FR2417543A1 - Procede et installation de fabrication de noir de carbone et d'hydrocarbures a partir de pneumatiques uses - Google Patents

Procede et installation de fabrication de noir de carbone et d'hydrocarbures a partir de pneumatiques uses

Info

Publication number
FR2417543A1
FR2417543A1 FR7818141A FR7818141A FR2417543A1 FR 2417543 A1 FR2417543 A1 FR 2417543A1 FR 7818141 A FR7818141 A FR 7818141A FR 7818141 A FR7818141 A FR 7818141A FR 2417543 A1 FR2417543 A1 FR 2417543A1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
carbon black
used tires
hydrocarbons
plant
tires
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR7818141A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
FR2417543B1 (fr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Intenco Inc
Original Assignee
Intenco Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Intenco Inc filed Critical Intenco Inc
Publication of FR2417543A1 publication Critical patent/FR2417543A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2417543B1 publication Critical patent/FR2417543B1/fr
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02Separating plastics from other materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09CTREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/44Carbon
    • C09C1/48Carbon black
    • C09C1/482Preparation from used rubber products, e.g. tyres
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/07Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0217Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor
    • B29B2017/0224Screens, sieves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0268Separation of metals
    • B29B2017/0272Magnetic separation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B29B2017/0424Specific disintegrating techniques; devices therefor
    • B29B2017/0496Pyrolysing the materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2705/00Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2705/08Transition metals
    • B29K2705/12Iron
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2707/00Use of elements other than metals for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2707/04Carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2030/00Pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/12Surface area
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141Feedstock
    • Y02P20/143Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne la pyrolyse des pneumatiques usés. Elle se rapporte à un procédé dans lequel les pneumatiques sont découpés en tranches puis mis sous forme de fragments. Ces derniers sont pyrolysés à pression inférieure à la pression atmosphérique et sont traités au reflux par une partie du condensat. Les produits en phase vapeur de pyrolyse sont fractionnés en brai, huile et gaz combustible. Ce dernier peut être comprimé et brûlé. Les produits solides sont séparés des déchets et broyés en noir de carbone. Celui-ci est séparé puis granulé. Application à la récupération des matières utiles des pneumatiques usés.
FR7818141A 1978-02-15 1978-06-16 Procede et installation de fabrication de noir de carbone et d'hydrocarbures a partir de pneumatiques uses Granted FR2417543A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/878,088 US4250158A (en) 1978-02-15 1978-02-15 Process for recovering carbon black and hydrocarbons from used tires

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2417543A1 true FR2417543A1 (fr) 1979-09-14
FR2417543B1 FR2417543B1 (fr) 1982-04-16

Family

ID=25371350

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FR7818141A Granted FR2417543A1 (fr) 1978-02-15 1978-06-16 Procede et installation de fabrication de noir de carbone et d'hydrocarbures a partir de pneumatiques uses

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4250158A (fr)
AR (1) AR222480A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU524513B2 (fr)
BE (1) BE874201A (fr)
FR (1) FR2417543A1 (fr)
GB (2) GB1604184A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2479712A1 (fr) * 1980-04-01 1981-10-09 Tosco Corp Procede et appareil de separation de particules de noir de carbone et de particules de fibres de verre

Families Citing this family (60)

