EP0034980A1 - Cleaners, conveyors, graders and classifiers for vegetables or fruits - Google Patents
Cleaners, conveyors, graders and classifiers for vegetables or fruits Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0034980A1 EP0034980A1 EP81400245A EP81400245A EP0034980A1 EP 0034980 A1 EP0034980 A1 EP 0034980A1 EP 81400245 A EP81400245 A EP 81400245A EP 81400245 A EP81400245 A EP 81400245A EP 0034980 A1 EP0034980 A1 EP 0034980A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shafts
- machine
- levers
- series
- discs
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/12—Apparatus having only parallel elements
- B07B1/14—Roller screens
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
- B07B1/4609—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens constructional details of screening surfaces or meshes
- B07B1/4636—Regulation of screen apertures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to improvements in cleaners, transporters, ginners and calibrators of vegetables or fruits, such as potatoes, carrots, onions, endives, beets, oysters or the like, consisting of parallel trees in the same plane, all rotating in in the same direction and carrying equidistant discs or cogwheels or stars, the change in size being effected mechanically by varying and adjusting the distance between the axes of the shafts, this distance generally being greater and greater from upstream to 'downstream of the machine to let between products larger and larger products, each of the trees, held in a frame, being driven in rotation.
- Transporter cleaners have been proposed, the center distance of the rollers of which can vary with a gear wheel control device in which the intermediate pinions can rise on the perpendicular bisector of the segment separating two axes of the consecutive rollers. This is achieved by V-shaped levers or even crossing levers.
- V-shaped levers or even crossing levers we come back to the disadvantage of the pinion drive which was mentioned above.
- the present invention is intended to remedy these drawbacks.
- the device of the invention allows a continuous and uniform adjustment of the spacing between rollers even during operation of the machine.
- the chain drive is reliable and silent and, despite the variations in its travel, only a small tensioner is needed. Indeed, during the elongation of the device, the bending of the chain is less important and it elongates little; while during the shortening of the device, the chain traverses zigzags at more pronounced angles.
- the star-shaped discs or V-shaped discs make square openings for the passage of products, square openings whose sides enlarge when the trees are spread in a diagonal direction. these squares.
- Adapting the movement of the deflector shafts by extending the telescopic device has the advantage of having a fixed feed point without modifying the length of work.
- the machine consists of a number of parallel shafts, in this case, from 1 to 14, but which can be decreased or increased and whatever the quantities, are located in the same plane and all rotate in the Same direction.
- On these shafts are threaded discs 15 with a V profile, so that they have an edge (16).
- These discs are advantageously made of elastomer so that their rotation causes the vegetables or the like to be shaken without damaging them.
- FIG. 5 two trees (2, 3) have been shown as close together as possible so that the edges (16) of the discs (15) of two adjoining trees almost touch each other while in FIG. 6 the two trees have been represented (2 and 3) separated so that the edges (16) are at a certain distance from each other.
- FIG. 5 two trees (2, 3) have been shown as close together as possible so that the edges (16) of the discs (15) of two adjoining trees almost touch each other while in FIG. 6 the two trees have been represented (2 and 3) separated so that the edges (16) are at a certain distance from each other.
- the rotation of the shafts (1) is ensured by a geared motor (21), which controls one of the shafts, the movement being communicated to the other shafts by a kinematic chain which, in the known examples, consists of a cascade of pinions.
- the assembly is held by a chassis (22), of which the side members are recognized at (25), (24).
- a first characteristic of the invention consists in the fact that the bearings such as (25), (26) of the shafts (1) to (14) are supported and guided by the central median articulations and aligned levers inclined relatively to the right and to the left such as (27) and ( 28). Each of these levers is articulated at its end to the neighboring lever inclined in the other direction.
- This arrangement of equal levers articulated in the middle part and at the ends is very old and is sometimes known as the "Nuremberg chisel". This arrangement forms a series of equal deformable diamonds, all of which therefore have the same diagonals.
- each of the shafts (1) to (7), on the one hand and (8) to (14), on the other hand, which form part of two different lever systems is always the same and varies between a maximum distance shown in Figure 1 and a minimum distance shown in Figure 2.
- Each set of levers (27, 28) includes a fixed point which are the axes of the shafts ( 7), (8) and a lever which moves with the greatest) amplitude which is, on the one hand, the lever (271) and, on the other hand, the lever (281).
- the shafts (1) to (14) are held in the same plane by guiding between slides (77), (78).
- the levers (271) and (281) are separated or brought closer by a system of connecting rods (29), (30) articulated in (31), 5 (32) respectively with the levers (271), (2ôl) and in (33) , (34) to a lifting beam (35) (which can be doubled ensuring two different calibers on the same machine, therefore two control cranks, and which can be made possibly integral) oscillating itself around a axis (36) integral with a support (37) fixed to the beam (23).
- the oscillation of the lifter (35) is ensured by a nut integral with said lifter in which is screwed the threaded end (3S) of a crank (39) rotating in a thrust bearing (40) fixed on the frame (22).
- each crank (39) oscillates in one direction or the other, one or two spreaders (35) by pushing or pulling the rods (29) or (30) which act themselves on the levers (271) and (281) to either remove the series of levers according to the arrows (41, 42) ( Figure 1), or bring them together according to the arrows (43, 44) ( Figure 2).
- a discharge deflector (49) is fixed on the last lever (27) directed towards the bottom of the shaft (14) corresponding to the other series of crossed levers.
- the shafts (7) and (8) of the machine ( Figures 3 and 4) have at their end a pinion wedged on them such that (57) which is engaged with a chain (58) ( Figure 1 and Figure 2) so that the synchronous rotation of the two shafts (7) and (8) is ensured.
