FR2463237A1 - Monolithic wall building unit - has track guided concrete supply unit with electric vat hoist, and swivelling form jaws on discharge belt - Google Patents

Abstract

A frame on a track-bound chassis has vertical guide-rails for a trolley with a support frame attached on one side. It carries a feed container and a concrete vat to supply concrete to this. One or booms (7), with electrically driven movable hoist appliance (9) for the vat, are mounted on the main frame. The container (6) on the support frame (4) is funnel-shaped, and has a belt round its discharge aperture. Jaws (16,17) for shaping are oriented along the wall being erected, on the opposite lengthways sections of the belt, swivel drives and fixing devices (22) for these being located on the container. Simple construction permits continuous concrete supply and shaping in the course of erection of walls of varying cross-section and poured in multiple lengthways layers.

Description

The present invention, due to BEZHANOV Tigran Vladimirovich, RCHENLISHVILI Edisher Georgievich, GOGISVANIDZE Georgy
Yakovlevich, KIKNADZE Nodar Alexeevich, BEZHANOV Vladimir Artemovich, CHIRGADZE Rudzher Nikolaevich, TSKHOVREBADZE Georgy
Shalvovich, PDDRUSHNYAK Vladimir Ivanovich, concerns devices used in civil engineering, to make walls cast on the spot in concrete or reinforced concrete.

The invention can advantageously be applied to the production by on-site casting of counterwalls and retaining walls of banks (including those having a variable cross section or an overhanging prism), as well as double walls.

 The expression “overhanging prism” is understood here to mean the volume of the inclined part of a wall lying between the conventional vertical plane (shown in broken lines in FIG. 5) passing through the apex of the obtuse internal angle (0 () formed by the inclined surface of the wall contacting the terrain and the base of the wall or of each of its layers.

At present, to make the walls poured in place on concrete, a sliding formwork is generally used comprising formwork panels suspended from a decking The decking, suspended from jacks, moves uphill, following the vertical bars of the jacks , and carries with it the decking and the formwork panels.

However, the use of such a device faces significant difficulties. To make the working decking with a farm, formwork panels on both sides of the wall of the interior and exterior suspended floors around the entire perimeter of the wall to be made, and to make the canopy of the exterior form of the formwork, it is necessary to have 'a large amount of building materials. The assembly and disassembly of these elements requires significant time and many workers and the operation of the device requires a large number of servants.

All this reduces the efficiency and the continuity of the wall construction process and increases the cost.

A device is known for producing walls poured on site from concrete or reinforced concrete, comprising a motor-carriage on rails, on which is installed an elevator with guides for moving a carriage with a chassis in door-to-door false, on which a concrete hopper tank is placed. This device also includes a formwork in the form of vibrating panels which rise successively along the line of the wall, the concrete being poured between these panels.

Concrete is prepared on site or brought by a vehicle, for example a truck, then loaded from a hopper into a bucket, using which it is poured into the tank placed on the chassis false.

Such a device makes it possible to mechanize part of the frameworks for making vertical concrete walls poured on site for industrial buildings.

However, in practice, it is necessary to produce inclined counterwalls of variable cross section, with two or three layers depending on the thickness, with the use of concretes of different strengths, as well as to coat the surface of the slope to protect them against the action of ambient temperature and against the spraying of atmospheric precipitation with water.

Very often, it turns out to be necessary to build walls within tight deadlines and in cramped sites, in particular in the mountains or in the coastal zone, with concrete brought by sea, by truck or by rail.

However, in all known cases, the production of walls using known devices is long (of the order of three meters in height per 24 hours), and expensive, since the wall is produced in successive parts, the linear dimensions are determined by the corresponding dimensions of the vibrating panels.

The vibrating panels are first placed in two rows, then the concrete is poured between them, after which the vibrating panels are slowly moved along the wall in progress, and then this cycle of operations is repeated.

 Furthermore, the known devices do not meet the increasingly stringent requirements governing the production of cast-in-place walls of concrete and reinforced concrete on the right, of various shapes.

The main object of the invention is to remedy the drawbacks indicated above, of the above known devices.