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US4463203A (en) * 1981-11-13 1984-07-31 Gi Kim D Process for the preparation of fuel oil, fuel gas and pyrolysis coke by pyrolysis
US4506034A (en) * 1982-11-29 1985-03-19 Sava Kranj Industrija Gumijevih, Usnjenih In Kemicnih Izdelkov N.O.Sol.O. Method for the continuous processing of coarse-grained waste rubber into a secondary rubber raw material
US4686007A (en) * 1983-06-17 1987-08-11 Belorussky Politekhnichesky Institut Method of thermally decomposing polymeric material
US4839151A (en) * 1984-10-12 1989-06-13 Fred Apffel Recovery process
US4647443A (en) * 1984-10-12 1987-03-03 Fred Apffel Recovery process
US5057189A (en) * 1984-10-12 1991-10-15 Fred Apffel Recovery apparatus
US4740270A (en) * 1986-06-19 1988-04-26 Universite Laval Vacuum pyrolysis of scrap tires
US5037628A (en) * 1987-08-14 1991-08-06 American Tire Reclamation, Inc. Method for reclaiming carbonaceous material from a waste material
US5100638A (en) * 1989-04-04 1992-03-31 Advanced Waste Treatment Technology Method for photochemically decomposing organic materials
US5099086A (en) * 1989-06-28 1992-03-24 Universite Laval Extraction of commercially valuable chemicals from tire-derived pyrolytic oils
US5087436A (en) * 1989-05-19 1992-02-11 Universite Laval Recovery of commercially valuable products from scrap tires
US5208401A (en) * 1989-06-28 1993-05-04 Universite Laval Separation of commercially valuable chemicals from tire-derived pyrolytic oils
AU636783B2 (en) * 1991-08-01 1993-05-06 Full Born Chen Industrial Co. Ltd. Process for producing oil and gas by cracking waste rubber
US5230777A (en) * 1991-12-13 1993-07-27 James Jarrell Apparatus for producing fuel and carbon black from rubber tires
US5369215A (en) * 1992-04-06 1994-11-29 S-P Reclamation, Inc. Depolymerization method for resource recovery from polymeric wastes
US5504267A (en) * 1992-04-06 1996-04-02 S-P Reclamation, Inc. Resource recovery by catalytic conversion of polymers
US5264640A (en) * 1992-04-06 1993-11-23 S-P Reclamation, Inc. Depolymerization method for resource recovery from polymeric wastes
US5427022A (en) * 1992-10-27 1995-06-27 American Tire Reclamation, Inc. Apparatus for axial compression of tires having aligning member
GB2274908B (en) * 1992-12-02 1996-08-14 Pyrotech Disposal of waste material
US5389691A (en) * 1993-09-07 1995-02-14 Univ. Of Wyoming Process for co-recycling tires and oils
US5433018A (en) * 1993-10-28 1995-07-18 Texaco Inc. Purge feeding means and method
US5756871A (en) * 1995-05-23 1998-05-26 California Engineering Consultants Co., Ltd. Treating method for converting wastes into resources and its equipment
JP3402877B2 (ja) * 1995-10-09 2003-05-06 三菱重工業株式会社 廃タイヤからのカーボンブラック製造方法及び装置
US5836524A (en) * 1996-10-01 1998-11-17 National Science Council Liquefaction of wastes with product oil recycling
US5820736A (en) * 1996-12-23 1998-10-13 Bouziane; Richard Pyrolysing apparatus
CA2194805C (fr) * 1997-01-10 2004-04-27 Richard Bouziane Processus en discontinu pour le recyclage de matieres usees contenant des hydrocarbures
US6018085A (en) * 1997-09-11 2000-01-25 Ponsford; Thomas E. Method of reclaiming styrene and other products from polystyrene based materials
BE1011558A7 (fr) * 1997-11-20 1999-10-05 Debailleul Gerard Separation des matieres constituantes des pneumatiques, par procede thermo-chimique.
EP0934995B1 (fr) * 1997-12-22 2001-11-07 Alcyon S.A. Procédé pour le traitement de caoutchouc et matières plastiques usées
US6221329B1 (en) 1999-03-09 2001-04-24 Svedala Industries, Inc. Pyrolysis process for reclaiming desirable materials from vehicle tires
WO2001044405A1 (fr) 1999-12-14 2001-06-21 Tirenergy Corporation Procede pour la pyrolyse de dechets de pneus et systemes de pyrolyse de pneus
AU2001281198B2 (en) * 2000-08-10 2006-08-17 Delta Energy Holdings Llc Low energy method of pyrolysis of hydrocarbon materials such as rubber
US6835861B2 (en) 2000-08-10 2004-12-28 Rj Lee Group, Inc. Low energy method of pyrolysis of hydrocarbon materials such as rubber
HUP0302916A2 (en) * 2000-09-29 2004-01-28 Fed Recycling Technologies Apparatus and method for recovering marketable products from scrap rubber
US7214290B2 (en) * 2002-09-04 2007-05-08 Shaw Liquid Solutions Llc. Treatment of spent caustic refinery effluents
WO2004094561A1 (fr) * 2003-04-23 2004-11-04 Tyre Reduction Services (Pty) Ltd Systeme de reduction de pneus usages
KR100610528B1 (ko) * 2005-05-26 2006-08-28 김이동명 폐타이어를 이용한 타이어오일 제조장치
WO2007040381A1 (fr) * 2005-10-05 2007-04-12 Agustin Javier Pretelin Nova Systeme permettant de recycler des pneumatiques uses et derives de tissu huile
WO2008076808A1 (fr) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-26 Micro Recovery Solutions Llc Système de recyclage et de récupération de matériau et procédé associé à celui-ci
US9951281B2 (en) 2006-12-14 2018-04-24 John Otis Farneman Microwave based systems and methods for obtaining carbonaceous compounds from polypropylene-containing products
WO2008144381A2 (fr) * 2007-05-17 2008-11-27 Riverside Technologies Inc. Produits de caoutchouc pyrolysés et procédés
WO2011047068A1 (fr) 2009-10-14 2011-04-21 Reklaim, Inc. Procédé et produits de pyrolyse
WO2012149170A1 (fr) * 2011-04-26 2012-11-01 Atlantic Hydrogen Inc. Procédé de production de noir de carbone et de génération d'énergie
CN103013553A (zh) * 2012-12-17 2013-04-03 蔡民宝 一种轮胎炼油方法和设备
US20150203765A1 (en) * 2013-12-13 2015-07-23 Ch2E California Llc Rubber Depolymerization And Related Processes
PT3107979T (pt) * 2014-02-21 2018-07-03 Benzi Giuseppe Método e instalação para eliminação de refugos compostos de materiais plásticos e biomassas
ES2584071B1 (es) * 2016-04-15 2017-06-30 Reciclalia, S.L. Instalación para reciclado de materiales compuestos con refuerzo de fibra de carbono y/o fibra de vidrio y procedimiento para reciclado en dicha instalación
DK201670548A1 (en) * 2016-07-21 2018-02-19 Syntes One Eng Group Aps Pyrolysis system and process
CN107033941A (zh) * 2017-05-19 2017-08-11 无锡市泰新环保科技有限公司 轮胎胶粒裂解设备及裂解工艺
GB201719688D0 (en) * 2017-11-27 2018-01-10 Pyrogenesys Ltd Pyrolysis
CN112703243A (zh) * 2018-07-26 2021-04-23 扬切普科技有限公司 从废橡胶材料生产燃料产品
AU2019359896B2 (en) * 2018-10-19 2022-11-24 Bolder Industries System and method for pelletizing carbon black reclaimed from waste tires
US11015127B2 (en) * 2019-09-04 2021-05-25 Valgroup S.A. Continuous reflux reactor under pressure and controlled condenser system for thermochemical treatment of plastic and/or elastomeric waste
US12312539B2 (en) * 2020-04-07 2025-05-27 Vance E. McClure Reaction vessel for liquid phase catalytic pyrolysis of polymers
KR20240043771A (ko) * 2021-08-02 2024-04-03 카본 테크놀로지 홀딩스, 엘엘씨 바이오매스 열분해 액체로부터 탄소를 재포집하기 위한 프로세스 및 시스템
CN116123869A (zh) * 2023-01-31 2023-05-16 山东大学 基于水泥窑循环流化热载体协同制备生物质炭材料的系统及方法
US20240384189A1 (en) * 2023-05-18 2024-11-21 Ifallianceusa Llc Method for conducting high-temperature thermolysis of waste tires and rubber products
CN119899687B (zh) * 2023-10-26 2025-12-12 中国石油化工股份有限公司 废旧聚烯烃的加工方法及系统
WO2025184735A1 (fr) * 2024-03-05 2025-09-12 Louis Bertrand Dispositif de pyrolyse, procédé de craquage à court trajet et réacteur destinés au craquage de matériaux d'alimentation organiques pour produire un combustible liquide et/ou des produits hydrocarbonés, matériau, procédés de fabrication de l'équipement, utilisation de l'équipement et utilisations des produits ainsi produits
CN118546690B (zh) * 2024-04-24 2025-06-27 天津大学 废轮胎热解炉强化传热和节能方法

