FR2042254A5 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
FR2042254A5
FR2042254A5 FR7011438A FR7011438A FR2042254A5 FR 2042254 A5 FR2042254 A5 FR 2042254A5 FR 7011438 A FR7011438 A FR 7011438A FR 7011438 A FR7011438 A FR 7011438A FR 2042254 A5 FR2042254 A5 FR 2042254A5
Authority
FR
France
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
FR7011438A
Other languages
French (fr)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Satas
Original Assignee
Satas
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Satas filed Critical Satas
Priority to FR7011438A priority Critical patent/FR2042254A5/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2042254A5 publication Critical patent/FR2042254A5/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F17/00—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services
    • G07F17/0014—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services for vending, access and use of specific services not covered anywhere else in G07F17/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
    • G07B11/00—Apparatus for validating or cancelling issued tickets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F17/00—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services
    • G07F17/42—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services for ticket printing or like apparatus, e.g. apparatus for dispensing of printed paper tickets or payment cards

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
FR7011438A 1970-03-31 1970-03-31 Expired FR2042254A5 (ja)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7011438A FR2042254A5 (ja) 1970-03-31 1970-03-31

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7011438A FR2042254A5 (ja) 1970-03-31 1970-03-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2042254A5 true FR2042254A5 (ja) 1971-02-05

Family

ID=9053135

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FR7011438A Expired FR2042254A5 (ja) 1970-03-31 1970-03-31

Country Status (1)

Country Link
FR (1) FR2042254A5 (ja)

Cited By (52)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2171969A1 (ja) * 1972-02-17 1973-09-28 Dassault Electronique
FR2533048A1 (fr) * 1982-09-14 1984-03-16 Dassault Electronique Procede et dispositif pour ameliorer la securite comptable de machines distributrices de coupons tels que des titres de transport
EP0325516A1 (fr) * 1988-01-22 1989-07-26 Dassault Automatismes Et Telecommunications Dispositif de traitement de titres, en particulier de titres de transport aérien comportant des informations magnétiques
EP0372103A1 (de) * 1988-12-05 1990-06-13 Scheidt & Bachmann Gmbh Verfahren zum Betrieb von Warenverkaufs- und/oder Dienstleitungsautomaten sowie zugehörger Automat
US5232293A (en) * 1988-01-22 1993-08-03 Electronique Serge Dassault Device for the preparation of tickets
EP0670072A1 (en) * 1992-09-04 1995-09-06 Coinstar, Inc. Coupon/voucher dispensing machine and method
US5799767A (en) * 1992-09-04 1998-09-01 Coinstar, Inc. Cleaning apparatus and method for a coin counter and voucher dispenser
FR2776098A1 (fr) * 1998-03-16 1999-09-17 Ier Dispositif de transfert de donnees sur des supports en papier ou carton tels que des tickets
US6494776B1 (en) 1992-09-04 2002-12-17 Coinstar, Inc. Coin counter/sorter and coupon/voucher dispensing machine and method
US6602125B2 (en) 2001-05-04 2003-08-05 Coinstar, Inc. Automatic coin input tray for a self-service coin-counting machine
US6736251B2 (en) 1992-09-04 2004-05-18 Coinstar, Inc. Coin counter and voucher dispensing machine and method
CH695663A5 (it) * 2000-12-14 2006-07-31 Sun Ten Pharmaceutical Co Ltd Composizioni farmaceutiche a base di erbe per trattare disordini immunologici.