 The object of the invention is therefore to provide a device for the production of walls poured in situ out of concrete or reinforced concrete, in which the means for placing and molding the concrete, during the production of the wall, would be of a design such that it would make the device more economical than those proposed to date for similar uses, that it would allow the continuous and accelerated construction of walls of various cross sections, that it would eliminate the costs of construction materials and labor for the manufacture of the formwork, and that it would make unnecessary the use of workers for assembly and disassembly.

The device according to the invention, for the production of cast-in-place walls of concrete or reinforced concrete, comprises a motor carriage on rails on which is installed an elevator with guides for the vertical displacement of a carriage, to which is fixed in overhang a frame carrying a concrete supply capacity, a bucket being provided for bringing the concrete to said capacity, the above device being characterized in that the elevator comprises at least one arm with a bearing hoist the bucket bringing the concrete to the supply capacity, which is provided to converge with an unloading orifice surrounded by a belt on the opposite longitudinal portions of which are articulated cheeks of molding oriented along the wall to be produced, these cheeks being equipped , on the one hand, of actuators fixed to the converging capacity by supports allowing their rotation and, on the other hand, of organs for their positioning at an angle corresponding to that of the surfaces sides of the wall to be made.

Such a device according to the invention makes it possible to produce concrete or reinforced concrete walls without using formwork.

 The converging capacity and the molding cheeks allow the placement and retention of concrete for the realization of the wall during its shaping. The cheek rotation actuators and the members positioning said cheeks give the possibility of making walls with a straight section decreasing in the ascending direction, or inclined towards the backfill side. The indicated shape of the capacity unloading hole and the shape of the belt are conditioned by the need to fix the molding cheeks, so that they are oriented along the lateral surfaces of the wall to be produced.

 Each of the members for positioning the molding cheeks can be produced in the form of a curved flat iron fixed to the corresponding cheek, and having holes drilled in the longitudinal direction of said cheek, these holes being placed in coincidence during the displacements, with holes drilled in a bar which is integral with the belt and provided with a retaining part.

Such an embodiment of the positioning members makes them simple and reliable. It also allows the molding cheeks to be placed at the angles prescribed by the concrete wall or reinforced concrete project.

 The actuator, for the rotation of each of the molding cheeks, relative to the fixing articulations, can be a hydraulic cylinder whose rod is articulated on the molding cheek.

 The use of hydraulic cylinders as actuators for the rotation of the molding cheeks is advantageous, because their design is simple and their operation is convenient.

It is advantageous that the device forming the object of the invention be provided with a mechanism making it possible to vary the distance between the molding cheeks and comprising a horizontal operating screw fixed to the belt and a nut secured to the carrying support one of said molding cheeks and its rotation actuator.

Such a mechanism will allow to change the distance between the molding cheeks and, thus, to modify the thickness of the wall in progress, in accordance with the project.

 I1 is desirable that the enclosure of the converging capacity is divided by at least one vertical longitudinal partition oriented along the wall to be produced.

 The presence of a vertical partition in the converging capacity will allow the wall to be made simultaneously with two different kinds of concrete.

 For example, the facing can be made of high strength concrete, and the back of less resistance concrete.

In this case, the concrete of high resistance will form a protective layer resistant to spraying and will increase the longevity of the wall, and the concrete of less resistance used to make the back of the wall will allow savings in cement.

Ultimately, thanks to the invention, the construction operations of a wall are reduced because the wall and its facing are made simultaneously and the different concretes bond together in a monolithic block during hardening, the longevity of the wall s' by finding increased.

 It is advantageous that each of the portions of the belt arranged transversely with respect to the wall to be produced is provided with a projection oriented downwards, and having dimensions sufficient to form a groove along the longitudinal axis of the wall to be produced.

 Such a projection forms, in the layer of the poured wall, a groove which is embedded by the poured concrete during the production of the next layer of the wall. We thus obtain an embedding in the joint plane between the successive layers according to the height of the wall, which strengthens the connection of the layers together.

 Molding cheeks and / or protrusions can be produced on the active surface which will form an architectural ornament on one or both sides of the wall facing during its construction.

