FR2563800A1 - Object provided with hydrodynamic lift wings - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to improvements to the creation of lift by wings passing through a liquid substance. It consists of a body 1 provided with at least one skid 2 and a wing 3 in the form of an arrow ss arranged in the centre or in front of the centre of total gravity. The wing 3 is divided into three parts 3a, 3b, 3c according to the tasks to be accomplished. Part 3c bears the object 1 at cruising speed and ensures lateral stability. Part 3b adds lateral and longitudinal stability if necessary and imparts exceptional hold in lateral waves and winds. Part 3c creates a hyper-lift force on take-off, low speeds and supports on the waves. The wing 3a has a free movement forwards. It is possible to add a medial wing 5, damping stop etc. The object can be any floating, flying, amphibious or submersible object.

Description

The present invention relates to improvements made to the creation of hydrodynamic lift by wings piercing a liquid substance, and their behavior during "flight" creating an ascentional force in the same way as the wings of an airplane.

 It has long been recognized that boats carried by hydrodynamic wings offer a considerable improvement in road comfort, increased travel speed and less resistance to advancement at the same cruising speed as boats in conventional and certain movement. in hydrodynamic displacement, hence a reduction in the necessary power installed on board.

 We will discuss three possible embodiments of the wings carrying at cruising speed arranged before the center of gravity of the boat which has been the subject of numerous patent applications - their navigation, technical and commercial qualities to better understand the different qualities of the wing according to the descriptions and the claims which we will explain below.

 There are operational realizations of the boats arranged in tandem or the bearing wing before the center of gravity of the boat is carried out in "V".

She has good sailing qualities in calm waters but their behavior is unsatisfactory to waves and side winds. They are linked to many long crutches with constant immobile hold on the float.

They therefore have a very large surface to the side winds and waves, their immobile outfits, constant to the float makes repairs, maintenance and navigation in shallow waters, difficult.

 The lateral parts of the front wing provided with lift makes it difficult to turn and insufficient resistance to lateral waves. Easy to make, economical in energy, at cruising speed, the boats are in regular use in many countries of the world.

 According to a second embodiment, there are operational boats in tandem arrangement, characterized in that the front wing forms a "T" overturned with a central stand; its use is made possible thanks to the onboard equipment. It has little wet surface. The unique, retractable stand offers ease of repair, maintenance and navigation in shallow waters. The excellent sailing qualities are only due to the on-board equipment.

 There is a third embodiment claimed in numerous invention patents, characterized in that the front wing is produced in an inverted "V" shape.

We are not aware of the existence of functional boats of this type but through practical tests that we have done, we have found poor sailing qualities due to the existence of large straight side surfaces.

 At cruising speed accidental loss of lift by the air intake and release of the boundary layer. Lateral movements carrying quite brutal, difficult turn, poor handling of the waves.

 The above drawbacks are overcome by the invention which provides a new type of more efficient bearing wings, more resistant to the creation of subcavitation and giving a predictable lift in a wider speed range.

 The bearing wing according to the invention also has a very wide range of possible angles of attack. The decrease or increase of the wetted surface according to the speed, in an automatic manner, allows their use both at low speed with a large angle of attack to obtain a strong lift, and at very high speed with an angle weak attack and reduced wet area.

 The wing according to the invention also has qualities of lateral, longitudinal and turn self-stabilization, due to its shape of lateral and transverse longitudinal view and also to the magnitude of the angles of incidence distributed over the different wing parts, defined according to the mission requested to be accomplished at the necessary time in a predetermined manner and automatic commissioning without any external intervention necessary, gives rise to total independence of possible operation.

 The rear position of the wing in operating condition is predetermined by an adjustable damper stop. The lift is centered behind the pivot center of the stand around its vertical and retractable axis. The free movement forward gives assurance that a negative lift can never take place, a safety condition to be observed provided for according to the invention if necessary.

 According to the invention, the arrow-shaped lift wing has three substantially different parts, determined according to the mission to be accomplished.

 The first part immersed at cruising speed is a lateral element of the wing, produced with very small angles of incidence up to 8 ", increasing in the direction going from the median plane to the side and from the side in the direction going in the median plane of the wing. It has a high quality of penetration and lateral self-stabilization, its mission is to support the object out of the water at cruising speed, to ensure it the best lateral and longitudinal stability possible and a good behavior in waves It may have slots at the leading edge.

