FI86320C - Device for treating soil material - Google Patents

Description

1 86320

This invention relates to an apparatus for treating soil, in particular soil or the like. The purpose of the treatment is to make the soil of uniform quality and thus very suitable for its application.

Conventionally, soil, especially mold, is treated with 10 large rotatable drum screens that are commercially available at a fairly high cost. In addition to the price, the screens have other disadvantages. Namely, it is difficult to move a large screening plant from one place to another. Relocation is often an essential operation because, for example, the mold is treated with a specific field at a time.

A further disadvantage of large screening plants is that they require a loading bucket loader or excavator to operate, and preferably another similar one, to load 20 finished screened mulch vehicles.

Another disadvantage is that the drum screen becomes practically inoperable in the rain, because the soil in particular pastes in the rain and does not pass through the screen.

... 25

DE-OS 3046474 discloses a loader bucket structure with transverse shafts provided with projections. The purpose is to circulate the load to ensure that the bucket is emptied.

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The above-mentioned device is not suitable for grinding any soil and does not achieve any screening effect. The resulting stones yras. placing the material containing the pieces in question. the device would break down the device quickly. 35 minen.

2 86320

The device is also known, although its field of application is completely different from that of the present invention, in which a large number of plates are attached to the shafts. The plates of adjacent shafts overlap each other.

5

As stated, the above structure is intended for sorting and screening the pulp used in the manufacture of paper, and would not operate on the plate principle in any other field of application of the present invention, in the sorting of earth.

The object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a device for handling soil, where the price of the device is only a fraction of the price of a drum screen, which in its most convenient embodiment tasks. In addition, with the device of the invention it is possible to carry out, for example, soil treatment also in rain and otherwise in wet conditions.

20

The advantages of the invention are provided by a device, the characteristic features of which are given in the appended claims. The basic idea of the invention is to use, instead of a conventional rotating drum screen, a roughing consisting of at least two shafts to which suitable vanes are attached which overlap with each other as the shafts rotate. The shafts are rotated synchronously with each other so as to avoid any material that is not desired to be included in the treated material between the vanes '30. In particular, stones or stumps normally found among the soil are not desired in soil treatment. The device according to the basic idea of the invention can be. can then be used with a suitable drive and transmission, for example in a carriage type. 35 solution or highly recommended mounted as part of an excavator bucket.

i 3 86320

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which

Figure 1 shows a simplified sectional view of a device according to the invention applied to a bucket of an excavator according to a preferred embodiment, and

Figure 2 shows a view of the same apparatus in a simplified partial view of the arrow shown in Figure 1 in Fig. 2 direction.

10

The device according to the invention described in the figures shows, as already mentioned above, one embodiment of the invention, which is considered to be an application in which all the advantages of the invention are best practiced. However, as will be explained later, this is not an exclusive embodiment of the invention, but is presented as only one example, which well reveals the advantages of the invention compared to the prior art.

The device according to the invention is applied in Fig. 1 to a standard bucket of an excavator or to a bucket specially made for this purpose. In the figure, the excavator bucket drill is marked with the reference number 1. It is a conventional boom, the end of which is in any case a bucket 2, the movements of which are controlled ... by the excavator driver from the cab, usually adjusting a hydraulic cylinder not shown in the figure and turning bucket 2 around. The bucket can usually be connected in a simple and quick way to the end of the boom 1: 30 as well as the excavator can be used to change the bucket for different purposes.

Attached to the bucket 2 are transverse shafts 4 which are spaced apart and are 35 mounted at both ends, usually on the lower part of the side walls of the bucket. For practical reasons, transverse axes are more convenient, although longitudinal axes do just as well for the purpose. Attached to the shafts 4 4 86320, usually by welding, are vanes 5 which are generally evenly spaced along the length of the shaft. The blade direction of the vanes 5 may be somewhat oblique to the transverse plane of the shaft. There are, for example, four vanes 5 5 with the same cross-section of the shaft. When viewed in the longitudinal direction of the shaft 4 from its end, the wings of the next set of four wings are always at an angle to the corresponding wings of the previous set and somewhat (e.g. about 5 cm) 10 away from the viewer. The angle between the wings 5 of successive sets of wings can be, for example, 30-60 °. In practical tests, an angle of 45 ° has been found to be suitable.

In simple terms, it can be said that the vanes run 15 corkscrews on the shaft. The corkscrew can be made so that the direction of rotation of the corkscrew changes in the middle of the shaft and thus the thread starting from the ends of the shaft ends in both directions in the middle of the shaft. If necessary, the shaft can also be center-mounted. In the case of long shafts 20, this is essential.

If necessary, the device can also be equipped with a protective plate 11, which protects the glasses and the driver of the excavator cab from possible flying objects. The guard 10 can be arranged in a suitable manner so that it can be placed on the hook 12 shown by way of example by moving the bucket 2, where it is therefore left while the excavator operator buckets a new dose to be processed with the bucket 2. When the bucket is returned to the handling position, the guard 30 can be placed in front of the bucket to prevent stones or other objects from being thrown.

