FR2476447A1 - IMPROVEMENTS TO CLEANERS, CONVEYORS, DEGRENERS AND CALIBRATORS OF VEGETABLES OR FRUIT - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION CONCERNS A MACHINE WITH PARALLEL SHAFTS 1 TO 14, EQUIPPED WITH DISCS WHOSE DISTANCE IS VARIED. IT IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE COMBINATION: A. OF THE SUPPORT OF THE BEARINGS OF SHAFTS 1 TO 14 BY SERIES OF LEVERS 27, 28 CROSSES; B. DRIVING SHAFTS 1 TO 14 BY TWO ENDLESS CHAIN SUCH AS 61 PASSING ALTERNATIVELY ABOVE AND BELOW THE SPROCKETS AT THE ENDS OF EACH SHAFT, EACH OF THEM INCLUDING, ON ONE SIDE, A SPROCKET SHIM AND ON THE OTHER A MAD GEAR; C. V-PROFILE DISCS; D. PROTECTION OF TREE ENDS; E. OF INPUT 45, 46 AND OUTPUT 49 DEFLECTORS ADAPTED TO SHAFT MOVEMENTS. APPLICATION TO THE CLEANING AND SORTING OF POTATOES, IN PARTICULAR.

Description

I 2476447

Technical area.

  The present invention relates to improvements

  cleaning agents, transporters, slicers and sizers of vegetables or fruit, such as potatoes, carrots, onions, chicory, beets, oysters or the like, consisting of parallel trees in the same plane, all rotating in the same direction and bearing discs or gears or equidistant stars, the change of gauge Being mechanically effected by variation and adjustment of the distance between the axes of the shafts, this distance being generally greater and greater from the upstream to the downstream of the machine to let in between the trees

  increasingly larger products, each of the trees,

  held in a frame, being rotated.

Problem.

  This is especially for potatoes, but the problem is similar for the other vegetables or fruits mentioned above or similar fruits, not only to transport them, but to shake them so

  to detach the gangue or the earth and also to calibrate them.

  State of the art and disadvantages.

  This operation is commonly done by

  screens with larger and larger holes and jerks.

  However, they have the disadvantage of being expensive, noisy, unstable, bulky and poor performance because the holes are frequently clogged by some products. It is then necessary to stop the screen and clean it or change the frame, which is long and immobilizes the machine unnecessarily. This results in an increase

cost price.

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  by sprocket which was mentioned above.

  We have also thought of the chain drive but the number of teeth of the gears of each roller coming into contact with the links of the chain is too small

and wear is important.

  The present invention is intended to remedy

to these disadvantages.

Presentation of the invention.

  The calibrator cleaner of the invention is

  mainly by the combination of: a) the support and guidance of the bearings of the shafts by the middle and aligned central joints of two identical series of crossed levers articulated between them at their two ends and in their middle to form a series of X and diamonds deformable simultaneously, the two sets of levers being mechanically connected to move at the same time, it being understood that the first central articulation is fixed to the chassis and that the bearings of the shafts are guided by slides, b) the shafts are driven by two endless chains running alternately above and below gables at the ends of each shaft, each of them having, on one side a pinion wedged on it and on the other, a crazy pinion, the pinions and the set gables alternating on each side of the machine, the left chain passing under the pinion of a tree when the right chain passes over the other e pinion of the same shaft, the movement of the chains ensuring the rotation of the shafts in the same direction, c) discs or toothed wheels or V-shaped stars, d) flexible protection means of the ends of the shafts comprising the bearings, chains and levers, said means being compatible with the movements of the shafts, e) reception and discharge baffles adapted to the movements of the shafts, r) cleaning means or stripper of the space between disks or toothed wheels or stars by a comb with teeth pointing upwards at the same spacings as the discs or stars and moving intermittently from one end to the other of the machine, guided by a parallel slide

  in the plane of the rollers, and controlled by a chain.

  Solution to the problem, benefits and industrial result.

  The device of the invention allows a continuous and uniform adjustment of the spacing between rollers even during operation of the machine. The chain control is reliable and quiet and, despite variations in the course of it, it only needs a small tensioner. Indeed, during the elongation of the device, the bending of the chain is less important and it elongates little *; while during the shortening of the device,

  the chaune traverses zigzags with more pronounced angles.

