FI92506C - A method for forming a concrete structure in bulk material from the ground level and an apparatus for carrying out the method - Google Patents
A method for forming a concrete structure in bulk material from the ground level and an apparatus for carrying out the method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FI92506C FI92506C FI913689A FI913689A FI92506C FI 92506 C FI92506 C FI 92506C FI 913689 A FI913689 A FI 913689A FI 913689 A FI913689 A FI 913689A FI 92506 C FI92506 C FI 92506C
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- Finland
- Prior art keywords
- erosion
- head
- casting
- borehole
- unit
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 239000011381 foam concrete Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- KEUKAQNPUBYCIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethaneperoxoic acid;hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO.CC(=O)OO KEUKAQNPUBYCIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008237 rinsing water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/29—Obtaining a slurry of minerals, e.g. by using nozzles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
- Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
Description
9250692506
Menetelmå betonirakenteen muodostamiseksi irtonaiseen ainekseen maan tasolta ja laitteisto menetelmån toteuttamiseksi Forfarande for att bygga en betongstruktur i lost material, 5 från markytans plan och anlåggning for att genomfora forfarandet 10 Tåmån keksinnon kohteena on prosessi betonirakenteen muodostamiseksi irtonaiseen ainekseen maan tasolta kayttamållå pyorivåå eroosiopååtå ja pyorivåå jålkivalu-påata, joka on varustettu poranterållå, jonka tyyppiå on kuvattu yksityiskohtaisem-min myohemmin esitettåvån riippumattoman prosessivaatimuksen 1 johdanto-osassa. Keksinnon kohteena on myos laitteisto sanotun yllåkuvatun prosessin toteuttamisek-15 si.The present invention relates to a process for forming a concrete structure in bulk from a ground level. a head provided with a drill bit, the type of which is described in more detail in the preamble of independent process claim 1, which will be presented later. The invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying out the process described above.
Tåmån keksinnon kohteena on pysyvien rakenne-elementtien muodostaminen irtonaiseen ainekseen ilman ennalta suoritettavia tavanomaisia kaivamistoimintoja ja våliaikaisia turvallisuustoimenpiteita.It is an object of the present invention to form permanent structural elements in bulk material without prior conventional excavation operations and temporary safety measures.
2020
Hieman yleiståen voidaan sanoa, ettå useimmilla nykyåån kåytettåvillå prosesseilla pysyvien rakenne-elementtien muodostamiseksi irtonaiseen ainekseen saadaan aikaan suhteellisen pieniå parannuksia prosesseihin, jotka kehitettiin 40-50 vuotta si tten. Nykyinen teknologia perustuu myos suureen kåsityoprosenttiin, mika johtaa 25 korkeisiin kokonaiskustannuksiin johtuen mm. kaivamisesta, laudoituksesta ja yhden osuuden valamisesta kerrallaan. Kalliita våliaikaisia rakenteita esim. injektointia, maavahvikkeita ja tuettuja suojaseinåmiå vårten on pystytettåvå, ennen kuin pysyvå rakenne voidaan muodostaa.Somewhat generally, it can be said that most of the processes currently in use for forming permanent structural elements into loose material provide relatively small improvements to the processes developed 40-50 years ago. The current technology is also based on a high processing rate, which leads to 25 high total costs due to e.g. digging, boarding and casting one section at a time. Expensive temporary structures such as grouting, earth reinforcements and supported protective walls must be erected before a permanent structure can be formed.
30 Tåmån keksinnon mukaisen prosessin edut johtuvat siitå, ettå se sallii porauksen irtonaiseen ainekseen maan tasolta joko sisållå tai ulkona maaperan tyypista . riippumatta tarvittavalle tasolle vedenpitåvien ja pysyvien rakenteiden muodostamiseksi. Kun rakenne on viimeistelty maahan, maastossa olevat ainoat haavat, jotka 2 92506 nåkyvåt pinnalla, ovat lieviå "porausreikiå", ts. reikiå, joiden halkaisija on noin 15 cm.The advantages of the process of the present invention are due to the fact that it allows drilling in loose material from the ground level either indoors or outdoors depending on the type of soil. regardless of the level required to form watertight and permanent structures. Once the structure is finished in the ground, the only wounds in the terrain that 2 92506 are visible on the surface are slight "boreholes", i.e., holes with a diameter of about 15 cm.