The number of shafts is not critical, however, preferably at least two shafts 4 are required, in which case the soil is comminuted and mixed. Since the working speed suffers from a small number of shaft vanes, it is advantageous to place at least 4-5 axes with the vanes in the bucket 2. The shafts 4 are rotated synchronously, for example by means of a hydraulic rotor, which is schematically described by reference numeral 6. Chain transmission via suitable sprockets or transmission via gears is well suited as a power transmission device.

5

In the practical application of the device according to the invention, there are at least two good ways. If it is desired to use a standard bucket, a suitable hole is cut in the bottom of the bucket 2, bearing lugs are attached to both side walls of the bucket, suitably positioned relative to the opening 10, on which the shafts 4 are mounted and the axes 4 are positioned relative to the direction and position of rotation. . In addition, only a suitable drive device, such as a hydraulic motor, and a power transmission device, such as a chain, need to be installed.

In another way, the device according to the invention is fitted as a package in a bucket, either an old bucket with a suitable opening or a bucket with an opening for this device, the device is attached to the bucket by welding or bolts, for example, and provided with a drive and power chain or the like.

25

Figure 2 shows the osittaisnäkyraä of the bucket viewed from the bottom of the arrow 2 of Figure 1 in Fig. 2 direction. The shafts 4 thus run between the side walls 8, 9 of the bucket 2 and are supported on them or in their vicinity by means of bearings 7. At the other end of the shaft there is, for example, a sprocket 10 on which a drive chain, which is not shown in Fig. 2, is arranged. The chain is powered, for example, by the hydraulic motor 6 shown in Figure 1. A hydraulic motor is a preferred option, as the excavators already have a hydraulic system ready for operating the hydraulic motor.

Another possibility is, for example, the use of an encapsulated gear system. The vanes 5 are arranged on the shafts 4 so that the vanes 5 6 86320 of the adjacent shafts 4 overlap. The vanes 5 can be arranged obliquely with respect to the transverse direction of the axes. Thus, the gap formed by the wings of the two axes is practically variable in width, which promotes the comminution and mixing of the soil 5.

Since the shafts 4 are not usually on the same straight line, the sprockets 10 can be arranged on twin wheels to ensure traction, the adjacent sprockets 10 being chain-linked in pairs so that the chain from the hydraulic motor 6 rotates the first shaft by the outer sprocket and the inner sprocket of the first shaft. an inner end sprocket with a chain and an outer second axle with a third third outer sprocket with its own chain and so on.

As already mentioned above, it is very advantageous to connect the device according to the invention to the bucket of an excavator, because this avoids the acquisition of additional working machines.

The same excavator buckets a suitable dose of the soil to be treated into its bucket, moves the bucket onto the waiting platform of the truck and starts a hydraulic motor 6 or similar drive which synchronously rotates the shafts 4 with the vanes 5, dropping the soil from the axles 25 into the car platform. This is repeated enough times.

The invention is also easy to apply to larger units, such as wagon-like structures, which require a separate loader, but still achieve a simple structure, considerable cost savings and reliable operation even in rain and in the case of wet soil.

In practical experiments, it has been found that the device 35 according to the invention offers a further great advantage over the prior art, namely that the device according to the invention separates material which is not desired to be included in the treated pulp, accurately and reliably. This means that the stones and stumps are cleaned very carefully, but remain in the bucket and do not cause any inconvenience to the operation of the device. This is because the shafts are synchronized with each other so that they all rotate in the same direction and there is a sufficient number of vanes so that the gap between the vanes is always occupied by the rising vane when the vane or adjacent vanes of the adjacent shaft are descending. In addition, the gap between the wings remains so small that the larger 10 pieces cannot fit in it. The stones and stumps can then, after the desired soil has passed through the device, be tipped away from the bucket before it is filled with a new charge of soil.

The invention has been described above fitted to a conventional excavator bucket, with which the bucket is filled by pulling the bucket towards the excavator. However, in practice the device according to the invention can also be particularly well adapted to a so-called plug bucket, which is filled with a movement away from the excavator. Such a bucket is advantageous in that it can be raised completely in terms of its geometry, i. an opening straight upwards, in which case the damper described above can be omitted, as the stones and such may only be thrown upwards.

Claims (5)

An apparatus for treating and blending soil material, especially mud, mud and the like, comprising spaced apart, substantially parallel and synchronously rotatable shafts (4), having substantially radially extending blades (5), is placed in the bucket (2) of the excavator or the like or in a separate trolley for treating soil material, characterized in that the blades (5) on an axis pass between the blades on the adjacent shaft (4). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades (5) are positioned at an inclined angle to the transverse plane of the shaft (4). Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades (5) are placed in groups, for example in groups of four blades on the cross-section of the shaft. 20 Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the blades (5) in the blade group on the shaft (4) are in a 30-60 ° angle to the corresponding blades in the blade group following the longitudinal direction of the same shaft. . . 25 Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shafts (4) are intended to be rotated synchronously in the same direction, advantageously by means of a hydraulic motor (6), which derives its driving force from the hydraulic system of a working machine. Device according to Claim 5, characterized in that the power transmission part between the hydraulic motor and axles is a chain or gear.