- all the other shafts (1) to (14) have at one end a pinion such as (59) wedged on the tree and at the other end, a idler pinion (60). Odd shafts have idler gears on one side of the machine while even shafts have idler gears on that same side. It is the opposite on the other side of the machine.
- an endless chain such as (61) which, on one side of the machine, passes over all of the fixed pinions (59) and below all of the idlers (60).
- an endless chain (62) or a belt which passes beneath all of the propelled sprockets of the shafts and above all of the idler sprockets.
- the chains (61) and (62) therefore rotate in opposite directions.
- the chain (61) drives the fixed sprockets of the shafts from above, while the chain (62) drives them from below. They are each held at one end by a gypsy (63) and, at the other end, by a pinion (64) held at the end of an oscillating lever (65) and which is recalled in the direction of the arrows ( 66, 67) by a spring (68) held around a rod (69) attached to the chassis (22), the assembly serving as a chain tensioner.
- This drive of the shafts (1) to (14) is very regular and is done without noise, especially if endless chains (61), (62) with rollers are used, the technique of which is well mastered, in particular in motorcycles.
- this drive device is not exclusive and one could use belts which could function in good conditions if one could avoid the sliding of said belts on the pulleys replacing the pinions wedged on the shafts (1) to (14) .
- the mechanism is protected towards the outside by protective casings (71), (72) (FIG. 7) and, on the inside of the machine, by flaps (73), (74) which are oblique and flexible, for example of rubber, and which are fixed above the shafts to the walls (75), (76) of the chute formed by the machine.
- the lower end of the flaps (73), (74) touches the shafts (1) to (14) and the end discs (15) which they support.
- the machine is used for cleaning, transport and calibration all kinds of vegetables, such as potatoes, carrots, onions, endives, beets or others. It can also be used for the same purpose with regard to fruit and even seafood, for example oysters.
- the space between discs or stars is therefore cleaned by a comb comprising as many teeth directed upwards as there are spaces between the discs (15) and the spacing of which corresponds precisely to the spacing of said discs. spaces.
- This comb is held on slides parallel to the plane of the rollers so as to be able to move parallel to itself and parallel to the shafts (1) to (14), under these so that the teeth of the comb are introduced between the disc spaces (15).
- Each end of the comb, near its slide, is main-) held by an endless chain returned, at each end of the machine, by a pinion wedged on two shafts. The rotation of these shafts, in one direction then in the other, displaces the chains and the comb from one end to the other of the machine in both directions while carrying out the planned cleaning.
- the machine can be composed of several successive groups of rotary rotary shafts (1) to (14), each group being adjusted for a different rating on this same machine.
- the caliber change can be carried out either independently of the other groups, or mechanically and simultaneously.
Landscapes
- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
- Harvesting Machines For Root Crops (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne des perfectionnements aux nettoyeurs, transporteurs, dégrenailleurs et calibreurs de légumes ou fruits, tels que pommes de terre, carottes, oignons, endives, betteraves, huitres ou analogues, constitués d'arbres parallèles dans un même plan, tournant tous dans le même sens et portant des disques ou roues dentées ou étoiles équidistantes, le changement de calibre s'effectuant mécaniquement par variation et réglage de la distance entre les axes des arbres, cette distance étant généralement de plus en plus grande de l'amont vers l'aval de la machine pour laisser passer entre les arbres des produits de plus en plus gros, chacun des arbres, maintenu dans un châssis, étant entraîné en rotation.The present invention relates to improvements in cleaners, transporters, ginners and calibrators of vegetables or fruits, such as potatoes, carrots, onions, endives, beets, oysters or the like, consisting of parallel trees in the same plane, all rotating in in the same direction and carrying equidistant discs or cogwheels or stars, the change in size being effected mechanically by varying and adjusting the distance between the axes of the shafts, this distance generally being greater and greater from upstream to 'downstream of the machine to let between products larger and larger products, each of the trees, held in a frame, being driven in rotation.
Il s'agit, en particulier pour les pommes de terre, mais le problème est similaire pour les autres légumes ou fruits indiqués ci-dessus ou les fruits similaires, non seulement de les transporter, mais de les secouer afin d'en détacher la gangue ou la terre et aussi de les calibrer.This is, in particular for potatoes, but the problem is similar for the other vegetables or fruits indicated above or similar fruits, not only to transport them, but to shake them in order to detach the gangue or the earth and also to calibrate them.
Cette opération se fait couramment par des cribles à trous de plus en plus grands et animés de secousses. Cependant, ceux-ci ont l'inconvénient d'être onéreux, bruyants, instables, encombrants et d'avoir un mauvais rendement du fait que les trous s'obstruent fréquemment par certains produits. Il faut alors arrêter le crible et le nettoyer ou alors changer le cadre, ce qui est long et immobilise la machine inutilement. Il en résulte une augmentation du prix de revient.This operation is commonly done by screens with increasingly large holes and shaken. However, these have the disadvantage of being expensive, noisy, unstable, bulky and of having a poor yield because the holes are frequently obstructed by certain products. It is then necessary to stop the screen and clean it or else change the frame, which is long and immobilizes the machine unnecessarily. This results in an increase in the cost price.
