FR2495178A1 - PROCESS FOR GASIFYING SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for gasifying a solid carbonaceous material in a furnace with a molten iron bath. A non-submerged lance 4 is used to inject coal, oxygen or water vapor to the surface of a bath 5 of molten iron. A depression 10 is formed in the surface of the bath 5 so that the ratio of the depth L of this depression 10 to the depth Lo of the bath 5 is maintained between 0.05 and 0.15. The speed of injection of the solid carbonaceous material is maintained between 50 and 300 m / s, in order to avoid the formation of an adherent mass 8 on the upper part of the furnace 1. Field of application: gasification of coal and 'other carbonaceous materials. (CF DRAWING IN BOPI)

Description

The invention relates to a gasification process

  solid carbonaceous material, in which the car-

  bonée is gasified in a gasification reactor furnace.

  in the presence of a bath of molten iron. The invention relates more particularly to a method of operating the furnace of the gasification reactor, making it possible to prevent the formation of adhering masses, as a result of projections, on the upper part of an oven, a hood or a

  nozzle, and also to stabilize the function

  oven and a long operation.

  In general, a so-called gasification process

  cation of coal by the use of a gasification furnace

  containing a molten iron bath is a process in which the heat required for the gasification is supplied

  by molten iron. Among known methods for gasification

  proud of a solid carbonaceous material, for example coal,

  coke or other, several processes are described in

  Japanese Patent Applications JA-OS No. 52-41604, No. 52-41605 and No. 52-41606. These processes are based essentially on the introduction of coal into an oven, or by falling coal on the surface of the bath or by introducing the coal by means of a carrier gas into the molten iron bath, the coal passing through an opening below the level of the bath and oxygen and / or steam. water being injected into the furnace, in a manner different from that according to which the coal is

  in the oven and to different parts of the oven.

  rents from those receiving coal. Because of these characteristics

  characteristics, the efficiency of use of coal for the

  gasification is low and other drawbacks inevitably

  Tables appear, namely: (I) In the case where the coal falls on the molten iron, when it is taken by the floating slag on the surface of the bath, a part dissolves in the molten iron by stirring, the loss of charcoal by projection or flotation with the slag, without gasification, increases, the utilization efficiency of the coal is low and does not exceed%, and the CO2 content of the resulting gas can not be

  below 5 to 6%, so that the gasification

  tion is not effective; (II) the sulfur present in the floating coal reacts directly with the oxygen to produce SOX, so that the advantage provided by the use of a gasification

  of this type and that the gas produced does not

  not hold sulfur disappears; (III) Since the zones of introduction of the coal and an oxygen jet are different and spaced apart from each other, a hot spot or a point called a fire point is formed, presenting a temperature extremely high, for example on the surface of the molten iron bath if the oxygen is injected from above, which results in a significant loss of molten iron by evaporation, the presence of a large amount of microscopic particles

  combustible carbon containing iron in the metallic state

  that in the gas produced, which presents a danger for the treatment of dust, and the difficulties of fo-t

  of the oven as a result of iron losses.

  Patent Application No. DE-OS No. 2,443,740 describes a process of substantially the same type as that described in the aforementioned Japanese applications and thus not escape

  the disadvantages mentioned above.

  A known method, described in Japanese Patent Application JA-OS No. 5589395, largely eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art and improves the carbon utilization efficiency of the solid carbonaceous material is improved. . In accordance with the method of this application, oxygen is injected from the top by means of a non-submerged lance onto the surface of the molten iron bath to form

  a hot spot or a point known as a point of fire at a high temperature

  erature, to which a solid carbonaceous powder is injected

  pneumatically from above by means of a non-submerged lance

  and using a carrier gas. Thus, the amount of solid carbonaceous material retained by the floating slag on

  the iron bath is reduced. In an oven of a sensitive type

  Analogously to a converter containing a molten iron bath at 1300-1500 ° C, the coal (coal powder) and a gasifying agent are injected from above by means of the immersed lance to the molten iron, to gasify the coal. This method using the converter type furnace facilitates the introduction of the coal and the gasifier into the furnace and

  allows an advantageous gasification of all types of

  good. However, projections of the molten iron bath occur during operation under the effect of

  jet of the gasifier and result in the formation of

  a sticky mass on the upper part of the oven or hood or on the surface of the lance (on the water cooling pipe), as a result of its rapid cooling, which raises operating difficulties. Once a certain adherent mass is formed, it grows steadily until it can seal the throat and hood of the oven, making it very difficult to adjust the oven pressure

  and ultimately leads to rendering the latter unusable.