Keksinnon mukainen prosessi ja laitteisto tekevåt tietyistå muista tavanomaisista 5 toiminnoista tarpeettomia, joita ovat esimerkiksi maaperån tasoitustoimenpiteet, kuten jåådyttåminen, injektointi, kaivaminen, laudoitus, valaminen sekå pump-pauskaivot, maan kompensointi ja epåmukavuuden kompensoinnit. Saavutetaan myos rakennusajan lyheneminen.The process and apparatus according to the invention make certain other conventional functions unnecessary, such as soil leveling measures, such as freezing, grouting, excavation, boarding, pouring as well as pumping wells, soil compensation and discomfort compensation. A reduction in construction time is also achieved.
10 Yllåmainittu saavutetaan keksinnon mukaisesti piirteiden avulla, jotka on esitetty allaolevan riippumattoman prosessivaatimuksen 1 tunnusmerkkiosassa seka myohem-misså patenttivaatimuksissa, ja laitteiston avulla, jonka piirteet on esitetty allaolevan laitteistovaatimuksen 3 tunnusmerkkiosassa ja seuraavissa vaatimuksissa.The above is achieved according to the invention by means of the features set out in the characterizing part of independent process claim 1 below and in the following claims, and by means of the apparatus, the features of which are set out in the characterizing part of hardware claim 3 below and the following claims.
15 Kun tunnelirakenne rakennetaan maahan nykyåan tunnettujen prosessien avulla, tunnelin sisåpuolelle jååvå irtonainen aines kaivetaan pois. Tåmå tarkoittaa sitå, ettå jåijestetåån betonikuori, josta irtonainen aines on poistettava kovettumisen j ål keen. Nykyisen teknologian avulla on kåytånnollisesti katsoen mahdotonta rakentaa tunnelia irtonaiseen ainekseen ilman laajoja kaivamistoimintoja ja irtonaisen 20 aineksen stabiloimistoimenpiteita.15 When a tunnel structure is built into the ground using currently known processes, the loose material remaining inside the tunnel is excavated. This means that a concrete shell must be laid, from which the loose material must be removed after hardening. With current technology, it is virtually impossible to build a tunnel into loose material without extensive excavation operations and stabilization measures for loose material.
« <1 Tåmån keksinnon prosessi ja laitteisto soveltuvat myos hyvin tunneleiden (tierumpu-jen) rakentamiseen olemassaolevien rautatieraiteiden ja teiden alle håiritsemåttå risteysrautatiellå tai tielinjalla kulkevaa liikennetta. Tåmånhetkisten menetelmien 25 yhteydesså nåmå ovat ongelmia, jotka voitaisiin ratkaista ainoastaan våliaikaisilla sivuteillå tai sivuraiteilla, jotka ovat sinånså kalliita jåijestelyjå.The process and apparatus of the present invention are also well suited for the construction of tunnels (road drums) under existing railway tracks and roads without disturbing traffic on a level crossing or road line. In the context of the current methods 25, these are problems that could only be solved by temporary sidings or sidings, which are in themselves expensive arrangements.
Tåta keksintoå kuvataan yksityiskohtaisemmin alla piirustuksiin viitaten, joissa 20 Kuvio 1 on kaaviomainen etukuva laitteistosta tåmån keksinnon mukaisen prosessin toteuttamiseksi, joka on esitetty asennossa, jossa poraus on suoritettu ja ennen kuin eroosio- ja jålkivalutoimenpiteet on aloitettu;The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings, in which Figure 1 is a schematic front view of an apparatus for carrying out the process of the present invention shown in the position in which drilling has taken place and before erosion and post-casting operations have begun;
IIII
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Kuvio 2 on kaaviomainen pystykuva laitteistosta, joka on jåijestetty puskutraktorin kairauslaitteistoon;Figure 2 is a schematic elevational view of the equipment arranged in the bulldozer drilling equipment;
Kuvioissa 3-5 esitetaån prosessin periaate kolmessa vaiheessa, jotka kåsittåvåt 5 porausreian alkavan eroosion, porausreian laajentamisen eroosion avulla ja poraus-reiån jatketun laajentamisen sen korkeussuunnassa sekå porausreian samanaikaisen jålkivalun betonilla tåsså jåijestyksesså.Figures 3-5 show the principle of the process in three stages, comprising 5 initial borehole erosion, borehole expansion by erosion and further borehole expansion in its height direction, and simultaneous post-casting of the borehole with concrete in this sequence.