US7653599B2 (en) 2002-02-15 2010-01-26 Coinstar, Inc. Methods and systems for exchanging and/or transferring various forms of value
US7778456B2 (en) 1995-05-02 2010-08-17 Cummins-Allison, Corp. Automatic currency processing system having ticket redemption module
US7865432B2 (en) 2002-02-15 2011-01-04 Coinstar, Inc. Methods and systems for exchanging and/or transferring various forms of value
US7929749B1 (en) 2006-09-25 2011-04-19 Cummins-Allison Corp. System and method for saving statistical data of currency bills in a currency processing device
US7949582B2 (en) 1996-05-13 2011-05-24 Cummins-Allison Corp. Machine and method for redeeming currency to dispense a value card
US7971699B2 (en) 1992-09-04 2011-07-05 Coinstar, Inc. Coin counter/sorter and coupon/voucher dispensing machine and method
US8033375B2 (en) 2002-02-15 2011-10-11 Coinstar, Inc. Methods and systems for exchanging and/or transferring various forms of value
US8042732B2 (en) 2008-03-25 2011-10-25 Cummins-Allison Corp. Self service coin redemption card printer-dispenser
US8393455B2 (en) 2003-03-12 2013-03-12 Cummins-Allison Corp. Coin processing device having a moveable coin receptacle station
US8443958B2 (en) 1996-05-13 2013-05-21 Cummins-Allison Corp. Apparatus, system and method for coin exchange
USRE44252E1 (en) 2002-01-10 2013-06-04 Cummins-Allison Corp. Coin redemption system
US8523641B2 (en) 2004-09-15 2013-09-03 Cummins-Allison Corp. System, method and apparatus for automatically filling a coin cassette
US8545295B2 (en) 2010-12-17 2013-10-01 Cummins-Allison Corp. Coin processing systems, methods and devices
US8559694B2 (en) 2005-10-05 2013-10-15 Cummins-Allison Corp. Currency processing system with fitness detection
US8602200B2 (en) 2005-02-10 2013-12-10 Cummins-Allison Corp. Method and apparatus for varying coin-processing machine receptacle limits
USRE44689E1 (en) 2002-03-11 2014-01-07 Cummins-Allison Corp. Optical coin discrimination sensor and coin processing system using the same
US8684160B2 (en) 2000-04-28 2014-04-01 Cummins-Allison Corp. System and method for processing coins
US8874467B2 (en) 2011-11-23 2014-10-28 Outerwall Inc Mobile commerce platforms and associated systems and methods for converting consumer coins, cash, and/or other forms of value for use with same
US8959029B2 (en) 2006-03-23 2015-02-17 Cummins-Allison Corp System, apparatus, and methods for currency processing control and redemption
US8967361B2 (en) 2013-02-27 2015-03-03 Outerwall Inc. Coin counting and sorting machines
US9022841B2 (en) 2013-05-08 2015-05-05 Outerwall Inc. Coin counting and/or sorting machines and associated systems and methods
US9036890B2 (en) 2012-06-05 2015-05-19 Outerwall Inc. Optical coin discrimination systems and methods for use with consumer-operated kiosks and the like
US9064268B2 (en) 2010-11-01 2015-06-23 Outerwall Inc. Gift card exchange kiosks and associated methods of use
US9092924B1 (en) 2012-08-31 2015-07-28 Cummins-Allison Corp. Disk-type coin processing unit with angled sorting head
US9129294B2 (en) 2012-02-06 2015-09-08 Outerwall Inc. Coin counting machines having coupon capabilities, loyalty program capabilities, advertising capabilities, and the like
US9235945B2 (en) 2014-02-10 2016-01-12 Outerwall Inc. Coin input apparatuses and associated methods and systems
US9430893B1 (en) 2014-08-06 2016-08-30 Cummins-Allison Corp. Systems, methods and devices for managing rejected coins during coin processing
US9443367B2 (en) 2014-01-17 2016-09-13 Outerwall Inc. Digital image coin discrimination for use with consumer-operated kiosks and the like
US9501885B1 (en) 2014-07-09 2016-11-22 Cummins-Allison Corp. Systems, methods and devices for processing coins utilizing near-normal and high-angle of incidence lighting