  Therefore, according to this method, it is difficult to operate for a long time an oven,

  particularly of the converter type, and it is also necessary

  to break or stop the operation to remove the adhering mass, so that the gas is produced unstably, which is a disadvantage of

process.

  The slag floating on the molten iron bath and resulting from coal ash or injected flux develops. In the prior art, the mixing effect of the slag with the molten iron bath produced by the jet of the gasifier decreases as the thickness of the slag layer increases. The utilization efficiency of the coal then decreases because the contact of the gasification agent with the molten iron bath decreases, resulting in less diffusion of the coal.

  in the iron bath. It is therefore difficult in the prior art

  to obtain a high rate of utilization of coal

  without causing the formation of the adherent mass.

  Given the prior art described above, it is therefore very desirable to have a new process for gasifying a solid carbonaceous material, to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks that affect the prior art. The subject of the invention is such a process for the gasification of a solid carbonaceous material, in which it is possible to avoid the formation of an adhering mass on the

  upper part of an oven or on a hood in order to

  put in the oven to work for a long time. The process of the invention allows a high utilization efficiency of carbon without causing the formation of an adherent mass and it also allows to lower to the lowest

  possible value the sulfur content of the gas produced.

  The invention therefore relates to a gasification process

  cation of a solid carbonaceous material, wherein a pulverized solid carbonaceous material is injected from above onto a molten iron bath contained in an oven, by means of a non-submerged lance directed towards a hot spot formed by a jet of gasification agent comprising at least oxygen, this gasification agent being injected by the

  top by means of an immersed lance and the car-

  solid bonée being injected by means of a carrier gas. A slag-forming material is optionally injected to the hot spot so that the solid carbonaceous material is gasified, the L / L0 ratio of the depth L of the depression of the molten iron bath to the depth L0 of the quench bath. the molten iron is maintained between 0.05 and 0.15, and the injection speed of the solid carbonaceous material is maintained between 50 and 300 m / s to prevent the formation of an adhesive mass on the upper part of the furnace or

  on the hood. To further increase the efficiency of

  coal, a stirring gas is injected through at least one nozzle which opens below the level of the bath

  of molten iron in order to agitate this bath.

  The invention also relates to a method as described above, having, for additional characteristic,

  maintaining between 0.15 and 0.3 the L / L ratio of the depth

  The penetration rate of the solid carbonaceous material in the molten iron bath at the depth L. of the molten iron bath. The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of non-limiting examples and in which: FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of a gasification reactor furnace implementing the method according to the invention; Figure 2 is a partial longitudinal section of a lance; Figure 3 is a bottom view of the lance shown in Figure 2; and Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of an oven

  implementing a variant of the method of the invention.

  FIG. 1 represents a converter type gasification reactor furnace 1 having a discharge port 2 for steel and / or slag and a non-submerged lance 4 of the multi-nozzle type intended to inject from the top the pulverized solid carbonaceous material, oxygen and water vapor. This furnace contains a suitable charge of molten iron forming a bath 5. A jet of the gasification agent, injected from above by means of the lance 4, causes the formation of a hot spot on the surface of the bath. iron, in a depression, hot spot

  10 to which the carbonaceous material is injected pneumatically

  by means of a carrier gas so as to be transformed into

  gas, that is gasified.

  At the same time, slag 6 is produced on the surface.

  face of the melt due to the presence of ashes

  in the carbonaceous material, because of its gasification

  fication. Alternatively or additionally, the slag 6 results from a

  slag formation which is injected, preferably

  with carbonaceous matter. The training material of

  slag can be injected into the oven.

  The solid carbonaceous material to which the process according to the invention is applied may be any known material containing large amounts of carbon, for example coal, coke, pitch, coal tar, etc.