Kuviossa 1 laitteisto esitetaån asennossa, johon on saavuttu maahan porattaessa 10 ennen poratun reiån eroosiota ja porausreian jålkivalua, joka reika laajennetaan eroosiolla.In Fig. 1, the apparatus is shown in the position reached during drilling in the ground 10 before the erosion of the drilled hole and the post-casting of the borehole, which hole is expanded by erosion.
Laitteisto kåsittåå kaksi yksikkoå, eli eroosioyksikon 2 ja jålkivaluyksikon 3 betonilla tapahtuvaa jålkivalua vårten.The equipment comprises two units, i.e. for the post-casting of concrete in the erosion unit 2 and the post-casting unit 3.
1515
Eroosioyksikko kåsittåå eroosiopåån 2a, johon on jåijestetty alimmaiseksi porante-rå 2b. Jålkimmåisen alapuolelta eroosiosuulake 2c on varustettu vesisuulakkeella ja kasittaå sen, jota ympåroi ilmasuulake veden ja ilman såteittåisen suihkuvirran ejektoimiseksi. Eroosioyksikko kasittåå edelleen ohjausputken 8, jolle yllåmainitut 20 komponentit on asennettu ja jonka kautta vesi- ja ilmakanavat etenevåt sanottujen ; eroosiosuulakkeiden 2c syottåmiseksi. Ohjausputki 8 on asennettu laakerille 8a, jota voidaan nostaa ja laskea sekå pyorittåå, ja pyoritysmoottori 8b on jåijestetty runkoon 6a. Ohjausputki 8 on yhdistetty ylimmåstå pååståan ilman-ja vedensyotto-kanaviin 10 ja 11 tåsså jåijestyksesså kååntoelimien 10a vålityksellå.The erosion unit comprises an erosion head 2a, in which a bore 2b is arranged at the bottom. Below the latter, the erosion nozzle 2c is provided with a water nozzle and encloses it surrounded by an air nozzle for ejecting a radial jet stream of water and air. The erosion unit further comprises a guide tube 8 on which the above-mentioned 20 components are mounted and through which the water and air ducts pass through said; to feed the erosion nozzles 2c. The guide tube 8 is mounted on a bearing 8a which can be raised and lowered as well as rotated, and the rotating motor 8b is arranged in the frame 6a. The guide tube 8 is connected at its upper end to the air and water intake ducts 10 and 11 in this arrangement via the control members 10a.
25 Jålkivaluyksikko 3 sekå jålkivalupåå 3a ja poranterå 3b on asennettu pydritettå-våsti ja nostettavasti sekå laskettavasti laakerille 9a, ja pyoritysmoottori 9b on jåijestetty runkoon 6b, ja yksikko 3 on yhdistetty ylimmåisestå pååståan betonin-syottokanavaan kååntoelimien 1 la vålityksellå.The post-casting unit 3 as well as the post-casting head 3a and the drill bit 3b are mounted on a bearing 9a in a rotatable and liftable and lowering manner, and the rotating motor 9b is arranged in the frame 6b, and the unit 3 is connected to the upper end of the concrete
Rungot 6a ja 6b muodostavat hammastangon, jossa on sååtoelimet 7 runkojen 6a, 6b keskinåistå erotusta vårten. Hammastangon 6 tarkoituksena on kiinnittyå 30 4 92506 såådettåvåsti kairauslaitteistoon F, esim. tyontotraktorin kairauslaitteistoon, kuten kuviossa 2 on esitetty, sinånså tunnettujen elinten Ft vålityksellå, joiden avulla laitteistoa voidaan nostaa ja laskea sekå kallistaa painesylintereiden avulla sinånsa tunnetulla tavalla, kuten kuviossa 2 on esitetty. Eroosiopååtå 2a ja jålkivalupååtå 5 3a voidaan kåyttåå nåin olien itsenåisesti laskemista, nostamista ja pyoritystå vårten tåssa jåijestyksessa. Runkoja 6a, 6b voidaan liikuttaa toisiaan kohti ja toisistaan poispåin eroosiopåån 2a ja jålkivalupåan 3a vålisen keskietåisyyden C sååtåmiseksi. Kuten piirustuksissa, kuviossa 1, on esitetty, sååtoelin 7 muodostuu såådettåvistå teleskooppisauvoista 7a, jotka yhdiståvåt rungot 6a ja 6b.The frames 6a and 6b form a rack with adjusting members 7 for the mutual separation of the frames 6a, 6b. The purpose of the rack 6 is to be connected in an adjustable manner to the drilling rig F, e.g. the drilling rig of the work tractor, as shown in Fig. 2, by means Ft known per se, by means of which the rig can be raised and lowered by means of pressure cylinders 2. The erosion end 2a and the post-casting end 5 3a can thus be used independently for lowering, lifting and turning in this order. The bodies 6a, 6b can be moved towards and away from each other to adjust the center distance C between the erosion head 2a and the post-casting head 3a. As shown in the drawings, in Fig. 1, the adjusting member 7 consists of adjustable telescopic rods 7a connecting the frames 6a and 6b.