Il existe aussi des dispositifs nettoyeurs et élévateurs constitués d'une série de rouleaux parallèles, dans le même plan, entraînés dans le même sens de rotation, et qui comportent parfois des disques ou roues dentées en matériau élastique qui provoque des trépidations pour secouer les produits (voir le brevet FR 2 168 572, notamment). L'écartement des rouleaux réalise le calibrage en laissant échapper entre eux les produits dont la dimension le permet. Il suffit de disposer plusieurs nettoyeurs calibreurs du même type à entraxes de rouleaux croissants pour réaliser le calibrage. L'inconvénient est que ces nettoyeurs calibreurs ont un entraxe fixe et que, pour changer de calibre, il faut démonter toutes les fixations des arbres rotatifs et faire des réglages d'alignement et d'écartement, sujets à des erreurs, mais aussi à une grandeperte de temps.There are also cleaning and lifting devices made up of a series of parallel rollers, in the same plane, driven in the same direction of rotation, and which sometimes include discs or toothed wheels made of elastic material which causes vibrations to shake the products. (see
Par ailleurs, l'entraînement des différents rouleaux de ces nettoyeurs calibreurs se fait par une cascade d'engrenages qui sont bruyants et dont la longévité est limitée du fait qu'ils sont soumis à la pollution des produits que l'on nettoie mais aussi parce que les premiers engrenages doivent assurer la transmission des suivants, ce qui leur cause une très grande fatigue, donc une usure rapide.Furthermore, the drive of the different rollers of these calibrator cleaners is done by a cascade of gears which are noisy and whose longevity is limited because they are subject to pollution from the products which are cleaned but also because that the first gears must ensure the transmission of the following, which causes them very great fatigue, therefore rapid wear.
En outre, il existe des dispositifs de réglage de l'écartement des axes des rouleaux constitués de cames oscillantes autour d'un axe médian à course proportionnellement croissante au fur et à mesure que l'on s'éloigne dudit axe (brevet australien 468 224). Les dispositifs de cames ou rainures sont difficilement applicables avec des produits pollués comme les pommes de terre accompagnées de terre, celle-ci pouvant venir coincer le fonctionnement desdites cames.In addition, there are devices for adjusting the spacing of the axes of the rollers made up of camshaft cams. lantes around a median axis with a proportionally increasing stroke as one moves away from said axis (Australian patent 468,224). Cam devices or grooves are difficult to apply with polluted products such as potatoes accompanied by soil, the latter being able to jam the operation of said cams.
On a proposé des nettoyeurs transporteurs dont l'entraxe des rouleaux peut varier avec un dispositif de commande par roue dentée dans lequel les pignons intermédiaires peuvent s'élever sur la médiatrice du segment séparant deux axes des rouleaux consécutifs. Ceci est obtenu par des leviers en forme de V ou même des leviers qui se croisent. On rejoint ici l'inconvénient de l'entraînement par pignon qui a été mentionné ci-dessus.Transporter cleaners have been proposed, the center distance of the rollers of which can vary with a gear wheel control device in which the intermediate pinions can rise on the perpendicular bisector of the segment separating two axes of the consecutive rollers. This is achieved by V-shaped levers or even crossing levers. Here we come back to the disadvantage of the pinion drive which was mentioned above.
On a aussi pensé à l'entraînement par chaîne mais le nombre de dents des pignons de chaque rouleau entrant en contact avec les maillons de la chaîne est trop réduit et l'usure est importante.We have also thought of chain drive but the number of sprocket teeth on each roller coming into contact with the chain links is too low and wear is high.
La présente invention est destinée à remédier à ces inconvénients.The present invention is intended to remedy these drawbacks.
Le nettoyeur calibreur de l'invention est caractérisé principalement par la combinaison :
- a) du support et du guidage des paliers des arbres par les articulations centrales médianes et alignées de deux séries identiques de leviers croisés articulés entre eux à leurs deux extrémités et en leur milieu pour former une série de X et de losanges déformables simultanément, les deux'séries de leviers étant reliées mécaniquement pour se mouvoir en même temps, étant entendu que la première articulation médiane est fixée au châssis et que les paliers. des arbres sont guidés par des glissières,
- b) de l'entraînement des arbres par deux chaînes sans fin passant alternativement au-dessus et au-dessous de pignons aux extrémités de chaque arbre, chacun de ceux-ci comportant, d'un côté un pignon calé sur lui et de l'autre, un pignon fou, les pignons fous et les pignons calés alternant de chaque côté de la machine, la chaîne de gauche passant sous le pignon d'un arbre quand la chaîne de droite passe au-dessus de l'autre pignon du même arbre, le mouvement des chaînes assurant la rotation des arbres dans le même sens, .
- c) de disques ou roues dentées ou étoiles à profil en V,
- d) de moyens de protection souples des extrémités des arbres comprenant les roulements, chaînes et leviers, lesdits moyens étant compatibles avec les déplacements des arbres,
- e) de déflecteurs de réception et d'évacuation s'adaptant aux déplacements des arbres,
- f) d'un moyen de nettoyage ou débourreur de l'espace entre disques ou roues dentées ou étoiles par un peigne à dents dirigées vers le haut aux mêmes écartements que les disques ou étoiles et se déplaçant par intermittence d'un bout à l'autre de la machine, guidé par une glissière parallèle au plan des rouleaux, et commandé par une chaîne.
- a) supporting and guiding the bearings of the shafts by the central and aligned central articulations of two identical series of crossed levers articulated together at their two ends and in their middle to form a series of X and deformable diamonds simultaneously, the two series of levers being mechanically connected to move at the same time, it being understood that the first median articulation is fixed to the chassis and that the bearings. trees are guided by slides,
- b ) of the drive of the trees by two endless chains passing alternately above and below pinions at the ends of each tree, each of these comprising, on one side a pinion wedged on it and other, a idler sprocket, idler sprockets and stalled sprockets alternating on each side of the machine, the left chain passing under the sprocket of a tree when the right chain passes over the other sprocket of the same tree , the movement of the chains ensuring the rotation of the trees in the same direction,.