  In the description of a preferred form of the process of

  the invention, the solid carbonaceous material will be referred to above as

  after by the term "coal" (coal powder).

  The gasification agent, comprising at least oxygen, may be a gas that contains substantially oxygen, or a gaseous mixture of oxygen and water vapor. The oxygen content must be 70% by volume or more in order to provide sufficient oxygen without causing

  a cooling of the iron bath. We add advantageously

  water vapor if oxygen reaches 99% by volume

  or more. It is even more preferable to use oxy-

  pure gene and water vapor. However, water vapor can be used with an oxygen content of 70 to 99%

  in volume, if it results in a reduction of cost.

  The injection is carried out by means of a lance or

  several lances, preferably of the multi-nozzle type

  ples allowing at least the injection of coal using a carrier gas and oxygen by the use of a single lance. The water vapor can be injected either by means of the same lance as that used for oxygen, or by means of a separate lance. The optional injection of slag-forming material is preferably effected by means of

  same nozzle as that injecting oxygen or coal.

  However, the injection technique can use lances with different internal arrangements without departing from the scope of the invention. Conventional lances with a single nozzle or nozzle can be used in bundles or

in Group.

  The furnace 1 of the gasification reactor is preferably of the converter type, as shown in FIG. 1. However, an open hearth type furnace, for example as described in the Japanese patent application JA-OS

  No. 55-89 395, can be used depending on the size of the operation.

  ration. A preferred embodiment using the oven

  1 of the converter type is described below.

  The furnace 1 is implemented as described above.

  below. Melted iron is charged by a mouth 3 and the product gas is introduced into a gas tank (not shown) by means of a hood and a pipe (not shown) arranged above the mouth 3 to to recover the gas. The slag can be discharged through the discharge orifice 2 by giving the furnace 1 a tilted position, or it can be discharged through the mouth 3. A lance 4 not immersed, comprising several nozzles or nozzles 4-1, 4-2 and 4-3, is shown in Figures 2 and 3 and allows the injection of coal and its carrier gas, oxygen and water vapor by the use of a single lance and three types of nozzles. The lance 4 comprises a central nozzle 4-1, a nozzle 4-2 with an annular slot, surrounding the central nozzle 4-1, and three nozzles 4-3 arranged in a triangle at the periphery of the annular slot of the nozzle 4-2. . The central nozzle 4-1 injects a fluid mixture of coal and carrier gas; the slot-shaped nozzle 4-2 injects water vapor;

  and the peripheral nozzles 4-3 inject oxygen.

  A double jacket cooling water circulation channel 4-4 descends to the lower end of the lance where the return chambers 4-5 communicate with each other.

input and output channels.

  During the gasification of the coal, the coal, oxygen and water vapor are injected from above by means of the respective nozzles of the non-submerged lance 4 onto the molten iron bath (hereinafter " iron bath "). The coal is injected by means of the carrier gas to the hot spot which is formed on the iron bath by the jet of the gasifying agent, i.e. oxygen and water vapor, projections 7 of rising iron bath

  the surface of the latter, especially at the hot spot 10.

  According to the prior art, the projections are held

  exposed on the upper part of the oven or on the hood, on the lance and the like, where they cool rapidly to form a solid adhering mass 8 which creates a significant discomfort against continuous operation due to the risk of clogging mouthpiece 3 and nozzles

  spear. In the prior art, the conventional mode of injection

  In a converter is the so-called powerful injection, considered essential for gasification with a high efficiency of use of coal. In this case, a

  such closure can hardly be avoided.

  Now, according to the process of the invention, it is possible to avoid the formation of this adherent mass

  by operating the oven under the conditions indicated

  without affecting the efficiency of use of the coal, these conditions being the maintenance between 0.05 and 0.15 of the L / Lo ratio of the depth L of the depression of the iron bath to the depth Lo of this iron bath and maintaining between 50 and 300 m / s of the injection rate of the solid carbonaceous material. The ratio L / L0 is preferably maintained

  between 0.1 and 0.15. This L / L ratio. is defined primarily

  the penetration depth of a gasification agent jet.

  cation, while the rate of coal injection depends

  mainly the speed of the carrier gas injection.

