FR2558499A1 - Improvements to the shorings of ditches having slides making the sliding and extraction of the panels easier - Google Patents

Abstract

The shorings are characterised in that there are combined: a. Double slideways 9, 10, 11, 12 of slides, consisting, on either side of the core 6, of a rail 13, 14 which can slide vertically in retaining grooves, said rail being capable of being actuated by means of its upper part, above the slides 1, in order to separate or reestablish the separation between the front and rear slideways 9-12 forming the double slideways, said rail 13, 14 serving as a support for the panels in the two horizontal directions, b. With panels P1, P2 having bearing rollers 23, 24 on their lateral vertical edges. The invention is used in the excavation of trenches.

Description

Technical main
The invention relates to improvements to the excavation of excavations made up of two parallel series of vertical slides kept spaced apart by struts across the | hearing and arranged at suitable distances to gl gli sser there, in double slides on either side of themselves, the lateral sides of rectangular panels which are driven into the ground alternately to the slides, means @ being designed to facilitate the sliding of the lateral edges of the panels in the slides of the slides, the lower edge of the bottom panel and of the slides being shaped like a spade to facilitate their insertion, said slides comprising, in addition, means facilitating the extraction of the panels lower by reducing the lateral pressure of the ground on the panels, firstly 9 then by sliding them along the upper panels, inside these in the internal slides.

Po @ é problem
When digging a deep trench, there is a risk of walls collapsing. Keep the soil loose to avoid accidents.

State of the art and disadvantages
One of the first ideas must consist in constituting the shielding by regularly spaced vertical posts which one pushes in the ground and which presents each caté a slide in which one places the rectangular panels.

 @n pushes in the posts and panels and we dug between two armor beads to carry out the excavation The spacing of the posts and panels is maintained by struts.

 There are several drawbacks to these devices. The first consists of a significant friction of the panels against the ground and the corresponding effort that must be exerted to push them in and remove them. These efforts, and in particular the extraction effort, are further increased by the risks of the panels jamming in the slides if the panels do not sink or do not withdraw well vertically.

 This is why we have imagined vertical posts or runners with double slides, the most inside slide of the excavation being reserved for the deepest panel. When sinking, the effort is the same, easy to extract, the deepest panel is removed and shelters behind the upper panels and can therefore be extracted more easily. The sliding behind the scenes has also been improved by having rollers on the side edges of the panels.

 However, there was still the drawback of the extraction friction which is strictly the same, at the beginning, for the lower panel, at the place where the earth pressure is the greatest, and then the effort is strictly the same for the upper panels but, it is true, for a lower pressure of the grounds.

 We then imagined improving the system of double-slide rails. The slide towards the outside of the excavation is reserved for driving in, while the slide inside the excavation is reserved for extracting the panels. To achieve this, there is provided a device for oscillating the wall between the two slides in the lowest part of each slide, thereby achieving a switch "of the bottom panel. Some of these devices have gels on the slides and not on the panels. The downside is to decompress the floor at the bottom, reduce friction and extract each of the bottom panels in the same way, which reduces the extraction efforts of all the panels.

 However, a difficulty arises in the operation of the "referral" device which is located at the bottom of the slide posts and which operates in soil or mud.

In these conditions, it may get stuck and malfunction and even deteriorate.

 In any case, the friction is maintained at the lower part of the panel, at the start of the extraction and a relative movement of the slides and the upper panels must be carried out, which does not eliminate the friction and maintains the drawback disadvantages of the struts when maneuvering the slides separately.

The present invention is intended to remedy these
disadvantages.

Statement of the invention
The invention is mainly characterized by the fact that a) a combination of double runners of slides, formed on either side of the core, is combined by a rail which can slide vertically in retaining grooves, said rail being capable of being actuated by its upper part, above the slides, to separate or restore the separation between the front and rear slides constituting the double slides, said rail serving to support the panels in both horizontal directions, b) with panels having, on their lateral vertical edges, support rollers.

 According to a preferred embodiment, the rail is of the mushroom type and cooperates with support rollers with an outer flange.

Solution to the problem, advantage and industrial result
The rail can be moved easily relative to the rest of the slide so that the passage of the panels from the front or external slide to the rear or internal slide is very easy. There is no longer a mechanism operating in the ground and as soon as the rail has been lifted, the bottom panel is easily released and decompresses the ground. I1 can be reassembled without friction. The maneuvering of the rail also allows this panel to maintain the 801 on its internal face and to rely on the other side of the rail.