- c) V-shaped discs or gears or stars,
- d) flexible means for protecting the ends of the shafts comprising the bearings, chains and levers, said means being compatible with the displacements of the shafts,
- e) reception and evacuation deflectors adapting to the movement of the trees,
- f ) a means of cleaning or cleaning the space between discs or toothed wheels or stars by a comb with teeth directed upwards at the same spacings as the discs or stars and moving intermittently from one end to the another of the machine, guided by a slide parallel to the plane of the rollers, and controlled by a chain.
Le dispositif de l'invention permet un réglage continu et uniforme de l'écartement entre rouleaux même en cours de fonctionnement de la machine. La commande par chaîne est fiable et silencieuse et, malgré les variations de parcours de celle-ci, il n'est besoin que d'un tendeur peu important. En effet, lors de l'allongement du dispositif, la flexion de la chaîne est moins importante et elle s'allonge peu ; alors qu'au cours du raccourcissement du dispositif, la chaîne parcourt des zigzags à angles plus prononces.The device of the invention allows a continuous and uniform adjustment of the spacing between rollers even during operation of the machine. The chain drive is reliable and silent and, despite the variations in its travel, only a small tensioner is needed. Indeed, during the elongation of the device, the bending of the chain is less important and it elongates little; while during the shortening of the device, the chain traverses zigzags at more pronounced angles.
D'un autre côté, les disques en forme d'étoiles ou disques à profil en V réalisent des ouvertures carrées pour le passage des produits, ouvertures carrées dont les côtés s'agrandissent quand on écarte les arbres dans le sens d'une diagonale de ces carrés.On the other hand, the star-shaped discs or V-shaped discs make square openings for the passage of products, square openings whose sides enlarge when the trees are spread in a diagonal direction. these squares.
L'adaptation au déplacement des arbres des déflecteurs par extensibilité du dispositif télescopique présente l'avantage d'avoir un point d'alimentation fixe sans modification de la longueur de travaux.Adapting the movement of the deflector shafts by extending the telescopic device has the advantage of having a fixed feed point without modifying the length of work.
'Par ailleurs, comme on le verra plus en détail dans la description ci-après ainsi que dans les revendications, on prévoit un dispositif de nettoyage de l'espace.entre disques, roues ou étoiles pour améliorer l'efficacité de la machine.Furthermore, as will be seen in more detail in the description below as well as in the claims, there is provided a device for cleaning the space between discs, wheels or stars to improve the efficiency of the machine.
Enfin, la séparation de la machine en plusieurs sections dont on peut faire varier l'écartement des rouleaux de valeurs différentes permet une variation précise du calibrage des produits.Finally, the separation of the machine into several sections which can vary the spacing of the rollers of different values allows a precise variation of the cali brage of products.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description suivante qui en donne un exemple non limitatif de réalisation pratique et qui est illustré par les dessins joints.The invention will be better understood using the following description which gives a non-limiting example of practical implementation and which is illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Dans ces dessins :
- La figure 1 est une vue en élévation de la machine avec les arbres écartés au maximum ;
- La figure 2 est une vue en élévation de la même machine avec les arbres rapprochés au maximum ;
- La figure 3 est une coupe verticale longitudinale de la machine ;
- la figure 4 est une coupe transversale verticale de la machine ;
- La figure 5 est une vue en plan partiel de deux arbres avec des disques à profil en V rapprochés ;
- La figure 6 est une vue en plan partiel de deux arbres avec disques à profil en V écartés.;
- La figure 7 est une vue en perspective de l'ensemble de la machine ; ,
- La figure 6 est une vue schématique de la liaison de deux rouleaux extrêmes de deux machines de l'invention disposées en série.
- Figure 1 is an elevational view of the machine with the shafts apart at maximum;
- Figure 2 is an elevational view of the same machine with the shafts closer together;
- Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical section of the machine;
- Figure 4 is a vertical cross section of the machine;
- Figure 5 is a partial plan view of two shafts with close V-shaped discs;
- Figure 6 is a partial plan view of two shafts with discs with spaced V-profiles .;
- Figure 7 is a perspective view of the whole machine; ,
- Figure 6 is a schematic view of the connection of two end rollers of two machines of the invention arranged in series.
La machine se compose d'un certain nombre d'arbres parallèles, dans ce présent cas, de 1 à 14, mais qui peut être diminué ou augmenté et quelles qu'en soient les quantités, sont situés dans un même plan et tournent tous dans le même sens. Sur ces arbres sont enfilés des disques 15 à profil en V, si bien qu'ils présentent une arête (16). Ces disques sont avantageusement constitués en élastomère si bien que leur rotation provoque un secouage des légumes ou similaires sans les détériorer. A la figure 5 on a représenté deux arbres (2, 3) rapprochés au maximum si bien que les arêtes (16) des disques (15) de deux arbres contigus se touchent presque tandis qu'à la figure 6 on a représenté les deux arbres (2 et 3) écartés si bien que les arêtes (16) sont à une certaine distance les unes des autres. Dans le cas de la figure 5, il subsiste des espaces carrés (17), (18) réduits entre les disques (15) tandis qu'à la figure 6 il subsiste des espaces carrés (19), (20) plus grands entre les disques (15), la différence de section des espaces (17), (18) d'une part, et (19), (20) d'autre part, permettant le calibrage des légumes ou autres.The machine consists of a number of parallel shafts, in this case, from 1 to 14, but which can be decreased or increased and whatever the quantities, are located in the same plane and all rotate in the Same direction. On these shafts are threaded
La rotation des arbres (1) est assurée par un motoréducteur (21), qui commande l'un des arbres, le mouvement étant communiqué aux autres arbres par une chaîne cinématique qui, dans les exemples connus, est constituée par une cascade de pignons.The rotation of the shafts (1) is ensured by a geared motor (21), which controls one of the shafts, the movement being communicated to the other shafts by a kinematic chain which, in the known examples, consists of a cascade of pinions.