1010
Olake 12 on jåijestetty ohjausputken 8 ympårille erodoidun irtonaisen aineksen kerååmiseksi ja ohjaamiseksi porausrei’istå såådettåvållå tavalla massa- ja tiheysmittarin vålityksellå, jotta voidaan laskea erodoidun aukon, eli laajennetun aukon tilavuus. Eroosiopåån 2a ja jålkivalupåan 3a vålistå keskietaisyyttå voidaan 15 sååtåå såadettåvien erotuselimien 7a avulla laajennetun porausreiån 4a suunnitellun halkaisijan mukaisesti.A shoulder 12 is arranged around the guide tube 8 for collecting and guiding the eroded loose material from the borehole in an adjustable manner by means of a mass and density meter in order to calculate the volume of the eroded opening, i.e. the expanded opening. The average distance between the erosion head 2a and the post-casting head 3a can be adjusted by means of adjustable separating members 7a according to the designed diameter of the expanded bore 4a.
Jålkivaluyksikko 3 kåsittåå pidennettåvåt jålkivaluputket 9.After casting unit 3, the casting tubes 9 are extended.
20 Kun sanottua prosessia toteutetaan yllåmainitun laitteiston avulla, eroosioyksikko 2 ja jålkivaluyksikko 3 porataan kallioon tai tukevaan maahan yksikkojen 2 ja 3 vålisellå ennaltamååritetyllå keskietåisyydellå C. Hyvån kalliokosketuksen aikaansaamiseen kåytetåån ainoastaan alaspåin suunnattua, eroosiopååsså 2a olevaa eroosiosuulaketta 2d. Kalliopinnan eroosion aikana eroosiopåatå 2a ja ohjausputkea 25 8 vedetåån ylospåin ei-esitettyjen nostoelimien avulla. Ylosvetåminen tapahtuu hitaasti jatkuvan pyorimisen ja erittåin puristetun veden ja ilman samanaikaisen ejektion aikana 100-1000 barin korkeassa paineessa vesi- ja ilmasuulakkeesta 2c. Sanottu ilman ympåroimå vesisuihku murtaa hiukkasrakenteen ja liuottaa poraus-reiåsså 4 olevaan maan, joka reikå on porattu eroosiopåån 2a poranterållå 2b.When said process is carried out by means of the above-mentioned equipment, the erosion unit 2 and the post-casting unit 3 are drilled into the rock or supporting soil at a predetermined center distance C between the units 2 and 3. During the erosion of the rock surface, the erosion head 2a and the guide pipe 25 8 are pulled upwards by means of lifting means (not shown). Pulling out takes place slowly during continuous rotation and simultaneous ejection of highly compressed water and air at a high pressure of 100-1000 bar from the water and air nozzle 2c. Said water jet surrounding the air breaks the particle structure and dissolves the soil in the borehole 4, which hole is drilled in the drill bit 2b of the erosion head 2a.
