FR2551854A1 - Scattering device for mines jettisonable from an aircraft - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for scattering mines jettisonable from an aircraft. The device comprises a support frame mounted in the vicinity of an opening 14 such as a ventral hatch, side door or rear door, and on which frame rests at least one basket 26, 28 receiving several containers 50, in each of which are packaged a plurality of mines 52 which can be jettisoned and which are normally held inside the containers by retention means capable of being unlocked automatically at the moment of jettisoning in such a way as to allow the mines to be released by gravity.

Description

 Dispersing device for mines which can be released from a aircraft.

 The present invention relates to a dispersing device intended for dropping mines, from an aircraft, more particularly from a helicopter.

 The presently known dispersible mine dispersing devices are placed outside the aircraft where they are generally suspended or hung. Such a provision significantly limits the carrying capacity of the mines and allows only a narrow flight range to be maintained. In addition, these devices require the setting up of complicated and bulky handling means to bring the mines from their storage position to them. release position.

 The present invention seeks to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a device for dispersing mines which can be released and which can be housed inside the hold of the aircraft and which does not use any handling means for dropping mines.

 The dispersing device according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least one support bflti mounted in the vicinity of an opening, such as a ventral hatch, side door or arch door, and on which rests at least one basket receiving several containers , in each of which are conditioned a plurality of droppable mines normally retained inside the containers by retaining means capable of being unlocked automatically at the time of release so as to allow the escape of mines by gravity.

 The unlocking of the retaining means can be controlled automatically by these electromagnetic or electronic control means, so as to release the mines, either simultaneously, or according to sequences chosen according to the density of the mine field which it is desired to place on field.

 In a first embodiment of the invention, the baskets and the containers are mounted in a vertical position. The frame may in this case comprise a carriage constituted by a pepedic parallel frame with open bottoms, which is mounted movable in translation, in the longitudinal direction of the aircraft, along two rails fixed on either side of the hatch ventral, and the baskets are in the form of a box which can be embroidered in a longitudinal line in the carriage, the containers being arranged vertically in successive rows inside the baskets.

 Driving means, such as a jack, arranged on the floor of the hold, are provided for moving the carriage on the rails which carry it, in order to successively bring the different rows of mines above the opening from the hatch.

 The baskets rest by their lower edge on retractable locks provided in the longitudinal walls of the carriage. They are internally divided by vertical partitions, equidistant and perpendicular to the longitudinal walls of the carriage, into a plurality of housings intended to each receive a row of mine containers, of shape complementary to that of the housing. The containers are arranged vertically with their open end facing downwards and bear, by means of horizontal ribs formed on the external faces of their vertical walls, on the upper edges of the partitions which delimit the corresponding housing.

 The housings are provided at their inner end with tilting flaps returned to the closed position by elastic return means and the opening of which can be controlled so as to allow the escape by gravity of the mines.

 The flaps are provided on their interior face with the housings, of shims which allow the support of the mines while preventing their displacement in the containers when these are put in place in the basket. During the operations of placing a container in the basket, the mines it contains are prevented from sliding out of the container by a support rod which passes through the container at its lower part. Once the containers have been placed in the basket, the support rod is housed in a channel formed on the wedge and which is sufficiently deep to absorb the thickness of the support rod.

 According to an important characteristic of the invention, each of the flaps is articulated, by means of a pivoting hinge fixed on one of its sides which runs along the partitions, around a pivot axis whose ends are mounted in two tubular bearings fixed on the inner edge of the adjacent partition, the flap being provided on its opposite side, with at least one locking hinge with an internal diameter equal to that of the pivot axes and which has a groove of width less than said width over its entire length internal diameter and turned upward, the pivot axes having on at least a portion of their length equal to the length of the locking hinge, a reduced diameter, substantially equal to the width of said groove, the axes being capable of sliding in their direction in said bearings between a retracted or locking position for which a portion of axis of normal diameter is engaged in the hinge locking, thus keeping the shutter in the closed position, and a depressed or release position for which the axis portion of reduced diameter is located in the locking hinge, which allows the shutter to pivot freely around its pivoting hinge towards its open position.