L'ensemble est maintenu par un châssis (22) dont on reconnaît des longerons en (25), (24).The assembly is held by a chassis (22), of which the side members are recognized at (25), (24).
L'ensemble de ce qui vient d'être décrit est connu et ne fait pas partie de l'invention au contraire de la combinaison des moyens qui va maintenant,être décrite plus en détail.All of what has just been described is known and does not form part of the invention, unlike the combination of means which will now be described in more detail.
Une première caractéristique de l'invention consiste dans le fait que les paliers tels que (25), (26) des arbres (1) à (14) sont supportés et guidés par les articulations centrales médianes et alignées de leviers inclinés relativement à droite et à gauche tels que (27) et (28). Chacun de ces leviers est articulé à son extrémité au levier voisin incliné dans l'autre sens. Cette disposition de leviers égaux articulés dans la partie médiane et aux extrémités est très ancienne et elle est parfois connue sous le nom de "ciseau de Nuremberg". Cette disposition forme une suite de losanges déformables égaux et qui ont tous, par conséquent, les mêmes diagonales. Il en résulte que sous la déformation de ce dispositif à leviers, la distance entre chacun des arbres (1) à (7), d'une part et (8) à (14), d'autre part, qui forment partie de deux systèmes de leviers différents, est toujours la même et varie entre une distance maximum représentée à la figure 1 et une distance minimum représentée à la figure 2. Chaque série de leviers (27, 28) comprend un point fixe qui sont les axes des arbres (7), (8) et un levier qui se déplace avec la plus grande )amplitude qui est, d'une part, le levier (271) et, d'autre part, le levier (281). Les arbres (1) à (14) sont maintenus dans un même plan par guidage entre des glissières (77), (78). Les leviers (271) et (281) sont écartés ou rapprochés par un système de bielles (29), (30) articulées en (31), 5(32) respectivement aux leviers (271), (2ôl) et en (33), (34) à un palonnier (35) (pouvant être doublé assurant deux calibres différents sur la même machine, de ce fait, deux manivelles de commande, et qui peuvent être rendus éventuellement solidaires) oscillant lui-même autour d'un axe (36) solidaire d'un support (37) fixé au longeron (23). L'oscillation du palonnier (35) est assurée par un écrou solidaire dudit palonnier dans lequel se visse l'extrémité filetée (3S) d'une manivelle (39) tournant dans un palier butée (40) fixé sur le châssis (22).A first characteristic of the invention consists in the fact that the bearings such as (25), (26) of the shafts (1) to (14) are supported and guided by the central median articulations and aligned levers inclined relatively to the right and to the left such as (27) and ( 28). Each of these levers is articulated at its end to the neighboring lever inclined in the other direction. This arrangement of equal levers articulated in the middle part and at the ends is very old and is sometimes known as the "Nuremberg chisel". This arrangement forms a series of equal deformable diamonds, all of which therefore have the same diagonals. It follows that under the deformation of this lever device, the distance between each of the shafts (1) to (7), on the one hand and (8) to (14), on the other hand, which form part of two different lever systems, is always the same and varies between a maximum distance shown in Figure 1 and a minimum distance shown in Figure 2. Each set of levers (27, 28) includes a fixed point which are the axes of the shafts ( 7), (8) and a lever which moves with the greatest) amplitude which is, on the one hand, the lever (271) and, on the other hand, the lever (281). The shafts (1) to (14) are held in the same plane by guiding between slides (77), (78). The levers (271) and (281) are separated or brought closer by a system of connecting rods (29), (30) articulated in (31), 5 (32) respectively with the levers (271), (2ôl) and in (33) , (34) to a lifting beam (35) (which can be doubled ensuring two different calibers on the same machine, therefore two control cranks, and which can be made possibly integral) oscillating itself around a axis (36) integral with a support (37) fixed to the beam (23). The oscillation of the lifter (35) is ensured by a nut integral with said lifter in which is screwed the threaded end (3S) of a crank (39) rotating in a thrust bearing (40) fixed on the frame (22).
On comprend que le mouvement de chaque manivelle (39) fasse osciller dans un sens ou dans l'autre, l'un ou les deux palonniers (35) en poussant ou en tirant les bielles (29) ou (30) qui agissent d'elles-mêmes sur les leviers (271) et (281) pour, soit écarter les séries de leviers suivant les flèches (41, 42) (figure 1), soit les rapprocher suivant les flèches (43, 44) (figure 2).It is understood that the movement of each crank (39) oscillates in one direction or the other, one or two spreaders (35) by pushing or pulling the rods (29) or (30) which act themselves on the levers (271) and (281) to either remove the series of levers according to the arrows (41, 42) (Figure 1), or bring them together according to the arrows (43, 44) (Figure 2).
Sur les leviers (271) est fixée la partie inférieure (45) du déflecteur de réception sur laquelle repose la partie supérieure (46) de celui-ci articulée en (47) en haut d'un montant (48) du châssis (22), donnant un point fixe à l'alimentation.On the levers (271) is fixed the lower part (45) of the receiving deflector on which rests the upper part (46) thereof articulated at (47) at the top of an upright (48) of the chassis (22) , giving a fixed point to the feed.
Un déflecteur d'évacuation (49) est fixé sur le dernier levier (27) dirigé vers le bas de l'arbre (14) correspondant à l'autre série de leviers croisés.A discharge deflector (49) is fixed on the last lever (27) directed towards the bottom of the shaft (14) corresponding to the other series of crossed levers.