  - Under these conditions, the furnace can be-implemented for a long time, by removing projections and therefore the deposition and growth of the mass

  adherent during operation.

  It is also preferable to maintain another ratio between 0.15 and 0.3, namely the L / L ratio of the depth L 'of penetration of the solid carbonaceous material into the iron bath at the depth L 0 of the bath. iron. When these conditions are maintained, the method according to the invention allows not only a stable and durable operation of the furnace, but also a production of gas containing a minimal amount of impurities constituted

of sulfur.

  The ratio L / L involving the jet o depression

  must not be less than 0,05 because, in this case, the

  position of the product gas is deteriorating, and the ratio L / L. should also not exceed about 0.15 since in this case it is impossible to prevent the formation of the adhering mass and, in addition, there is an increase in the iron loss of the bath as a result of projections. In general,

  the L / Lo ratio can be adjusted mainly by

  distance of the nozzle (end of the lance)

  on the surface of the iron bath under predetermined conditions.

  of the jet of gasification agent and speed

  coal injection during a running campaign.

  is lying. However, small adjustments can be made by also varying the jet speed of the gasifier and / or the rate of coal injection

in the predetermined range.

  The I / L0 ratio involving the depth of coal penetration depends mainly on the speed

  coal injection, the expression "depth of penetration

  "the depth to which the pulverized solid carbonaceous material enters the iron bath while retaining the particulate (solid) form." The ratio L '/ L0 should not exceed about 0.3, since beyond this value, coal is injected too strongly into

  the iron bath, which leads to an increase in

  in the case of intense gasification, stirring, and the ratio L '/ L. should not fall below about 0.15 because, in this case, the effectiveness

  of desulphurisation decreases, resulting in an increase in

  sulfur in the resulting gas. This lower limit also corresponds to the injection speed of the coal because, at low speed, the coal could not

  penetrate sufficiently into the iron bath, which is

  would lead to a decrease in the yield of gasification

coal.

  In general, in the operation of a conver-

  weaver for steel production, the L / Lo ratio of the

  depth of penetration of the jet of oxygen to the depth

  L0 of the iron bath is determined by the purpose of

  each injection, because the movements of the iron bath affected

  the injection conditions, while the L / L ratio is determined in order to eliminate the

  harmful effect produced by adhering mass during gasification

  coal without affecting other factors affecting

the result.

  The injection speed of the coal is limited to a range of 50 to 300 m / s at the nozzle because, at a slower speed, the sulfur present in the coal is not retained sufficiently in the iron bath and in the slag, and slag formation by the ashes is

  insufficient, while at a higher speed the abra-

  sion of the nozzle increases and the cost of the injection energy

tion is rising significantly.

  During operation, the slag resulting from the coal ash or injection flux increases gradually and accumulates on the iron bath forming a thick layer which floats. The thick slag layer affects the oxygen jet mixture with the iron bath, which decreases the diffusion of the coal in this bath and,

  therefore, the yield of the gasification.

  To solve this problem, the process according to

  The invention provides for the use of stirring means of the iron bath by injecting a stirring gas into this iron bath, that is to say by injecting the stirring gas.

  by means of a nozzle (or several nozzles) which leads to

  che (open) below the level of the iron bath. An injection nozzle at the bottom and / or a nozzle mounted through a side wall, below the level of the bath

  of iron, are used to agitate this bath. Stirring gas

  tion can be an inert gas (for example N2, Ar or other),

  an oxidizing gas (air, oxygen, CO2, etc.) and a hydro-

  carbon (methane, ethane, etc.). This stirring gas may be a conventional gas, namely an injected stirring gas.

  by the bottom. It is preferable that the stirring gas

  hold a large amount of oxidizing gas which tends to prevent the closing of the nozzle. Thus, for example, a gaseous mixture of CO 2 and oxygen, at equal volumes, is

  prefer. The stirring gas is injected at a rate of 0.6

  m3 / h per ton of iron at a gauge pressure of 2 to 8.105 Pa. Under the effect of this injection by the

  In the bottom, the iron bath is agitated and the gasifying agent

  tion, which is injected from the top and thus present in the slag, can establish a greater contact with the bath

11 2495178

  of iron, which increases the efficiency of gasification.

  FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the reactor furnace, the bottom of which comprises stirring nozzles. The nozzles are preferably disposed at the bottom of the furnace, in an area below the region in which the gasifier forms the jet. Bottom or side injection nozzles with holes may be replaced by refractory nozzles

  porous (to produce a bubbler), classic in iron

ogy.

  With regard to the agitation produced by injection

  background, the coal utilization efficiency is about 98% without increasing projections, while

duration.

  The iron bath is maintained substantially at a temperature of 1300 to 16000C, preferably at about 1500'C

  during operation, this temperature in front of

  to be determined by the nature of the slag

  and the carbon content of the iron bath.

  In the absence of such agitation, it is possible to obtain a coal utilization efficiency of about 96%, which is as high as the best yield obtained in the prior art with an L / L0 ratio. higher (see Example 2 of the Japanese Patent Application JA-OS No. 55-89 395, maximum yield of 96.1%, Example 1 indicating a ratio L / L0 between 0.58 and 0.79). To further increase the efficiency of use of the coal, it is possible to use an auxiliary lance such as that described in the aforementioned Japanese application, that is to say to inject water vapor, water, water and water. oxygen or other without coal, on

  the iron bath, in a separate area.

  The speed of the oxygen jet used in the process

  of the invention reaches about Mach 1-3, measured at the

  mite of the nozzle, and the water vapor is injected

Mach 1.

  The carrier gas used for the coal injection comprises oxygen, water vapor, air, nitrogen, argon, Co21 recycled makeup gas, gas combustion in a discharge chamber of the

  produced slag, and coke oven gas.

  The depth L 0 of the iron bath is generally determined according to conventional converter technology, depending on the size and type of furnace to be used. However, in the process of the invention, Lo is between 0.6 and 1.0 meters, preferably between

  0.7 and 0.9 meters for a 15 ton oven.

  According to the invention, it is possible to carry out an additional operation of injecting material or flux forming slag towards the hot point, as described in the aforementioned application No. 55-89395. This flux comprises calcined powdered lime, limestone, calcined dolomite, powder converter slag, fluorine, and anhydrous sodium carbonate as a fluxing agent. The main purpose of slag formation is to absorb or react with sulfur in the coal. This flux can be injected with

  oxygen, water vapor or the carrier gas of the

  good, preferably using the same nozzle as the one

used for coal.

  It is possible to use the general conditions

  implementation of the coal gasification process described in aforementioned Application No. 55-89,395, with the exception of the particular conditions characterizing the

  process according to the invention. Some normal feed rates

  tation have the following values:

  The coal feed rate is about 0.3 tonnes per hour per tonne of melt, the oxygen injection rate is about 610 m3 / h / t of coal; the steam injection rate is about 150 kg / h / t of coal at 300 ° C, at a pressure of 2 to 6.105 Pa; the flux injection rate is about 47 kg / h / t of coal,

  -but this flow may vary according to the nature of the

  good; the feed rates of coal and gasifying agent can be raised to values equal to 4 to 5 times those of normal flow rates. The carbon content

  iron bath is from about 1 to 2% by weight.

  Consequently, the process according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a high utilization efficiency of the coal as well as to suppress the formation of an adhering mass on the upper part of the oven, on the hood or on the lance, by regulating suitably the L / L ratio. of the

  L penetration depth of the jet of the gasifier

  cation at the depth L0 of the iron bath and also adjusting the coal injection rate appropriately, which makes it possible to use a conventional converter type furnace for the gasification of the carbonaceous material

  the process has the great advantage of

  put a long and stable production of gas containing

  a very small amount of sulfur.

  In the following examples, the percentages

  represent ratios by weight, unless otherwise indicated

milked.