 Thus, each axis serves as a pivot axis for a shutter and element, locking uent for the next shutter.

 The sequence of insertion of the axes is controlled by a programmer which acts, by means of the electric Venus, on pushers mounted in one of the longitudinal walls of the carriage, respectively in the extension of the axes of support.

 When an axis is pressed, the corresponding flap is released and pivots around its pivoting hinge under the action of its own weight and that of the mines which are in the corresponding housing. The flap is held vertically in open position during the escape of the mines, after which it is returned to its closed position by the elastic return means.

Locking means are provided to maintain the aforementioned axis in its depressed position and to allow it to be called up in its retracted or locking position once the shutter has returned to the closed position.

 Inside each container, at its rear part, are provided arming means, such as inclined ramps, intended to lift a safety of the mines at the moment when they slide to escape from the containers.

 In a second embodiment of the invention, the containers are placed in a horizontal position, and are inclined, at the time of release, towards the ventral hatch.

 The dispersing device comprises two baskets containing a plurality of mine container carriers arranged parallel to one another in superimposed layers, and secured to each other by means of front and rear supports articulated so as to be able to assume a loading position in which the container vessels are in a horizontal position, and a release position in which the container ships are in an inclined position, allowing the mines to escape from the containers by gravity.

 In a particular embodiment, the mines are in the form of a straight prism with a section in the shape of an equilateral triangle and the containers have a prismatic shape with a hexagonal section capable of receiving at least one layer of six mines, joined along their faces and arranged around the axis of the containers. The mines provide between them a channel extending along one axis of the container, and through which passes a mine retaining rod which is provided at its end on the hatch side, with a retaining stop and at its opposite end, d '' a thrust stopper, the rod being retained in the container by locking means which can be unlocked when the mines are released.These locking means can be constituted by the combination of a plate fixed to 3 inside the container carrier and which is crossed by the retaining rod, and a U-shaped pin whose branches pinch an annular groove formed on said end of the rod at the rear of said plate, the rod being unlocked by means of '' a needle capable of spreading the branches of the pin until they come out of the annular groove.The container ships are slightly longer than the containers they contain so as to overflow at both ends with respect to at x containers, arming means constituted for example by a cam holder ring being fitted into the end portion of each container holder which projects beyond the hatch side.

 The dispersing device also includes a system for ejecting the camshaft rings capable of being actuated in the event of a theft incident. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the ejection system comprises an ejector mounted cranking in the end portion of the opposite tube and an entraining member such as a jack, capable of driving the ejector into the tube, thus causing it to move:; ent from the container and therefore the ejection of the camshaft ring.

 According to a characteristic of the invention, each of the baskets is pivotally mounted around a vertical pivot fixed on the frame. It is thus possible to facilitate the loading of the baskets by orienting the tubes perpendicularly to the axis of the aircraft with their open face facing the side doors of the aircraft. Once the baskets are loaded, they are oriented along the axis of the aircraft.

The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows made with reference to the appended drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view with partial cutaway of a dispersing device according to a first embodiment;
Figure 2 is a partial sectional view along the line
Figure II-II
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a mine which can be released by the dispersing device of FIG. 1
Figure 4 is a perspective view of a mine container of Figure 1 on a larger scale
Figure 5 is a perspective view of the container from its rear side
Figure 6 is a partial plan view of a detail of Figure 1
Figure 7 is a partial sectional view along the line
Figure VII-VII
Figure 8 is a partial exploded perspective view showing the method of fixing the tilting flaps;
FIG. 9 is an elevation view of a dispersing device according to a second embodiment,
FIG. 10 is an axial section view of a mine container used with the device of FIG. 9, and
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a detail of FIG. 10.

 The description which follows will be made in the case of the particular application of the release of mines of prismatic shape with triangular section which is the subject of patent application No. 82 02 073 of February 9, 1982, in the name of the Applicant, but as will be appreciated, the invention can be applied to any other type of jettisonable mine.