30 Nåin muodostuu laajennettu porausreika 4a, jolla on toivottu halkaisija, joka voidaan mitata sinånså tunnetulla laitteistolla, jota ei kuvata tåsså yhteydessa yksityiskohtai-sesti. Tållå tavoin muodostuu lieriomåinen erodoitu aukko, joka muodostaa sanotunThus, an expanded bore 4a is formed having a desired diameter, which can be measured with equipment known per se, which will not be described in detail in this connection. In this way, a cylindrical eroded opening is formed which forms said
IIII
5 92506 laajennetun porausreiån 4a. Suurpainesuihkun 5a suulakkeen 2c synnyttåmån ylipaineen avulla alashuuhdottu materiaali E pakotetaan kohti pintaa porausreiån 4 ja sanotun olakkeen 12 vålityksellå. Samanaikaisesti aukon 4a muodostamisen kanssa korkealuokkaista betonia D pumpataan jålkivalupåallå 3a varustetun jålkiva-5 luputken 9 låpi aukon 4a tåyttåmiseksi, mikå aiheuttaa myos tyontymisen ylospåin materiaalin E porausreiån kautta, joka murrettiin huuhtomalla. Betoni D voidaan varustaa lisåaineilla, jotka tekevåt siitå vettåhylkivån siten, ettå eroosiosuihkun 5a aukkoon 4a aiheuttamat virtaukset saavat minimimåårån sideainetta irtautumaan betonista D.5 92506 expanded bore 4a. By means of the overpressure generated by the nozzle 2c of the high-pressure jet 5a, the material flushed down is forced towards the surface through the bore 4 and said shoulder 12. Simultaneously with the formation of the opening 4a, the high-quality concrete D is pumped through the post-pouring pipe 9 provided with the post-casting head 3a to fill the opening 4a, which also causes pushing upwards through the bore of the material E, which was broken by rinsing. The concrete D can be provided with additives which make it water-repellent so that the flows caused by the erosion jet 5a to the opening 4a cause a minimum amount of binder to detach from the concrete D.
1010
Kun ohjausputkea 8 sekå eroosiopååtå 2a ja jålkivaluputkea 9 ja jålkivalupååtå 3a vedetåån ylos, jålkivalupåån 3a tulisi sijoittua suositeltavasti ainakin 0.5 m eroosiosuihkusuulakkeen 2c alapuolelle, jos viimeksimainittu on toiminnassa, jotta voidaan våhentåå erodoituun tilaan syntyviå vahingollisia virtauksia, jotka voivat 15 poistaa sideainetta betonista D.When the guide tube 8 as well as the erosion end 2a and the post-casting tube 9 and the post-casting end 3a are pulled up, the post-casting head 3a should preferably be located at least 0.5 m below the erosion jet nozzle 2c.
Porausreikå erodoidaan ilma- ja vesisuihkun 5c avulla toivotulle tasolle H, kun eroosiopååtå 2a vedetåån ylospåin, minkå jålkeen eroosio pysåytetåån. Aukon 4a jålkivalua betonilla D jatketaan jålkivaluputken 9 samanaikaisen ylosvetåmisen 20 aikana, kunnes aukko 4a tåyttyy, mikå tarkistetaan erodoituneen aineksen avulla, . joka on pakotettu ylospåin porausreiån 4 kautta. Kun aukko 4a on tåysin tåytetty, tållainen aines korvataan ylospuristetulla betonin D sementtisideaineella.The borehole is eroded by means of an air and water jet 5c to the desired level H when the erosion head 2a is pulled upwards, after which the erosion is stopped. The post-casting of the opening 4a with the concrete D is continued during the simultaneous pull-out 20 of the post-casting pipe 9 until the opening 4a is filled, which is checked by means of eroded material,. which is forced upwards through the bore 4. When the opening 4a is completely filled, such a material is replaced by an extruded concrete cementitious binder D.
Kuviossa 3 esitetåån nåin olien eroosiopåå 2a ja jålkivalupåå 3a, jotka on porattu 25 toivottuun syvyyteen maahan A, ja eroosiopååstå 2a tuleva viimeistelevå alaspåin suunnattu eroosiosuihku 5b kalliopohjan puhdistamiseksi. Kun sanottu eroosiosuihku 5b pååttyy, suulakkeen 2c eroosiopalkld 5a kåynnistetåån porausreiån 4 laajen-tamiseksi ja laajennetun porausreiån 4a ja tåtå myotå toivotun aukon aikaansaami-seksi, kuten kuviossa 4 on esitetty, jolla aukolla on toivottu halkaisija B ja toivottu 30 korkeus H, kuten kuviossa 5 on esitetty.Figure 3 thus shows the erosion head 2a and the after-casting head 3a drilled to the desired depth in the ground A and the finishing downward erosion jet 5b coming from the erosion head 2a to clean the bedrock. When said erosion jet 5b is completed, the erosion beam 5a of the nozzle 2c is started to widen the bore 4 and to provide an expanded bore 4a and thus a desired opening as shown in Fig. 4, with the desired height H in Fig. 4 and has been presented.