Example 1

  15 tons of molten iron (15,000 C, 1.5% C, 15% S, 0.3%) are introduced into a converter furnace, this furnace having a maximum inside diameter (in the plane horizontal) of 2.3 meters, a diameter at its mouth of 1.3 meters, a useful height of 4 meters and an internal volume of 13 m3. Coal (C: 77.6%, H: 4.8%, N: 1.8%, 0: 2.5%, S: 0.8%, ash: 9.6%, H, 0: 2 , 9%) is

  introduced at a rate of 3.5 tonnes / hour in order to be gasified

  fied. A lance such as that shown in Figures 2 and 3 is used for the injection of coal, oxygen and water vapor. The multi-nozzle lance comprises a central nozzle 15.7 mm in diameter, a slot nozzle 3 mm wide, and three peripheral nozzles 12.1 mm in diameter. The coal is injected through the central nozzle at a speed of 200 m / s and at a load rate of 3.5 tonnes / hour. The steam is injected at 1 Mach, at a rate of 400 kg / h, by means of the slit nozzle. The oxygen is injected at a speed between Mach 2 and Mach 3 and at a flow rate of 2000 m3 / h. The ratio L / Lo, involving the depth of penetration of the jet of oxygen,

14 2495178

  is maintained to vary in a range of 0.05 to 0.15 during the entire operation. The ratio I / Lo involving the depth of coal penetration is set in the range of 0.15 to 0.30. The L0 value is 0.85 meters. A continuous operating campaign of 5 days is carried out, under the previous conditions, to gasify the coal. The average composition of the resulting product gas is shown in Table I.

  The average utilization of coal is 96%, without

  additional contribution to increase it.

  Once the operation is completed, the in-

  oven to detect the presence, if any, of a sticky mass on the upper part of the oven

  on the hood and on the spear. No major deposit

  both the pressure setting of the chamber is found.

  On the spear, there is only a slight deposit but not likely to close the nozzles. Only a slight abrasion of these nozzles is observed. The distance between the surface of the iron bath and the end of the lance varies

  from 1400 to 1500 mm during the running campaign.

  Excess slag is discharged from time to time.

TABLE I

  (molar percentages) CO Co 2 H2 N2 02 Total 62.3 2.0 34.1 1.4 0.02 <100 ppm

Example 2

  A flux composed of powdered calcined lime and fluorine is injected using the same nozzle as that used for coal, at flow rates of 150 to 280 kg / h for calcinated powdered lime and from 0 to 40 kg. / h for fluorine. The same conditions as those described in Example 1 are used. The gasification is carried out continuously for 5 days and the

  same results as those obtained in Example 1.

  Control test An operation lasting 5 hours is carried out under the same conditions as those described in Example 1,

  except for the L / Lo ratio and the injection speed

  of the coal which are modified so as to exceed the ranges given in Example 1 to gasify the coal,

  an L / L ratio. classic 0.2 to 0.3 being maintained.

  This ratio range is common in injection operations performed in steel mill converters in which the efficiency of the oxygen decarburization is not decreased. The distance between the surface of the iron bath and the end of the lance is between 850

and 1000 mm.

  After 5 hours of operation under the conditions indicated above, it is necessary to stop the operation due to the presence of an adherent mass deposited on the upper part of the oven, on the hood and on the lance. Therefore, the practical advantages of the method of the invention over the prior art

appear clearly.

Example 3

  An operation is carried out for 5 days, under the same conditions as those of Example 1, with stirring by injection at the bottom, the following way the furnace is equipped with an injection nozzle by the bottom, presenting a orifice 6 mm in diameter and placed at the bottom of the oven. This nozzle is used to inject a gaseous mixture of CO2 and oxygen (in equal volumes), at a pressure of 6-7.105 Pa and at a flow rate of 4-5 m3 / h / t of cast iron. The average composition of the resulting gas is given in Table II. An average coal utilization efficiency of 98% is obtained (average production rate of

gas of 7500 m 3 / h).

  No significant difference from Example 1 is observed with respect to the formation of the adherent mass.

TABLE II

  (Molar percentages) | C | Co2 | H2 | N2 | 02 | Total l 62.5 2.0 33.9 1.4 0.02 <80 ppm

Example 4

  The procedure described in Example 2 is followed, adding the operation described in Example 2. After 5 days of continuous operation, the same results are obtained.

  results than those observed in Example 3.

