FR2481756A1 - Wind driven generator mounted on pylon - has vertical aerofoil blades with automatic blade angle adjustment according to wind loading - Google Patents
Wind driven generator mounted on pylon - has vertical aerofoil blades with automatic blade angle adjustment according to wind loading Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2481756A1 FR2481756A1 FR7928668A FR7928668A FR2481756A1 FR 2481756 A1 FR2481756 A1 FR 2481756A1 FR 7928668 A FR7928668 A FR 7928668A FR 7928668 A FR7928668 A FR 7928668A FR 2481756 A1 FR2481756 A1 FR 2481756A1
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- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- wind
- blades
- blade
- axis
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/06—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
- F05B2270/101—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un ensemble de dispositifs permettant aux pales d'un aérogénérateur à axe vertical de subir sans détérioration les efforts violents d'un vent de tempête, de ralentir le rotor dans les limites de vitesse prédéterminées, de régulariser la vitesse de l'arbre récepteur en agissant sur lui directement et de pouvoir ainsi entrainer des récepteurs inhabituels et envisager des utilisations nouvelles de lténergie éolienne. The present invention relates to a set of devices allowing the blades of a wind turbine with vertical axis to undergo without deterioration the violent efforts of a storm wind, to slow down the rotor within the predetermined speed limits, to regulate the speed of the receiving tree by acting on it directly and being able to thus train unusual receivers and to consider new uses of wind energy.
L'utilisation de l'énergie éolienne par'l'homme remonte à plusieurs millénaires. Bien entendu, en fonction de l'évolution des technologies, de l'utilisation de combustibles minéraux et autres, l'inté- rêt pour les capteurs éoliens avait considérablement diminue. Human use of wind energy dates back several millennia. Of course, depending on the evolution of technologies, the use of mineral fuels and others, the interest in wind sensors had considerably decreased.
Etant donné le coût actuel du pétrole, un regain dtintérêt se manifeste depuis quelques années pour l'utilisation des ressources dites naturelles et, parmi celles-ci, le vent qui, dans des sites ehoisis et à l'aide de matériels adaptés, peut apporter une énergie non négligeable. Le rendement des aérogénérateurs modernes nécessite néanmoins, pour des puissances acceptables, des dimensions de rotor importantes qui entrainent des contraintes mécaniques élevées sous l'action de vents violents et irréguliers. Il y a actuellement deux familles d'aérogénérateurs à pales rapides, ceux qui possèdent l'arbre du rotor dans un plan horizontal et un dispositif d'orientation dans le vent, et ceux dont l'arbre du rotor est dans un plan vertical. et qui ne nécessitent aucun dispositif d'orientation.Les premiers existent sur le marché en quantité et possèdent différents types de protection et de régulation plus ou moins efficaces, les seconds qui intéressent directement l'in- vention sont essentiellement développés Ouire-Atlantique, bien que la création soit française et présentée aux alentours de 1925 par Monsieur DANRIEUS. Given the current cost of oil, there has been a renewed interest in the use of so-called natural resources in recent years and, among these, the wind which, in selected sites and using suitable materials, can bring a significant energy. The efficiency of modern wind turbines nevertheless requires, for acceptable powers, large rotor dimensions which cause high mechanical stresses under the action of strong and irregular winds. There are currently two families of fast-blowing wind turbines, those which have the rotor shaft in a horizontal plane and a wind orientation device, and those whose rotor shaft is in a vertical plane. and which do not require any guidance device. The former exist on the market in quantity and have different types of more or less effective protection and regulation, the latter which are of direct interest to the invention are essentially developed Ouire-Atlantique, although that the creation be French and presented around 1925 by Monsieur DANRIEUS.
