FI94599C - Flotation - Google Patents

Description

1 - 94599

A flotation machine

The invention relates generally to the treatment of minerals, and more particularly to arrangements for enriching minerals by flotation of solid particles of a useful mineral material. More specifically, the invention relates to a flotation machine according to the preamble of the appended claim.

The flotation machine can be used successfully to enrich virtually all types of mineral materials in which the useful ingredients are finely divided in the mineral. Said minerals include ferrous, non-ferrous and rare metal ores, non-metallic minerals-15 and minerals containing carbon and diamonds.

When enriching minerals by foaming, the mineral must be comminuted to a solids size capable of performing the flotation treatment. The optimal size of the solids of the usable material, which is able to float up from the total amount of the flotation mass, varies from mineral to mineral and depends largely on the density of the usable material in said mineral.

For example, the average solids size of an ore mineral used by widely known flotation machines is normally 0.01 to 0.1 mm. The optimum size of particles containing a diamond-containing mineral that can float upwards from the flotation mass does not exceed 0.5 mm.

When the mineral is comminuted to the optimum particle size, this involves an excessive reduction in the amount of usable material in different parts of the mineral to a size that exceeds the upper limit of foamability or to a size that is close to the optimum. As is known, the reduction in the particle size of the useful ingredient 35 affects the value of the useful material in question. Such a loss of 2 94599 value is particularly evident when the diamond-containing mineral is abundantly crushed.

It should also be borne in mind that a large proportion of the total cost of mineral enrichment 5 is for refining and accounts for up to 40% of the total cost of mineral processing.

For this reason, it is particularly important to increase the upper limit for the size of the mineral particles to be processed in the flotation machine. This has the advantage that the efficiency of the equipment for grinding minerals increases. For example, raising the upper particle size limit from 0.2 millimeters will result in a 30% increase in ball mill efficiency. In some cases, amounts of larger grain size are more suitable for processing the following steps. Large diamond-15 crystals are more valuable than small ones.

In the case of a diamond containing a diamond, the upper limit of the size of the particles of the useful material of the mineral which remain floating up from the main part of the flotation mass in a known flotation machine is not more than 1 mm.

In addition to conventional flotation machines, in which mineral solid particles float up from the bulk of the aerated pulp introduced into the pulp recirculation chamber, foam flotation machines are known in which mineral solids particles are fed into the foam layer of the flotation mass. When the foam layer is able to reliably hold mineral solids solids that are twice the size of the solids particles of usable material that can float up from the bulk of the pulp, it seems more economically advantageous to use combination type flotation machines.

. A flotation machine is known in the art (cf. SU, A, 759 141), in which the upper limit of the size of the foam mass with respect to solid particles containing diamonds is 2 mm. Said frothing machine comprises a vertical cylindrical chamber 35 used for recirculating the frothing mass, the chamber 94599 3 having a tapered bottom part on which a funnel is placed for feeding the frothing mass. The upper part of the chamber is horn-shaped with an annular comb at the bottom. The gaps between the teeth of the comb are used to separate the fine-solids particles of the mine-5 raal that are able to float up from the main part of the aerated mass. A Signer wheel is formed between the foam tunnel and the upper edge of the chamber, the rotation of which causes the foam to move over the wheel blades and be thrown into the horn walls on the surface of the annular comb.

The coarse-grained solid mineral particles of the usable material are held on the surface of the comb so that they are then conveyed to the surface of the foam layer, while the finely divided solid particles of the usable material 15

In this flotation machine, however, the coarse-grained solid particles spread evenly on the surface of the comb 20 due to their higher concentration at the points where the flotation mass detaches from the segments of the Segner wheel. In this case, the coarse-grained solids particles of the usable material are transported inside the chamber, resulting in irreplaceable losses of the usable material.