 With reference to Figure 1, the dispersing device comprises a frame consisting of a raceway and a carriage mounted movable in translation on the raceway, and lockable in the extreme position.

 The raceway comprises, in the case of FIG. 1, two ball rails 10, 12 fixed to the floor of the aircraft, on either side of the ventral flap of the latter. The rails are oriented in the longitudinal direction of the aircraft so as to allow the carriage to move in this direction.

 The carriage is constituted by a parallelepipedic frame 16 of light structure, formed by two parallel walls 18, 20 oriented in the longitudinal direction of the aircraft and by two other walls 22, 24 perpendicular to the previous ones. The carriage is open at its upper and iniérleure ends and rests, by the lower edges of its longitudinal walls, on the rails 10, 12.

 The carriage receives one or more baskets arranged one after the other in the longitudinal direction of the aircraft. In the case of FIG. 1, the carriage receives two baskets 26, 28. Each basket is in the form of a rectangular box provided with two longitudinal walls 30, 32 of length slightly less than half the length of the longitudinal walls of the carriage and two transverse walls 34, 36 of length equal to the interior length of the transverse walls of the carriage. The baskets are open at their upper end and each rest on four rocking latches, only two of which are 38, are visible in FIG. 1 for each basket.

 As shown in Figure 2, the locks are pivotally mounted about horizontal axes 42, in openings 44 formed in the longitudinal walls 18, 20 of the carriage and can be locked in a first position (Figure 2) for which legs 46 fbnt protrusion inside 11 of the carriage, serving as support for the baskets.

 The locks are unlockable in groups of four. Such an unlocking is carried out in the event of a flight incident, when the mines are to be dropped in the unarmed state, as will be explained below. In this case, the four locks retract into the openings 44. The basket being no longer retained, it falls through the carriage and escapes through the ventral hatch 14.

 As shown in FIG. 1, the baskets are internally divided into compartments 49 (eight in the case of FIG. 1), by vertical partitions 48, parallel to the transverse walls 34, 36 of the basket and equidistant from each other.

These partitions extend from the bottom of the basket to about half
of its height. In each compartment 49 is inserted a row of containers 50 for releasable mines. In the case of FIG. 1, each row comprises three containers.

Figure 3 shows an example of a drop mine that can be used. Mine 52 has an elongated prismatic shape, of section in the shape of an equilateral triangle. It has on one of its faces a groove 54 in which protrudes a finger
arm 56 which, when pressed, initiates the mine arming mechanism.

 As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the containers have a prismatic section in the shape of a parallelogram which can receive four mines. It goes without saying that the containers can be dimensioned to receive any number of mines. These are arranged so that their face which carries the cocking finger is turned towards the side of one or the other of the large faces 58, 60 of the container.

 The containers have on their large faces horizontal ribs intended to bear on the upper edge of the partitions 48 of the basket. Advantageously, the face 58 comprises two ribs ies 62, 64 aligned and spaced apart, while the face 60 has a single rib 66 situated at the same height as the ribs 62, 64 and having a length and an arrangement chosen so that, when two neighboring containers are supported on the same partition 48, the rib 66 of one of them overlaps between the ribs 62, 64 of the other container, as shown in FIG. 6. In the free corners of the compartments are inserted filling elements 61.

 On the internal faces of the large walls 58, 60 of each container at its lower part are fixed four wedge-shaped arming ramps 63, 65, 67, 69 which are respectively engaged in the grooves 54 of the four mines contained in the container . These ramps are capable of driving the arming fingers 56 of the mines when the latter escape from the containers.

 During storage, the containers are coite of two lids 68, 70. When the containers are placed in the baskets, the lids are removed and the mines rest on a dge 72 passing through the container at its bottom and bearing on two orifices 74 drilled in the small faces 76,78 of the container. This rod also makes it possible to remove the containers and from the baskets. their mines, in the case for example where it is decided that the drop would be postponed to a later date. If the storytellers did not have a rod, such an operation would be difficult to carry out, because when the container is lifted upwards, the mines remain inside the basket. In addition, during this movement, there has a risk that the arming ramps penetrate the mine safety fingers 56. On the other hand, if the rods 72 are in place, the containers and the mines which they contain can be extracted as a whole.

