FR2565071A1 - METHOD AND AGENT FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF THE FEEDING OF FOOD RATION BY RUMINANTS TO FATTENING - Google Patents

Abstract

THE OBJECT OF THE INVENTION IS A PROCESS FOR OPTIMIZING THE ASSIMILATION OF THE FOOD RATION IN RUMINANTS FOR FATTENING POSSIBLY INCLUDING A PERIOD OF MAINTENANCE, FOLLOWING WHICH IS INGED BY THE RUMINANT, AT THE SAME TIME AS THE FOOD RATION NORMAL, AN EFFECTIVE AMOUNT OF SORBITOL.

Description

Method and agent for optimizing the assimilation of

  the feed ration by ruminants for fattening.

  The subject of the invention is a method and an agent.

  for the optimization of the assimilation of the food ration

  keep silent with ruminants for fattening, i.e.

  by ruminants intended for meat production.

  The invention also aims to optimize the assimilation of the feed ration of ruminants intended for

  meat production but going through a period of

  maintenance, especially the winter period.

  It also targets, as industrial products,

  new triels, compositions and presentations fed

  silences intended for said animals and incorporating this agent.

  Optimizing the assimilation of the food ration

  mental - that is to say, obtaining as high and rapid an increase in weight as possible for a given ration - is sought after because of its implications on

  economically regardless of the type of farm animal

vage considered.

  It is of particular importance in the case of ruminants - notably oxen, bull calves, cows, heifers - intended for fattening, that is to say for meat production, due to the well known fact that only part of the food is used by these animals for their growth, this due to the nature

  commonly distributed foods, which are only part of

  partially digested, as well as their particular anatomy

  lière essentially adapted to the herbivorous diet.

  It has already been proposed to remedy this state of

  to protect, for example by tanning or by wrapping

  sulation, at least some of the building blocks of

  the food ration to prevent them from being degraded

  too much dice in the rumen and they can-

feels reaching the duodenum.

  It has also been proposed, in a different field

  from that of fattening ruminants, namely that of increasing the blood sugar content and the milk yield of ruminants (French patent N 2,344,233), using xylitol mother liquors as

  feed additives for dairy cows; he is

  peeled in this regard as the cow's diet

  dairy is very different from that of ruminants in the

  fat both by the different protein ratio

  digestible with nondigestible proteins, only by the addi-

  carbohydrates. The mother liquors of xylitol aux-

  what is used, understand, in relation to the

  dry matter, from 5 to 25% of xylitol, from 20 to 35% of ara-

  bitol, from 10 to 25 t of mannitol, from 5 to 15% of sorbitol,

  from 5 to 10 t of dulcitol and from 5 to 10 y of rhamnitol.

  According to the explanation given, the effect obtained by the addition of xylitol mother liquors to the fodder on milk production is due to the fact that -the polyalcohols with a carbohydrate character exhibit excellent resistance to degradation in the rumen and '' would thus be able to reach the intestine before degradation

  important could happen. The in vitro study of re-

  resistance to degradation of the various polyols concerned

  led to note that the pentitols (xylitol and arabi-

  tol) offer by far the best resistance, while the

  sorbitol is degraded much faster.

  The fact that xylitol mother liquors can be considered as a safe and useful additive for feeding dairy cows is also the result of a study published in "NUTRITION REPORTS INTERNATIONAL",

  June 1981, vol. 23, no 6, p. 1077-1087.

  A more recent work published in "J. Sc. Food Agr." - 1984, vol. 35, p. 21-28, relates to tests on sheep and also shows that sorbitol and mannitol disappear quickly, especially by incubation with suitable microorganisms, and cannot be

  detected in the digestion content of the duodenum, confirms

  mant as well as the effects observed from the increased point of view

  mentation of milk production by administration of xylitol mother liquors to dairy cows, are due exclusively to pentitols such as xylitol and arabitol. Faced with the reality of this very rapid degradation

  sorbitol in the rumen of ruminants, a fact which

  immediate sequence is that this hexitol does not reach the

  duodenum, the skilled person had to rule out any possibility

  action on the part of sorbitol on ac phenomena

  accompanying digestion and assimilation of food

  in the case of fattening ruminants.

