FR2459378A1 - Centrifugal governor for kaplan water turbine - uses masses acted on by centrifugal force to alter blade angle and to provide overspeed braking - Google Patents

Centrifugal governor for kaplan water turbine - uses masses acted on by centrifugal force to alter blade angle and to provide overspeed braking Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2459378A1
FR2459378A1 FR7915875A FR7915875A FR2459378A1 FR 2459378 A1 FR2459378 A1 FR 2459378A1 FR 7915875 A FR7915875 A FR 7915875A FR 7915875 A FR7915875 A FR 7915875A FR 2459378 A1 FR2459378 A1 FR 2459378A1
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turbine according
kaplan turbine
centrifugal
turbine
kaplan
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Granted
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FR7915875A
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French (fr)
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FR2459378B1 (en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/16—Stators
    • F03B3/18—Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
    • F03B3/186—Spiral or volute casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B15/00—Controlling
    • F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
    • F03B15/04—Controlling by varying liquid flow of turbines
    • F03B15/06—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically
    • F03B15/08—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically by speed, e.g. by measuring electric frequency or liquid flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B15/00—Controlling
    • F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
    • F03B15/04—Controlling by varying liquid flow of turbines
    • F03B15/06—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically
    • F03B15/18—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically for safety purposes, e.g. preventing overspeed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/77—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades the adjusting mechanism driven or triggered by centrifugal forces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

Bearing design of a kaplan water turbine is facilitated firstly by use of the exit cone for support of the inlet volute and secondly by supporting the turbine head on the generator shaft. The turbine speed regulation is improved by centrifugal control of the angle of the turbine blades and a centrifugally operated overspeed brake. Centrifugal force acts on masses in the turbine head which operates against spring force to adjust the blade angle through linkages acting on a sleeve which acts on a profile coupled to the blades. To prevent overspeed due to lag in the turbine response in the event of loss of load on the generator, a centrifugally operated brake, operating against adjustable spring force, moves a braking surface against a corresponding surface coupled to the generator shaft by fusible pins which provide protection against overheating.

Description

Les turbines taplan de construction classique sont rendues volumineuses et coateuses par la présence de la volute d'entrée d'eau qui entoure l'ensemble constitué par les directrices et la roue hélice. Une autre raison qui les rend coûteuses est qu'il faut prévoir un palier de butée et de centrage situé audessus de la roue et qu'il faut protéger des rentrées d'eau. Taplan turbines of conventional construction are made bulky and coated by the presence of the water inlet volute which surrounds the assembly formed by the steerers and the impeller. Another reason which makes them expensive is that there must be a thrust and centering bearing located above the wheel and that it must be protected from the inflow of water.

Les groupes bulbes qui ont fait l'objet des brevets 911493 et 1000707 au nom de Jean GUIMBAL apportent une solution à ce double problème mais le font au prix d'une complication supplémentaire qui est la disposition de la génératrice électrique au sein de l'écoulement. The bulb groups which have been the subject of patents 911493 and 1000707 in the name of Jean GUIMBAL provide a solution to this double problem but do so at the cost of an additional complication which is the arrangement of the electric generator within the flow .

L'invention concerne une turbine Kaplan qui conserve sa volute d'entrée, mais celle-ci vient entourer la partie constituée par la roue et le cône de sor- tie de si près, quelle fait corps avec ce dernier qui constitue sa paroi interne. Elle ne comporte donc plus qu'une paroi externe, un plafond et un plancher. The invention relates to a Kaplan turbine which retains its inlet volute, but this surrounds the part constituted by the wheel and the outlet cone so closely, which forms a part with the latter which constitutes its internal wall. It therefore only has an external wall, a ceiling and a floor.

Le plafond et le plancher tendent à se déformer par gonflement sous l'action de la pression de l'eau et,suivant l'invention, pour éviter ce phénomène sans etre obligé de donner une grande épaisseur à la tôle, on leur fait dessiner un cône à angle au sommet proche de 900, l'écart étant néanmoins suffisant pour que la tôle travaille à la traction au lieu de travailler à la flexion. The ceiling and the floor tend to deform by swelling under the action of the pressure of the water and, according to the invention, to avoid this phenomenon without being obliged to give a great thickness to the sheet, they are made to draw a cone with an angle at the apex close to 900, the difference being nevertheless sufficient for the sheet to work in traction instead of working in bending.