 It is also advantageous to mount the converging capacity on a motor carriage moving on rails placed transversely with respect to the wall on the cantilever frame, this mounting method making it possible to move the capacity and the molding cheeks in the horizontal direction. when building inclined walls or when building walls at different distances from the elevator.

I1 is preferable to fix the convergent capacity on the motor carriage on rails using vertical operating screws, and to provide in the carriage a sufficient opening for the passage of the convergent capacity.

Such a fixing of the capacity will allow its vertical displacement and its descent below the level of the frame fixed in cantilever, to the level of the base of the wall during the concreting of the base of the wall.

It is advantageous for one of the arms mounted on the elevator to be made long enough to allow the container to be filled with concrete supplied by a means of transport on the side of a seaway.

The device thus produced will make it possible to sink walls in cramped sites, especially in the mountains.

To illustrate the above arrangements, a description will now be given of preferred, but not limiting, embodiments of the invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which
FIG. 1 schematically represents the assembly of a device according to the invention
FIG. 2 represents, on a larger scale, the convergent capacity with the partition, the belt, the actuators for moving the molding cheeks and the members for positioning these days
Figure 3 shows, seen from above, the converging capacity with its molding cheeks
FIG. 4 represents a molding cheek with an architectural ornament on its active surface, the cheek being shown in cross section by a vertical plane along the height of said cheek
Figure 5, finally, represents, seen from the side, an inclined wall with an overhanging prism.

 The device illustrated in FIG. 1, for producing walls poured on site in concrete or in reinforced concrete, comprises a motor carriage 1 mounted on rails, on which an elevator 2 is disposed with guides (not shown in the drawings) for vertical movement a carriage 3, to which is fixed a cantilever a chassis 4. On the chassis 4 are placed transversely ~, relative to the wall, rails (not shown in the drawings), on which a motor carriage 5 carrying a convergent concrete capacity 6 (Figures 2 and 3). On the elevator 2 are mounted two arms 7 and 8 with a hoist 9 to which is suspended a bucket 10 bringing the concrete into the converging capacity 6.

The unloading orifice 11 (FIG. 3) of the convergent capacity 6 is surrounded by a belt 12 (FIG. 2), the two longitudinal portions 13 and 14 (FIG. 3) of which carry articulations 15 for fixing molding days 16 and 17
(Figure 2) oriented along the wall to be made 18 (Figure 1).

To ensure the rotation of the molding cheeks 16 and 17
(Figure 2) relative to their joints 15, there are provided hydraulic cylinders 19 whose rods 20 are articulated
on cheeks 16 and 17 respectively. The cylinders 19 are fixed by supports 21 to the converging capacity 6 and to the belt
12. To ensure the positioning of cheeks 16 and 17 at the angles
corresponding to those of the lateral surfaces to be molded from the wall 18, members 22 (fig. 2) are provided, each of which comprises a curved flat iron 23 and a bar 24 having respectively
holes 25 and 26 for the engagement of a retaining part 27 when these holes are in coincidence.

The molding cheeks 16 and 17 may comprise for their rotation, in place of the hydraulic cylinders 19, pneumatic cylinders or any other actuating member of known design.

To produce a wall 18 having a variable thickness, the device according to the invention comprises a mechanism 28 (fig.

2) for the spacing or approximation of the molding cheeks 16 and 17 by varying the distance between these cheeks in the horizontal direction. The mechanism 28-comprises an operating screw 29 fixed to the belt 12 and arranged horizontally. The screw 29 cooperates with a nut 30 which is integral with the support 21 carrying the molding cheek 16 and its hydraulic cylinder 19 for rotation.

If the wall 18 is made in a housing estate and it is desirable to adorn its facing, one can use a cheek 16 (Figure 4) on the active surface of which are made recesses and / or projections suitable for producing an architectural ornament 31 during molding.

 If the converging capacity 6 (FIG. 2) includes a vertical longitudinal partition 32, the wall 18 can be constructed using for the facing a different concrete in strength and / or in color. One can also provide a number of partitions 32, oriented longitudinally with respect to the wall 18, equal to or greater than two.

The transverse portions 33 of the belt 12 (FIG. 2) or the transverse walls of the convergent capacity 6 can in all cases have projections 34 (FIG. 3) oriented downwards and having sufficient dimensions to form a groove which will be then filled with concrete from the overlying layer. This will give a recess 35 (fig.