 Support rollers facilitate maneuvering and the fact of providing a mushroom rail and support rollers with an external flange makes it possible to ensure better guidance of the panels in the slides, a constant spacing of the latter and to avoid the jamming of the panels when they are pushed in or removed.

 The invention will be better understood using the description below which gives a non-limiting example of practical implementation and which is illustrated by the accompanying drawings.

Brief deseriptiùn of the figures
In these drawings,
FIG. 1 is an elevation view of an excavation in progress with slides and panels,
Figure 2 is a section along AA of Figure
1,
FIG. 3 is a section along BB of FIG. 1,
FIG. 4 is a horizontal section of a slide of the invention with two vertical panels,
Figures 5 to 9 are partial vertical sections of the lower part of the panels show the successive operations for the extraction of the lower panel.

Description of an embodiment
The shield consists of two parallel series of vertical slides (1) held apart by struts (2) which are kinds of stays whose length is adjustable and whose ends cling to the rails. The languor of these struts therefore depends on the width of the excavation. This is generally a trench intended, for example, to lay a pipe (3). We are obliged to use the excavation armor for relatively deep trenches.

The slides (1) are arranged at suitable distances for sliding rectangular panels P1 therein and
P2. PI panels differ from P2 panels in that they have a lower edge (4) shaped by cutting a spade to facilitate its insertion into the ground. It should be noted that the bottom of the slides (1) is also shaped in the same way. Indeed, the slides (1) and the panels P1 and P2 are driven into the ground by blows struck by a mechanical shovel. The insertion of the slides (1) and of the panels P1 and P2 is therefore done alternately but with a coordinated baleen pattern so as not to trap the panels Pl and P2 between the slides (1) or to cause excessive distortion in the struts (2).

 Simultaneously, we remove the earth between the series of panels to the right and left of the trench and when we reach the bottom of it we descend the pipe section (5) to connect it to the pipe (3) during pose.

I1 must then remove panels Pl and P2 and slides (1). To do this, we start by removing the bottom PI panel, which generally causes a push of the earth which crumbles into the bottom of the trench. Immediately afterwards, it is partially filled. The panels are then removed, alternately and in the appropriate sequence.
P2 and the slides (1) with their struts (2). Then we fill the rest of the trench.

 The invention essentially resides in the shape of the slides of the slides (1) which we see represented schematically in FIG. 4.

 In detail, the slide (1) is made up of a core (6) which connects an external profile (7) having a flat face perpendicular to me (6), to a slide of struts (8) with C section. which also has a flat face perpendicular to the Eme (6). The outer profile (7) has the shape of a U-profile which gives it the necessary rigidity.

The stirrup slide (8) has, turned towards the outside, a rim groove making it possible to slide the stallion heads there by retaining them to prevent them from escaping laterally. The external profiles (7) and the stirrup slide (B) determine, on either side of the core (6), a U-shaped groove which is divided into two front slides (9) and (10) and in two rear slides (11) and (12) by the support rails (13) and (14) whose gossip (15d and (16) are retained but can slide between retaining profiles (17, 18, 19, 20) welded at the junction of the 9th (6) with the external profile (7) on the one hand and the strut of struts (8) on the other.

 It is understood that the sliding of the rail vertically between the retaining profiles (17-20) which has a tongue such that (21) partially covering the shoe (15) can be carried up (arrow (22) of Figure 6 , by communicating either the front slide (9) with the rear slide (11), or the front slide (10) with the rear slide (12). As the rollers (23, 24) of the P2 panels no longer find bearing against the head of the rail (13), they can escape from the slides (9) and (10) respectively to be placed in the slides (11) and (12).

 Another peculiarity of the invention lies in the fact that the support rail (13) is of the well-known mushroom type in order to be able to cooperate with rollers (23, 24) which have a flange such as (25) located at the outside of the roller.

The technique of combining a wheel with a flange with a mushroom rail is well known in the railway, but here, the rollers (23, 24) instead of rolling over the mushroom, roll on the caté of that -ci and sausages (25) engage in the birth of the fungus. The flanges (25) and the rollers (23, 24) therefore retain the panels P2 in their tendency to escape from the front slides (9) and (10) or from the rear slides (11) and (12).

 The operation of the device of the invention will now be explained with the illustrations in FIGS. 5 to 9.

 First of all, it is understood that the insertion of the slides (1) and of the panels P1 and P2 takes place in a conventional manner with the rollers (23, 24) of the panels P1 and P2 passing through the front slides (9) and ( 10). The slides (1) are kept apart by the struts (2) and the insertion of the assembly using a construction shovel is done according to the rules of the art by tapping alternately on the slides and panels avoiding the jamming of the panels P1 and P2 in the slides (1) and the jamming of the stallion heads (2) in the stallion slides (8).

