FI87636B - LYFTBART TAK I EN JAERNVAEGSVAGN - Google Patents

Description

1 87636

FIELD OF THE INVENTION bodies for raising the edges of the roof.

In an effort to make the transport of cars as efficient as possible, this leads to the need to increase the length of the railway carriages, which in turn reduces the width of the carriage due to curve requirements. On the other hand, to increase the number of cars in each carriage, they are typically placed on two floors. If larger cars, such as vans, have to be transported, it is not possible to place them in two floors, in which case the upper transport level must be lowered or removed. Especially when transporting cars on two floors, the passage is especially low on the upper level due to the slope of the roof of the roof, which makes it difficult for drivers to leave loaded cars and .... 25 back again. In addition, such an enclosed space is not healthy due to the exhaust gases generated during loading and unloading. Access to light is also a problem in car carriers with fixed covers. However, the aim is to use covered wagons to transport the cars 30 both to avoid damage and to keep the cars cleaner.

The problems described above have been partially solved by using, for example, a cover, the roof part 35 of which can be lifted in a straight line upwards using vertical pneumatic cylinders. In this case, light and ventilation and space for vertical movement are provided to the carriage at least on the upper level. However, such a roof easily becomes 2 87636 heavy and expensive, or when aiming for a cheap and light structure, the roof in its open position is susceptible to wind forces and damage, for example due to the risk of bending the piston rods of the cylinders. Pneumatic operation is also relatively complex and expensive.

GB 2 101 548 discloses a freight wagon with a roof structure split along the centerline of the roof and the resulting wall-to-roof halves pivoted around hinges at the lower edges of the walls. This mechanism is not suitable for a car carrier, because the turning mechanism of the halves does not leave enough space for the vehicles, especially for their passage, and in addition this structure is also complicated and expensive.

15

Finnish patent application 896324 discloses a structure in which the roof is also split along its center line and the two resulting side wall-roof halves are transferred to the outer and upper trolley during loading. Although this structure is inherently advantageous, it is relatively expensive, and it is difficult to implement the types of wagons already in use.

The structures described in both of the above-mentioned publications still have the disadvantage that the walls of the carriage contain. .. opening the cover requires space on both sides of the wagon during loading and unloading, making it difficult to operate in tight spaces.

Finnish patent application 903033 describes a structure in which only one longitudinal edge of the roof is lifted upwards from the corresponding wall of the carriage, the opposite second edge being simultaneously hinged to the wall on the other side of the carriage. Lifting is done with bars, for example.

35 Since this structure can only be lifted from the wind-protected side at any time, while the other edge of the roof is firmly attached, the structure is sturdy even if it is made light. However, the use of the structure li 3 87636 requires discretion from the personnel precisely because of the wind direction. Lifting the wrong edge or accidentally both edges, unless blocked by the structure, may damage the light mechanism.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a roof structure for a car transport vehicle such that by moving it a sufficient travel height can be obtained for car drivers and, on the other hand, sufficient ventilation can be provided for the removal of exhausts. It is also an object of the invention to provide such a roof structure that it is not necessary to take into account the position of the station platform, wind direction and other similar factors when lifting the roof and that both sides of the carriage always have sufficient travel height on the upper carriage for walking. The aim is also a structure which, when not opened, takes up space from the outside of the sides of the carriage. It is also an object of the invention to provide a roof structure which can be added to old carriages without unreasonable and costly structural changes. It is a further object of the invention 20 to provide a roof structure which is simple, light and reliable.

By means of the semi-fixed liftable roof structure according to the invention, a decisive improvement in the above-mentioned drawbacks is achieved and the defined objectives are achieved. To achieve this, the roof structure according to the invention is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 1.

The main advantage of the invention can be considered to be that it provides a sufficiently sufficient head and ventilation on both sides with a very simple and safe structure, which is also not susceptible to damage. The use of the construction according to the invention does not require consideration of external conditions, so the reliability is good. The invention also has the advantage that it can also be used in old carriages at a reasonable cost.

4,87636

In the following, the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows a side view of a railway carriage provided with a liftable roof structure according to the invention, illustrated with the outer surface of the side of the carriage removed.

Fig. 2 shows a cross-section of the railway carriage of Fig. 1 along the plane I-I and illustrates the lifting mechanisms belonging to the roof structure 10 according to the invention.