5) linking the concrete layers in the wall 18 to be produced.

 In FIG. 5, the portion of wall constituting in each of its layers an overhang prism is delimited by broken lines and has the shape of a triangle whose apex is directed downwards.

The width of the groove forming the recess 35 can be modified according to the height of the layers of the wall, using the mechanism 28 for spacing and bringing together the molding cheeks 16 and 17. For this purpose, the transverse portions 33 of the belt 12 are made double and sliding in the transverse direction.

 For the concreting of the base of the wall, the device which is the subject of the invention comprises vertical maneuvering screws 36 (FIG. 1) by means of which the converging capacity 6 is fixed to the motor carriage 5 which must then have an opening (not shown in the drawings), sufficient for the passage of the converging capacity 6.

 The device according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of walls in cramped sites, in the mountains or on a coast (shore), in particular when the concrete can be brought either to the side of the mainland by a vehicle 37 or to the side maritime transport 38.

 To increase its stability, the elevator 2 is equipped with a counterweight 39.

 The device according to the invention, for producing walls poured on site from concrete or reinforced concrete, operates in the following way.

To concrete the base of the wall, the carriage 3 (fig. 1) carrying the chassis 4 with the converging capacity 6 is lowered to a low position located near the base of the elevator 2.

 In addition, the convergent capacity 6 is made to descend, along the vertical operating screws 36, into the opening of the carriage 5. With the vertical operating screws 36, the converging capacity 6 can be lowered below the zero dimension of the running rails, of a value which can reach and even exceed two meters, for example, for concreting the foundation of the wall to be made.

 Depending on site conditions, the concrete is brought by land using a vehicle 37 and transferred using the arm 7, or by water using a means of transport 38, in which case it is transferred using the arm 8, in the bucket 10 which then pours it into the convergent capacity 6. Once the concreting below the zero dimension is completed, the convergent capacity 6 is raised using the maneuvering screws vertical 36.

The carriage 1 moves along the wall 18 to be produced, which is thus molded, in horizontal layers, with the concrete which is poured, as indicated above, by the bucket 10 into the converging capacity 6. The portion of wall located at above its foundation is limited by the molding cheeks 16 and 17, each of which is placed in the position corresponding to the angle of inclination of the side considered of the wall 18 to be produced and retained in this position by the positioning members 22 If the wall to be produced is vertical and of constant thickness, the molding cheeks 16 and 17 will be arranged in a vertical position and no change of this position will be necessary during the casting of the wall, this case corresponding to the mode of simplest application of the device.

Once the space between the molding cheeks 16 and 17 and the foundation layer is replaced by the concrete, the translation mechanism of the motor carriage 1 is started to move the device along the wall 18 to be produced and, simultaneously, as in the known methods, vibrators are used (not shown in the drawings) to cause the tightening of each layer of concrete. During the movement of the device along the wall, the projections 34 made on the transverse portions 33 of the belt 12 form, in the upper part of the concrete layer, a groove along the longitudinal axis of the wall 18 (Figure 5). When the motor carriage 1 rolling on its rails reaches the end of its travel, its motor is stopped by a limit switch (not shown in the drawings). Then, the carriage 3 is reassembled and the motor carriage 1 is brought back to its initial position for pouring the second layer of concrete. When the motor carriage 1 reaches the initial point of its travel, an end-of-travel switch stops it at the required initial position. Then, the layer pouring cycle is repeated until a wall of the prescribed height is obtained. During the pouring of each overlying layer, the concrete fills the groove of the underlying layer and constitutes a robust recess 35 (FIG. 5) between the successive layers of concrete, making it possible to produce not only vertical walls 18, but also inclined walls 18.

 If it is necessary to build an inclined wall, as shown in Figure 5, with an overhanging prism, to cast the lower layer, spread the mold cheeks 16 and 17 using the mechanism 28 formed by the screw 29 and the nut 30. Then, using the hydraulic cylinders 19, each of the cheeks 16 and 17 is placed at the angle corresponding to the value prescribed by the project for the corresponding side of the wall 18 (FIG. 5 ) and they are blocked in this position using the member 22 (FIG. 2), engaging the retaining piece 27 in the holes 25 and 26, placed in coincidence, of the plate 23 and the bar 24. In this case too, the motor carriage 1 moves on its rails along the wall and a groove is formed in the upper part of the first layer of concrete.