L'un des avantages de ces derniers est d'avoir un rotor à pales fixes transmettant directement le couple moteur à la partie inférieure du support. Mais, hélas, ce type d'appareil comporte également des inconvénients ; parmi ceux-ci, la faiblesse du rotor dont les pales fixes offrent une grande surface au vent, ce qui entraine, dans la plupart des cas, leur destruction par vents de tempêté. Le surdimensionnement, l1u- tilisation et l'association de matériaux élaborés plus résistants, ne font qutaugmenter le prix de revient de l'appareil sans donner l'assu- rance d'une parfaite tenue aux vents violents. One of the advantages of the latter is to have a rotor with fixed blades directly transmitting the engine torque to the lower part of the support. But, alas, this type of device also has drawbacks; among these, the weakness of the rotor whose fixed blades offer a large surface to the wind, which causes, in most cases, their destruction by stormy winds. Oversizing, the use and combination of more resistant elaborate materials only increase the cost price of the device without providing the assurance of perfect resistance to strong winds.
Les dispositifs décrits ci-après protègent efficacement le rotor contre un emballement excessif par vent fort et contre les efforts violents dus à un vent de tempête et, ceci, automatiquement, sans aucune in tervention extérieure. The devices described below effectively protect the rotor against excessive runaway in strong winds and against violent forces due to a stormy wind, and this, automatically, without any external intervention.
Les caractéristiques de l'invention ressortiront plus particulièrement de la description qui suit, donnée à titre d'exemple et faite en se réfèrant aux dessins annexés sur lesquels
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un aérogénérateur à axe vertical montrant les positions relatives des éléments le composant. Le rotor il composé de 6 supports 12 et de 3 pales verticales 13 tourne sur un pylone support 23. C'est à l'extrêmité 14 de chaque pale que se montent les différentes variantes des dispositifs de régulation et de protection. L'une d'entre elles néanmoins, par l'intermédiaire de masses d'inertie 17 fixées dans les bras supports 12, agit par-force centrifuge, soit sur l'incidence de la pale elle-meme, soit sur les mâchoires 16 de freins à disques 15, soit sur les deux à la fois.The characteristics of the invention will emerge more particularly from the description which follows, given by way of example and made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
- Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of an aerogenerator with vertical axis showing the relative positions of the components. The rotor it composed of 6 supports 12 and 3 vertical blades 13 rotates on a support pylon 23. It is at the end 14 of each blade that the different variants of the regulation and protection devices are mounted. One of them, however, by means of inertia masses 17 fixed in the support arms 12, acts by centrifugal force, either on the incidence of the blade itself, or on the jaws 16 of disc brakes 15, or on both at the same time.
Sur l'exemple, le rotor est lancé par un ensemble de 3 rotors de SAVONIUS 19 et, en plus d'un contrôle de vitesse sur l'arbre 21, il y a un contrôle par anémomètre extérieur 20. Les récepteurs quels qu'ils soient s'adaptent en 22.In the example, the rotor is launched by a set of 3 SAVONIUS rotors 19 and, in addition to a speed control on the shaft 21, there is control by an external anemometer 20. The receivers whatever either fit into 22.
t la figure 2 représente la position normale, en vue de dessus, des 3 pales par rapport à l'axe du rotor. Dans ce cas, l'angle entre la pale et son support est de 900. t Figure 2 shows the normal position, in top view, of the 3 blades relative to the axis of the rotor. In this case, the angle between the blade and its support is 900.
- la figure 3 montre les pales dont les bords d'attaque s'orientent vers 11axe du rotor. Cette position crée des turbulences aérodynamiques faisant chuter la vitesse de rotation qui reste ainsi dans des limites admissibles. Fig. 3a et 6. - Figure 3 shows the blades whose leading edges are oriented towards the axis of the rotor. This position creates aerodynamic turbulence causing the speed of rotation to drop, thereby remaining within admissible limits. Fig. 3a and 6.
- la figure 4 représente les pales munies de volets en position de freinage, étudiées plus en détail sur les figures 4a et 6e. - Figure 4 shows the blades with flaps in the braking position, studied in more detail in Figures 4a and 6e.