Du fait que la volute entoure directement le cône de sortie, l'anneau qui supporte les directrices à leur partie inférieure est entièrement rentré dans cette volute. Suivant l'invention, il prend une forme arrondie de manière à se laisser contourner par l'eau qui provient de la partie basse de la volute, sans créer de tourbillon exagéré. Due to the fact that the volute directly surrounds the outlet cone, the ring which supports the guidelines at their lower part is fully retracted into this volute. According to the invention, it takes a rounded shape so as to be bypassed by the water which comes from the lower part of the volute, without creating an exaggerated swirl.

Suivant l'invention la turbine n'a pas de palier propre : la roue hélce est en effet directement fixée sur le bout d'arbre de la génératrice ou du multiplicateur de vitesse qui entraine cette dernière. According to the invention, the turbine does not have its own bearing: the impeller is in fact directly fixed to the end of the shaft of the generator or of the speed multiplier which drives the latter.

Traditionnellement les turbines Kaplan sont régulées en vitesse par un système hydraulique qui assure la rotation simultanée des pales de l'hélice. Mais ce dispositif est d'un coat très élevé. Suivant l'invention, la position angulaire des pales est directement donnée par un dispositif centrifuge à masselotte et ressorts antagonistes qui vient mettre les pales en position d'ouverturedès que la vitesse s'abaisse en-dessous de la valeur de consigne, ou au contraire les tourner dans le sens de la fermeture si elle tend à dépasser cette valeur. Traditionally Kaplan turbines are speed regulated by a hydraulic system which ensures the simultaneous rotation of the propeller blades. But this device is of a very high coat. According to the invention, the angular position of the blades is directly given by a centrifugal device with counterweight and counter springs which comes to put the blades in the open position as soon as the speed drops below the set value, or on the contrary turn them in the closing direction if it tends to exceed this value.

Il est intéressant d'augmenter le poids des masselottes et leur distance à l'axe de manière à obtenir les variations d'incidence des pales pour des écarts de vitesse aussi petits que possible. Suivant l'invention, on dispose alors les masselottes dans la partie de la roue située en amont des pales de maniere à bénéficier de la forme conique de la turbine à cet endroit. It is interesting to increase the weight of the flyweights and their distance from the axis so as to obtain variations in the incidence of the blades for speed differences as small as possible. According to the invention, the weights are then placed in the part of the wheel located upstream of the blades so as to benefit from the conical shape of the turbine at this location.

Il est bien connu que lorsque l'on ferme une turbine Kaplan, pendant un temps qui varie d'une fraction de seconde à plusieurs secondes, on ne diminue pas réellement sa puissance parce que cette fermeture provoque un coup de bélier qui augmente la pression. Si on diminue de facon importante et brusque la puissance électrique appelée sur la génératrice, le dispositif centrifuge précédemment décrit n'empêche donc pas la vitesse de croître pendant un-certain temps et, meme si un régulateur de tension perfectionné empêche qu'il n'en résulte une surtension, le phénomène provoque une augmentation de vitesse de tous les moteurs branchés sur l'installation. It is well known that when one closes a Kaplan turbine, for a time which varies from a fraction of a second to several seconds, one does not really decrease its power because this closure causes a water hammer which increases the pressure. If the electric power drawn on the generator is drastically and suddenly reduced, the previously described centrifugal device does not therefore prevent the speed from increasing for a certain time and, even if an improved voltage regulator prevents it from resulting in an overvoltage, the phenomenon causes an increase in speed of all the motors connected to the installation.

Suivant l'invention, on supprime tout risque de survitesse en prévoyant un second système centrifuge à ressorts antagonistes qui, lui, intervient pour freiner le groupe dès que la vitesse dépasse la valeur de consigne d'un pourcentage déterminé. According to the invention, any risk of overspeed is eliminated by providing a second centrifugal system with opposing springs which, in turn, intervenes to brake the group as soon as the speed exceeds the set value by a determined percentage.

Suivant l'invention, si le groupe comporte un multiplicateur de vitesse on monte ce nouveau système centrifuge sur un second bout d'arbre de la génératrice de manière à bénéficier de la vitesse plus importante et à en réduire le coût. According to the invention, if the group includes a speed multiplier, this new centrifugal system is mounted on a second end of the generator shaft so as to benefit from the higher speed and reduce the cost.

Suivant l'invention, en cas de fonctionnement prolongé intempestivement, des goupilles fondent et le disque sur lequel s'exerce le freinage peut alors tourner librement. According to the invention, in the event of unexpectedly prolonged operation, pins melt and the disc on which the braking is applied can then rotate freely.