  On the other hand, the discs in the form of stars or V-shaped discs realize-square openings for the passage of the products, square openings whose sides widen when one discards the trees in the

  meaning of a diagonal of these squares.

  The adaptation to the displacement of the deflector shafts by extensibility of the telescopic device has the advantage of having a fixed feed point

  without modification of the length of work.

  Moreover, as will be seen in more detail

  in the description below and in the claims

  In addition, a device for cleaning the space between disks, wheels or stars is provided to improve the efficiency of the machine. Finally, the separation of the machine into several sections which can be varied the spacing of the rollers of different values allows an accurate variation of the

calibration of products.

  The invention will be better understood by means of

  the following description which gives a nonlimited

  practical realization and which is illustrated by the

Seals drawings.

Brief description of the figures.

  In these drawings Figure 1 is an elevational view of the

  machine with the trees spread to the maximum.

  Figure 2 is an elevational view of the

  same machine with the trees close together.

  Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical section

of the machine.

  Figure 4 is a vertical cross-section

of the machine.

  Figure 5 is a partial plan view of

  two trees with close V-shaped discs.

  Figure 6 is a partial plan view of

  two shafts with discs V-profile spaced apart.

  Figure 7 is a perspective view of the

seems of the machine.

  Figure 8 is a schematic view of the relationship between

  sound of two extreme rollers of two machines of the invention

arranged in series.

  Description of an embodiment

  The machine consists of a number of articles

  parallels, in this case from 1 to 14, but who

  may be reduced or increased and whatever the

  are located in the same plane and all turn in the same direction. On these trees are enfiled disks 15

  V-shaped profile, so that they have an edge 16.

  These discs are advantageously made of elastomer so that their rotation causes shaking of the vegetables

  or the like without damaging them. In Figure 5 we have

  two trees 3, brought close to the maximum so that the edges 16 of the discs 15 of two contiguous trees almost touch each other while in FIG.

  the two trees 2 and 3 spread apart so that the edges 16 -

  are at a certain distance from each other. In the case of FIG. 5, there remain reduced square spaces 17, 18 between the disks 15 while in FIG. 6 there are larger square spaces 19, 20 between the disks 15, the difference in section of the spaces 17 ,

  18 on the one hand, and 19, 20 on the other, allowing the

crushing vegetables or others.

  The rotation of the trees 1 is ensured by a

  gearmotor 21, which controls one of the shafts, the movement

  is communicated to other trees by a kinematic chain which, in the known examples is constituted

by a cascade of gables.

  The assembly is maintained by a frame 22 of which

  struts 23, 24 are recognized.

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  L rant two different calibers on the same machine, thus, two control cranks, and which can be made optionally integral oscillating itself around an axis 36 secured to a support 37 fixed to the spar 23. L oscillation of the rudder 35 is provided by a nut secured to said rudder in which is screwed the threaded end 38 of a crank 39 rotating in a thrust bearing

fixed on the frame 22.

  We understand that the movement of each

  39 is to swing in one direction or the other, one or both pedals 35 by pushing or pulling the connecting rods 29 or 30 which act by themselves on the levers 271 and 281 to, or dismiss the series of levers according arrows 41, 42 (Figure 1), or the next

arrows 43, 44 (Figure 2).

  On the levers 271 is fixed the lower part of the reception baffle on which rests the upper part 46 thereof articulated at 47 at the top of a post

  48 of the chassis 22, giving a fixed point to the power supply.

  20.. An evacuation deflector 49-is fixed on

  the last LeVier 27 directed down the 14 cor-

  responding to the other set of crossed levers.

  It is understood that the rudder system

  connecting rods 29, 30 with their corresponding joints

  dantes coming to the levers 271 and 281 have their correspon-

  laying on the other side of the machine, namely the spreader 351 and the connecting rods 301 and 291 (FIG. 7) whose movements are coordinated by the axis 36 so as to simultaneously move exactly the four sets of crossed levers, such as

  27, 28, supporting the shafts 1 to 14 and moving them parallel

  to each other so that their distance from them

  always be the same or possibly using two flywheels causing two different calibres, on the same machine. Since trees 7 and 8 are fixed, there is an exception for trees which are

does not change.