 The second part, out of the water at cruising speed is a side element of the wing, made with small angles of incidence, it is responsible for adding if necessary the lateral and longitudinal stability, helps to make the choice of the best lateral inclination necessary for the turn, with or without pivoting of the wing according to the speed of an object, of the type ships, planes etc ...

a contribution to good longitudinal behavior at waves and exceptional qualities of behavior in waves and side winds.

 The third part, out of the water at cruising speed, includes the middle part of the wing, made with small angles of incidence, it is predestined to create a complementary sustantational force; takeoff, low speeds and additional longitudinal support to waves at cruising speed.

The effect of the lateral dihedral angle is not negligible for the increase or reduction of lateral and longitudinal stability, it is one of the reasons to study the wing in three parts according to the missions to be accomplished taken counts their indicence, from where the lateral dihedral angle takes determined inclinations the middle part of the wing has a slight negative lateral dihedral preferably; the part of the lateral elements above the water line at cruising speed preferably has the strongest negative lateral dihedral of the wing, of equal size over the entire surface or increasing in the direction going from the plane median to the flank of the wing and flank in the direction going to the median plane of the same wing; the part of the lateral elements below the water line at cruising speed which provides the main lift at the same speed at a small negative lateral dihedron, decreasing in the direction going from the median plane to the side of the wing and the dihedral
wing tips, that is within the limit of - 150 to + 250 maximum.

 According to one embodiment of the arrow-shaped lift wing, above the main wing is arranged another wing with characteristics substantially the same as the previous one, at a height at least equal to half the rope of the wing, and at least a third back from its leading edge. I1 is advantageous that the upper wing is with lateral elements of length at least equal to the lateral elements of the preceding wing located above the water line at cruising speed, that the upper wing is removable but integral with the previous one using the connecting elements, that the upper wing be a need to make the previous wing more solid, absorbs vibrations in the state of use, improves its additional lift and therefore is an integral part of the previous one in search of qualities.

 The provision of an adjustable shock-absorber to limit the maximum rear position of the wing, for an increased incidence of take-off and low cruising speeds, greater latitude in centering the payload, an adjustment of the height of the flight and play the role of automatic regulator of the incidence of the wing in the event of creation of insufficient or excessive lift, therefore the adjustable shock-absorber also has a mission to accomplish similar to a vehicle shock-absorber, the shock absorber can be connected to the controls of a wave height detector for greater autonomy and efficiency of the services provided.

 The possible placement of one or more wave height detectors in front of the wing has a predetermined height according to the mission to be accomplished requested at the necessary time in a predetermined manner and automatic commissioning without any external intervention necessary. I1 can be connected, either to an adjustable stop, or to an adjustable shock-absorber, or to the commands of the propulsive forces, request acceleration and deceleration if necessary when approaching or descending a wave of longitudinal, transverse direction , or side of the boat, either in a mode of combination of one of the two stops with the previous one.

 The wing must be kept at a sufficient distance from the float of the object by one or more crutches so that the wing is not hampered by the presence of the float in the performance of its functions.

 The mere fact that the lift wing is soaring considerably increases the lateral and longitudinal stability. Suppose that the right part of the wing sinks, there is an oblique attack (sliding) to the right, and the right part of the wing therefore has a greater elongation in the relative wind than the left part. The right part therefore produces more lift, hence a moment of roll. We also know that two wings with different jibs give rise to different liftings due to the fact that a flow of given speed (V) has two components, speed ( Vi) parallel to the code (perpendicular to the leading edge), corresponding to a flow of the liquid from the leading edge towards the trailing edge, while the component (V2) corresponds to a flow of the liquid parallel to the edge d attack, so each lateral movement (slip) will correspond to the change in relative current, hence the change in lift for the same speed and same angle of attack (see fig. 8) This example explains one of the qualities of bearing wing, to restore its lateral balance by hydrodynamic principles without any external intervention in normal state of use.

The crutch is preferably removable, but integral with the wing held before its lift. The crutch is preferably held to the object using a device which allows it to pivot around its vertical axis. The crutch rotates the wing around its vertical axis and at the same time dislodges it either to the left or to the right of the vertical axis of the object. This displacement of the aid displaces in the same direction as the wing the center of its lift for several reasons
a) Due to the pivoting of the stand and the geometry of the wing in arrow, the vertical axis of the wing is no longer in the extension of the vertical axis of the object.