 As can be seen in FIGS. 7 and 8, the containers of the same compartment 49 rest by their ribs 62, 64, 66 on the upper edge of the adjacent partitions 48, and by their lower end on a tilting flap 80 which closes normally the bottom of the compartment. As for the mines 52, they rest on elevating shims 82 which are fixed on the internal face of the flap 80. The shims of the same flap are traversed by a channel 84 in which is housed the rod 72 which supports the mines in the container during storage.

 Each flap is articulated on the partitions 48 by means of a pivot pin 86 which passes through a pivot hinge 88 fixed substantially in the middle of one of the long sides of the flap and of two tubular bearings 90, 92 fixed on the edge bottom of the adjacent partition 48.

 According to the invention, each flap can be locked in the closed position by means of the pivot axis of the next flap.

An example of such a locking system will be described with reference to FIG. 8.

 Each flap is provided for this purpose on its long side, opposite to that which carries the pivoting hinge 88, with two locking hinges 94, 96 arranged so that they come to overlap, when the flap is closed, in the intervals comprised between the hinge 88 and the bearings 90, 92 and in their alignment. Each of the locking hinges 94, 96 is tubular in shape and has over its entire length, a groove 98 (FIG. 7) turned upwards, and of width less than the internal diameter of the hinge. In addition, the pivot axis 86 has a diameter substantially equal to the internal diameter of the above-mentioned hinges and bearings and comprises two portions 100, 102 of reduced diameter, slightly less than the width of the groove 98 of the hinges 94, 96. of reduced diameter have a length slightly greater than that of the hinges 94, 96 and are separated by a portion 104 of normal diameter, and of slightly less length Ct the distance separating the neighboring ends of said hinges.

 The rods 86 are slidably mounted in the hinges and bearings and can occupy either a retracted position, shown on the right side of FIGS. 7 and 8, for which plain portions of the rod are engaged in the locking hinges 94, 96 and retain therefore the flaps in the closed position, ie a depressed position, shown on the left-hand side of FIGS. 7 and 8, for which the reduced diameter portions 100, 102 are located in the hinges 94, 96. In this position, the flap 80 n 'is therefore more restrained, so that under the combined action of its own weight and the weight of the mines it supports, it pivots down around the pivot axis 86 to place itself in a hanging position. springs, not shown, are provided to return the flaps to their closed position after the mines have escaped.

 The ends of the pivot axes project into ioe orifices (Figures 1 and 2) drilled in the walls 30 of the baskets.

In the wall 18 of the carriage are mounted pushers 108 intended to push the rods 86 to bring them into the locking position.

The pushers are activated by electric jacks 110 which are controlled in sequence by logic.

 The movement of the carriage 16 on the rails 10, 12 is ensured by any motor means, for example by pneumatic cylinders without rods, not shown, arranged on the raceway and the pistons of which bear on the carriage in the interval separating the two baskets 26, 28. The compressed air supply is provided by a reservoir controlled by an electro-valve. Stops 112, 114 placed at the ends of the rails limit the movement of the carriage.

The operation of the dispersing device which has just been described is as follows
The containers 50 being placed in the baskets 26, 28, when we arrive at the place of the release, the carriage is unlocked. This is moved so that the first basket 26 is located above the hatch 14. The electric jacks 110 are then controlled so that the pushers 108 push the pivot rods 86 successively, from left to right on the FIG. 1. When a rod is pressed in, its reduced diameter portions Ie, 102 are located in the locking hinges 94, 96. The flap 80 is then free to open, since the rod portions 100, 102 can come out of said rods. hinges through the grooves 98. Under the weight of the mines, the flap opens. The containers 50 are retained in the basket by their support ribs 62, 64, 66 while the mines 52 slide and escape through the ventral hatch 14. During their passage in front of the ramps 63, 65, 67, 69, the arming fingers 56 are enfor.cés, which initiates arming of the mine igniters. The flap is kept in the open position by the mines until they have completely escaped, after which it is called back to its firm position + iz'e.