A flotation machine for enriching minerals is also known in the art (cf. SU, A, 1 183 180), which is able to distribute coarse-grained mineral solid particles more evenly in the foam layer of the flotation mass. Said flotation machine comprises a vertical cylindrical flotation chamber with a downward flow of flotation mass. a tapered bottom portion to which is attached a tube for feeding a flotation mass containing finely divided mineral particles and a tube for removing wreckage, an annular foam mass collection trough attached to the upper part of the pulp recycling chamber, a plurality of flotation chips at the same distance from the height, the height and angles of inclination of the lines of formation of the sloping tapered surfaces with respect to their axis of rotation being substantially the same, the larger diameter bottoms of the slings facing the upper part of the chamber and being one tapered surface outside the slender its threads) with respect to the shaft is less than the angle of inclination of the lines forming the thin tapered surfaces, one group of mass aerators attached to the mass recirculation into the walls of the chamber and a feed device for coarse-grained mineral particles located above the chamber for recycling the flotation mass.

In this flotation machine, a device for feeding coarse-grained mineral solids to the surface of the foam layer includes a reversible plate having a tapered surface used to guide a flotation mass carrying solids-20 having a larger diameter base of the tapered plate facing the foam layer. Inside the plate, a receiving device is formed with an annular grooved hole placed on the edge of the circumference of the plate through which the compressed air escapes.

This structure of the device for feeding coarse-grained mineral particles ensures an even distribution of coarse-grained mineral particles across the surface of the foam layer. However, together with the mineral particles, a considerable amount of oily oil is transported, ·. the entire liquid phase of the flotation mass containing the defoaming reagents into the mass recycling chamber, which may lead to the rupture of the foam layer, said layer partially losing its ability to support the mineral particles of the usable material. The total amount of oily reagents is normally no more than one order of magnitude greater than the amount of reagents needed to wet the solid particles of the useful material in the mineral.

5 In addition, this device for feeding coarse-grained mineral solids is very complex in structure.

It should also be noted that most of the oil reagent is removed from the chamber along with the foam mass, which the foam mass tends to accumulate in the recycled water during the subsequent treatment, and some amount of reagent undoubtedly disappears as waste and pollutes the environment.

The present invention seeks to provide a flotation machine having an arrangement for feeding coarse-grained mineral solids which prevents, while being of a sufficiently simple structure, excessive defoaming oil reagents from reaching the surface of the flocculant layer of the pulp. enriching.

The objects of the invention are achieved by a structure according to the appended claim, i.e. in that the flotation machine for mineral enrichment comprises a vertical cylindrical chamber for circulating the flotation mass with a tapered base, to which a pipe is attached for feeding , an annular foam pulp collection chute attached to the top of the pulp recycling chamber, a plurality of tapered sleeves axially attached to the pulp-30 recycling chamber at equal intervals from each other ... the height of the tapered sleeves and the angles of inclination of the lines of formation of their tapered surfaces to their axis of rotation are substantially equal and their larger diameter bottoms are toward the top of the chamber 35 and substantially in one tapered surface outside the tapered sleeves, the angle of inclination of the feed line with respect to its own axis of rotation is less than the angle of inclination of the thin tapered surface forming lines, one array of wherein 10 is at least one flotation mass supply pipe for supporting coarse-grained mineral particles, which pipe is placed in a cylindrical jacket of the hydrocyclone tangent and a tube for removing the liquid phase of the flotation mass is placed tangentially above the tube 15 which feeds the flotation mass supporting the coarse-grained mineral particles, in connection with the supply of the flotation mass for the fine-particle mineral particles attached to the tapered bottom.

The flotation machine disclosed herein for dipping minerals ri-20, in which a sufficiently simple hydrocyclone communicating with a tube for feeding a flotation mass supporting coarse-grained mineral particles, is used as a device for feeding coarse-grained mineral solids in a free-flowing mass to the surface of the foam layer, whereby its stability is maintained, but it is removed from the cylindrical jacket of the hydrocyclone together with the liquid phase of the flotation mass and conveyed into the chamber through a tube for supplying the flotation mass carrying fine mineral particles. ta.

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In said flotation machine for mineral enrichment, the yield of usable material can be up to 98%. The amount of oil-35 reagent required for the operation of this machine is reduced to at least one third 7. 94599 on the amount of oil reagents used in known flotation machines.

An important advantage of the presented machine is that it is ecologically cleaner compared to the known machine-5.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to a specific embodiment thereof together with the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of a flotation machine according to the invention, Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the flotation machine taken along line II-II.