  And it is - neither the knowledge of the French patent NO 79 01697, which recommends the application of sorbitol, as an agent

  cholagogue, in the preruminant calf, which could change

  manage anything in this regard for those skilled in the art since the preruminant calf has a physiology of a monogastric animal,

  - nor the fact that sorbitol has already been used to

  supplement certain vitamin solutions or certain curative preparations, the administration then being carried out either with very low doses, or with larger doses but on an ad hoc and episodic basis and for a limited time in the event of disorders

digestive systems of certain animals.

  Under these conditions, the merit of the Company De-

  manderesse is all the more great for having found that, quite surprisingly and unexpectedly, the addition

  a small amount of sorbitol in rumi foods

  fattening, that is to say meat production, optimized the assimilation of the food ration by these animals, in other words - significantly increase weight gain daily means and, simultaneously, to improve the consumption index which is

  illustrated by the report "quantity of food ingested / quan-

meat produced ".

  It follows that the method according to the invention for optimizing the assimilation of the food ration

  in ruminants for fattening including

  Lement a maintenance period, is characterized by the fact that one makes ingest by the ruminant, at the same time as the normal food ration, an effective quantity

sorbitol.

  It also follows that the optimization agent

  of the assimilation of the food ration in rumi-

  for fattening is characterized by the fact that it is essentially constituted by sorbitol, which is,

  therefore, aimed at the application to the optimization process.

aforesaid station.

  It finally follows that the feed for ruminants for fattening according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises an effective amount of the above

  agent, consisting essentially of sorbitol.

  Whatever the various aspects of the invention,

  tion defined above which is retained, the sorbitol used can be in the form of powder or solution, either pure or in the form of a hydrogenated starch hydrolyzate

  of which it represents the principal constituent; preferably

  this, sorbitol is, in the latter case, present for a reason

  at least 71% by weight, expressed on the content of ma-

dry tibers of the hydrolyzate.

  Advantageously, the amount of sorbitol used is at least O10 g per day, the practical limit,

  not imperative but imposed by economic considerations

  mics, being about 200 g per day.

  More specifically, the above-mentioned lower limit is approximately 20 g and the upper limit approximately 120 g per day, a frequently retained amount being 80 g per day.

  According to an advantageous embodiment of the pro-

  industrial product constituted by the feed of the ruminant, this one comprises a proportion of approximately 0.1 to approximately

  2% by weight, preferably about 0.3 to 1.2% of sorbent

  tol, these percentages being expressed as dry matter over

dry matter.

  The use of sorbitol in the feeding of

  ruminants allows, as illustrated by the examples, to increase

  very significantly lie in the average daily weight gain

  animals; what is important is that this gain

  significantly higher average daily consumption is not obtained by greater consumption of food since the consumption index is not higher, and is even

  on the contrary, generally lower.

  The mechanism of action of sorbitol is not yet explained. Tests carried out in the context of the invention have shown, moreover, that the optimization effect exerted

  by sorbitol is particularly marked with ali-

  elements with low or medium total nitrogen content, that is to say less than 15% and, in practice, between about 9% and about 13%, these percentages being expressed in N x 6.25 relative to at

dry matter.

  A preferred embodiment of the conforming process

  to the invention therefore consists in making ingest by rumi-

  providing an effective amount of sorbitol together with a food having an N x 6.25 content of less than 15%

  and preferably between 9% and 13% by weight.

  Sorbitol can be administered by

  mixture with the other constituents of the food ration

  shut up ruminant at mealtimes; he is also

  possible to provide ready-to-use mixtures,

  that is to say directly usable foods comprising,

  in addition to sorbitol, at least some, if not all, of the

food ration constituents.

  The invention can be understood even better at

  using the examples which follow and which include the

  description of advantageous embodiments.