 Locking means are provided to hold the corresponding rod 86 in the depressed position until the shutter has returned to its closed position. At this time, the rod is returned to its retracted position for which portions of normal diameter penetrate into the locking hinges 94, 96.

 When the first four rows of mines in the first basket have been released, the carriage 16 continuously advances and gradually brings the second basket above the hatch.

 The central control logic unit is arranged so that in the event of a row n flap being closed, the rank flaps greater than n cannot open, thus preventing further dropping. Likewise, if a mine is not completely out of the container, the carriage is stopped.

 In the event of a flight incident, the pilot actuates the command to open the first four latches 38: the first basket 26 passes through the hatch 14. The carriage automatically advances to the front stop and the release of the second basket 28 is automatically controlled .

 We will now describe the second embodiment of the dispersing device which is illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10.

 The dispersing device comprises two baskets 120, 122 disposed on each side of the hatch 14. Each basket is formed of a frame 124 contained in a vertical plane and which is fEzé by its lower side on a horizontal base 127. The frame and the the base are moreover connected to one another by spacers 125. The two caddy-base assemblies are pivotally mounted around vertical pivots 126, 128 fixed on a frame 130.

 In the frame are pivotally mounted several front supports of poet-container, four in the case of Figure 9, referenced 132, 134, 136 and 138. These supports are articulated on the uprights 140, 142 of the frame, by means of pins horizontal 144, 146, 148, 150 regularly spaced on the uprights. The container tubes are joined at their other end by rear supports 132A, 134A, 136A and 138h hinged together by means of rods 152, 154, 156 mounted on axes 158, 160, 162, 164.

 The set of container-carrying tubes can therefore be placed in a block in a horizontal position (on the left in FIG. 9) and an inclined position (on the right in FIG. 9). For this reason. it is provided. in known basket, a nin jack is supported on the base 127 and on the lower support 138 by an axis 168.

 Each support carries four container-carrying tubes 170 (FIG. 10) into each of which is inserted a container 171 of prismatic shape with hexagonal action capable of receiving at least one layer of six mines (two layers in the case of FIG. 10) of the type of that illustrated in FIG. 3. The tube is longer than the container it contains and exceeds the latter at its two ends.

 The mines are arranged with their face which carries the cocking finger 56, facing the side walls of the container. In the tube end portion which projects beyond the container on the hatch side is fitted an ejectable crown 172 (FIG. 10) which posts six cams 174 intended to arm the mines when they escape from the tube.

 In the other end portion of the tube which projects beyond the container is slidably mounted in the container holder 170 a nozzle 176.

 When the ejector 176 is pressed into the container carrier 170 over a distance d greater than the fitted length d ′ of the crown 172, it pushes the container which ejects the crown by the same distance. If the mines are then dropped, they will not be armed.

 Advantageously, the ejectors 176 of the four container carrying tubes 170 of the same support are connected by a common push plate 180 which can be attacked by a single jack. The four cam carrier rings of these container carriers can therefore be ejected simultaneously.

 The mines 52 are retained inside the container-carrying tubes by means of a flexible rod 182 crossing the axial channel defined between the mines, and which carries, at its end on the outlet side of the container, a retaining stop 184 and on the side of the other end, a distance equal to the length of the two layers of mines, a thrust stop 186. The end of the rod, diz side of said thrust stop, passes through a hole drilled in a plate -support 188, and has an annular groove 190 (Figure 11). In a manner known per se, the rod is retained in the tube by means of a U-shaped pin 192, the elastic branches of which pinch the groove at the rear of the support plate 188.

The opening of the pin 192 which locks the rod can be carried out by means of an electromagnet 194 provided with a needle 196 capable of being inserted between the branches of the pin and spreading them apart.