 At the desired depth (Figure 5), the panel P1 is pressed slightly lower than the slide (1) and it is retained by the rail (14). When the work at the bottom of the excavation has been carried out, for example, the laying of the pipe section (5) following the piping (3), the problem consists in removing the panel P1 with the greatest possible convenience.

As the thrust of the ground is exerted laterally against the panel P1, the fact of removing the rail (14) in the direction of the arrow (22) (Figure 6), which is done by pulling said rail (14) simply towards the top, thanks to the construction shovel, means that the P1 panel automatically tilts backwards, being partially placed in the rear slide (12). If he does not do so, he is helped with the shovel; this occurs especially when there is land inside the trench that holds the panel P1. This is generally the case since the trench is partially backfilled over the height of the panel to be extracted to avoid the collapse of the psrois. The presence of these earths can moreover impede the correct placement of the panel P1 in the rear slide (12) and prevent the correct sliding of the panel P1 in the two slides (11) and (12) which are relative to the two slides (1 ) of this panel P1. The inclined position of the panel P1 shown in FIG. 6 is moreover common in at least one of the devices of the state of the art which has been described at the beginning of this memo. The goal is to arrange the panel P1 vertically in the rear runners (11) and (12) as shown in Figure 7. The panel P1 can be placed there spontaneously under the thrust of the lands shown by the arrows (26 ) and (27).

However, it can be helped by pushing the rail (14) vertically, in the direction of the arrow (28) (Figure 8), which results in engaging the side of the head of said rail (14) on the rollers such as (23) and (24). When the rail (14) has reached the lower end of the slide (1) and of the panel Pl (FIG. 8), it is certain that the panel P1 has taken the position shown in FIG. 8. All that remains is to reassemble the panel P1 in the rear slides (11, 12), in the direction of the arrow (28), as shown in FIG. 9.

In other words, the operations are as follows: a) lifting the rails (13) or (14) with the shovel over the height of the panel P1 to release the rollers (23) or (24),
b) displacement of the panel P1 towards the interior of the excavation,
the galetas (23) or (24) coming to bear on the slide
struts (8) after passage of the front slide (9) or
(10) from the slide (1) to its rear slide (11) or (12), this
displacement can be done naturally by pushing the ground
in loose soil, or by the action of the shovel in clay soil,
c) replacing the rails (13) or (14) with the shovel to
forcing separations between the "front" and rear "slides, d) partial filling of the trench, e) extraction of the panel P1.

In the far left part of FIG. 1, the configuration of the shielding is shown with the panel P1 which has just been removed. The PI panel can then be extracted from the immediately posterior span, when necessary. We can then, if desired, partially remove the slide which is on the far left.

But beforehand, we can start again the operations with the rail (13) of the slide (1) which is on the extreme left in the representation of figure 1 and with the rail (14) which is immediately in the slide (1) following so as to be able to remove the panel P2 in a manner identical to what has just been explained for the panel PI.

 The extractions of the other panels are carried out successively in the same way by the operation of the rails (13) and (14) which slide along the core (6) of the slides (1) as has just been explained and illustrated in Figures 5 to 9.

 The result described above is therefore obtained.

Claims (2)

 1. Improvements to excavation shields made up of two parallel series of vertical slides (1) held apart by struts (2) through the excavation and arranged at suitable distances to slide in double slides on either side of themselves, the lateral sides of rectangular panels Pi, P2 which is driven into the ground alternately to the slides (1), means being provided to facilitate the sliding of the lateral edges of the panels P1, P2 in the slides of the slides (1), the lower edge of the lower panel P1 and of the slides (1) being shaped as a spade to facilitate their insertion, said slides comprising, in addition, means facilitating the extraction of the lower panels by reducing the lateral pressure of the ground on the panels, firstly, then by sliding the along the upper panels, inside these in the internal slides, characterized by the fact that a) are combined a double slides (9, 10, 11, 12) of slides, consisting of on either side of the 8th (6), by a rail (13, 14) which can slide vertically in retaining grooves, said rail being capable of being actuated by its upper part, above the slides (1 ), to separate or restore the separation between the s front and rear slides (9-12) constituting the double slides, said rail (13, 14) serving to support them panels in two horizontal directions, b) with panels P1, P2 having, on their lateral vertical edges, support rollers (23, 24).  2. excavation shield, as defined in claim 1, c a r a c t é r i sé in that the rail (13, 14) is of the mushroom type and cooperates with rollers supporting the flange (25) outside.