- la figure 5 représente la position des pales lorsque le vent dépasse une valeur imposée. Dans cette situation extrême, plus explicite sur la figure 5a, elles se mettent indépendamment les unes des autres dans la direction du vent après déverrouillage de leur arbre support 64 et offrent ainsi une moindre résistance à celui-ci. L'explication du principe est donnée avec plus de détails dans l'examen des figures 6. - Figure 5 shows the position of the blades when the wind exceeds an imposed value. In this extreme situation, more explicit in FIG. 5a, they stand independently of each other in the direction of the wind after unlocking their support shaft 64 and thus offer less resistance to it. The explanation of the principle is given in more detail in the examination of Figures 6.
- la figure 6 schématise 5 variantes possibles de dispositifs ralentisseurs automatiques, figures 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d et 6e. Sur trois d'entre elles 6b, 6c et 6d, clest la masse des pales elles-mêmes, de par la position excentrée de leurs arbres supports 64 sur lesquels elles sont verrouillées par le dispositif réglable à ressort 68, qui crée par force centrifuge un mouvement de rotation vers l'extérieur du bord de fuite autour de l'arbre 65. Sur la variante 6a, c'est une masse d'inertie additionnelle M qui coulisse dans le bras support 63 et qui agit en C par l'intermédiaire dune biellette et qui s'ajoute à la masse des pales 62. - Figure 6 shows schematically 5 possible variants of automatic retarder devices, Figures 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d and 6th. On three of them 6b, 6c and 6d, the mass of the blades themselves is due to the eccentric position of their support shafts 64 on which they are locked by the adjustable spring device 68, which creates by centrifugal force a rotational movement towards the outside of the trailing edge around the shaft 65. In variant 6a, it is an additional mass of inertia M which slides in the support arm 63 and which acts at C via a rod and which is added to the mass of the blades 62.
Dans certains cas particuliers, liés aux caractéristiques de l'aérogénérateur, cette masse M peut également solliciter le piston d'un cylindre hydraulique actionnant les mâchoires d'un frein agissant sur un disque solidaire du support figure 7.In certain particular cases, linked to the characteristics of the wind generator, this mass M can also request the piston of a hydraulic cylinder actuating the shoes of a brake acting on a disc secured to the support in FIG. 7.
Quant à la variante 6e, elle présente l'avantage de supprimer la pièce intermédiaire 61 commune aux variantes précédentes. La pale 62 est verrouillée directement sur le support de pale 63 ; c'est la masse additionnelle Ml qui, par force centrifuge, fait sortir le volet 69 habituellement plaqué sur le bord de fuite par le ressort de rappel 71 autour de l'axe de rotation 70. As for the 6th variant, it has the advantage of eliminating the intermediate piece 61 common to the previous variants. The blade 62 is locked directly on the blade support 63; it is the additional mass M1 which, by centrifugal force, causes the flap 69 to come out, usually pressed against the trailing edge by the return spring 71 around the axis of rotation 70.
Il est à noter que, quelles que soient les variantes précitées concernant la régulation de la vitesse du rotor, le système de proteetion lui, est indépendant et est toujours basé sur le mtme principe de vsrrouillage à ressort réglable 68. It should be noted that, whatever the abovementioned variants concerning the regulation of the speed of the rotor, the protection system itself is independent and is always based on the same principle of adjustable spring locking vs 68.
Ce système permet, contrairement à tout autre limiteur de couple, de remettre automatiquement les pales en position de travail dès que le rotor est débloqué et qu'il est à nouveau relancé par un dispositif de lancement, ici le rotor'de SAVONIUS 19 de la figure 1. This system allows, unlike any other torque limiter, to automatically return the blades to the working position as soon as the rotor is unlocked and it is restarted again by a launching device, here the SAVONIUS rotor 19 of the figure 1.