 To facilitate the loading of the baskets 120, 122, these are oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft, as is the basket 120 in FIG. 9. The tubes are then oriented facing the side doors of the device, so loading is done on both baskets at the same time. The containers 171 are introduced into the tubes in a horizontal position (G on the left in FIG. 9) by lQ open face. the rods are then snapped onto pins 192.

 The par.iers being loaded, they are rotated 90 to place the containers in one axis of the aircraft.

 When one arrives at the drop zone, the tubes are tilted using the jack 166. The release sequence controlled by a remote programmer, successively triggers 11 insertion of the needle 196 of each electromagnet 194. The pin 192 opens, releasing the retaining rods 182. The mines then move into the container. When passing in front of the Deadbolt 172, the safety of the igniter is lifted before the mine 52 falls through the hatch 14.

 In the event of a flight incident, the pilot triggers the distress release. In this case, by action on the actuating cylinder, the common push plate 180 is pressed. The ejector 176 translates the container 171 into the container carrier 170 and causes the unlocking and ejection of the cam holder 172. By simultaneous action of the electromagnets, the mines leave the containers without the launching safety of the mines are lifted, which prevents their arming.

 The preceding descriptions are made in the case of the mounting of the dispersing device according to the invention in an aircraft comprising a ventral hatch.

 The same device can be used in aircraft having other types of opening, for example side doors or rear door

Claims (21)