US9508208B1 (en) 2014-07-25 2016-11-29 Cummins Allison Corp. Systems, methods and devices for processing coins with linear array of coin imaging sensors
US9818249B1 (en) 2002-09-04 2017-11-14 Copilot Ventures Fund Iii Llc Authentication method and system
US9875593B1 (en) 2015-08-07 2018-01-23 Cummins-Allison Corp. Systems, methods and devices for coin processing and coin recycling
US9916713B1 (en) 2014-07-09 2018-03-13 Cummins-Allison Corp. Systems, methods and devices for processing coins utilizing normal or near-normal and/or high-angle of incidence lighting
US9934640B2 (en) 2004-09-15 2018-04-03 Cummins-Allison Corp. System, method and apparatus for repurposing currency
US10089812B1 (en) 2014-11-11 2018-10-02 Cummins-Allison Corp. Systems, methods and devices for processing coins utilizing a multi-material coin sorting disk
US10181234B2 (en) 2016-10-18 2019-01-15 Cummins-Allison Corp. Coin sorting head and coin processing system using the same
US10346819B2 (en) 2015-11-19 2019-07-09 Coinstar Asset Holdings, Llc Mobile device applications, other applications and associated kiosk-based systems and methods for facilitating coin saving
US10679449B2 (en) 2016-10-18 2020-06-09 Cummins-Allison Corp. Coin sorting head and coin processing system using the same
US10685523B1 (en) 2014-07-09 2020-06-16 Cummins-Allison Corp. Systems, methods and devices for processing batches of coins utilizing coin imaging sensor assemblies
US11443581B2 (en) 2019-01-04 2022-09-13 Cummins-Allison Corp. Coin pad for coin processing system

Cited By (92)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2171969A1 (ja) * 1972-02-17 1973-09-28 Dassault Electronique
FR2533048A1 (fr) * 1982-09-14 1984-03-16 Dassault Electronique Procede et dispositif pour ameliorer la securite comptable de machines distributrices de coupons tels que des titres de transport
EP0325516A1 (fr) * 1988-01-22 1989-07-26 Dassault Automatismes Et Telecommunications Dispositif de traitement de titres, en particulier de titres de transport aérien comportant des informations magnétiques
FR2628084A1 (fr) * 1988-01-22 1989-09-08 Dassault Electronique Dispositif de traitement de titres, en particulier de titres de transport aerien comportant des informations magnetiques
US5232293A (en) * 1988-01-22 1993-08-03 Electronique Serge Dassault Device for the preparation of tickets
EP0372103A1 (de) * 1988-12-05 1990-06-13 Scheidt & Bachmann Gmbh Verfahren zum Betrieb von Warenverkaufs- und/oder Dienstleitungsautomaten sowie zugehörger Automat
US5055657A (en) * 1988-12-05 1991-10-08 Scheidt & Bachmann Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Vending type machine dispensing a redeemable credit voucher upon payment interrupt
US6047807A (en) 1992-09-04 2000-04-11 Coinstar, Inc. Restricted access coin counter
US6736251B2 (en) 1992-09-04 2004-05-18 Coinstar, Inc. Coin counter and voucher dispensing machine and method
US5799767A (en) * 1992-09-04 1998-09-01 Coinstar, Inc. Cleaning apparatus and method for a coin counter and voucher dispenser
US7874478B2 (en) 1992-09-04 2011-01-25 Coinstar, Inc. Coin counter and voucher dispensing machine and method
EP0670072A1 (en) * 1992-09-04 1995-09-06 Coinstar, Inc. Coupon/voucher dispensing machine and method
US7971699B2 (en) 1992-09-04 2011-07-05 Coinstar, Inc. Coin counter/sorter and coupon/voucher dispensing machine and method
US6758316B2 (en) 1992-09-04 2004-07-06 Coinstar, Inc. Coin counter and voucher dispensing machine and method
US6494776B1 (en) 1992-09-04 2002-12-17 Coinstar, Inc. Coin counter/sorter and coupon/voucher dispensing machine and method
EP0670072A4 (en) * 1992-09-04 1998-01-14 Coinstar Inc DISCOUNT STAMPS / VOUCHER DISPENSER AND METHOD.