Il est bien entendu que le système de palonnier (35) de bielles (29), (30) avec leurs articulations correspondantes venant aboutir aux leviers (271) et (281) ont leur correspondant de l'autre côté de la machine, à savoir le palonnier (351) et les bielles (301) et (291) (figure 7) dont les mouvements sont coordonnés par l'axe (36) de façon à déplacer simultanément exactement les quatre séries de leviers croisés, tels que (27), (28), supportant les arbres (1) à (14) et les déplaçant parallèlement les uns aux autres de façon à ce que leur écartement soit toujours le même ou éventuellement à l'aide de deux volants provoquant deux calibres différents, sur la même machine. Comme les arbres (7) et (8) sont fixes, il y a donc une exception en ce qui concerne ceux-ci dont l'écartement ne change pas.It is understood that the spreader system (35) of connecting rods (29), (30) with their corresponding articulations coming to end with the levers (271) and (281) have their correspondent on the other side of the machine, namely the lifter (351) and the connecting rods (301) and (291) (Figure 7) whose movements are coordinated by the axis (36) so as to simultaneously move exactly the four sets of levers crossed, such as (27), (28), supporting the shafts (1) to (14) and moving them parallel to each other so that their spacing is always the same or possibly using two flywheels causing two different calibers, on the same machine. As the shafts (7) and (8) are fixed, there is therefore an exception with regard to which the spacing does not change.
On a représenté une réalisation avec quatre jeux de leviers croisés avec palonniers qui sont commandés simultanément mais il serait facile d'imaginer une machine avec quatre jeux de leviers croisés mais où l'écartement des arbres (1) à (7), pourrait être commandé séparément de l'écartement des arbres (8) à (14) par une commande de deux manivelles telles que (39) et avec des axes (36) différents.There is shown an embodiment with four sets of crossed levers with spreaders which are controlled simultaneously but it would be easy to imagine a machine with four sets of crossed levers but where the spacing of the shafts (1) to (7), could be controlled separately from the spacing of the shafts (8) to (14) by controlling two cranks such as (39) and with different axes (36).
On peut aussi imaginer (figure 8) de mettre bout à bout deux machines (50) et (51) et de relier le dernier arbre (14) avec rouleau à disque (15) de la machine (50) avec le premier arbre (52) avec rouleaux de la machine (51) par une bande sans fin (79) qui est maintenue par des rouleaux (53), (54) qui dévient le brin inférieur (55) de la bande (52) pour le tendre grâce au poids du rouleau tendeur (56) qui tourne librement.One can also imagine (Figure 8) to end up two machines (50) and (51) and to connect the last shaft (14) with disc roller (15) of the machine (50) with the first shaft (52 ) with machine rollers (51) by an endless band (79) which is held by rollers (53), (54) which deflect the lower strand (55) of the band (52) to tension it thanks to the weight the tension roller (56) which rotates freely.
On va maintenant décrire une caractéristique essentielle de la machine de l'invention qui concerne l'entraînement des arbres (1) à (14).We will now describe an essential characteristic of the machine of the invention which relates to the drive of the shafts (1) to (14).
Les arbres (7) et (8) de la machine (figures 3 et 4) comportent à leur extrémité un pignon calé sur eux tel que (57) qui est en prise avec une chaîne (58) (figure 1 et figure 2) si bien que la rotation synchrone des deux arbres (7) et (8) est assurée.The shafts (7) and (8) of the machine (Figures 3 and 4) have at their end a pinion wedged on them such that (57) which is engaged with a chain (58) (Figure 1 and Figure 2) so that the synchronous rotation of the two shafts (7) and (8) is ensured.
En outre, tous les autres arbres (1) à (14) comportent à un bout un pignon tel que (59) calé sur l'arbre et à l'autre bout, un pignon fou (60). Les arbres impairs ont les pignons fous sur un côté de la machine tandis que les arbres pairs ont les pignons calés de ce même côté. C'est l'inverse sur l'autre côté de la machine. On prévoit ensuite, de chaque côté de la machine, une chaîne sans fin telle que (61) qui, d'un côté de la machine, passe au-dessus de tous les pignons calés (59) et en dessous de tous les pignons fous (60). On prévoit, de l'autre côté de la machine, une autre chaîne sans fin (62) ou une courroie qui passe en-dessous de tous les pignons calés des arbres et au-dessus de tous les pignons fous. Les chaînes (61) et (62) tournent donc en sens inverse. La chaîne (61) entraîne les pignons fixes des arbres par le dessus, tandis que la chaîne (62) les entraîne par le dessous. Elles sont maintenues chacune à une extrémité par un barbotin (63) et, à l'autre extrémité, par un pignon (64) maintenu à l'extrémité d'un levier oscillant (65) et qui est rappelé dans le sens des flèches (66, 67) par un ressort (68) maintenu autour d'une tige (69) attachée au châssis (22), l'ensemble servant de tendeur à la chaîne.In addition, all the other shafts (1) to (14) have at one end a pinion such as (59) wedged on the tree and at the other end, a idler pinion (60). Odd shafts have idler gears on one side of the machine while even shafts have idler gears on that same side. It is the opposite on the other side of the machine. There is then provided, on each side of the machine, an endless chain such as (61) which, on one side of the machine, passes over all of the fixed pinions (59) and below all of the idlers (60). On the other side of the machine, there is another endless chain (62) or a belt which passes beneath all of the propelled sprockets of the shafts and above all of the idler sprockets. The chains (61) and (62) therefore rotate in opposite directions. The chain (61) drives the fixed sprockets of the shafts from above, while the chain (62) drives them from below. They are each held at one end by a gypsy (63) and, at the other end, by a pinion (64) held at the end of an oscillating lever (65) and which is recalled in the direction of the arrows ( 66, 67) by a spring (68) held around a rod (69) attached to the chassis (22), the assembly serving as a chain tensioner.