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Kuviossa 4 esitetåån porausreiån alkava laajeneminen eroosiopåån 2a pyorimisen ja ylosvetåmisen aikana, kun taas jålkivalupåållå 3a varustettu syottoputki 9 on levossa kehåasennossa laajennetun porausreiån 4a alaosassa.Figure 4 shows the onset of expansion of the borehole during the rotation and pull-out of the erosion head 2a, while the feed pipe 9 provided with the post-casting head 3a is at rest in the circumferential position at the bottom of the expanded borehole 4a.
5 Kuviossa 5 esitetaån seuraava vaihe, jossa eroosiopåå 2a on vedetty ylospain suunnilleen laajennetun porausreiån toivottuun korkeuteen H ja jossa betonia D syotetåan syottoputken 9 låpi laajennetun porausreiån 4a tåyttåmiseksi. Tåtå toimintoa jatketaan, kunnes laajennettu porausreikå 4a on tåytetty.Fig. 5 shows the next step, in which the erosion head 2a is pulled up to approximately the desired height H of the expanded borehole, and in which concrete D is fed through the feed pipe 9 to fill the expanded borehole 4a. This operation is continued until the expanded bore 4a is filled.
10 Kuvioissa 4 ja 5 on esitetty laajennetut porausreiåt 4a, joilla on olennaisesti pyoreå poikkileikkaus ja toivottu halkaisija B, jotka johtavat betonin D lieriomåiseen rakenteeseen.Figures 4 and 5 show expanded boreholes 4a with a substantially circular cross-section and a desired diameter B leading to a cylindrical structure of concrete D.
Eroosiosuihkun aikaansaamiseksi, ts. ilma- ja vesisuihkun 5a kåantamiseksi 15 eteenpåin ja taaksepåin sektorin poikki eroosiopåån 2a vastaavan pyorimisen avulla, voidaan jåijeståå betonirakenne, jolla on vastaava poikkileikkaus.In order to obtain an erosion jet, i.e. to carry the air and water jet 5a forward and backwards across the sector by means of a corresponding rotation of the erosion head 2a, a concrete structure having a corresponding cross-section can be arranged.
Kun eroosiopååtå 2a on pyoritetty tåysin ilma-vesisuihkun 5 eroosiopaineen samanaikaisen sååtamisen aikana, on mahdollista esim. saada aikaan betonira-20 kenteita, joilla on soikeat poikkileikkaukset, kuten soikeita pinoja pyorityspåån 2a pyori mi skul masta riippuen.When the erosion end 2a is completely rotated during the simultaneous adjustment of the erosion pressure of the air-water jet 5, it is possible, for example, to provide concrete structures with oval cross-sections, such as oval stacks depending on the rotation angle of the rotation head 2a.
Tåmån keksinnon mukainen prosessi voidaan toteuttaa kaikentyyppisesså maassa. Tåmå prosessi soveltuu siten saveen, mutaan ja soraan sekå useimpiin tayteainei-25 siin, moreeniin ja suoperåiseen råmeeseen/turpeeseen.The process of this invention can be implemented in any type of country. This process is thus suitable for clay, mud and gravel, as well as most aggregates, moraine and peatland.
Eroosio- ja jålkivaluprosessi voidaan toteuttaa koheesiomaassa haluttaessa kahdessa vaiheessa, koska koheesiomaissa olevat siirtymåjånnitykset eståvåt tavallisesti erodoitua aukkoa luhistumasta, jos se on tåytetty vedellå. Jos eroosio- ja jålkivalu-30 prosessi toteutetaan kahdessa vaiheessa, saavutetaan useita etuja:The erosion and post-casting process can be carried out in the cohesion country in two stages if desired, because the transition stresses in the cohesion countries usually prevent the eroded opening from collapsing if it is filled with water. If the erosion and post-casting-30 process is carried out in two stages, several advantages are achieved:
IIII
7 92506 1. Paikallista irtonaista ainesta estetåån sekoittumista betonin kanssa, koska jålkivalu suoritetaan aukon (laudoituksen) normaalivalun tavoin veden alia.7 92506 1. Local loose material is prevented from mixing with the concrete, as post-casting is carried out under water, like normal casting of an opening (planking).
