FR2500591A1 - Triple energy source domestic heating system - uses roof-mounted solar panel, off-peak electric, and coal or wood stove to heat air stored in and distributed through building walls - Google Patents

Abstract

The system combines three sources of energy supplying a common heat storage and distribution arrangement, with the internal walls of the building being used for heat storage. The three energy sources are solar energy, off peak electricity, and carboniferous fuels. The solar panel is fitted on the roof and heats air which is carried through ducts in the masonry walls. A circulation fan moves this air when an external transducer detects sunshine. An off-peak timer circuit switches in electric resistance heaters mounted in air passages in the ceiling and wall space, and supplementary heating on overcast days is provided by a wood or coal stove with a circulating water heat exchanger.

Description

The system according to the invention is characterized in that it combines three sources of heat production, iont solar energy, captured by air collectors, wood or charcoal burned in a central stove chimney incorporated in a storing wall , and an electrical resistance also incorporated in this wall, in a new distribution and storage system of calories constituted by hollow walls and diffusing heat both by radiation and pulsation of hot air in several rooms.

According to another characteristic, the electrical resistance is replaced by a fuel or gas boiler, connected to one or more radiators located in the stock, or directly diffusing forced air.

The system differs from existing solar systems in several ways. The use of three energies limits the use of electricity-
peak hours. Solar energy is then so complementary '
electricity, which is not the case in dual-energy systems
(solar electric) using electricity during rush hour.

the use of wood as a second source limits the demand for imported fossil fuels (oil or gas). Heating is therefore largely independent of the hazards weighing on the energy supply.

the use of three sources of energy makes it possible to reduce to an acceptable level the handling constraints related to the use of wood as fuel. In the morning in particular, the house is warm without any handling to be done. Wood retains a pleasant role, while being used here with great efficiency.

The central location of the storage wall in the house makes it possible to fully recover the radiation losses from the storage and the heat production system (which is not the case with a buried stock and an independent boiler room).

The use of a common and inexpensive distribution circuit for the three sources of heat production makes it possible to obtain a tri-energy system, 1 a cost close to or lower than that of a conventional mono-energy system. It also allows precise and orogrammed regulation of the heat supply (which is not the case with passive solar systems).

the use of the three energy sources finally provides security
total supply. In the event of a Danne or an electrical strike, the wood heating can operate in natural circulation. A
photovoltaic cell, optional, also allows to function
ner the solar system without recourse to grid electricity.

DESCRIPTION
The method according to the intention associates a surface capturing the solar radiations (I), a transmission sheath (2), a fan (3), regulated by an external probe (4), a wall storing bricks or parpainas (5) a wood-burning stove or chimney - charcoal integrated into the storage wall (6), possibly a water collector (7) in the stove or the chimney coupled with a radiator diffuser (8), one or more diffusion fans (9), controls by programming thermostat (11), an electrical resistance (10) also controlled by thermostat (nrogranrnation rîl), distribution ducts using the elements of the masonry, walls, floors, slabs (12), air outlets (13), possibly return ducts (14), allowing, if desired, insulation between the hot air circuit and the living space.

In the case where the air sensors are arranged on the cover, direct access hatches (15) allow natural summer air conditioning, by suction of the hot air.

OPERATION: ELECTRIC VERSION
At night, the electrical resistance (10) heats the storage wall (8).

It is triggered as soon as the stock temperature becomes too low (for example - 400C in winter, - 30 C in off-season). It is programmed to accumulate several hours of autonomy before the morning.

When the sun heats the sensors (l), the probe (4) commands the fan (3) to pulsate 11 heated air into the storage wall.

During the evening, or during cold midday hours, the central stove fireplace, which is lit, also diffuses its calories into the store and the walls.

The distribution of calories is ensured in the base by natural convection of the air heated by the stock and radiation <through the walls (stock, dlanchers) incorporating the ducts. The regulation is ensured by the fans accelerating the circulation of air when the temperature in a given room is too low.

The fan control can also be decided by a different programming (for example: day circuit = ground floor night circuit: floor).

In solar operation, the air heated by the collectors is preferably taken outside, after pre-heating under the south roof.

During night operation, the cold air entering the stock may be partly taken outside, by the sensor circuit. This air is then preheated by heat losses along the cover.

A variant may provide that the extracted air circulates on the external face of the sensor sheets, the latter then playing the role of exchanger.

reheating fresh air.

GAS VERSION
The principle is the same. The gas boiler is connected to the diffuser radiator. It is activated as soon as the stock temperature is insufficient.

Claims (4)

1. Heating system combining three energy sources including  the sun, coal or wood, electricity or gas, in  - a circuit of distribution and storage of heat using  the internal walls of buildings, transmitting t) base by radius-  2) in a convectionnatural or forced air way  hot, manual or automatic. 2. System according to claim I, using programming-  autonatic regulation of the hot air pulsation in the rooms,  by starting one or more fans and / or valves  electric, depending on the indoor and outdoor temperature  (thermostat) and the time given by a clock.  are used as exchangers in a double flow ventilation.  3. System according to claim 1, where the sensor s, in the absence of flow  captivating, fresh air on the inside.  The extracted air then circulates on the outer surface of the surface 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the pulsation forces air  in solar collectors - and the stock uses electrical energy  produced by photovoltaic cell playing both a driving role  and regulator.