Grâce à cette disposition, tous les arbres (1) à (14) tournent dans le même sens. En outre, on peut les écarter les uns des autres suivant deux positions extrêmes qui sont représentées aux figures 1 et 2. En fait, le tendeur consti- tué par le pignon (F4), le levier (65), le ressort (68) et la tige (69) n'oscillent que très peu entre les positions extrêmes ; les chaînes (61) et (62) fléchissent moins dans la position de la figure 1 que dans celle de la figure 2 si bien que la distance entre le barbotin (63) et le pignon (64) est plus grande dans la figure 1 que dans la figure 2. Le brin inférieur de retour de chaque chaîne (61), (62) est supporté par une glissière (70).Thanks to this arrangement, all the shafts (1) to (14) rotate in the same direction. In addition, they can be separated from one another according to two extreme positions which are shown in Figures 1 and 2. In fact, the tensioner Consti- t ated by the pinion (F4), the lever (65), the spring (68) and the rod (69) only oscillate very little between the extreme positions ; the chains (61) and (62) flex less in the position of figure 1 than in that of figure 2 so that the distance between the gypsy (63) and the pinion (64) is greater in figure 1 than in Figure 2. The lower return strand of each chain (61), (62) is supported by a slide (70).
Cet entraînement des arbres (1) à (14) est très régulier et se fait sans bruit surtout si l'on utilise des chaînes sans fin (61), (62) à rouleaux dont la technique est bien maitrisée notamment dans les motocycles. Toutefois, ce dispositif d'entraînement n'est pas exclusif et on pourrait utiliser des courroies qui pourraient fonctionner dans de bonnes conditions si on pouvait éviter le glissement desdites courroies sur les poulies remplaçant les pignons calés sur les arbres (1) à (14).This drive of the shafts (1) to (14) is very regular and is done without noise, especially if endless chains (61), (62) with rollers are used, the technique of which is well mastered, in particular in motorcycles. However, this drive device is not exclusive and one could use belts which could function in good conditions if one could avoid the sliding of said belts on the pulleys replacing the pinions wedged on the shafts (1) to (14) .
De toute façon, le mécanisme est protégé, vers l'extérieur, par des carters de protection (71), (72), (figure 7) et, du côté de l'intérieur de la machine, par des bavettes (73), (74) qui sont obliques et souples, par exemple en caoutchouc, et qui sont fixées au-dessus des arbres aux parois (75), (76) de la goulotte constituée par la machine. L'extrémité inférieure des bavettes (73), (74) effleure les arbres (1) à (14) et les disques (15) d'extrémité qu'ils supportent.In any case, the mechanism is protected towards the outside by protective casings (71), (72) (FIG. 7) and, on the inside of the machine, by flaps (73), (74) which are oblique and flexible, for example of rubber, and which are fixed above the shafts to the walls (75), (76) of the chute formed by the machine. The lower end of the flaps (73), (74) touches the shafts (1) to (14) and the end discs (15) which they support.
La machine sert au nettoyage, au transport et au calibrage de toutes sortes de légumes, tels que des pommes de terre, des carottes, des oignons, des endives, des betteraves ou autres. Elle peut servir aussi au même usage en ce qui concerne les fruits et même les fruits de mer, par exemple les huîtres. Les disques (15) étant en élastomère, il arrive fréquemment que des légumes ou fruits viennent se coincer entre les flancs de deux de ces disques. Il faut donc prévoir un dispositif d'élimination de ces fruits et de nettoyage de la machine.The machine is used for cleaning, transport and calibration all kinds of vegetables, such as potatoes, carrots, onions, endives, beets or others. It can also be used for the same purpose with regard to fruit and even seafood, for example oysters. The disks (15) Elastomer, sometimes en équemment as vegetables or fruits become jammed between the flanks of two of these drives. It is therefore necessary to provide a device for eliminating these fruits and cleaning the machine.
On réalise donc le nettoyage de l'espace entre disques ou étoiles par un peigne comprenant autant de dents dirigées vers le haut qu'il y a d'espaces entre les disques (15) et dont l'écartement correspond précisément à l'écartement desdits espaces. Ce peigne est maintenu sur des glissières parallèles au plan des rouleaux de manière à pouvoir se déplacer parallèlement à lui-même et parallèlement aux arbres (1) à (14), sous ceux-ci pour que les dents du peigne s'introduisent entre les espaces des disques (15). Chaque extrémité du peigne, à proximité de sa glissière, est main- )tenue par une chaîne sans fin renvoyée, à chaque bout de la machine, par un pignon calé sur deux arbres. La rotation de ces arbres, dans un sens puis dans l'autre, déplace les chaînes et le peigne d'un bout à l'autre de la machine dans les deux sens en effectuant le nettoyage prévu. La >rotation des arbres de commande du peigne peut s'effectuer par une manivelle à la main suivant les besoins nécessaires. En effet, la fréquence du coinçage des fruits ou légumes entre les disques (15) dépend de la récolte. Ce dispositif n'a pas été représenté dans les dessins car il est simple à comprendre par l'homme de l'art.The space between discs or stars is therefore cleaned by a comb comprising as many teeth directed upwards as there are spaces between the discs (15) and the spacing of which corresponds precisely to the spacing of said discs. spaces. This comb is held on slides parallel to the plane of the rollers so as to be able to move parallel to itself and parallel to the shafts (1) to (14), under these so that the teeth of the comb are introduced between the disc spaces (15). Each end of the comb, near its slide, is main-) held by an endless chain returned, at each end of the machine, by a pinion wedged on two shafts. The rotation of these shafts, in one direction then in the other, displaces the chains and the comb from one end to the other of the machine in both directions while carrying out the planned cleaning. > The rotation of the comb control shafts can be carried out by a hand crank as required. Indeed, the frequency of wedging of fruit or vegetables between the discs (15) depends on the harvest. This device has not been shown in the drawings because it is simple to be understood by those skilled in the art.