  There is shown an embodiment with four sets of crossed levers with pedals which are controlled simultaneously but it would be easy to imagine a machine with four sets of crossed levers but where the spacing of the shafts 1 to 7 could be ordered separately from the spacing trees 8 to 14 by a command of two

  cranks such as 39 and with different axes 36.

  It can also be imagined (FIG. 8) to butt two machines 50 and 51 and to connect the last shaft 14 with a disk roller 15 of the machine 50 with the first shaft 52 with rollers of the machine 51 by an endless belt 79 which is held by rollers 53, 54 which becomes the lower run 55 of the band 52 to stretch it by the weight of the tensioning roller 56 which turns freely, a characteristic will now be described.

  essential of the invention machine which concerns the en-

  1 to 14o The shafts 7 and 8 of the machine (FIGS. 3D and 4) have at their end a pinion wedged on them such that 57 is engaged with a pin 58 (FIGS. 1 and 2), although that the synchronous rotation of the two trees

7 and 8 is assured.

  In addition, all other trees 1 to 14

  at one end a pinion such as 59 wedged on the shaft and at the other end, a crazy pinion 60. The odd trees have idle gears on one side of the machine while the even trees have the pinned gables of this same side. It's the opposite on the other side of the machine. Next, on each side of the machine, there is provided an endless chain such as 61 which, on one side of the machine, passes over all the set gears 59 and below all the idle gears 60. on the other side of the machine, another endless cat 62 or a belt that passes under all the set gears of the trees and above all the crazy gears. The chains 61 and 62 thus turn in opposite directions. The chain 61 drives the fixed gears of the trees from above, while the chain 62 drives them.

  from below. They are each maintained at one end

  Moved by a gypsy 63 and, at the other end, by pinion 64 held at the end of an oscillating lever and which is recalled in the direction of the arrows 66, 67 by a spring 68 held around a rod 69 attached to the

  frame 22, the assembly serving as tensioner to the chain.

  Thanks to this arrangement, all the shafts 1 to 14 turn in the same direction. In addition, they can be separated from each other by two extreme positions

  which are shown in Figures 1 and 2. In fact, the

  deur constituted by the pinion 64, the lever 65, the spring 68 and the rod 69 oscillate only very little between the extreme positions; the chains 61 and 62 bend less in the position of Figure 1 than in that of Figure 2 so that the distance between the gypsy 63 and the pinion 64 is larger in Figure 1 that in the figure

11 2476447

  2. The lower return strand of each warp 61, 62

  is supported by a slider 70.

  This training of the shafts 1 to 14 is very regular and is done without noise especially if one uses endless chains 61, 62 with rollers whose technique is well mastered notably in the motorcycles. However,

  this training device is not exclusive and we

  would use belts that could work

  in good conditions if we could avoid slipping

  said belts on the pulleys replacing the

  gables wedged on the trees 1 to 14.

  In any case, the mechanism is protected, outwards, by protective casings 71, 72, (FIG. 7) and, on the side of the inside of the machine, by bibs

  73, 74 which are oblique and flexible, for example in rubber

  bunch> and 'which are fixed above the trees with the walls

  , 76 of the trough formed by the machine. The extré-

  lower mites 73, 74 lightly touching trees

  1 to 14 and the end discs they support.

  The machine is used for cleaning, transporting and sizing of all kinds of vegetables, such as potatoes, carrots, onions, endives, beetroots and others. It can also be used for the same purpose with regard to fruits and even seafood, for example oysters. Since the discs 15 are made of elastomer, it often happens that vegetables or fruits

  come trapped between the flanks of two of these disks.