US6484863B1 (en) 1994-05-03 2002-11-26 Coinstar Inc. Coin counter/sorter and coupon/voucher dispensing machine and method
US7778456B2 (en) 1995-05-02 2010-08-17 Cummins-Allison, Corp. Automatic currency processing system having ticket redemption module
US8023715B2 (en) 1995-05-02 2011-09-20 Cummins-Allison Corporation Automatic currency processing system having ticket redemption module
US8443958B2 (en) 1996-05-13 2013-05-21 Cummins-Allison Corp. Apparatus, system and method for coin exchange
US8352322B2 (en) 1996-05-13 2013-01-08 Cummins-Allison Corp. Automated document processing system using full image scanning
US8346610B2 (en) 1996-05-13 2013-01-01 Cummins-Allison Corp. Automated document processing system using full image scanning
US8229821B2 (en) 1996-05-13 2012-07-24 Cummins-Allison Corp. Self-service currency exchange machine
US8950566B2 (en) 1996-05-13 2015-02-10 Cummins Allison Corp. Apparatus, system and method for coin exchange
US7949582B2 (en) 1996-05-13 2011-05-24 Cummins-Allison Corp. Machine and method for redeeming currency to dispense a value card
WO1999048051A1 (fr) * 1998-03-16 1999-09-23 Ier Dispositif de transfert de donnees sur des supports en papier ou carton tels que des tickets
FR2776098A1 (fr) * 1998-03-16 1999-09-17 Ier Dispositif de transfert de donnees sur des supports en papier ou carton tels que des tickets
US8701857B2 (en) 2000-02-11 2014-04-22 Cummins-Allison Corp. System and method for processing currency bills and tickets
US9129271B2 (en) 2000-02-11 2015-09-08 Cummins-Allison Corp. System and method for processing casino tickets
US8684160B2 (en) 2000-04-28 2014-04-01 Cummins-Allison Corp. System and method for processing coins
CH695663A5 (it) * 2000-12-14 2006-07-31 Sun Ten Pharmaceutical Co Ltd Composizioni farmaceutiche a base di erbe per trattare disordini immunologici.
US6602125B2 (en) 2001-05-04 2003-08-05 Coinstar, Inc. Automatic coin input tray for a self-service coin-counting machine
USRE44252E1 (en) 2002-01-10 2013-06-04 Cummins-Allison Corp. Coin redemption system
US8103586B2 (en) 2002-02-15 2012-01-24 Coinstar, Inc. Methods and systems for exchanging and/or transferring various forms of value
US7653599B2 (en) 2002-02-15 2010-01-26 Coinstar, Inc. Methods and systems for exchanging and/or transferring various forms of value
US8332313B2 (en) 2002-02-15 2012-12-11 Coinstar, Inc. Methods and systems for exchanging and/or transferring various forms of value
US7865432B2 (en) 2002-02-15 2011-01-04 Coinstar, Inc. Methods and systems for exchanging and/or transferring various forms of value
US8229851B2 (en) 2002-02-15 2012-07-24 Coinstar, Inc. Methods and systems for exchanging/transferring gift cards
US8033375B2 (en) 2002-02-15 2011-10-11 Coinstar, Inc. Methods and systems for exchanging and/or transferring various forms of value
US8024272B2 (en) 2002-02-15 2011-09-20 Coinstar, Inc. Methods and systems for exchanging/transferring gift cards
USRE44689E1 (en) 2002-03-11 2014-01-07 Cummins-Allison Corp. Optical coin discrimination sensor and coin processing system using the same
US9818249B1 (en) 2002-09-04 2017-11-14 Copilot Ventures Fund Iii Llc Authentication method and system
US8393455B2 (en) 2003-03-12 2013-03-12 Cummins-Allison Corp. Coin processing device having a moveable coin receptacle station
US8523641B2 (en) 2004-09-15 2013-09-03 Cummins-Allison Corp. System, method and apparatus for automatically filling a coin cassette
US9934640B2 (en) 2004-09-15 2018-04-03 Cummins-Allison Corp. System, method and apparatus for repurposing currency