EXAMPLE 1

  By this example, we show that sorbitol is very quickly degraded by rumen microorganisms

  and therefore cannot reach the duodenum.

  This is an in vitro test, carried out according to the technique developed by the I.N.R.A. of Theix and in

  leiuel iirfrinte, qititr, q.uatits d; e 3) r) i; Ol are set to in-

  cuber for six hours at 390C in a medium which does not limit ammoniacal nitrogen and in the presence of a large amount of rumen content and juice. Samples of juice and rumen content are taken before meals on a heifer

  fitted with a rumen fistula and receiving a diet

constant silence, free of sorbitol.

  The composition of the above medium is as follows:

  - 400 ml of artificial saliva, the composition of which

  tion is as follows: 20. bicarbonate 9.24 g disodium phosphate 7.12 g K chloride 0.45 g Ca chloride 0.055 g Mg chloride 0.047 g 25. distilled water q.s.p. 1 liter, - 200 ml rumen juice, - 200 g rumen content, - 15 g potato pulp and

- 0.250 g of urea.

  In three Erlenmeyer flasks, each containing one liter of this medium, 0.40, 0.80 and 1.60 g are added respectively.

sorbitol.

  The residual sorbitol is dosed specifically on four samples respectively erected after 1 h, 2 h

  3) nILites, 4 h and 6 h of incubation.

  The results obtained are collated in Table I.

TABLE I

  Quantity (in g) of residual sorbitol on the sample taken at "t" t: Oh t = lh t = 2h 30 mn t = 4h t = 6h Erlenmeyer nl 0.40 0.25 0.02 O 0 __ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ ___ _ _ _ j-II Erlenmeyer n 2 0.80 0.45 0.06 0 O Erlenmeyer n 3 1.60 1.05 0.72 0.40 0 After 2.5 hours of incubation, sorbitol is therefore completely degraded for doses of 0.40 and

  0.80 g; for the 1.60 g dose, it is completely

graded after six hours.

EXAMPLE 2

  To confirm the results presented in

  example 1, the fate of sorbitol in the rumen was investigated

  dié at the Laboratory of Digestion of Ruminants of the I.N.R.A. to Theix on three sheep each carrying two

  cannulas, one on the rumen and the other on the duodenum.

  40 g of sorbitol were introduced all at once into the rumen via the rumen cannula

before the morning meal.

  Samples of juice and rumen contents were taken after 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 90 minutes, 2

  hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours and 8 hours.

  At the same times, samples are taken

at the level of the duodenum.

  The dosage of sorbitol on these samples shows:

  - that sorbitol disappears very quickly from ru-

  men, the residual sorbitol level being below the detection threshold 90 minutes after administration, - that the amount of sorbitol, which arrives in the small intestine, is very low, that is to say of the order

  2 l of the administered amount, despite the important

  this of this amount administered at one time.

EXAMPLE 3

  Two in vivo tests were carried out at Labora-

  roof of the I.N.R.A.Meat Production at Theix on eight-month-old bull calves; we tried two types of food, the first based on grains of

  but the other being based on corn grain.

  a) Results obtained with the feed based on corn grains Six diets, the composition of which is indicated in Table II, are administered to six groups of

five bull calves.

TABLE II

  COMPOSITION OF FOOD DIETS

  Diet Diet Diet Diet Diet Constituent diet n 1 no 2 n 3 n 4 no 5 n 6 Maize grains (%) 79.1 79.7 78.2 78.8 77.3 77.9 Starch () 13, 1 13 , 2 13.0 13.1 12.8 12.9 But grain (%) 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.4i 5.4

Mineral condiment

  ral vitamin (%) 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 i Urea (%) I0 0 1.1 1.1 2.2 2.2 Sorbitol (%) i 0.70 O 0.70 O 0.70 O Total nitrogen materials t (g of N x 6.25 per kg) 90.75 90.4 121.3 121.9 152.0 152.6 The results obtained with the different regimes

  food are shown in Table III.