The flotation machine 15 for mineral enrichment comprises a cylindrical chamber 1 (Fig. 1) for circulating the foaming mass with a tapered base part 2. The cylindrical chamber is mounted vertically on a support frame 3, in particular on support elements 4 rigidly connected to the frame 3, for example by welding.

Attached to the tapered base portion 2 is a pipe 5 for feeding a flotation mass containing finely divided mineral solids. The outlet of the tube 5 is aligned with the axis 0 of the chamber 1.

As is known, the flocculants supported. The size of the solid particles depends on the density of the useful material of the mineral to be enriched, and the upper limit of the size of such solids is different for each mineral.

It is also known that the composition and percentage of pulp flotation reagents 30 varies with each mineral species.

In the case of a diamond-containing mineral, the size of the solid particles of the foaming masses of the known compositions is usually 0.1 to 1 mm.

• · e 94599

A wreck-stone discharge pipe 6 is further attached to the tapered base 2.

An annular trough 7 is formed in the upper part of the chamber 1 for circulating the pulp to collect the foam mass 5, into which the foam mass flows over the edge of the chamber 1 by gravity. The annular trough 7 for collecting the foam mass is delimited by the upper part of the outer surface of the chamber 1 and a cylindrical sleeve fixed to the outside of the chamber 1 and set to be coaxial with it. Foam outlet pipes 8 are attached to the bottom of the chute 7.

A plurality of tapered sleeves 9 are attached to the foam chamber recirculation chamber 1. Said tapered sleeves 9 have the same height h, which may be 100 to 150 mm. The angles of convexity of the lines forming the tapered surfaces of the slender 9 with respect to their axis of rotation are the same for all sleeves 9 and can be 15 to 30 °.

The tapered sleeves 9 are equidistant a from each other along the height of the cylindrical chamber 1. 20 This distance a depends on the size of the fine fines of the mineral and is usually 3 to 10 r, where r is the average diameter of the fines of the mineral.

The diameters 25 s of the bottoms of the adjacent tapered sleeves 9 are different and increase from the bottom to the top of the tapered sleeve 9. The bottoms of all the tapered sleeves with a larger diameter D face the upper part of the chamber 1, while the bottoms with a smaller diameter d face the tapered bottom part 2 of the chamber 1. The bottoms of all the tapered sleeves 9 of the increasing diameter D are in one and the same tapered surface P outside the tapered sleeves 9, i.e. the angle of inclination of the line of formation of the tapered surface P with respect to its axis of rotation is less than the angle of inclination of the tapered surfaces of the sleeves 9, i.e. 10-10 ° 35 the angle may be 10 to 25 °. In all two parallel sleeves 9, the diameter D of the larger base of the lower sleeve 9 is larger than the diameter d of the smaller base of the upper sleeve 9.

The diameter 5d of the smaller base of the lowest tapered sleeve 9 is 1.5 to 2 times the diameter of the outlet of the pipe 5 for feeding the flotation mass containing fine particles of the mineral to be enriched. A gap is formed between the lowest tapered sleeve 9 and the upper edge of the tube 5, which is marked at Hx and has a magnitude of 0.7 to 10 1.0 d.

A gap H2 is also left between the upper sleeve 9 and the upper edge of the chamber 1; this gap is preferably 200 to 300 mm and is used to reduce the turbulence of the mass flow in its upper layers.

The number of tapered sleeves 9 depends on the height of the cylindrical chamber 1 for recycling the flotation mass. One modification of the flotation machine shown in Figure 1 has fourteen such tapered sleeves 9.

The flotation machine further comprises a plurality of pulp aerators 10, the tubular shells of the aerators of which are fixed outside the walls of the bottom part of the chamber 1. The mass aerators 10 used are any suitable known aerators for supplying a directed stream of aerated liquid to the inside of the chamber 1 along a hole made in the tubular body of the aerator 10 in the axial direction. The number of aerators 10 depends on the volume of the chamber 1. The number of the diffusers is preferably such as to ensure that the density of the air bubbles tar-30 enough to smooth the inside of the chamber 1 across. Aerators! The tubular bodies 10 are arranged to be in two rows around the circumference of the chamber 1 around two circles at different levels. Each such row includes an even number of equally spaced 35 aerators. In the embodiment of the flotation machine described herein, the total number of aerators is 16, with eight aerators 10 in each row. The axes of the tubular bodies of the aerators are in pairs in the radially extending planes of the cylindrical chamber 1 and are located at an acute angle f 'to its axis. This angle is usually 60 to 30 °.