La planche ci-jointe représente à titre d'exemple non limitatif une vue en coupe passant par l'axe d'un groupe suivant l'invention. The attached sheet shows by way of nonlimiting example a sectional view passing through the axis of a group according to the invention.

La volute comporte une partie périphérique 1, un plancher légèrement conique 2, un plafond également légèrement conique 3, une partie interne 4 qui est constituée par le cône de sortie. A l'intérieur, à la base des directrices se trouve l'anneau 5 qui supporte ces dernières et qui, comme il a été dit, a une section arrondie. The volute comprises a peripheral part 1, a slightly conical floor 2, a also slightly conical ceiling 3, an internal part 4 which is formed by the outlet cone. Inside, at the base of the guidelines is the ring 5 which supports the latter and which, as has been said, has a rounded section.

La volute porte le flasque 6 sur lequel repose le flasque bride 7 de l'en- semble génératrice-multiplicateur de vitesse. C'est le bout d'arbre 8 de ce dernier qui porte la roue 9 munie des pales 10. The volute carries the flange 6 on which the flange flange 7 of the speed generator-multiplier assembly rests. It is the end of the shaft 8 of the latter which carries the wheel 9 provided with blades 10.

La régulation est obtenue grâce aux masselottes 11 qui, en pivotant autour des articulations 12 déplacent lesleviers 73 et,par ltintermédiaire des tiges 14 sur lesquelles se trouvent les ressorts antagonistes, poussent le manchon 15 qui par un jeu de billettes 16 provoque la rotation des pales 10. The regulation is obtained thanks to the weights 11 which, by pivoting around the articulations 12 move the levers 73 and, by means of the rods 14 on which the opposing springs are located, push the sleeve 15 which by a set of billets 16 causes the blades to rotate 10.

Le frein centrifuge monté sur le second bout d'arbre de la génératrice comporte les billes 17 qui, en agissant sur la partie conique 18, provoquent l'abaissement de la face 19 qui porte des garnitures de freins. Les ressorts 20 qui peuvent etre réglés grâce à des vis 21 accessibles par le haut, viennent déterminer le seuil de fonctionnement. Le freinage s'exerce sur le disque 22 qui, en cas d'échauffement exagéré, est libéré par des goupilles fusibles. The centrifugal brake mounted on the second end of the generator shaft includes the balls 17 which, by acting on the conical part 18, cause the face 19 which carries brake linings to be lowered. The springs 20 which can be adjusted by means of screws 21 accessible from above, come to determine the operating threshold. The braking is exerted on the disc 22 which, in the event of excessive heating, is released by fusible pins.

Claims (9)