2565071-

TABLE III

  Identification of the envisaged Size Plan Duration no 1 no 2 no 3 no 4 (no 5 no 6 Average gain 56 days 1,025 888 1,263 1,221 1,096 1,236 daily 124 days 1162 1,030 1,130 1,200 1,120 1,230 cumulative (in g) 142 days 1,137 1,042 1,193 1,103 1140 1245 Weight gain (in q) Forage units 56 days 145 1117 187 170 161 174 ingested 124 days 153 130 157 153 150 161 On examination of the values gathered in table III, it can be seen that sorbitol improves the average daily gain and that this increase is not due to an increase in the amount of food ingested. Indeed, the weight gain per unit of energy is improved when

add sorbitol.

  On the other hand, for this type of food and for a nitrogen content greater than 15%, sorbitol

seems to have no effect.

  b) Corn-based diet

  The composition of diets is indi-

  listed in Table IV. Each plan is administered to a

group of five bull calves.

2565071-

TABLE IV

COMPOSITION OF FOODS

  Diet Diet Diet Diet Diet Constituent diet n 1 n 2 no 3 n0 4 n 5 no 6 But grain (%) 76.9 77.4 75.9 76.5 75.2 75.8 Starch (%) 6.7 6 , 8 6.6 6.7 6.5 6.6 Corn grains (y) 12.4 12.6 12.4 12.5 12.1 12.2

Mineral condiment

  ral vitamin (y) 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 Urea (t) OO 1.1 1.1 2.2 2.2 ... Sorbitol (,) 0.80 0 0.80 O 0.80 O

Azo- materials

  total tees! (g of N x 6.25 I per kg) 93.4 94.1 124.0 125.0 154.6 155.3 The results obtained are collated in Table V.

TABLE V

  Identification of the envisaged Size Scheme Duration n 1 n 2 n 3 n 4 n 5 n 6 Average gain 56 days 888 621 1107 1023 1236 1264 daily 124 days 1000 790 1270 1130 1340 1390 cumulative (in g) 142 days 970 818 1232 1151 1352 1392 Weight gain (in q) Forage units 56 days 135 88 165 144 183 178 ingested 124 days 132 102 168 146 177 181 Here again, we see that the addition of sorbitol

  significantly improves average daily gain and ef-

  dietary suitability for animals receiving food

  elements whose N x 6.25 content is approximately 9 to 12.5. there As it goes without saying and as it already follows from the above, the invention is in no way limited to those of its modes of application and embodiments which have been more particularly envisaged; she embraces it

on the contrary all the variants.

Claims (9)

  1. Method for optimizing the assimilation of the feed ration in ruminants for fattening   possibly including a maintenance period, charac-   terrified by the fact that it is ingested by the ruminant,   together with the normal food ration, about forty effective amount of sorbitol.   2. Agent for optimizing the assimilation of the food ration in ruminants for fattening,   characterized by the fact that it is essentially killed by sorbitol.   3. Application of sorbitol as an op-   timisation of the assimilation of the food ration in ruminants for fattening.   4. Feed for fattening ruminants, ca-   characterized by the fact that it contains an effective amount   the agent of claim 2.   5. Method according to claim l, characterized in that the amount of sorbitol used is at least 10 g per day.   6. Method according to one of claims 1 and 5,   characterized by the fact that the upper limit of the amount of sorbitol used is approximately 200 g per day.   7. Method according to one of claims 1, 5 and   6, characterized in that the amount of sorbitol used is approximately 20 to approximately 120 g per day,   preferably around 80 g per day.   8. Feed for fattening ruminants, ca-   characterized by the fact that it contains a quantity of   bitol of between approximately 0.1 and approximately 2% by weight,   preferably between about 0.3 and about 1.2.   9. Food according to claim 8, characterized in that it has a total nitrogen content less than 15% and, in practice, between   about 9 and about 13% as well as an amount of sorbi-   tol between about 0.1 and about 2% by weight.