Outside the tapered base 2, an annular tubular collector 11 is attached to the support body 4 for supplying liquid, communicating via a vertical pipe 19 with a liquid source at a pressure of 2 to 2.5 atm (not shown).

The tubular collector 11 has as many nipples 13 as there are mass aerators 10, and one end of the flexible hose 14 is connected to each such nipple 14, the other end of the hose 14 being connected to one tubular jacket of the mass air 15. The lower part of the vertical pipe 12 also has a safety shut-off valve 15.

Attached to the foam collecting chute 7 is a tubular annular manifold 16 which supplies compressed air to the mass aerators 10, which manifold 16 is connected via a pipe 17 20 to a source of compressed air (not shown). The pressure of the compressed air in the collector 16 is 0.1 to 0.2 atm lower than the pressure of the liquid in the collector 11. A shut-off valve 18 is mounted in the pipe 17. The size of the coarse-grained particles of the mineral to be enriched is at least twice as large as the size of the fine-grained particles of the mineral. In the case of a diamond-containing mineral, the size of the coarse particles is 0.8 to 2 mm. In other types of minerals, the size of the coarse particles is proportional to the density of the particles of the useful material of this type of mineral. For tubular compressed air supply. nipples 19 are formed in the collector 16 in an amount equal to the number of aerators 10, one end of the flexible hose 20 being connected to each such nipple 19 when the other end 35 of said hose 20 is connected to the tubular body of one aerator 10.

• X1 - 94599

The flotation machine also includes a device 21 for feeding coarse-grained mineral particles in the form of a hydrocyclone to control the pressure of the compressed air. The cylindrical jacket 22 of the hydrocyclone is placed above the chamber 15 in line with its axis 0 and is fixed to the support frame 23 rigidly connected, for example by welding, to the foam collecting chute 7.

The cylindrical jacket 22 of the hydrocyclone has an axially placed hopper 24 in the jacket 22 for removing solid particles and at least one tangentially positioned tube for feeding a flotation mass containing coarse mineral particles. In a variation of the proposed flotation machine shown in Figures 1 and 2, the hydrocyclone has two tubes 25 (Figure 2) with axes 15 substantially in one plane spaced substantially perpendicular to the axis of the jacket 22.

The hydrocyclone also includes a tube 26 attached to the cylindrical jacket 22 and positioned tangentially above the pulp feed tubes 25 20 to remove the liquid phase. The outlet of the tube 26 coincides with the path of the pulp in the hydrocyclone, as indicated by the arrows in Figures 1 and 2.

A flange 27 with a hole smaller in diameter than the diameter of the hydrocyclone jacket 22 is formed between the tubes 25 (Fig. 1) and 26 in the jacket of the hydrocyclone 25.

Between the funnel 24 of the hydrocyclone and the upper tapered sleeve 9, a plate 28 is placed, which is attached to a conical orienting element 29.

The surface of the plate 28 facing the hopper 24 is lined with a wear-resistant material and is horn-shaped so as to ensure the gradual introduction of coarse-grained mineral particles into the foam layer of the flotation mass.

12 - 94599

The second surface of the plate 28 facing the tapered sleeves 9 is connected by welding to a conical orienting element 29. Four supports 30 are attached to the conical orienting element 29, on which six 5 tapered upper sleeves 9 rest. Twelve tapered lower sleeves 9 rest on four partitions 31 fixed to the inside of the chamber 1 and are rigidly supported on its walls by supports 32.

The pipe 26 for removing the liquid phase of the flotation compound is connected to the supply pipe 5 for the flotation mass supporting the coarse-grained mineral particles.