US8684159B2 (en) 2005-02-10 2014-04-01 Cummins-Allison Corp. Method and apparatus for varying coin-processing machine receptacle limits
US8602200B2 (en) 2005-02-10 2013-12-10 Cummins-Allison Corp. Method and apparatus for varying coin-processing machine receptacle limits
US8559694B2 (en) 2005-10-05 2013-10-15 Cummins-Allison Corp. Currency processing system with fitness detection
US8959029B2 (en) 2006-03-23 2015-02-17 Cummins-Allison Corp System, apparatus, and methods for currency processing control and redemption
US7929749B1 (en) 2006-09-25 2011-04-19 Cummins-Allison Corp. System and method for saving statistical data of currency bills in a currency processing device
US8042732B2 (en) 2008-03-25 2011-10-25 Cummins-Allison Corp. Self service coin redemption card printer-dispenser
US9064268B2 (en) 2010-11-01 2015-06-23 Outerwall Inc. Gift card exchange kiosks and associated methods of use
US10600069B2 (en) 2010-11-01 2020-03-24 Cardpool, Inc. Gift card exchange kiosks and associated methods of use
US8545295B2 (en) 2010-12-17 2013-10-01 Cummins-Allison Corp. Coin processing systems, methods and devices
US9830762B1 (en) 2010-12-17 2017-11-28 Cummins-Allison Corp. Coin processing methods
US9437069B1 (en) 2010-12-17 2016-09-06 Cummins-Allison Corp. Coin processing systems, methods and devices
US8701860B1 (en) 2010-12-17 2014-04-22 Cummins-Allison Corp. Coin processing systems, methods and devices
US8874467B2 (en) 2011-11-23 2014-10-28 Outerwall Inc Mobile commerce platforms and associated systems and methods for converting consumer coins, cash, and/or other forms of value for use with same
US10716675B2 (en) 2011-11-23 2020-07-21 Coinstar Asset Holdings, Llc Mobile commerce platforms and associated systems and methods for converting consumer coins, cash, and/or other forms of value for use with same
US11100744B2 (en) 2011-11-23 2021-08-24 Coinstar Asset Holdings, Llc Mobile commerce platforms and associated systems and methods for converting consumer coins, cash, and/or other forms of value for use with same
US9799014B2 (en) 2011-11-23 2017-10-24 Coinstar Asset Holdings, Llc Mobile commerce platforms and associated systems and methods for converting consumer coins, cash, and/or other forms of value for use with same
US9129294B2 (en) 2012-02-06 2015-09-08 Outerwall Inc. Coin counting machines having coupon capabilities, loyalty program capabilities, advertising capabilities, and the like
US9036890B2 (en) 2012-06-05 2015-05-19 Outerwall Inc. Optical coin discrimination systems and methods for use with consumer-operated kiosks and the like
US9594982B2 (en) 2012-06-05 2017-03-14 Coinstar, Llc Optical coin discrimination systems and methods for use with consumer-operated kiosks and the like
US9330515B1 (en) 2012-08-31 2016-05-03 Cummins-Allison Corp. Disk-type coin processing unit with angled sorting head
US9092924B1 (en) 2012-08-31 2015-07-28 Cummins-Allison Corp. Disk-type coin processing unit with angled sorting head
US9230381B2 (en) 2013-02-27 2016-01-05 Outerwall Inc. Coin counting and sorting machines
US8967361B2 (en) 2013-02-27 2015-03-03 Outerwall Inc. Coin counting and sorting machines
US9183687B2 (en) 2013-05-08 2015-11-10 Outerwall Inc. Coin counting and/or sorting machines and associated systems and methods
US9022841B2 (en) 2013-05-08 2015-05-05 Outerwall Inc. Coin counting and/or sorting machines and associated systems and methods