A change in the length of the arms in favor of the part of the wing which advances at the expense of the part which recedes.

 b) Due to the pivoting of the wing around its vertical axis and the geometry of the wing in arrow, the wing obtains in part which advances decrease in the arrow therefore increase in lift and the other part which moves back increase in size of the arrow in the relative current therefore reduction of the lift (see fig. 8).

 When cornering, because we turned the wing to the right it got new qualities of hydrodynamic behavior. The left part of the outer wing at the turn advances faster than the right part of the same wing below the turn, therefore produces more lift, given its increased speed and on the other hand given its position in the relative current tends towards a weaker arrow (fig.

8). The left part therefore has a double lift contribution to the detriment of the right hence the total lift of the wing and to the left of its median and therefore we obtained a tilting inclination lateral towards the inside of the turn. This imbalance creates a centripedal force directed towards the inside of the turn so that the total lift of the wing has a component directed towards the center of the turn, in addition to the component that supports the weights.

 The deflection of the wing according to the invention may be different in the. three parts of the wing described above according to the missions to be accomplished for greater efficiency of the services rendered.

 The arrow wing described above has very advantageous qualities for use in a tandem, duck or airplane arrangement, provided that the rear bearing wing of the object's center of gravity is produced with arrow angles smaller than the wing arranged before the center of gravity of the object. Under these conditions, the rear wing loses more lift at the change of incidence than the front wing at the same speed of movement (see fig. 8), hence the cruising speed in normal working condition theoretically. a negative lift can never take place, a condition to be respected according to the invention.

Below a detailed description is given of a nonlimiting example of an embodiment referring to the attached drawings.
fig. I: flow resistance diagram of three types of boat already mentioned above for comparison
fig. 2: a perspective view of a wing team object
fig. 3: the lower part of the boat seen from the side with representation of the water line at cruising speed
fig. 4: a wing view according to the arrows "B - B" of FIG. 3
fig. 5: a sectional view along the arrow "A - A" in FIG. 2 with representation of the water line at cruising speed.

fig. 6: a sectional view along the arrows "C - C" in FIG. 5
fig. 7: a sectional view of a wing, second variant embodiment
fig. 8, diagram of lift of two wings of different arrows in the same stream of water at a speed of movement and same angle of incidence.

 The winged boat has a body 1 fig. 2 at the lower part of which crutches 2 hold the front bearing wing 3, the rear bearing wing 4 and the middle wing 5. The wings 3 and 4 arranged one in front of the other respectively and behind the center of gravity 6 fig. 3, of the boat, create a hydrodynamic lift force, opposite and equal to the weight of the boat at cruising speed.

The rear wing (4) is made with a lower boom angle (in the case without a boom angle) than that of the front wing (3)
Between the front (3) and rear (4) wings at the center or behind the center of gravity of the boat and above the water line (7) fig. 3 at cruising speed, there is a median wing (5) with small angles of incidence, detachable but integral with the body (1) by means of crutches (2) with a length L fig.4 allowing it to remain out of the water at cruising speed, the wing (5) also has slots (8) fig. 1 at the leading edge for greater lift at high angles of incidence and greater fineness of flow from the upper surface of the median wing (5).

 The supporting wing (3) has an angle of arrow fig. 5 the wing (3) is composed of a middle part (3a) fig. 6 and parts of the lateral elements (3b) and (3c). above the water line at cruising speed, are made with small angles of incidence. The part of the lateral elements (3b) remains submerged at the same speed creating the requested lift, produced with angles of incidence from very small to a maximum of 80, increasing in the direction going from the median plane to the side of the wing, and flank in the direction going to the median plane of the same wing.