RVlNDi CATI ONS  1.- Device for dispersing mines which can be released from an aircraft, characterized in that it comprises at least one support frame mounted in the vicinity of an opening (14) such as a ventral hatch, side door or rear door, and on which rests at least one basket (26, 28; 120, 122) receiving several containers (50; 171), in each of which are conditioned a plurality of standard droppable mines (52) retained inside the containers by retaining means t80 ; 182) capable of being unlocked automatically upon release, so as to allow mines to escape by gravity.  2 A disperser device according to claim 1, characterized in that the baskets and the containers are mounted in a vertical position.  3. A disperser device according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the frame comprises a carriage (16) constituted by a parallelepipedal frame with open bottoms, which is mounted movable in translation, in the longitudinal direction of 1 ' aircraft, along two rails (10, 12), in that the baskets (26, 28) in the form of a box which can be fitted in longitudinal file in the carriage and in that the containers (50) are arranged vertically by successive rows inside the baskets.  4.- Device. disperser according to claim 3, characterized in that drive means, such as a jack, arranged on the floor of the hold, are provided for moving the carriage on the rails which carry it, in order to successively bring the different ones rows of mines above the drop opening.  5.- A disperser device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the baskets rest by their lower edge on retractable latches (38) provided in the bngitudinal walls (18, 20) of the carriage.  o.- A disperser device according to one of claims 2 to 5, cax activated in that the baskets are divided internally by vertical partitions (48), equidistant and perpendicular to the longitudinal walls of the carriage, in a plurality of housings (49) intended to each receive a row of containers (50) of mines, of shape complementary to that of the housing.  7. A disperser device according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the containers are arranged vertically with their open end facing downwards and bear, by means of horizontal ribs (62, 64, 66) formed on the external faces of their vertical walls, on the upper edges of the partitions (48) which delimit the corresponding housing.  8. A disperser device according to claim 1, characterized in that said retaining means consist of tilting flaps (80) closing the bottom of the housings and which can be opened against the force of elastic return means, so as to allow mines to escape.  9. A disperser device according to claim 8, characterized in that the flaps (80) are provided on their inner face to the housings, wedges (82) which allow the support of the mines (52) while preventing their movement in the containers when these are placed in the basket (26, 28).  10.- Dispersing device according to one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that during the operations of placing a container in the basket, the mines it contains are prevented from sliding out of the container by a rod (72) which passes through the container at its rear part, said support rod coming to be housed in a channel t formed on the wedge.  11.- A dispersing device according to one of claims 8 to 1C, characterized in that each of the flaps (80) is articulated by means of a pivoting hinge (88) fixed on one of its sides which runs along the partitions, around of a pivot axis (86) the ends of which are mounted in two tubular bearings (90, 92) fixed on the lower edge of the adjacent partition (48), the flap being provided, on its opposite side, with at least one locking hinge (94, 96) of internal diameter equal to that of the pivot axes and which has over its entire length a groove (98) of width less than said internal diameter and turned upwards, the pivot axes having over at least a portion of their length (100, 102) slightly greater than the length of the locking strap, a reduced diameter, slightly less than the width of said groove, the axes (86) being capable of sliding in their direction in said landings between a positio n retracted or locked for which a portion of axis of normal diameter is engaged in the locking hinge (94, 96) thus maintaining the shutter in the closed position and a depressed or release position for which, the portion of axis of reduced diameter (100, 102) is located in the locking hinge, which allows the flap to pivot freely around its pivoting hinge towards its open position.  12. A disperser device according to claim 11, characterized in that the axis driving sequence is controlled by a programmer which acts, by means of electric jacks, on pushers (108) mounted in one of the walls longitudinal (18) of the carriage, respectively in the extension of the pivot axes (86).  13. A disperser device according to claim 12, characterized in that the program is established so that, in the event of refusal to close, had a shutter of rank n, the shutters of rank greater than n do not open.  14.- Dispersing device according to the reseller, catbcn 12, characterized in that inside each container, at its lower part, are provided arming means, such as inclined ramps (63, 65, 67, 69) intended to raise a safety (56) of mines at the moment when they slide to escape from the containers.  15. A disperser device according to claim 12, characterized in that means are provided for maintaining the pivot axis in the depressed position until the flap has returned to its closed position.  16. A disperser device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one basket (12D, 122) disposed near a release opening (14), each anier comprising several layers of container-carrying tubes (173 ) arranged in parallel, and tiltable towards said opening  17. A disperser device according to claim 16, characterized in that, in each basket, the container-carrying tubes are carried by supports (132, 134, 136, 138) which can be pivoted integrally as a block, by means of burial, such as a jack, between a horizontal loading position and a position inclined towards the release opening.  18.- A disperser device according to one of claims 16 and 17, characterized in that the mines (52) are in the form of a straight prism with a section in the form of an equilateral triangle and the containers (17C, have a prismatic section shape hexagonal capable of receiving at least one layer of six mines joined along their faces and arranged around the axis of the containers, and that the mines provide between them a channel extending along the axis of the tube, and in which passes a mine retaining rod (182) which is provided at its end on the hatch side, with a retaining buoy (184) and, at its opposite end, with a thrust stop (186), the rod being retained in the container by locking means which can be unlocked when the mines are released.  19. A disperser device according to claim 18, characterized in that said locking means are constituted by the combination of a plate (188) fixed inside the container and which is crossed by the retaining rod (182), and a U-shaped pin (192) whose branches pinch an annular groove (1! 30) formed on said end of the rod at the rear of said plate, the rod being unlocked by means of a needle ( 196) capable of spreading the branches of the pin until they come out of the annular groove.  20.- A disperser device according to one of claims 16 and 19, characterized in that the container-carrying tubes are slightly longer than the container they contain so as to project at both ends relative to the containers, means of 'armament constituted for example by a cam ring (172) being fitted into the tube end portion which projects beyond the side of the release opening.  21. A disperser device according to claim 20, characterized in that it comprises a device for ejecting the cam holder crown, comprising an unassembled ejector (176) sliding in the opposite tube end portion and a drive member. such as a jack, capable of driving the ejector into the tube, thus causing the displacement of the container and therefore the ejection of the cam holder ring.  22. A disperser device according to claim 21, characterized in that the ejectors of the crown-carrier tubes of the same support are connected by a common thrust plate (180), intended for In transmitting. The effort of the drive member, experimenting with the ejectors of said tubes.  23. Disperser device according to one of claims 16 to 22, characterized in that each of the baskets is pivotally mounted around a vertical pivot fixed on the frame.