FI90970C

FI90970C - Biogas reactor for the treatment of organic waste mass during waste management

Info

Publication number: FI90970C
Application number: FI921729A
Authority: FI
Inventors: Rune Westergaord; Leif Aokers; Jari Pulli; Jan West; Nils-Erik Lithen; Per-Olof Holm
Original assignee: Tri Technic Ab Oy; Avfallsservice Stormossen Jaet
Priority date: 1992-04-16
Filing date: 1992-04-16
Publication date: 1994-04-25
Also published as: FI921729A; FI921729A0; FI90970B

Description

i 90970in 90970

Biogasreaktor £ότ behandling av organisk avfallsmassa vid avfallshanterlngBiogas reactor £ behandlingτ treatment of organic waste mass in waste management

Uppfinningen avser en biogasreaktor fOr behandling 5 av organisk avfallsmassa vid avfallshanterlng, omfattande ett reaktorkarl med ett matningsrOr fOr inkommande organiskt fimne och med ett utloppsrOr fttr biogas samt med ett tbmningsttppning ftir humusmassa, sand etc., i vilken reaktor blomassa omfattande till v&sentlig mangd organiskt avfall 10 samt vatten rdtas fOr erhållande av metangas.The invention relates to a biogas reactor for treating organic waste pulp in waste management, comprising a reactor vessel with an incoming organic feed and with an outlet pipe for biogas as well as a drain plug for humus pulp, sand etc. And water is obtained to obtain methane gas.

Det ar kant att hantera avfallsmaterial i biogasan-laggningar fdir produktion av metangas. I en dylik process uppkommer också vatten och humusmassa. Metangasen kan bran-nas fOr erhållande av energi; vattnet återfttrs till proces-15 sen och; humusmassan kan anvandas som vaxtunderlag och fyllnadsmaterial. BiogasanlSggningens centrala del utgOrs av biogasreaktorn i vilken sker rOtning. Med rOtning avses en process, vari organiskt amne får sOnderfalla i anaero-bisk miljO. Man strdvar att helt rbta det organiska amnet 20 så att dess energi biir helt tillvaratagen. Under sOnder-fallningen uppstår metangas.It is important to handle waste material in biogas plants for the production of methane gas. In such a process, water and humus pulp also arise. The methane gas can be burned to obtain energy; the water is returned to the process and; the humus pulp can be used as a growth substrate and filling material. The central part of the biogas plant is made up of the biogas reactor in which rotting occurs. Rooting refers to a process in which organic matter is allowed to decompose in anaerobic environment. Efforts are made to completely correct the organic matter 20 so that its energy is fully recovered. During the decay, methane gas is produced.

Kanda biogasreaktorer omfattar stora lodrata karl, vilkas hiJjd kan vara några tiotal meter, varvid diametern ar i storleksordningen ca 10 meter. Reaktorkar lets volym ar 25 gjord så stor att flere tiotal dygns- eller dagsransoner blomassa kan bli behandlad i samma karl. 1 och med att ny massa matas in måste gammalt rOtat material tagas bort från karlet.Canadian biogas reactors include large vertical vessels, the height of which can be a few tens of meters, the diameter being of the order of about 10 meters. Reactor dryers volume of 25 is made so large that several dozen daily or daily rations can be treated in the same man. 1 and with new mass being fed in, old rotted material must be removed from the man.

Problemet med de kanda biogasreaktorema ar, att den 30 nya massan som matas in 1 reaktorkarlet faller på grund av sin stora tathet ned 1 karlets botten, varifrån den åtmins-tone delvis biir avtappad ur karlet innan den helt har riJtats. På grund av det sagda går en hel del energi, som finns i den relativt farska massan till spillo: massan har 35 ej helt rOtats och hunnit bilda all den metangas som skulle vara mOjlig ifall den fick rOtas tillrackligt lange.The problem with the known biogas reactors is that the new mass fed into the reactor vessel falls due to its large density into the bottom of the vessel, from which it at least partially bleeds out of the vessel before it has been completely withdrawn. Because of the aforementioned, a lot of energy, which is present in the relatively fresh mass, is wasted: the mass has not completely cured and has formed all the methane gas that would be possible if it were allowed to cure long enough.

2 I avsikt att erhålla mer metangas ur det organiska materialet som matas in reaktorn har man konstrueret in-vecklade reaktorkarl, vilka varit fOrsedda med roterande delar (och med eventuella tiliagsuppvarmningsanordningar).In order to obtain more methane gas from the organic material fed into the reactor, intricate reactor vessels have been constructed, which have been provided with rotating parts (and with any additional heaters).