 After stopping the carriage 1 by the limit switch, the carriage 3 is raised to the prescribed height, which can be ensured using known automation systems, then the carriage 1 is returned to its initial position in which it stops.

The position of the molding cheeks 16 and 17 must then be modified, in agreement with the thickness that the wall must have at this height, or in agreement with the overhang prism. The pouring cycle of the concrete layers of the wall to be produced is thus repeated as before, but for each layer, the convergent capacity 6 must be moved in an appropriate manner with the carriage 3 and its chassis 4, or else on the rails of the chassis 4 using the trolley 5. All of this gives the device the maneuverability necessary for the construction of walls of different thicknesses and inclines.

 If you build a counter wall, one of the molding cheeks, in fact the one on the back of the wall, will remain in an upright position, while the other cheek, molding the facing of the wall, may be tilted. If the facing cheek has an active surface provided with appropriate projections and decntx, it will print on the facing an architectural ornament 31. One can then supply one of the compartments, separated by the vertical partition 32 in the enclosure of the convergent capacity 6, with reinforced concrete or another color. In the first case, we can lower the price of building the wall and increase its resistance and, in the second case, we can give a better appearance to the wall.

Tests on a test bat showed that the device according to the invention made it possible to produce walls in the case of automation of the operations of the casting process.

 As is obvious, and as already follows from the foregoing, the invention is in no way limited to those of its modes of application, no more than to those of the embodiments of its various parts, having been more specifically envisaged; on the contrary, it embraces all its variants.

Claims (10)

1. Device for the production of walls poured on site in concrete or reinforced concrete, comprising a motor carriage on rails on which an elevator is installed with guides for the vertical displacement of a carriage to which is fixed in overhang a chassis carrying a concrete supply capacity, a bucket being provided for bringing the concrete to said capacity, the above-mentioned device being characterized in that the elevator comprises at least one arm with a hoist carrying the bucket bringing the concrete at the supply capacity, which is provided to converge with an unloading orifice surrounded by a belt on the opposite longitudinal portions of which are articulated cheeks of molding oriented along the wall to be produced, these cheeks being equipped with on the one hand, of actuators fixed to the converging capacity by supports allowing their rotation and, on the other hand, of organs for their positioning at an angle corresponding to that of the lateral surfaces of the wall to achieve. 2. Device according to claim-1, characterized in that each of the members for positioning the molding cheeks is produced in the form of a curved plate fixed to the corresponding cheek and having holes drilled in the longitudinal direction of the cheek, these holes being placed in coincidence, during movement, with holes drilled in a bar which is integral with the belt and provided with a retaining part.  3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator provided for the rotation of each of the molding cheeks, relative to the articulations ensuring their fixing, is a hydraulic jack whose rod is articulated on the corresponding cheek. 4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with a mechanism making it possible to modify the distance between the molding cheeks, this mechanism comprising a horizontal operating screw fixed to the belt of the supply capacity in concrete and a nut secured to the support carrying one of said molding cheeks and its rotation actuator. 5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the enclosure of the convergent capacity is divided by at least one longitudinal vertical partition oriented along the wall to be produced. 6. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the portions of the belt arranged transversely relative to the wall to be produced is provided with a projection oriented downwards and having dimensions sufficient to form a groove along the longitudinal axis of the wall to be made. 7. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the active surface of at least one of the molding cheeks has recesses and / or protrusions which form an architectural ornament on the-facing of the wall. 8. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the converging capacity is mounted on a motor carriage moving on rails placed transversely to the wall on the cantilever frame. 9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the converging capacity is fixed on the motor carriage on rails by means of vertical operating screws, and that a sufficient opening is provided in the carriage for the passage of the capacity. convergent.  10. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the arms mounted on the elevator is made long enough to allow the filling of the bucket with concrete supplied by a means of transport on the side of a seaway.