Il faut signaler que la machine peut être composée de plusieurs groupes successifs d'arbres parallèles rotatifs (1) à (14), chaque groupe étant réglé pour un calibre différent sur cette même machine. Le changement de calibre peut être effectué soit indépendamment des autres groupes, soit effectué mécaniquement et simultanément.It should be noted that the machine can be composed of several successive groups of rotary rotary shafts (1) to (14), each group being adjusted for a different rating on this same machine. The caliber change can be carried out either independently of the other groups, or mechanically and simultaneously.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8004394A FR2476447A1 (en) | 1980-02-22 | 1980-02-22 | IMPROVEMENTS TO CLEANERS, CONVEYORS, DEGRENERS AND CALIBRATORS OF VEGETABLES OR FRUIT |
FR8004394 | 1980-02-22 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0034980A1 true EP0034980A1 (en) | 1981-09-02 |
EP0034980B1 EP0034980B1 (en) | 1983-12-21 |
Family
ID=9239079
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP81400245A Expired EP0034980B1 (en) | 1980-02-22 | 1981-02-18 | Cleaners, conveyors, graders and classifiers for vegetables or fruits |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0034980B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3161674D1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2476447A1 (en) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL1008218C2 (en) * | 1998-02-05 | 1999-08-06 | Visser S Gravendeel Holding | Adjustable sieve device. |
EP0773070B2 (en) † | 1996-09-18 | 2002-07-24 | Machinefabriek Bollegraaf Appingedam B.V. | A waste paper sorting conveyor for sorting waste paper from waste cardboard |
US6702104B2 (en) | 2000-04-18 | 2004-03-09 | Machinefabriek Bollegraaf Appingedam B.V. | Conveyor for conveying bulk material |
GB2505520A (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2014-03-05 | Matthew Crowley | Belt anti-wrapping system |
CN105173133A (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2015-12-23 | 赵东明 | Grading packaging machine of integrated sorting machine for potatoes and other underground tuber crops |
DE102015104719A1 (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-09-29 | Halbach & Braun Industrieanlagen Gmbh & Co. | screening |
CN109351612A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-02-19 | 安徽屹翔滤材有限公司 | A kind of screen stencil sheet being easy to change aperture |
CN111974670A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-24 | 孟轲 | Waste steel slag recovery treatment equipment and use method thereof |
CN112403876A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-02-26 | 田秋 | Solid waste treatment equipment with separation screening function |
CN112517380A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-19 | 湖州数越智能科技有限公司 | Electrically controlled type graded screening device for wood leftover materials |
CN113428463A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-24 | 付国忠 | Multi-industry fusion intelligent easy-to-hurt water pipe fruit selection and subpackage platform |
CN115138551A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-10-04 | 南通博精机械制造有限公司 | Chemical material screening device for chemical industry |
Families Citing this family (2)
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CN106612810A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-05-10 | 东北农业大学 | Inclined wide-narrow row pot seedling transplantation mechanism |
CN109455533B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2024-02-23 | 登封市启明轩程控设备有限公司 | Discharge device and transversely moving discharge mechanism comprising same |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2168572A1 (en) * | 1972-01-21 | 1973-08-31 | Obermaier Paul |
-
1980
- 1980-02-22 FR FR8004394A patent/FR2476447A1/en active Granted
-
1981
- 1981-02-18 EP EP81400245A patent/EP0034980B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-02-18 DE DE8181400245T patent/DE3161674D1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2168572A1 (en) * | 1972-01-21 | 1973-08-31 | Obermaier Paul |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0773070B2 (en) † | 1996-09-18 | 2002-07-24 | Machinefabriek Bollegraaf Appingedam B.V. | A waste paper sorting conveyor for sorting waste paper from waste cardboard |
NL1008218C2 (en) * | 1998-02-05 | 1999-08-06 | Visser S Gravendeel Holding | Adjustable sieve device. |
US6702104B2 (en) | 2000-04-18 | 2004-03-09 | Machinefabriek Bollegraaf Appingedam B.V. | Conveyor for conveying bulk material |
GB2505520A (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2014-03-05 | Matthew Crowley | Belt anti-wrapping system |
DE102015104719A1 (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-09-29 | Halbach & Braun Industrieanlagen Gmbh & Co. | screening |
CN105173133A (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2015-12-23 | 赵东明 | Grading packaging machine of integrated sorting machine for potatoes and other underground tuber crops |
CN109351612A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-02-19 | 安徽屹翔滤材有限公司 | A kind of screen stencil sheet being easy to change aperture |
CN111974670A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-24 | 孟轲 | Waste steel slag recovery treatment equipment and use method thereof |
CN112403876A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-02-26 | 田秋 | Solid waste treatment equipment with separation screening function |
CN112517380A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-19 | 湖州数越智能科技有限公司 | Electrically controlled type graded screening device for wood leftover materials |
CN113428463A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-24 | 付国忠 | Multi-industry fusion intelligent easy-to-hurt water pipe fruit selection and subpackage platform |
CN113428463B (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2022-07-22 | 沅江兴农机械制造有限公司 | Multi-industry fusion intelligent easy-to-hurt fruit selection and subpackage platform |
CN115138551A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-10-04 | 南通博精机械制造有限公司 | Chemical material screening device for chemical industry |
CN115138551B (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2024-03-01 | 南通博精机械制造有限公司 | Chemical material sieving mechanism for chemical industry |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2476447B1 (en) | 1983-07-22 |
DE3161674D1 (en) | 1984-01-26 |
FR2476447A1 (en) | 1981-08-28 |
EP0034980B1 (en) | 1983-12-21 |
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