fig. 6 L'angle8+de dièdre latéral de la partie médiane (3a) ne doit pas dépasser l'angle # de dièdre latéral de la partie des éléments latéraux (3b) à l'endroit où ceux-ci sont contigus à la partie médiane (3a) et en particulier, il peut être nul. L'angle de dièdre latéral de la partie des éléments latéraux (3b) a de préférence le plus fort dièdre latéral négatif de l'aile (3), de grandeur croissant dans le sens allant du plan médian au flanc de l'aile (3) et du flanc dans le sens allant au plan médian de la même et, en particulier, il peut être de grandeur égale sur toute la surface, comme montré sur la fig. 7. L'angle
de dièdre latéral de la partie des éléments latéraux (3c) peut être d'un léger dièdre latéral négatif égal sur toute la surface et, en particulier, il peut être diminuant dans le sens allant du plan médian au flanc de l'aile (3), comme montré sur la fig. 6. L'angle de dièdre latéral des bouts de l'aile faisant partie des éléments latéraux (3c) soit dans la limite de - 150 a + 250 maximum, dans le cas représenté sur la fig. 6 il est positif.Each of the three parts (3A), (3b), (3c) of the wing (3) according to the missions to be accomplished, taken into account their incidences, are made with valuable side dihedrons

fig. 6 The angle 8 + of lateral dihedral of the middle part (3a) must not exceed the angle # of lateral dihedron of the part of the side elements (3b) at the place where these are contiguous to the middle part ( 3a) and in particular, it can be zero. The lateral dihedral angle of the part of the lateral elements (3b) preferably has the largest negative lateral dihedron of the wing (3), of increasing size in the direction going from the median plane to the side of the wing (3 ) and flank in the direction going to the median plane of the same and, in particular, it can be of equal size over the entire surface, as shown in fig. 7. The angle
lateral dihedral part of the lateral elements (3c) may be of a slight negative lateral dihedral equal over the entire surface and, in particular, it may be decreasing in the direction going from the median plane to the flank of the wing (3 ), as shown in fig. 6. The lateral dihedral angle of the ends of the wing forming part of the lateral elements (3c) is within the limit of - 150 to + 250 maximum, in the case shown in FIG. 6 it is positive.

 According to one embodiment of the front wing t35 of main lift at cruising speed, above the main wing (3) is arranged another wing l91 fig. 7 at a height at least equal to half of the wing chord (33 and at least a third back from its leading edge. It is advantageous that the upper wing (9) is with lateral elements (9b) of length at least equal to the lateral elements (3b) of the wing (3) situated above the water line (7) at cruising speed, than the upper wing (9) either removable but integral with the previous one (3) using the connecting elements (IO) Fig. 7.

 The supporting wing t3J has in its middle part (3a) and the lateral part (3c) slots t fig. 5 leading edge which alter these marine qualities.

 The stand (2) of the wing (3) is connected to the body (i) by means of a holding device (not shown in the drawings) allowing the wing (3) to pivot around its axis vertical - x, fig. 6 to take a turn or to restore a lateral imbalance. The same arrangement in the case allows the stand (2) to make a free movement forward (12) fig. 3 from its extended position for security reasons and for retraction.

 The placement of a wave height detector (not shown in the drawings), in front of the wing (3) has a predetermined height according to the mission to be accomplished requested, at the necessary time in a predetermined manner and automatic commissioning. The detector can be connected to the propellant acceleration commands and requests acceleration or deceleration if necessary when approaching or descending a wave of longitudinal, transverse or lateral direction of the boats, or connected to an adjustable stop for the good both to the previous two.

 On the body 1 of the object or stand (2) is an adjustable damper stop (not shown in the drawings) limiting the rear expansion position of the fin 3) the stop allows the desired incidence to be adjusted. the wing (3,> the creation of a position of high lift on takeoff and low cruising speed, greater latitude in centering the payload, adjustment of the flight height and playing the role of automatic governor the incidence of the wing in the event of creation of insufficient or excessive lift, whose adjustable shock absorber stopper has a mission to accomplish similar to that of a vehicle shock absorber. The adjustable shock absorber stopper is connected to the height sensor controls waves for greater efficiency of the services provided.

 The combination of all these arrangements which have just been described, ensures the improvement of the marine qualities and the use of the object with bearing wings.

 We have seen multiple modes of application likely wings according to the invention.

 1 In use arranged in tandem, duck or plane, any object without or with propulsion, autonomous or assisted.

 a- floating objects with conventional displacement or not, amphibious vehicle, motor boat, sail and others ...

 b- flying objects, airplanes and others, allow them to land if necessary, move like a boat in a liquid substance or take off from the same substance with satisfactory efforts and statibities.