  It goes without saying that many modifications can be made to the method described and shown

  without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (18)

  1. Process for gasification of a carbonaceous material   solid, in which this solid carbonaceous matter pulverizes   is fed from above into a bath (5) of molten iron contained in an oven (1), by means of a non-submerged lance (4) directed towards a hot spot (10) formed by a jet of a gasification agent containing at least oxygen, this gasification agent being injected by the,   by means of an immersed lance (4), the car-   solid bonée being injected by means of a carrier gas and   a slag forming material (6) being introduced   in the furnace by injection to the hot spot, so that the solid carbonaceous material is gasified, the method being characterized in that the L / LQ ratio of the depth L of the vacuum formed in the molten iron bath to the L0 depth of this molten iron bath is maintained between 0.05 and 0.15, and in that the   injection rate of the solid carbonaceous material is now   held between 50 and 300 m / s to prevent the formation of a sticky mass on the upper part of the oven or on the hood. A method of gasifying a solid carbonaceous material, wherein the pulverized solid carbonaceous material is injected from above onto a bath (5) of molten iron contained in an oven (1) by means of a non-submerged lance ( 4), directed towards a hot spot (10) formed by a jet of a gasification agent containing at least oxygen, this gasification agent being injected from above with the aid of a non-submerged lance (4). ), the solid carbonaceous material being injected with a carrier gas, and a slag-forming material (6) being introduced into the furnace, optionally, in pieces or by injection to the hot spot, so that the material carbonaceous solid is gasified, the method being characterized in that the L / L0 ratio of the depth L of a vacuum formed in the molten iron bath at the depth L0 of this molten iron bath is maintained between 0.05 and 0.15, and in that the injection speed of the material solid cake is maintained between 50 and 300 m / s in order to prevent the formation of an adhesive mass in the furnace, a stirring gas being   injected using at least one nozzle (9) which opens   below the level of the molten iron bath to agitate the latter.   3. Method according to one of claims 1 and 2,   characterized in that the ratio L '/ Lo of the depth L' of penetration of the solid carbonaceous material into the molten iron bath at the depth L. of the molten iron bath is maintained between 0.15 and 0.3.   4. Method according to one of claims 1 and 2,   characterized in that the ratio L / L is set. by changing the distance between the surface of the molten iron bath and the end of a lance (4), or by varying the   speed of the gasification agent.   5. Method according to one of claims 1 and 2,   characterized in that the gasifying agent comprises essentially oxygen or a mixture of oxygen and water vapour.   6. Method according to one of claims 1 and 2,   characterized in that the solid carbonaceous material is coal, coke, pitch, coal tar or mixture of these materials.   7. Method according to one of claims 1 and 2,   characterized in that the solid carbonaceous material is injected   by means of a lance (4) with multiple nozzles (4-1, 4-2,   4-3) which also injects the gasifying agent.   8. Process according to claim 7, characterized in that the solid carbonaceous material is injected by means of   a central nozzle (4-1) of the multi-nozzle nozzle (4)   ple. 9. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the water vapor is injected by means of a nozzle   of the multi-nozzle lance for injecting the good and oxygen.   10. Process according to claim 9, characterized in that the steam is injected by means of a nozzle   (4-2) with annular slot or multiple nozzles (4-3) 1 9 a central nozzle (4-1).   11. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the stirring gas is an inert gas, a gas   oxidant, a hydrocarbon gas or a mixture of these gases.   12. Process according to claim 11, characterized in that the inert gas is nitrogen, argon or a mixture of these gases.   13. Process according to claim 11, characterized in that the oxidizing gas is air, oxygen,   water vapor, CO2 or a mixture of these gases.   14. Process according to claim 11, characterized in that the hydrocarbon gas is gaseous methane,   ethane gas or a mixture of these gases.   15. Process according to claim 11, characterized   in that the stirring gas is injected at a rate of 0.6 m3 / h / t of cast iron.   16. Process according to Claim 2, characterized in that the stirring gas is injected via a nozzle (9) background.   17. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the stirring gas is injected by means of a   nozzle disposed in a side wall of the furnace.   18. Process according to claim 11, characterized in that the stirring gas is a gaseous mixture of CO2 and oxygen.