2. Paluuaineksessa oleva betoni ylospåin porausreiån 4 låpi, joka aines muodostuu 5 erodoidusta materiaalista ja eroosiosuihkusta 5a tulevasta lisatysta vedesta, vålte- tåån. Jos paluuaineksen tilavuutta ja tiheytta mitataan jatkuvasti massa- ja tiheysmit-tarilla 12, joka on yhdistetty porausreiåsså 4 olevaan olakkeeseen 12, on myohem-min mahdollista laskea erodoidun aukon 4a tilavuus. Koska aukon 4a korkeus H -mahdollisesti pituus, jos porausreika 4 on vino tai vaakasuora - on aina tunnettu, sen 10 keskihalkaisija C voidaan myos laskea.2. Concrete in the return material is avoided through the borehole 4, which consists of eroded material 5 and added water from the erosion jet 5a. If the volume and density of the return material are continuously measured by a mass and density meter 12 connected to a shoulder 12 in the borehole 4, it is later possible to calculate the volume of the eroded opening 4a. Since the height H of the opening 4a - possibly the length if the borehole 4 is oblique or horizontal - is always known, its mean diameter C 10 can also be calculated.
3. On mahdollista suorittaa tarkka kartoitus aukon 4a mååråstå akustisen koettimen avulla, joka voidaan laskea aukkoon. Pyorittamållå koetinta systemaattisesti sitå yldsvedettåessa koko leveys, tavallisesti halkaisija B, voidaan kartoittaa.3. It is possible to perform an accurate mapping of the amount of the opening 4a by means of an acoustic probe which can be lowered into the opening. By systematically rotating the probe while pulling it up, the entire width, usually diameter B, can be mapped.
1515
Molemmat toiminnot, eli eroosio ja jålkivalu, on suoritettava kitkamaaperissa yhtenå toimintona, koska jåijestetty aukko 4a yleensa luhistuu, ennen kuin jålkivalu betonilla D on suoritettu loppuun. Aukko, eli laajennettu porausreikå 4a, voidaan kuitenkin stabiloida, jos aukkoon syotetåån raskasta stabilointinestettå, esim. 20 bentoniittiå. Sanottu neste pyrkii kuitenkin sekoittumaan paluuaineksen, eli maaperi-en ja huuhtomisveden, kanssa siten, ettå måårå, eli rakenteen/pinon leveys B, voidaan mitata ainoastaan akustisen koettimen avulla tai mittaamalla betonin D tilavuus, joka on valettu aukkoon 4a.Both operations, i.e. erosion and post-casting, have to be performed in the friction soil as one operation, because the stacked opening 4a usually collapses before the post-casting with concrete D is completed. However, the opening, i.e. the extended bore 4a, can be stabilized if a heavy stabilizing fluid, e.g. 20 bentonite, is fed into the opening. However, said liquid tends to mix with the return material, i.e. soil and rinsing water, so that the amount, i.e. the width B of the structure / stack, can only be measured by means of an acoustic probe or by measuring the volume of concrete D poured into the opening 4a.
25 Yllå mainittiin, ettå eroosiopåån 2a ja jålkivalupåån 3a vålistå etåisyyttå voidaan . sååtåå hammastangossa 6 olevien teleskooppisauvojen 7a avulla. On nåin olien mahdollista varmistaa, ettå jålkivalupåå 3a ja eroosiopåå 2a saavat toivotun keskinåisen keskietåisyyden, kun ne on porattu maahan A, minkå ansiosta jålkivalupåå 3a saadaan sijoittumaan erodoidun/laajennetun porausreiån 4a kehålle, kuten 30 kuviossa 4 ja 5 on esitetty. Betoni D, joka siis injektoidaan suhteellisen paksun .. syottoputken 9 låpi, tåyttåå laajennetun porausreiån 4a reiån seinåmåsså olevasta 8 92506 paikasta ja karkottaa siten minka tahansa erodoidun aineksen ja veden ylospain porausreiån 4 låpi.It was mentioned above that the distance between the erosion head 2a and the post-casting head 3a can be. adjusted by means of telescopic rods 7a in the rack 6. It is thus possible to ensure that the post-casting head 3a and the erosion head 2a have the desired mutual center distance when drilled in the ground A, whereby the post-casting head 3a is arranged on the circumference of the eroded / expanded bore 4a, as shown in Figs. Concrete D, which is thus injected through a relatively thick .. feed pipe 9, fills the expanded borehole 4a from the location in the wall 8 92506 and thus expels any eroded material and water upwards through the borehole 4.