 II In use alone in transverse arrangement, near the total center of gravity in working condition, any object without or with propulsion, autonomous or assisted, boats, planes, water skis, floating machines, flying machines, flying chair, and others...

 Of course, the invention is in no way limited to the embodiments described and shown which have been given only by way of examples. In particular, it includes all the means constituting technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations, if these are carried out according to the spirit of the invention.

Claims (9)

 of the wing.  going from the median plane to the flank and from the flank in the direction going to the median plane  angles of incidence from very small to + 80 maximum, increasing in the direction  angle of attack and the part of the lateral elements (3c) is made with  and the part of the lateral elements (3b) are made with small years  within the limit of - 150 to + 250 maximum, in that the middle part (3a)  flank of wing 3 and in that the dihedral of the ends of wing 3 is made  lateral negative dei decreasing in the directions going from the median plane to  in that the wing (3) is composed of a middle part (3a) with a slight negative lateral dihedral # and of lateral elements (3b) (3e) with a dihedral  dried in the center (6) or before the center (6) of total gravity in working condition,  provided with at least one crutch (2) and one wing (3) in the form of an arrow ss available  located at the bottom of said object, characterized in that the object is  one of the bodies, crutches, wings held by said crutches,  l I Object provided with hydrodynamic lift wings of the type comprising 2 Object according to claim 1, characterized in that above  the main wing (3) is fitted with another wing (9) at a height at least  equal to a third of the cord of the preceding wing (3) and behind its  leading edge, in that the upper wing (9) has lateral elements  (9b) of length at least equal to the lateral elements (3b) of the previous one  (3), either integral with the preceding ones (3) with the wing of the connecting elements (10),  in that the upper wing (9) has the effect of rendering the previous wing (3)  more solid, absorb vibrations in working condition and improve its sus  temptation.  connecting elements (10) for removable holding.  rieure (9) is removable but integral with the previous one (3) using the elements 3- Object according to claim 2, characterized in that the upper wing  that alter its marine qualities.  the middle part (3b) of the wing (3) has slots (10) at the leading edge 4- Object according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that  leading edge which alter its marine qualities.  the part of the lateral elements (3c) of the wing 3 has slots (10) at the 5- Object according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that  low.  (2), either at its upper end, or at any point more  free movement of the wing (3) is ensured by means of stand (s)  negative can never take place in normal use, in that the  retraction sition; security conditions to be met so that an importance  that the wing (3) has a free movement from its position of extension to the po 6- Object according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that  than lower.  an adjustable stop, either at its upper end or at any point  the extension position of the stand (2) of the wing (3) is delimited by 7- Object-according to one of claims 1 to 6 'characterized in that  any point below.  by an adjustable damper stop, either at its upper end or  the position of the extension of the stand (2) of the wing (3) is delimited 8- Object according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that  body (I) by means of crutches (2) of removable outfits.  leading edge, in that the middle wing (5) is removable but integral with the  cruising speed, in that the middle wing (5) has slots (8) at the  at such a height (H) that the middle wing (5) is held out of the water at the  body (1) front or rear.The center (6) of total gravity in working condition  that the wing (5) of median lift is arranged at the lower part of the  for combining one of the two stops with the previous one 10. Object according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that  adjustable weaver, either at the controls of the propulsive forces, or in a mode  guard can be connected either to an adjustable stop or to an amor stop  requested when necessary and; put into automatic service, in that the die  waves, at an adjustable height, predetermined according to the mission to be accomplished  that one or more height detectors be fitted above the wing (3) 9- Object according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that  retracting position.  in that the rear wing (4) can be moved from an extended position into  smaller wing (3) has before the center (6) of gravity of the object (1)  center (6) of gravity of the object (1), or realized with arrow angles  that in use in tandem, duck or airplane arrangement the rear wing (4) the  (x - x) vertical of the body (1) 12- Object according to one of claims from 1 to 11, characterized in  before its lift and dislodges the wing (3) either to the left or to the right of the axis  that the stand (2) is removable but integral with the wing (3) and tries  that a device allows the stand (2) to rotate about its axis, in this 11- Object according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that  submersible.  that this object can be any object, floating, flying, amphibious or 13- Object according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that