Fig. 3 shows a detail of the roof lifting mechanism of the railway carriage of Fig. 1 in the area DET.1 removed from the outer surface of the side of the carriage.

15

Fig. 4 shows a cross-section of the railway carriage of Fig. 1 along the plane II-II and illustrates guide rails belonging to a liftable roof according to the invention.

Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a car transport vehicle according to the invention with a lift-up roof 11, and Fig. 2 is a general cross-section of this railway carriage along the plane I-I. In Fig. 1, the carriage is shown with the plates forming the outer surface of the side or the like removed, so that the lifting mechanisms formed by the pairs of levers 9 are more clearly visible. The carriage body 10 consists of a base 15 and a side wall 19. Of course, the carriage in question includes wheelsets, bogies, etc., but since their type has no effect on the invention, they are not discussed here. The roof 11 of the wagon-30 can be raised in its entirety and in a straight line, i.e. all the edges 35 at the same time, up to the open position A in order to get the passage space below the upper level and to obtain ventilation as described in the objectives. The upper position 32b of the running plane, i.e. the upper plane, and the lower position 32a can be seen in Figure 2. Figure 1 shows the roof 11 in the closed position S, where the roof edges 35 rest on the upper edges 28 of the side walls 19 of the body 10. Lever pairs 9 according to the invention, which cause the roof to close, and i; 5 87636 opening, the positions corresponding to this closing position S are shown in the figures by dotted lines. In Fig. 2, the roof 11 is illustrated in the open position A, where all the edges 35 of the roof are at a sufficient vertical distance H from the upper edges 28 of the side walls 5. The positions of the lever pairs 9 corresponding to this open position A are shown in solid lines in the figures. Changes in the position of the pairs of levers 9 are effected by movable members 14 operated by an actuator 18 and the movement of the roof during the change of position is controlled by guide rails 10, 21 to make the movement straight and to support the roof in open position A so that the wind load does not bend the pairs.

The pair of levers 9 according to the invention is shown in detail in Figure 3 and thus comprises two levers or arms, a first lever 1 and a second lever 2. These levers 1 and 2 are connected at their second ends 6 and 8 respectively by a second bearing 4. The first lever 1 the end 5 is connected to the carriage body 10 and preferably to the carriage sidewall 19 at a suitable height by a first bearing 13. This first bearing 13 is thus fixed in the carriage body while the second bearing moves relative to the carriage body when the first and second levers 1, 2 turn. The second end 7 of the second lever 2 is again connected to the carriage roof 25 11 by a third bearing structure 3. These bearings - or - bearing structures 13, 4, 3 operate in a hinge type and their three axes of rotation are at least approximately parallel and parallel to the carriage bottom 15. It is clear that when the two levers 1, 2 are in an extended position 30 as an extension of each other, as shown in solid figures in the figures, their vertical joint length is at a maximum, the roof edge 35 being at a vertical distance H from the top edge 28 of the wall structure 19. The roof is thus raised. in the open position A. When the second bearing 35 4 is moved in a direction D1 transverse to each other's extending levers 1 and 2, the distance between the first bearing 13 and the third bearing structure 3 decreases according to the principles of trigonometry, causing the roof 6 87636 to lower. When the angle α between the two levers 1 and 2 then decreases to a value, the magnitude of which depends on the location of the first bearing 13 and the length of the arms of the levers 1, 2, the roof is set in said closed position S.

In general, it is advantageous to place the first bearing approximately halfway up the height of the carriage wall 19 and to select the lengths of the first lever 1 and the second lever 2 approximately the same length or the second lever slightly longer to simplify the roof locking to be discussed later.

10

The pairs of levers preferably have the pivot axes of the bearings 13, 4, 3 also perpendicular to the respective side wall 19, as is clear from the figures, and can then be placed in the wall structures 19 to a thickness 15 W. In this case, the pairs of levers 9 do not take up any internal space. outwards from the wall of the wagon during the open and closed positions. There must be at least two, but preferably four, pairs of lever pairs 9 in each railway carriage, always in each of the longitudinal walls C1, C2, as shown in FIG. In this case, the roof 11 rises and falls without disturbance, because the tilting moments are sufficiently eliminated. Of course, even a larger number of lever pairs can be used.