5 I FI-patentansOkan 872943 finns visad en kand tamligen invecklad reaktor med rOrliga delar som speciellt ar utsat-ta fOr hårt slitage av det nOtande materialet som som skall rOtas.In FI Patent Application 872943, there is shown a rather complicated reactor with movable parts which are particularly exposed to severe wear of the abrasive material to be rotted.

FOreliggande uppfinning avser en biogasreaktor som 10 har hOg verkningsgrad jamfOrt med de kanda reaktorerne.The present invention relates to a biogas reactor having high efficiency compared to the known reactors.

I detta syfte ar fOr reaktorn enligt uppfinningen kanne-tecknande att matningsrOret ar anordnat att mata avfalls-massa i en fOrkammare som anordnats in i rektorkarlet vil-ken fOrkammare ar fOr emottagning av den i reaktorkarlet 15 inkommande organiska biomassan och vilken fOrkammare upp-visar ett vasentiigen slutet botten och vasentligen slutna vaggar men som ar upptill Oppen fOr mOjliggOrande att i fOrkammaren befintligt endast delvis rOtad massa kan stiga uppåt bort ur fOrkammaren på grund av att den har 20 mindre tathet an den i stOrre grad rOtade massan som omger fOrkammaren. Uppfinningens fOredragna utfOringsformer ar återgivna 1 bifogade patentkrav 2-6.For this purpose, the reactor according to the invention is characterized in that the feed tube is arranged to feed waste mass into a chamber which is arranged in the rectifier which chamber is for receiving the organic biomass contained in the reactor vessel. the substantially closed bottom and essentially closed rocks but which are at the top Open to enable the existing chamber only partially rooted mass to rise upward away from the chamber because it has less density than the larger rooted mass surrounding the chamber. The preferred embodiments of the invention are set forth in the appended claims 2-6.

De viktigaste fOrdel ar na med reaktorn enligt uppfinningen ar att den fungerar med god verkningsgrad, den ar 25 till sin konstruktion enkel och den innehåller ej rOrliga delar som ar utsatta fOr slitage. Ytterligare tack vare att reaktorn enligt uppfinningen fungerar så, att endast avrO-tat material tappas ut, uppstår ej luktproblem med reaktom enligt uppfinningen.The most important advantages of the reactor according to the invention are that it operates with good efficiency, it is simple in its construction and contains non-moving parts which are subject to wear. Further, because the reactor according to the invention operates so that only rubbed material is discharged, no odor problems arise with the reactor according to the invention.

30 Uppfinningen skall i det f01jånde beskrivas med hjalp av en fOredragen utfOringsform med hanvisning till bifogade ritning i vilken figur 1 visar schematiskt en biogasaniaggning i vilken anvands en reaktor enligt uppfinningen, 35 figur 2 visar reaktom enligt uppfinningen, sedd 1 genomskaming och li 90970 3 figur 3 visar reaktorn i figur 2 sedd langs skår-ningslinje III - III.The invention will be described in the foregoing with the aid of a preferred embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing in which Fig. 1 shows schematically a biogas plant in which a reactor according to the invention is used, Fig. 2 shows the reactor according to the invention, seen in 1 and fig. 3 shows the reactor in Figure 2 seen along the cut line III - III.

I figur 1 visas av vilka huvudkomponenter en bio-gasanlåggning består. De i figuren angivna hånvisnings-5 sif froma har f 01 j ånde innebOrd: 1. AvfallstransportOr 2. Biofilter massa 3. Slambehållare 4. Biofilter 10 5. Flåkt 6. Blandningsbehål1are 7. Biomassapump 8. Gaspump 9. Reaktor 15 10. Press 11. Vattenpump 12. Brunn 13. HumustransportOr 14. GasbrBnnare 20 15. Fackla 16. Gaslager 17. Distributionskompessor 18. Dieselgenerator 19. Vattentank 25 Aniaggningen fungerar i korthet så, att organiskt avfall fOres medelst transportoren 1 till blandningsbe- hållaren 6. Till blandningsbehållaren 6 fOres också vatten från tanken 19 och slam från slambehållama 3. Dessa komponenter blandas till en biomassa i blandningsbehålla-30 ren 6. Biomassen fOres satsvis vidare till reaktom 9 (reaktorkår let) dår massan rOtas i anaerobisk miljO i cirka två veckor så att metangas uppstår, vilken gas leds från reaktoms topp till gaslagret 16. Från reaktorns 9 botten tappas ut helt rOtad massa som pressas fOr erhållande av 35 humusmassa och vatten. Vattnet leds till vattentanken 19, varifrån vattnet kan retumera till blandningsbehållaren 6.Figure 1 shows the main components of a biogas plant. The reference numeral 5 indicated in the figure has the following meanings: 1. Waste transport 2. Biofilter mass 3. Sludge container 4. Biofilter 10 5. Flake 6. Mixer container 7. Biomass pump 8. Gas pump 9. Reactor 15 10. Press 11 Water pump 12. Well 13. Humus transports 14. Gas burners 20 15. Torch 16. Gas storage 17. Distribution compressor 18. Diesel generator 19. Water tank 25 The boiling works in short order that organic waste is fed through the conveyor 1 to the mixing vessel 6. To the mixing vessel 6 Water from the tank 19 and sludge from the sludge tanks 3 are also fed to these components into a biomass in the mixing vessel 6. The biomass is fed batchwise to the reactor 9 (reactor condition) where the pulp is stirred in anaerobic environment for about two weeks to produce methane gas. , which gas is conducted from the top of the reactor to the gas layer 16. From the bottom of the reactor 9, fully rotted pulp is discharged which is pressed to obtain humus mass and water. The water is led to the water tank 19, from which the water can return to the mixing vessel 6.