- la figure 7 représente 2 vues schématiques en profil'et dessus dlun bras support de pale. Un éclaté précise la position du maitre cylindre 73, du frein à disque 72 à commande hydraulique, du disque 71 fixé sur le support de l'aérogénérateur. Elle représente également un exemple dé l'association possible entre les dispositifs 6a et 6e destinés à la régulation et le verrouillage 7.68 permettant la mise en drapeau. En effet, il est possible suivant :
la puissance, c'est-à-dire les dimensions du rotor,
les conditions climatiques du site d'implantation,
les utilisations de l'énergie éolienne disponible,
e les possibilités de surveillance et d'entretien, de. choisir les dispositifs les mieux adaptés ou leurs associations.- Figure 7 shows 2 schematic views in profile and above a blade support arm. An exploded view specifies the position of the master cylinder 73, of the disc brake 72 with hydraulic control, of the disc 71 fixed on the support of the wind generator. It also represents an example of the possible association between the devices 6a and 6e intended for regulation and locking 7.68 enabling feathering. Indeed, it is possible following:
the power, that is to say the dimensions of the rotor,
the climatic conditions of the site,
the uses of available wind energy,
e the possibilities of monitoring and maintenance,. choose the most suitable devices or their combinations.
Le but de l'invention est de rendre sflr et efficace ce type de générateur qui, de par sa conception, est plus simple que ses homologues à axes horizontaux, pour un rendement sensiblement équivalent, ctest-à-dire de nécessiter un court de construction nettement moins important. The object of the invention is to make this type of generator which is, by design, simpler and more efficient than its counterparts with horizontal axes, for a substantially equivalent output, that is to say requiring a short construction significantly less important.
Bien entendu, la description qui précède n'est pas limitative Gon- cernant la régulation du rotor et sa protectionS l'invention peut être mise en oeuvre suivant d'autres variantes, sans que l'on sorte de son cadre. Of course, the foregoing description is not limiting As regards the regulation of the rotor and its protection, the invention can be implemented according to other variants, without departing from its scope.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR7928668A FR2481756A1 (en) | 1979-11-21 | 1979-11-21 | Wind driven generator mounted on pylon - has vertical aerofoil blades with automatic blade angle adjustment according to wind loading |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR7928668A FR2481756A1 (en) | 1979-11-21 | 1979-11-21 | Wind driven generator mounted on pylon - has vertical aerofoil blades with automatic blade angle adjustment according to wind loading |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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FR2481756A1 true FR2481756A1 (en) | 1981-11-06 |
Family
ID=9231928
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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FR7928668A Withdrawn FR2481756A1 (en) | 1979-11-21 | 1979-11-21 | Wind driven generator mounted on pylon - has vertical aerofoil blades with automatic blade angle adjustment according to wind loading |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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FR (1) | FR2481756A1 (en) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1982004103A1 (en) * | 1981-05-15 | 1982-11-25 | Andersson Birger Anders Wilhelm | Means for limiting the rotation speed of a vertical shaft wind turbine |
US4415312A (en) * | 1982-03-11 | 1983-11-15 | Wixlin, Inc. | Transverse axis fluid turbine |
US4456429A (en) * | 1982-03-15 | 1984-06-26 | Kelland Robert E | Wind turbine |
US4483657A (en) * | 1982-09-29 | 1984-11-20 | Kaiser Heinz W | Wind turbine rotor assembly |
FR2548740A1 (en) * | 1983-07-08 | 1985-01-11 | Lepoutre Francois | Method and device improving the operation of vertical wind turbines with lift, by passively controlling incidence of the sails with decreasing amplitude |
US4566854A (en) * | 1984-05-21 | 1986-01-28 | Slezak Ray J | Wind rotor |
US4718821A (en) * | 1986-06-04 | 1988-01-12 | Clancy Brian D | Windmill blade |