Connected to the pipe 5 is an intermediate pipe 33 which communicates with a source of flotation pulp (not shown) and an aerated liquid supply device 34 of any known design suitable for use. The intermediate pipe 33 is also connected to one end of the vertical pipe 35, the other end of which pipe 35 is connected to the liquid phase outlet pipe 26 of the flotation mass. An outlet pipe 36 is provided for cleaning the pipe 5.

20 The flotation machine shown works as follows.

Initially, the cylindrical chamber 1 (Fig. 1) for circulating the foaming mass is filled with water and a foaming agent, which is introduced into the foaming composition, which is conveyed simultaneously through the pipe 25 5, the intermediate pipe 33, the aeration liquid supply device 34 and the foaming aerators 10. At the same time, compressed air is supplied to the annular collector 16 through a pipe 17 and is then introduced through flexible hoses 20 attached to the nipples 19 of the flexible pulp aerators 10.

The liquid is supplied under pressure to an annular collector 11 through a vertical pipe 112, which is then conveyed from the collector 11 through nipples 13 and flexible hoses 14 to mass aerators 10. The operation of the aerators 10 is visually monitored by estimating the aerated liquid jets exiting their outlets. existence.

When the interior of the chamber 1 is filled with water, a foaming agent and an aerated liquid, a permanent foam layer 5 is formed on the surface of the liquid phase of the foaming mass. As this foam layer rises to the upper edge of the chamber 1, it begins to flow over said edge into the foam mass collecting trough 7.

This water and foam generating agent is then fed at such a rate as to ensure that the level of the foam layer is very close to the upper edge of the pulp circulation chamber 1. A portion of the liquid introduced into the chamber 1 flows from the waste rock removal pipe 6. The flotation mass carrying the fine mineral particles, which particles are able to float up from the main part of the aerated mass 15, is then fed through the pipe 5 into the chamber 1.

At the same time, the flotation mass containing coarse-grained mineral particles is conveyed through pipes 25 to the cylindrical jacket 22 of the hydrocyclone 21.

In the cylindrical jacket 22 of the hydrocyclone, the flow of pulp 20 swirls, whereby centrifugal forces centrifuge solid particles towards the walls of the cylindrical jacket and are then removed through the hopper 24 to the horn-shaped surface of the plate 28. The flange 27, the axial hole diameter of which is smaller than the diameter 25 of the hydrocyclone jacket 22, acts as a trap for coarse-grained mineral particles through the tube 26 with the liquid phase of the flotation mass removed from the hydrocyclone. On this surface, the velocity of the solids decreases and they are transported evenly to the surface of the foam layer of the pulp. In this connection, the coarse-grained particles of the useful material treated with the flotation reagents remain in the foam layer and are pressed into the trough 7, while instead the wreckage is pressed into the bottom of the chamber 1 and removed from the chamber 1 via the pipe 6. The liquid phase of the pulp and some of the finer particles of mineral enter the top of the cylindrical shell 22 of the hydrocyclone through an opening in the flange • 14 94599 27 and are then removed from inside the hydrocyclone via a pipe 26. The liquid phase of the flotation mass containing too much oily reagents flows through the tube 35, the tube 33 and the tube 5 into the chamber 1.

The removal of oil reagents having foam-suppressing properties by the liquid phase of the foaming mass from the cylindrical jacket of the hydrocyclone does not interfere with the stability of the foam layer or its supporting ability to obtain efficient particles of the bulk material 10 from the useful mineral material.

The use of a hydrocyclone allows a more even distribution of the solid particles on the surface of the foam layer.

The supply of the flotation mass from inside the hydrocyclone to the chamber 1 also requires a smaller total amount of mass, the ingredients of which can contaminate the environment.

When a stream of aerated mass containing finely divided mineral particles is conveyed from the axial chamber 1, air bubbles continuously entering the chamber 1 from the aerators 10 and the aerated liquid supply device tend to adhere to the particles of mineral useful material.