4 I figurerne 2 och 3 visas reaktom 9 enligt figur 1 noggrannare. Reaktom omfattar ett cylindriskt reaktorkarl 9 som avsmalnar nedtlll koniskt. Den koniska avsmalnlngen gOr att materialet styrs mot den 1 bottnen bel&gna tOm-5 ningsOppningen 20 som fir fOrsedd med en ventil 21. Genom Oppnlngen 20 avtappas avrOtat material, d.v.s. humusmassa samt sand, ben-, glasbitar och Ovrig tungfraktion.4 In Figures 2 and 3, the reactor 9 according to Figure 1 is shown more precisely. The reactor comprises a cylindrical reactor vessel 9 which tapered down conically. The tapered taper causes the material to be guided against the bottom aperture 20 which is provided with a valve 21. Through the bore 20, tear-off material, i.e. humus mass and sand, bone, glass pieces and other heavy fraction.

Det organiska materialet som skall rOtas kommer in i kftrlet 9 medelst ett matningsrOr 22 som styr materialet 10 direkt In i ett karl i egenskap av en fOrkammare 23 som anordnats nedtlll 1 reaktorkMrlets 9 mantel. FOrkammarens 23 volym ar så stor att den kan emottaga från en eller flere blandnlngsbehållare (del 6 i fig. 1) flere, fOretra-desvis 3-10, dagsransoner material som uppsamlats vid 15 avfallshanteringen. Efter att Inkommande farsk massa matats in 1 fOrkanunaren 23, tilltar, med tiden, massans rOtning: gas bildas i allt stOrre utstrSckning och massans tathet minskar. Eftersom utanfOr fOrkanunaren 23 finns material som rOtat en langre tid och vårs tathet har hunnit bil stOrre 20 an massans som fått rOta endast en kort tid, bOrjar massan som finns i fOrkanunaren 23 och stiga. Massan stiger ut ur fOrkanunaren 23 till den hOjdnivå som dess tathet i fOrhål-lande till omgivande massa bestammer. Gasen som bildas vid rOtningen stiger upp ovanfOr den med strecklinje ritade 25 hOjdnivå 24 som visar den normala fyllningsgraden i karlet 9. Gasen leds via rOret 25 vidare till en gasbehållare (gasbehållare 16 i fig. 1). Eftersom rOtningen av massan som stigit upp fortskrider standigt 1 reaktorkSrlet 9 minskar gasbildningen så småningom och massans tathet Okar med 30 tiden. På grund av tathetsOkningen bOrjar massan åter att sjunka och i riktning mot reaktorkarlets 9 botten. Efter att massan kommit till bottnen av karlet 9 har dess organiska andel praktiskt taget fOrsvunnit och massan, som omvandlats till energifattigt material kan tappas ut från 35 karlets bottenOppnlng 20. Massan gOr i karlet 9 ett krets- 90970 5 lopp som i figuren ar visad med pilar. Tack vare att fOr-kammaren 23 anordnats asymmetriskt och nedtill i karlet 9 erhålles ett effektivt kretslopp. Dé fOrkammaren 23 har en tvarsnittsyta som utgOr 10 - 20 % av av reaktorkar lets 5 tvarsnittsyta erhålles ett val fungerande system.The organic material to be rotated enters the vessel 9 by means of a feeding tube 22 which directs the material 10 directly into a vessel as a chamber 23 arranged downstream of the jacket of the reactor vessel 9. The volume of the chamber 23 is so large that it can receive from one or more mixing containers (part 6 of Fig. 1) several, preferably 3-10, daily ration materials collected during waste management. After the incoming fresh pulp is fed into the feed tank 23, over time, the pulp rotation increases: gas is formed to an ever greater extent and the pulp density decreases. Since outside of the precursor 23 there are materials that have rotted for a long time and the spring's tardiness has allowed the car larger than the pulp that has had to rot for only a short time, the pulp contained in the precursor 23 begins to rise. The pulp rises from the precursor 23 to the height level determined by its density in relation to the surrounding pulp. The gas formed at the rut rises above the dashed level height level 24, which shows the normal degree of filling in the vessel 9. The gas is passed through the pipe 25 to a gas tank (gas tank 16 in Fig. 1). As the potting of the pulp that has risen steadily proceeds in the reactor dryer 9, the gas formation gradually decreases and the pulp density increases with time. Due to the increase in the density, the mass begins to decrease again and towards the bottom of the reactor vessel 9. After the pulp has reached the bottom of the male 9, its organic proportion has virtually disappeared and the pulp, which has been converted into energy-poor material, can be drained out from the bottom opening of the male 20. The mass in the male 9 forms a circuit which in the figure is shown with arrows. Thanks to the pre-chamber 23 being arranged asymmetrically and at the bottom of the vessel 9, an efficient circuit is obtained. The pre-chamber 23 has a cross-sectional area that makes up 10-20% of the cross-sectional area of the reactor dryer, a select operating system is obtained.