US4799860A (en) * | 1985-04-04 | 1989-01-24 | Herter Rotor Marketing Division & Co. Beteiligungsgesellschaft Mbh | Wind-energy converter |
WO2013000041A1 (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2013-01-03 | Radotec Pty Ltd | Vertical axis wind turbine with variable pitch mechanism |
FR2985291A1 (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2013-07-05 | Marc Bois | Torque limiter device for e.g. Darrieus type vertical axis wind turbine, for e.g. production of electricity, has return element provided for each blade to authorize pivoting of blade due to wind action to cause stalling and return blade |
FR3025839A1 (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2016-03-18 | Michel Edouard Raymond Bourriaud | DEVICE FOR REALIZING THE STARTING AND OPERATING REGULATION OF A VERTICAL ROTATION AXLE DRIVER OF TYPE DARRIEUS OR A HYDROLIENNE OF THE SAME TYPE |
TWI561730B (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-12-11 | Inst Nuclear Energy Res Atomic Energy Council | Vertical-axis wind turbine having device for changing blade angle |
WO2017051007A1 (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2017-03-30 | Nenuphar | Method for switching off a vertical-axis wind turbine and corresponding vertical-axis wind turbine |
-
1979
- 1979-11-21 FR FR7928668A patent/FR2481756A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1982004103A1 (en) * | 1981-05-15 | 1982-11-25 | Andersson Birger Anders Wilhelm | Means for limiting the rotation speed of a vertical shaft wind turbine |
US4452568A (en) * | 1981-05-15 | 1984-06-05 | Saab-Scania Aktiebolag | Means for limiting rotation speed of a vertical shaft wind turbine |
US4415312A (en) * | 1982-03-11 | 1983-11-15 | Wixlin, Inc. | Transverse axis fluid turbine |
US4456429A (en) * | 1982-03-15 | 1984-06-26 | Kelland Robert E | Wind turbine |
US4483657A (en) * | 1982-09-29 | 1984-11-20 | Kaiser Heinz W | Wind turbine rotor assembly |
FR2548740A1 (en) * | 1983-07-08 | 1985-01-11 | Lepoutre Francois | Method and device improving the operation of vertical wind turbines with lift, by passively controlling incidence of the sails with decreasing amplitude |
US4566854A (en) * | 1984-05-21 | 1986-01-28 | Slezak Ray J | Wind rotor |
US4799860A (en) * | 1985-04-04 | 1989-01-24 | Herter Rotor Marketing Division & Co. Beteiligungsgesellschaft Mbh | Wind-energy converter |
US4718821A (en) * | 1986-06-04 | 1988-01-12 | Clancy Brian D | Windmill blade |
WO2013000041A1 (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2013-01-03 | Radotec Pty Ltd | Vertical axis wind turbine with variable pitch mechanism |
US20150003982A1 (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2015-01-01 | Walter Radovich | Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Variable Pitch Mechanism |
AU2012276300B2 (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2017-01-05 | Axowind Pty. Ltd. | Vertical axis wind turbine with variable pitch mechanism |
US9903339B2 (en) | 2011-06-29 | 2018-02-27 | Axowind Pty Ltd. | Vertical axis wind turbine with variable pitch mechanism |
FR2985291A1 (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2013-07-05 | Marc Bois | Torque limiter device for e.g. Darrieus type vertical axis wind turbine, for e.g. production of electricity, has return element provided for each blade to authorize pivoting of blade due to wind action to cause stalling and return blade |
FR3025839A1 (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2016-03-18 | Michel Edouard Raymond Bourriaud | DEVICE FOR REALIZING THE STARTING AND OPERATING REGULATION OF A VERTICAL ROTATION AXLE DRIVER OF TYPE DARRIEUS OR A HYDROLIENNE OF THE SAME TYPE |
WO2017051007A1 (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2017-03-30 | Nenuphar | Method for switching off a vertical-axis wind turbine and corresponding vertical-axis wind turbine |
FR3041710A1 (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2017-03-31 | Nenuphar | METHOD FOR STOPPING A VERTICAL AXIS WIND MOLD AND A WINDBREAK WITH A CORRESPONDING VERTICAL AXIS |
TWI561730B (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-12-11 | Inst Nuclear Energy Res Atomic Energy Council | Vertical-axis wind turbine having device for changing blade angle |
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