The stream of aerated mass moves up axially into the chamber 1, mainly inside the tapered sleeves 9, and traps mineral solid particles. As the Kul-25 swings upward, the flow expands and slows down and becomes less turbulent. The rising flow of aerated mass is continuously impregnated with air bubbles. At the top of the chamber 1, the tapered orienting element 29 changes the direction of flow towards the foam mass collecting trough 7. The top layer of foam-supporting foam 30 moves in the same direction to form a continuous overflow into the chute 7. Some solid particles of the mineral are conveyed to the space between the tapered sleeves 9. Outside the tapered sleeves 9, the particles of usable material with the remaining 35 air bubbles move upwards towards the foam layer, while instead the solids of the waste rock settle in the tapered bottom part 2 and are removed from the chamber 1 through the pipe 6.

Outside the slender 9, the solid particles of usable material 5 are foamed upstream as the air bubbles and mineral particles move in opposite directions.

In the light of the above, the particles of the useful material of the fine mineral continuously rise into the foam layer 10, remain in this layer, flow into the foam mass collection chute 7 and are removed through the pipes 8.

The foam mass obtained in the flotation machine shown includes a useful material of the mineral in the form of fine and coarse-15 fractions. The yield of usable material is up to 99%.

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Claims (1)

A flotation machine for enriching minerals, comprising a vertical-5 straight cylindrical chamber (1) for circulating flotation mass with tapered bottom parts (2), to which a pipe (5) is attached for feeding flotation mass (6) containing fine mineral particles and removing waste rock (6). , an annular chute (7) for collecting the foam mass, which chute is fixed to the upper part of the pulp circulation chamber (1), a plurality of tapered sleeves (9) fixed to the pulp circulation chamber (1) axially and equal to the height of the pulp circulation chamber (1) the height of the tapered slings and the angles of inclination of the lines of formation of their tapered surfaces 15 with respect to their axis of rotation being substantially equal, the larger diameter bases of the slender facing the upper part of said chamber (1) and being substantially in one tapered surface outside the tapered slender a, wherein the angle of inclination of said tapered surface forming line with its own axis of rotation is less than the angle of inclination of the tapered surface forming lines of the slender (9), one array of aerators (10) for aerating the pulp attached to the walls of the pulp recycling chamber (1); (1) a device (21) for feeding coarse-grained mineral particles, characterized in that the device for feeding coarse-grained mineral particles is in the form of a hydrocyclone and has at least one tube (25) for feeding coarse-grained mineral particles to the jacket (22), and a tube (26) for removing the liquid phase of the pulp, which tube is placed tangentially above the tube • 17 94599 (25) for feeding flotation mass carrying coarse-grained mineral particles, in communication with the tube (5) , which feeds a foaming mass supporting fine mineral particles and which is attached to a tapered base part (2). • 1 l8 94599 Flotation masks for flouring with mineral oil, one-sided flotation masks for circulating with flotation masses 5, with a fixed cylindrical chamber (1) with a fine-grained bottle (2), with a folding fastener for rust (5) for matting in the case of flotation masses in which the mineral particles have a finite fraction, and in the case of a ring (6) for a spindle, in a ring shape (7) for an uptake of a sparkling mass, in the form of a pulp ring (1) (9) in the axle box of mass storage chambers (1) and in the case of mass circuits in the mass chamber (1) höjd, varvid de koniska hylsornas höjd, 15 och lutningsvinklarna hers nilläl y yal vridaxel är väsentli-gen lika Stora, varvid hylsornas bottnar med den större diametern är vända mot kammarens (1) övre del och befinner sig pä väsentligen en avsmalnande yta utanf In the case of a conveyor belt of 20, the color of the image of the image line and the value of the value of the signal line (10) ), with or without mass fractionation (1) anordnad anordning (21) for maturation of mineral particles with a gravel fractionation, känneteck-n ad av with anordningen for the construction of mineral particles with a gravel fractionation with hydrocyclones and 25 for the measurement of the flotation mass in the case of gravel fractions, the drive is tangential to the tangential path of the hydrocyclone cylindrical mantle (22), and to the rake (26) for the drive to the masses of the hydrocyclic cylindrical mantle (22), the drive is tangential to the tension (25) for 35 matings from flotation masses with mineral particles of 94599 19 gravity fractions and r i förbindelse med röret (5), med vilket flotationsmas som bär mineralpartiklar med fina fractionation matas oc vil vilke är fastgjort i bottendelen (2).