REVENDICATIONS 1 Groupe générateur d'énergie électrique composé d'une génératrice électrique pourvue ou non d'un multiplicateur de vitesse et d'une turbine Kaplan à volute d'entrée et cône de sortie, caractérisé en ce que la volute d'entrée est réduite en diamètre au point que c'est le cône de sortie qui constitue sa paroi interne.1 Electric power generator group composed of an electric generator with or without a speed multiplier and a Kaplan turbine with inlet volute and outlet cone, characterized in that the inlet volute is reduced by diameter at the point that it is the outlet cone which constitutes its internal wall. 2 Turbine Kaplan suivant revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que sa volute d'entrée comporte un plafond et un plancher en tôle mince mais de forme légèrement conique pour que cette tôle travaille à la traction et non pas à la flexion.2 Kaplan turbine according to claim 1 characterized in that its inlet volute has a ceiling and a floor made of thin sheet metal but of slightly conical shape so that this sheet works in traction and not in bending. 3 Turbine Kaplan suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2 caractérisée en ce que l'anneau qui suPPorte la base des directrices a une section de forme épaisse et arrondie.3 Kaplan turbine according to any one of claims 1 or 2 characterized in that the ring which suPPorte the base of the guidelines has a thick and rounded section. 4 Turbine Kaplan suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3 caractérisée. en ce que csest le bout d'arbre de la génératrice ou du multiplicateur de vitesse qui porte directement la roue de la turbine, cette dernière n'ayant pas de palier qui lui soit propre.4 Kaplan turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterized. in that it is the end of the shaft of the generator or of the speed multiplier which directly carries the turbine wheel, the latter having no bearing of its own. 5 Turbine Kaplan suivant 1 'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 caractçri- sée en ce que la position angulaire des pales est donnée par un jeu de masselottes et de ressorts disposés de telle manière que l'action de la force centrifuge sur les premières tende à provoquer la fermeture de la turbine et que les ressorts s'opposent à ce mouvement.5 Kaplan turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the angular position of the blades is given by a set of weights and springs arranged in such a way that the action of the centrifugal force on the first tends cause the turbine to close and the springs to oppose this movement. 6 Système centrifuge pour turbine Kaplan suivant revendication 5 caractérisé en ce que les masselottes sont placées dans la partie conique située en amont de la roue.6 Centrifugal system for Kaplan turbine according to claim 5 characterized in that the weights are placed in the conical part located upstream of the wheel. 7 Système centrifuge pour turbine Kaplan suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 5 et 6 caractérisé en ce que les survitesses dues aux coups de bélier sont empêchées par la présence d'un second ensemble de masselottes et de ressorts antagonistes qui vient freiner l'ensemble dès que la vitesse dépasse une certaine valeur de consigne.7 Centrifugal system for Kaplan turbine according to any one of claims 5 and 6 characterized in that the overspeeds due to water hammer are prevented by the presence of a second set of counterweights and antagonistic springs which comes to brake the assembly as soon as that the speed exceeds a certain set value. 8 Système centrifuge pour turbine Kaplan suivant revendication 7 caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de freinage en cas de survitesse est monté sur un second bout d'arbre de la génératrice.8 Centrifugal system for Kaplan turbine according to claim 7 characterized in that the braking device in the event of overspeed is mounted on a second end of the generator shaft. 9 Système centrifuge pour turbine Kaplan suivant l'une quelconque des revendication 7 ou 8 caractérisé en ce que, en cas de fonctionnement prolongé intempestivement, le disque sur lequel s'exerce le freinage peut tourner librement grâce au fait qu'il est maintenu fixe par des pièces à basse température de fusion. 9 Centrifugal system for Kaplan turbine according to any one of claims 7 or 8 characterized in that, in the event of prolonged untimely operation, the disc on which the braking is applied can rotate freely thanks to the fact that it is kept fixed by parts with low melting temperature.
FR7915875A 1979-06-14 1979-06-14 Centrifugal governor for kaplan water turbine - uses masses acted on by centrifugal force to alter blade angle and to provide overspeed braking Granted FR2459378A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7915875A FR2459378A1 (en) 1979-06-14 1979-06-14 Centrifugal governor for kaplan water turbine - uses masses acted on by centrifugal force to alter blade angle and to provide overspeed braking

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7915875A FR2459378A1 (en) 1979-06-14 1979-06-14 Centrifugal governor for kaplan water turbine - uses masses acted on by centrifugal force to alter blade angle and to provide overspeed braking

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FR2459378A1 true FR2459378A1 (en) 1981-01-09
FR2459378B1 FR2459378B1 (en) 1982-03-12

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998026176A1 (en) * 1996-12-12 1998-06-18 Andreas Keller Water turbine or water pump

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1503124A (en) * 1923-05-23 1924-07-29 John J Hoppes Hydroelectric power plant
US1504776A (en) * 1922-04-08 1924-08-12 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Hydraulic machine
CH178314A (en) * 1934-08-13 1935-07-15 Theodor Bell & Cie Ag Device on turbines to reduce undesired increases in speed, in particular the number of burn-through speeds.
FR1045885A (en) * 1951-07-13 1953-12-01 Entpr S Soc Gen Improvements to low head hydraulic turbines
FR1108141A (en) * 1953-06-12 1956-01-09 Submerged hydro-electric station with a tube that guides the water horizontally or obliquely
FR1142860A (en) * 1955-03-15 1957-09-24 Escher Wyss Ag Vertical shaft hydroelectric group

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1504776A (en) * 1922-04-08 1924-08-12 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Hydraulic machine
US1503124A (en) * 1923-05-23 1924-07-29 John J Hoppes Hydroelectric power plant
CH178314A (en) * 1934-08-13 1935-07-15 Theodor Bell & Cie Ag Device on turbines to reduce undesired increases in speed, in particular the number of burn-through speeds.
FR1045885A (en) * 1951-07-13 1953-12-01 Entpr S Soc Gen Improvements to low head hydraulic turbines
FR1108141A (en) * 1953-06-12 1956-01-09 Submerged hydro-electric station with a tube that guides the water horizontally or obliquely
FR1142860A (en) * 1955-03-15 1957-09-24 Escher Wyss Ag Vertical shaft hydroelectric group

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998026176A1 (en) * 1996-12-12 1998-06-18 Andreas Keller Water turbine or water pump

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Publication number Publication date
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