US9443367B2 (en) 2014-01-17 2016-09-13 Outerwall Inc. Digital image coin discrimination for use with consumer-operated kiosks and the like
US9235945B2 (en) 2014-02-10 2016-01-12 Outerwall Inc. Coin input apparatuses and associated methods and systems
US9501885B1 (en) 2014-07-09 2016-11-22 Cummins-Allison Corp. Systems, methods and devices for processing coins utilizing near-normal and high-angle of incidence lighting
US9916713B1 (en) 2014-07-09 2018-03-13 Cummins-Allison Corp. Systems, methods and devices for processing coins utilizing normal or near-normal and/or high-angle of incidence lighting
US10685523B1 (en) 2014-07-09 2020-06-16 Cummins-Allison Corp. Systems, methods and devices for processing batches of coins utilizing coin imaging sensor assemblies
US9508208B1 (en) 2014-07-25 2016-11-29 Cummins Allison Corp. Systems, methods and devices for processing coins with linear array of coin imaging sensors
US9870668B1 (en) 2014-07-25 2018-01-16 Cummins-Allison Corp. Systems, methods and devices for processing coins with linear array of coin imaging sensors
US11625968B1 (en) 2014-07-25 2023-04-11 Cummins-Allison Corp. Systems, methods and devices for processing coins with linear array of coin imaging sensors
US10068406B1 (en) 2014-07-25 2018-09-04 Cummins-Allison Corp. Systems, methods and devices for processing coins with linear array of coin imaging sensors
US9633500B1 (en) 2014-08-06 2017-04-25 Cummins-Allison Corp. Systems, methods and devices for managing rejected coins during coin processing
US10049521B1 (en) 2014-08-06 2018-08-14 Cummins-Allison Corp. Systems, methods and devices for managing rejected coins during coin processing
US9430893B1 (en) 2014-08-06 2016-08-30 Cummins-Allison Corp. Systems, methods and devices for managing rejected coins during coin processing
US10089812B1 (en) 2014-11-11 2018-10-02 Cummins-Allison Corp. Systems, methods and devices for processing coins utilizing a multi-material coin sorting disk
US10629020B1 (en) 2015-08-07 2020-04-21 Cummins-Allison Corp. Systems, methods and devices for coin processing and coin recycling
US10043333B1 (en) 2015-08-07 2018-08-07 Cummins-Allison Corp. Systems, methods and devices for coin processing and coin recycling
US9875593B1 (en) 2015-08-07 2018-01-23 Cummins-Allison Corp. Systems, methods and devices for coin processing and coin recycling
US11514743B2 (en) 2015-08-07 2022-11-29 Cummins-Allison Corp. Systems, methods and devices for coin processing and coin recycling
US10346819B2 (en) 2015-11-19 2019-07-09 Coinstar Asset Holdings, Llc Mobile device applications, other applications and associated kiosk-based systems and methods for facilitating coin saving
US10181234B2 (en) 2016-10-18 2019-01-15 Cummins-Allison Corp. Coin sorting head and coin processing system using the same
US10679449B2 (en) 2016-10-18 2020-06-09 Cummins-Allison Corp. Coin sorting head and coin processing system using the same
US10964148B2 (en) 2016-10-18 2021-03-30 Cummins-Allison Corp. Coin sorting system coin chute
US11443581B2 (en) 2019-01-04 2022-09-13 Cummins-Allison Corp. Coin pad for coin processing system

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
FR2042254A5 (ja)
AR204384A1 (ja)
ATA96471A (ja)
AU472890B1 (ja)
AU1146470A (ja)
AU1326870A (ja)
AU1716970A (ja)
AU2396070A (ja)
AU1833270A (ja)
AR195465A1 (ja)
AU2131570A (ja)
AU1879170A (ja)
AU1004470A (ja)
AU1083170A (ja)
ATA672271A (ja)
AU1086670A (ja)
AU1918570A (ja)
AU1328670A (ja)
AU1881070A (ja)
AU1235770A (ja)
AU1832970A (ja)
AU1872870A (ja)
AU1277070A (ja)
AU1247570A (ja)
AU1189670A (ja)