Citations (3)

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DE1939715A1 (de) * 1969-08-05 1971-02-18 Zeplichal Franz Dipl Ing Verfahren zur Verwertung von alten Autoreifen bzw. Altgummi
FR2240805A1 (en) * 1973-08-16 1975-03-14 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Polymer recovery process from waste matter - has fraction vapour cooling stations and return of residue as fuel
US3966487A (en) * 1972-03-20 1976-06-29 The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company Pyrolization

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US3772242A (en) * 1972-06-05 1973-11-13 Firestone Tire & Rubber Co Rubbers reinforced by scrap rubber char
US3978199A (en) * 1975-01-30 1976-08-31 Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. Recovering carbon black from waste rubber
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Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1939715A1 (de) * 1969-08-05 1971-02-18 Zeplichal Franz Dipl Ing Verfahren zur Verwertung von alten Autoreifen bzw. Altgummi
US3966487A (en) * 1972-03-20 1976-06-29 The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company Pyrolization
FR2240805A1 (en) * 1973-08-16 1975-03-14 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Polymer recovery process from waste matter - has fraction vapour cooling stations and return of residue as fuel

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2479712A1 (fr) * 1980-04-01 1981-10-09 Tosco Corp Procede et appareil de separation de particules de noir de carbone et de particules de fibres de verre

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1604185A (en) 1981-12-02
FR2417543B1 (fr) 1982-04-16
AR222480A1 (es) 1981-05-29
AU524513B2 (en) 1982-09-23
US4250158A (en) 1981-02-10
GB1604184A (en) 1981-12-02
AU4424279A (en) 1979-08-23
BE874201A (fr) 1979-05-29

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