In addition, the structure comprises spaced vertical slides 20 in the carriage body 10 and preferably in the thickness W of its wall structure 19 and corresponding sliding rails 21 projecting downwards from the roof. Said vertical direction is perpendicular to the bottom plane of the carriage 30. The cross-sectional shapes of the slides and the slide rails have been chosen such that the slide rail 21 slides along the slide guide 20 to keep the movement of the roof linear during the position changes of the roof 11. The cross-sectional shape may be, for example, circular, whereby the tubular slide rail 35 slides inside the tubular slide guide. Other profile formats can also be used. Slides and rails also make the structure supportive against wind loads and other forces, as the length of the support surface between them is easy to obtain without an unreasonably heavy structure. In order to obtain a functional structure, it is necessary to use at least two conductor-rail combinations in the carriage. If the two slide-rail assemblies are positioned so that one is close to one corner of the carriage C1E1 and the other at a cross angle C2E2 and the pairs of levers are placed at the other cross angles C2E1 and C1E2, when C1, C2 denote two different sides of the carriage and E1, E2 refer to the two different ends of the wagon and the letter combinations of the intersections of the sides and 10 ends, a reasonably functional structure with the smallest components is obtained. Preferably, however, there are four guide-rail combinations, one always at or near each corner of the carriage. In this case, four pairs of levers are placed two on each side C1 and C2 of the carriage approximately si-15 so that the distances between the two pairs of levers 9 in the direction of the carriage side are twice the distance of each from the nearest end E1 or E2.

The pairs of levers 9 can be used for the ash-20 of the described pivoting movement with either one of said bearings or bearing structures 13 or 4 or 3 with an acting torque-generating motor or the like. However, it is more preferable to use a movable member 25 acting on the second bearing 4 or on the second end 6 of the first lever or on the second end 8 of the second lever, the direction of action being perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the bearings 13, 4, 3 and e.g. approximately horizontal or approximately angle a or its complement angle 360 ° -a parallel to the bisector. Such a movable member may be a hydraulic or pneumatic horizontal double-acting cylinder, an otherwise movable rod such as a motor-driven rack or, most preferably, a chain, wire 14 or the like.

Such a chain, wire or the like 14 thus starts from each of the second bearings 4 or close to it at the other ends 6, 8 in two substantially different directions D1 and D2, which are most preferably in opposite directions, at 8 87636 directly to the two extensions 1, 2 of each other. against the length of the arms in the open position A (directions D1 *, and D2a) and parallel to the bisector of the angle α and its complement angle 360 ° -α (directions D1s and D2S). Since the second bearing 5 4 changes its height with respect to the carriage body 10 during lifting and lowering movements, all these above-mentioned conditions cannot generally be realized in any way accurately, at least with simple constructions. They should therefore only be considered as indicative and indicative criteria. Their implementation would lead to the use of the best power, but in order to obtain a simple and reliable structure in practice, compromises and approximations must be satisfied. Obviously, the most important thing is that for the start of opening or lifting, the direction of the opening force D2S in the closing position 15 is parallel to the bisector of the closing angle. It should also be noted that the direction of the opening force D2 *. would be perpendicular in this way to ensure that the roof remains open.

For locking the open position A, the movable members 14 are dimensioned to move the second bearing 4 between the second ends 6, 8 of the pairs of levers 9 from the closed position S as seen above the adjusted position of the levers, i.e. in the direction D2Ä, to the deflected position. A support 30 is arranged on the wall structure 19 of the carriage body ... 25, which may be, for example, a vertical beam attached to the longitudinal stiffeners and on which a second bearing 4 rests to prevent excessive displacement. In this case, the opening angle aA is slightly more than 180 °.

The arrangement described above can be implemented with impellers 16 placed in the wall structure 19 of the carriage at sufficient horizontal distances L1, L2, L3 from each pair of levers 9 in each opposite direction and at approximately the same height as the other bearings 4, as shown in Figure 1. In the embodiment according to the invention, the wires 14 form a closed loop and are guided over the impellers 16 and further to the two coils 17 on each side C1, C2 of the carriage. In addition, there is a spare hand drive 34 consisting of a crank and a shaft. The tension of the wire can be adjusted, for example, with a twin-screw tensioner 31. It is clear that the impellers can already act directly as coils or the alternating coils 17 can be replaced by additional impellers over which the wire 14 passes on the common coil of the wagon. The drive can, of course, be a different type of motor than the electric-10 motor.