  It is therefore necessary to provide a device for the removal of these fruits and the cleaning of the machine. Thus, the cleaning of the space between, is carried out, and it is necessary to use the following method: Tos nqoejjae eaaze nad 5z e.Jql ': o ap, uaeme2uqo él' auTqoDm eamaUm e, eo ans, uae9JjTP

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13 2476447

Claims (5)

CLAIMS / Improvements to cleaners, transporters, slicers and sizers of vegetables or fruits, such as potatoes, carrots, onions, chicory, beet-eaters, oysters or the like, consisting of parallel trees i to 14 in the same plane , all rotating in the same direction and carrying discs or toothed wheels or stars 15 equi-distant, the desired caliber being obtained by changing the distance between the axes of the shafts, this distance being generally larger and larger upstream downstream of the machine for passing between the shafts of increasingly larger products, each of the shafts 1 to 14, maintained in a frame 22, being rotated, characterized by the combination: a) bearing and guiding the bearings 25, 26 of the shafts i to 14 by the central and aligned central hinges of two identical series of crossed levers 27, 28 articulated to each other at their two ends and at the ends medium to form a series of X and deformable lozenges simultaneously, the two series of levers 27, 28 being mechanically connected to move at the same time, or with two flywheels, to move independently, it being understood that the first articulation The median is fixed to the frame 22 and the shafts 1 to 14 are guided by slideways 77, 78, b) from the shafts 1 to 14 by two endless chains 61, 62 passing alternatively above and below. sprockets 59, 60 at the ends of each shaft, each of these having, on one side a pinion wedged on it 59 and, on the other, a idler gear 60, the idle gears 60 and the wedged pinions 59 alternating with each On the machine side, the left chain passes under the pinion of a shaft when the right chain passes over the other pinion of the same shaft, the movement of the chains 61, 62 ensuring the rotation of the chain. trees 1 to 14 in the same direction, c) discs or wheels toothed or V-shaped star 15, d) flexible protection means of the ends of the shafts 1 to 14 comprising the bearings, chains and levers, said means being compatible with the movements of the shafts, e) receiving deflectors 45, 46 and evacuation 49 adapting to the displacements of the shafts 1 to 14, f) means for cleaning the space between disks or toothed wheels or stars 15 by a comb with teeth pointing upwards at the same spacings as the discs or stars 15 and moving periodically from one end to the other of the machine, guided by a slide parallel to the plane of the rollers.   2 / Machine as defined in the claim   cation 1, characterized in that the two sets of crossed levers 27, 28 are controlled at their non-fixed ends, each by a rod 29, 30 connected to an oscillating rod, these two rods being keyed on a spindle actuated in rotation by an adjusting control which lengthens or shortens the series of levers 27, 28   discarding or moving trees 1 to 14 closer together.   Machine, as defined in the   2, which is caused by the fact that the two sets of levers 27, 28 are doubled by two other symmetrical series which extend from the center of the machine. 2476447   4 / Machine as defined in the claim   cation 3, characterized in that the four sets of levers are controlled simultaneously by the same central axis on which are wedged two spreaders 35 at the end of which are articulated rods 29, 30 hinged themselves 31, 31, 2 at their other ends   on the ends of the series of levers 271, 281.    Machine as defined in claim 3, characterized in that the two pairs of articulated cross lever sets 27, 28 are separately controlled to vary the distance separately. between the trees.   / Machine, as defined in any one   Claim 3 to 5, c a r a c e r e   in that the two contiguous shafts corresponding to the first median joints of the series of levers 271, 281 attached to the frame 22 are connected in rotation by gears and chain, one of these shafts being controlled by rotation by gearmotor 21.   70 / Machine as defined in the claim   cation 1, it is justified by the fact that the protec-   The drives and the guiding of the shafts are provided by oblique flexible flaps 73, 74 fixed above the shafts on the walls 75, 76 of the chute dominating them and floating on the disks, toothed wheels or stars. side of them.   8 / Machine, as defined in the claim   tion 1, it is a consequence of the fact that the deflec-   receiver is in two superimposed parts, a lower part 45 obliquely fixed to the last levers 16 -2476447   271 series of articulated levers 27, 28,   and another upper portion 46, suspended by a hinge   tion 47 at the top of the frame 22 and based on the part lower 45.   9 / Machine, as defined in claim 5, characterized in that it comprises successively more than two pairs of series of crossed levers 27, 28 articulated whose extreme rollers downstream of the first pair and upstream the second couple in particular,   are connected by an endless belt 79 with an upper strand sensi-   horizontally and with a lower strand tensioner roller. 56.