5 115 11
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO890420 | 1989-02-02 | ||
NO890420A NO167051C (en) | 1989-02-02 | 1989-02-02 | PROCEDURE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF CONCRETE CONSTRUCTIONS IN LOANS, FROM THE TERRACE LEVEL, AND EQUIPMENT FOR EXERCISING THE PROCEDURE |
PCT/NO1990/000025 WO1990008855A1 (en) | 1989-02-02 | 1990-02-01 | A process for building a concrete structure in loose matter, from ground level, and equipment for carrying out said process |
NO9000025 | 1990-02-01 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FI913689A0 FI913689A0 (en) | 1991-08-02 |
FI92506B FI92506B (en) | 1994-08-15 |
FI92506C true FI92506C (en) | 1994-11-25 |
Family
ID=19891690
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FI913689A FI92506C (en) | 1989-02-02 | 1991-08-02 | A method for forming a concrete structure in bulk material from the ground level and an apparatus for carrying out the method |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0457813B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2532751B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR0174725B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5090090A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69002615T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0457813T3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI92506C (en) |
NO (1) | NO167051C (en) |
RU (1) | RU2042012C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1990008855A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2701973B1 (en) * | 1993-02-22 | 1995-04-07 | Sif | Airlock installation for soil treatment device by rotary jet (s). |
US6957220B2 (en) | 2000-11-07 | 2005-10-18 | Research Investment Networks, Inc. | System, method and article of manufacture for tracking and supporting the distribution of content electronically |
SE0202501L (en) * | 2002-08-23 | 2004-02-24 | Soilex Ab | Ways to make a pole and / or a tie rod |
CN109441441B (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2022-02-22 | 华北科技学院 | Simulation test device and method for coal seam bottom plate multi-angle inclined drilling grouting process under pressure-bearing flowing water action |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FI65833C (en) * | 1977-12-27 | 1984-07-10 | Kajima Corp | SPRUTANORDNING FOER CEMENTVAELLING |
SE444195B (en) * | 1982-08-16 | 1986-03-24 | Nit Co Ltd | A method and apparatus for the injection of solidifying material into a depth of soil |
-
1989
- 1989-02-02 NO NO890420A patent/NO167051C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1990
- 1990-02-01 JP JP2503217A patent/JP2532751B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-02-01 AU AU50900/90A patent/AU5090090A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-02-01 EP EP90903056A patent/EP0457813B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-02-01 DK DK90903056.1T patent/DK0457813T3/en active
- 1990-02-01 WO PCT/NO1990/000025 patent/WO1990008855A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-02-01 KR KR1019900701981A patent/KR0174725B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-02-01 DE DE90903056T patent/DE69002615T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-08-02 FI FI913689A patent/FI92506C/en active
- 1991-08-02 RU SU915001470A patent/RU2042012C1/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1990008855A1 (en) | 1990-08-09 |
AU5090090A (en) | 1990-08-24 |
FI92506B (en) | 1994-08-15 |
DK0457813T3 (en) | 1993-12-27 |
FI913689A0 (en) | 1991-08-02 |
DE69002615D1 (en) | 1993-09-09 |
NO890420D0 (en) | 1989-02-02 |
DE69002615T2 (en) | 1993-11-11 |
NO890420L (en) | 1990-08-03 |
JP2532751B2 (en) | 1996-09-11 |
EP0457813B1 (en) | 1993-08-04 |
EP0457813A1 (en) | 1991-11-27 |
NO167051C (en) | 1991-09-25 |
RU2042012C1 (en) | 1995-08-20 |
NO167051B (en) | 1991-06-17 |
KR0174725B1 (en) | 1999-02-18 |
JPH07507362A (en) | 1995-08-10 |
KR910700383A (en) | 1991-03-15 |
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