The mechanism described above itself acts to raise and lower the roof 11 and lock it in the open position A. However, in a railway carriage the roof must also be locked in the closed position S, otherwise the drift or wind can lift the closed roof by itself. Locking can, of course, be done with separate locking devices, but the use of such can be forgotten for human reasons, which can lead to breakage of the wagon or even accidents. According to the invention, the required locking of the roof is realized by forming a third bearing structure 3 connecting the first end 7 of the second lever 2 to the roof 11 as an automatically locking mechanism when the roof closes. To this end, the bearing structure 3 comprises a locking plate 22 with a fourth bearing 24 connecting it to the roof 11 and a fifth bearing 25 connecting it to the first end 7 of the second lever 2. The pivot axes of these two bearings 24, 25 are parallel to the pivot shafts 4 and 13 of the respective pair of levers 9. The fourth bearing 24 is located from the fifth bearing 30 in the same direction as the second bearing 4 in the closed position S with respect to its open position A, i.e. in the direction D1. The edge 26 of the locking plate parallel to the space between the fourth 24 and fifth bearings 25 and pointing away from the levers 1 and 2 is straight. At each pair of levers 9 35, the carriage roof 11 has at least an approximately horizontal abutment surface 23 at a vertical distance above the fourth bearing 24, which distance is equal to the distance of the straight edge 26 of the locking plate 22 from the connecting line of the fourth and fifth bearings 24, 25. In this case, the roof abutment surface 23 rests under the effect of the roof weight in the open position A against this straight edge 26 of the locking plate when the locking plate 22 rests around its bearings 24, 25 5 in a position where the straight edge 23 is parallel to the abutment surface 26. In this case, the angle β between the abutment surface 23 and the length of the arm of the second lever 2 is slightly more than 90 °, ensuring the open position. The locking of the roof to the closed position S takes place by the interaction of the arch groove 27 in the locking plate 22 and the locking pin 29 next to the upper edge 28 of the wall structure 10 of the carriage body 10. The center of the arcuate groove 27 is located in the region of the fourth bearing 24 and the groove extends from the opposite edge of the straight edge 26 of the locking plate near the fifth bearing 25. The locking pin is located from the fourth bearing 15 24 perpendicularly downwards against the bottom plane 15 and in the transverse direction of the carriage with a wall thickness W in the region of the locking plate 22, but not the levers 1, 2. When the roof 11 lowers so that its edges 35 rest on the upper edges 28 of the frame walls and as the wire 14 continues to move in the closing-20 direction Dls, the second lever 2 pivots the locking plate 22 around the fourth bearing 24 via the fifth bearing 25 so that the arcuate groove 27 protrudes over the locking pin 29 preventing inadvertently opening the roof in the closed position S at this position. When the roof 11 is opened, whereby the wire .25 14 pulls the second bearing 4 in the direction D2S, the second arm 2, via the fifth bearing 25, pivots the locking plate 22 around the fourth bearing 24, causing the arcuate groove 27 to retract back over the locking pin 29. Only then does the pair of levers 9 begin to raise the roof 11 30 via the locking plate 22.

One preferred embodiment of the invention has been described above, but, as can be seen from the alternative structures already mentioned, the invention is not limited thereto, but may vary within the scope of the claims. In particular, it should be noted that the specified positions, lengths and ratios are only indicative and advantageous, but not strictly precise requirements.

I;

Claims (12)