I bottnen av fOrkammaren 23 firms ett med ventil 26 fOrsett tOmningsrOr 27. TOmningsrOrets 27 funktion ar att tOmma ur tungfraktion 28 som med tiden samlas i fOrkamma-rens 23 botten. TOmningsrOret 27 leder direkt ut ur reak-10 tom, varfOr tungfraktionen 28 kan bortfOras oberoende av reaktorkarlets 9 tOmningsOppning 20.In the bottom of the chamber 23, a drain tube 27 provided with valve 26 is provided. The function of the drain tube 27 is to empty the tongue fraction 28 which eventually accumulates in the bottom of the chamber 23. The emptying tube 27 leads directly out of the reactor, so that the heavy fraction 28 can be removed independently of the emptying port 20 of the reactor vessel 9.

Hanvisningssiffra 29 avser ett rOr genom vilket en skorpa, som eventuellt kan bildas vid massans yta, medelst pump (ej visad) kan sugas bort.Reference numeral 29 refers to a tube through which a crust, which may be formed at the surface of the pulp, can be sucked off by means of a pump (not shown).

15 Uppfinningen har i det foregående beskrivits med hjalp av endast ett exempel och darfOr framhålles, att uppfinningen till sina detaljer kan fOrverkligas på många satt inom ramen fOr bifogade patentkrav. Harvid ar det tankbart att fOrkammarens form och lage varierar från det 20 visade. Det ar också tankbart att flere fOrkammare anvands. FOrkammarens vaggar och botten behOver ej vara helt tata, utan det racker med att de ar tillrackligt tata fOr att ej siappa igenom nyinkommen massa så att den direkt hamnar till reaktorkarlets bottenparti.The invention has been described above with the aid of only one example and it is to be emphasized that the invention can, in its details, be realized in many embodiments of the appended claims. Hereby, it is conceivable that the shape and shape of the ancestral chamber vary from that shown. It is also conceivable that several ancestors are used. The cradles and bottom of the chamber do not need to be completely dead, but it is sufficient that they are sufficiently dead to not seep through the newly arrived pulp so that it falls directly to the bottom part of the reactor vessel.

Claims

6

A biogas reactor for treating organic waste pulp in waste management, comprising a reactor vessel (9) with an inlet organic feed tube (22) and with a biogas outlet tube (25) and with a humus pulping outlet (20) , sand, etc., in which reactor biomass comprising substantial amount of organic waste as well as water is rationed to obtain methane gas, characterized in that the feed tube (22) is arranged to feed waste mass into a feed chamber (23) arranged in the rectifier vessel. (9) which chamber (23) is for receiving the organic biomass contained in the reactor vessel and which chamber has a substantially closed bottom and substantially closed cradle but which is at the top open to allow only the bulk chamber to be present in the bulk chamber can rise upward away from the anterior chamber because it has less density than the more strongly rooted mass surrounding the anterior chamber.

2. A reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber (23) is arranged down to the reactor vessel (9) adjacent the jacket of the reactor vessel.

3. A reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the volume of the chamber (23) is adapted to receive 3-10 day rations of waste material.

4. A reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the front chamber (23) has a cross-sectional area at the top which comprises 10-20% of the cross-sectional area of the reactor vessel (9).

5. A reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber (23) has a downpour (27) provided with a valve (26) for discharging a heavy fraction (28) from the chamber.

6. A reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that the discharge pipe (27) leads directly out of the reactor vessel (9). II 90970 7