A semi-rigid liftable roof structure for a car transport trolley, in which the unitary roof (11) can at least partially be lifted up to provide a passage and ventilation during loading and unloading of the trolley, wherein: the roof is connected via guided control mechanisms vertically movable means for lifting the edges of the roof, characterized in that said guide mechanism ____: comprises at least two substantially horizontally separated ____s and levers (9) connected to the carriage walls, of which ... one lever ( 1) when its first end (5) is stored in the body of the carriage (10), at its second end (6) at the other end (8) of the second lever and the first end (7) of the second lever (2) in said roof, in that in each lever pair the reversing shafts of said three bearings (13, 4, 3) are at least substantially parallel, the roof being in a raised open position (A) where the levers i vstängsparen (1 and 2) are in substantially stretched-out position with respect to each other, and in the lowered closed position (S) when the levers are in hävstängsparen l! Relative to each other, and that the movable members (14) which effect this change of position are coupled to the arm portion of the first (1) or second (2) lever in the lever pair or alternatively 5 to some of the the three mentioned storage points (13, 4, 3). Roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the reversing shafts of all the lever pairs are at least substantially parallel to the bottom plane of the carriage (15), in that in each lever pair (9) the bearing (13) connecting the first end (5) of the the first lever (1) of the body (10) of the carriage is fixed in the body, the second bearing (4) connecting the second ends (6,8) of the levers to each other is movable and the third bearing structure (3) connecting the first the end (7) of the second lever (2) of the roof (11) moves with the roof, and of the movable member (14) acting on the second bearing (4) or near it (6, 8) in a direction perpendicular to the turning axis of said three bearings. 20 Roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that said movable means is either a hydraulic or a pneumatic force cylinder, a different movable rod or chain, cables or the like (4). · '**: 25 Roof structure according to claim 3, wherein the movable member is a chain, wire or the like, characterized in that this member (14) likes from each other bearing ____: (4) or its proximity in two substantially different directions ( D1, D2), advantageously in substantially opposite directions, in that the member is thus guided by running holes (16) which are substantially in the plane of the other bearings (4) at a distance from each in each direction, wherein the member r .: * (4) in said closed position (S) advantageously forms the by-sector of vinkein (a ,,) between the first and the second. the lever (1 and 2) and in the open position (A) are substantially perpendicular to the levers (1,2) which constitute their mutual continuations, and of said movable means being coupled to impeller (16), with subsequent separate spools 16 87,636 loads (17) or with a common coil thereafter and the additional impeller wheels for a drive device (18) which effect said change of position. Roof structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that there are advantageously four lever pairs (9), two on each side (C1 and C2) of the carriage and near the ends of the carriage (E1 and E2), of these lever pairs is positioned in the thickness (W) of the wall structure (19) of the carriage such that the shafts of said three bearings (13, 4, 3) in each lever pair are substantially perpendicular to each wall (19). Roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the control mechanisms further comprise at least two vertical sliding guides (20) parallel to the bottom plane of the carriage (15) and spaced apart from each other in the wall structure (19) of the carcass body and corresponding vertical sliding rails (21) in the roof. , which extend downwards from the roof to slide along the sliding guides of the body, to guide the roof's movement rectilinearly during the movement between its closed and open positions (S and A). Roof structure according to claim 6, characterized in that there are advantageously four sliding guides (20) and corresponding sliding rails (21), one near each corner (C1E1, C1E2, C2E1, C2E2) of the carriage and that their vertical direction is substantially perpendicular to the bottom of the carriage -... piano (15). .. 30 Roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the third bearing structure (3) which connects the first end (7) of the second lever (2) to the ceiling comprises a reading disk (22) in which there is a fourth bearing. (24) connecting it to the roof and a fifth bearing (25) connecting it to the first end (7) of the second lever, the reversing shafts of each bearing (24 and 25) being parallel to the turning shafts of the other the bearings (4, 13) of said leverage pair and the edge (26) of the reading disc in: parallel to their spacing are straight, and of the roof portion having an abutment surface (23) at such a distance above the fourth bearing (24) that straight edge (26) abuts against the abutment surface (23) under the weight of the roof (11), and in that the reading disc (22) has a pitch cutter (27), the center of which lies in the region of the fourth layer (24) and extends from the opposite side (26) to the proximity of the fifth layer. Roof structure according to claim 9, characterized in that the fourth layer (24) is in the same direction (D1) from the fifth layer (25) as the second layer (4) in the closed position (S) is seen from its open position ( A), and because in the upper edge of the carriage (10) there is a reading pin 15 (29) vertically downward from the fourth bearing, which vertical direction is perpendicular to the bottom plane of the carriage (15), whereupon the edges of the roof (35) ) is lowered on the upper edges of the sides of the body and as the movable member (14) continues the closing movement in the closing direction (Dls), the second lever (2) turns mediating the fifth layer (25) the reading disk (22) around the fourth layer ( 24) so that the cup cutter (27) is pushed on the reading pin (29) and thus prevents the roof (11) from opening in a closed position (S) involuntarily. 25 Roof structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that for reading the open position (A) the movable members (14) have been dimensioned to move the second layer (4) between the other ends of the lever pair (9) as seen from the closed position (S) to a position broken over the extended position of the levers, in which the opening angle (¾) is above 180 °, of which a support (30) is provided in the carriage, against which it: * · *; the second bearing therein supports to prevent excessive movement and, at the same time, at the fifth bearing (25), there is an angle (8) between the abutment surface (23) of the roof (11) and the length of the arm of the second lever (2) which is slightly above 90 ° to achieve a stable open position (A).