FI78159C - Device for drilling holes in stone in the same plane - Google Patents

Description

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Equipment for drilling holes in the same plane in stone - Anordning för borrning av häl i sten i samma soon

The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.

5 Holes in one plane are excavated e.g. stones in marble slabs or rectangles (so-called hole-hole-side drilling). In this case, the distance between the holes is 10 -50 cm.

To drill such holes, a device is known in which, in a hammer carriage transported on a pallet, a plurality of drilling hammers arranged in parallel are guided in a longitudinal direction and biased by spring members in the tool direction against the hammer carriages.

Since parallel drilling hammers with the same feed force - already due to local differences in the rock - generally do not drill as fast, the result is that the drilling hammers acquire different axial positions when drilling. In the known device, the drilling hammer that lags behind the most is subjected to the largest partial feed force by the compressed spring-20 elements, whereby for simplicity it can be assumed that the total force acting on the hammer carriage is constant. Increasing the feed force relative to the remaining drilling hammer not only means that in practice the drilling speed does not increase by law, but on the contrary substantially increases the wear of the drilling tool drill bit, which continues the trend of decreasing the drilling speed.

Conversely, the fastest hammer is acted upon with the lowest feed force, which is why this drilling hammer in the known 2 78159 device - with the same constant energy supply - works in the so-called in the pop-up area, where the drilling hammer itself and the drilling rig are subjected to excessive stress. In this case, the drilling tool can quickly become inoperable as a result of the fracture.

The invention is based on the object of providing a device for drilling holes in one plane, with which substantially the same drilling or feeding speeds can be achieved with individual drilling hammers. In addition, the depths of the boreholes 10 should be substantially the same.

This object is solved according to the invention by the features mentioned in claim 1. With connecting lines between the cylinder chambers, volume equalization is possible, with which the pressure in all cylinder chambers -15 and thus the pressure on the individual drilling chambers and drilling tools - is constant regardless of the individual axial displacements.

The invention then starts from the idea that the same axial pressure applied to the drilling tool creates 20 essential conditions for uniform drilling of all drilling tools.

In order to compensate for individual differences in the drilling power of a single or individual hammer drills, the device is designed according to claim 3. With this arrangement, it is possible to change the drilling power applied to the drilling hammers individually.

When locally different resistors are present in the material to be drilled, it is possible that one drill once moves much ahead of the others. Against such a advance 30, the device 3 78159 according to claims 4 and 5 can now be acted upon by slowing down the supply of drilling energy to it or to those drilling hammers until the former is substantially eliminated.

The device 5 formed according to claims 7 and 8 also makes it possible to use drilling tools - even when the surface of the material to be drilled is uneven - starting at the same height after the initial drilling with height-locked drilling hammers and ending at the same height.

Embodiments of the subject of the invention are shown in the drawing and are described in more detail below. The figures show: Fig. 1 a device for drilling holes in one plane with three drill hammers in front view, Fig. 2 a device in Fig. 1 in a side view, Fig. 3 a drill hammer in front view on an enlarged scale, Fig. 4 a drill hammer according to Fig. 3 in cross section IV, line IV Fig. 5 three drill hammers with their individual feed cylinders arranged therein as a symbolic representation, Fig. 6 the cylinder according to Fig. 5 with differently arranged connecting lines, 25 Fig. 7 .

In the description, the same parts are denoted by the same Arabic 5 chapters or letters. To describe the same parts arranged in different units, lowercase letters (a, b, c) have been added to the Arabic numerals, insofar as the arrangement is relevant. When referring to a part, regardless of the unit to which it belongs, the lowercase letter 10 is omitted.

In the embodiment of the device according to Fig. 1, there are three drill hammers 1a, 1b, 1c arranged axially parallel to the hammer carriage 2. The drill hammers 1 are in each case connected to a guide plate 3 which can slide 15 on guide rails 4 attached to the hammer carriage 2. Each guide plate 3 is connected (7a, 7b, 7c) to the pistons 6. The actual cylinder-body bodies or housings of the cylinders 7 are connected at the same height to the hammer carriage 2. The hammer drills 1 can be moved 20 axially relative to the hammer carriages 2, their axial position corresponding to piston 6 (6a, 6b, 6c) the position. In Fig. 3, the highest and deepest position of the guide plates 3 - relative to the hammer carriage 2 - is indicated by dotted lines.

The hammer carriage 2 has twice two guide rails 8 which engage a strip 10 arranged on two pallets 9. The pallet 9 can be fastened to e.g. a vehicle boom (not shown). The hammer carriage 2 furthermore has a connecting part 11 connected to a chain 12 surrounding the upper and lower ends of the upper 30 and a lower sprocket 13 and 14 mounted on the platform 9, the lower sprocket 14 being connected as a drive wheel to a hydraulic motor 15 having two flow motors. direction. The hydraulic motor 15 is connected to the pressure line P and the return line T. Both lines P and T are controlled by a double electromagnetically operated 4/3-way valve. The pressure line P also has a pressure limiter-5 and a safety valve 17.

By means of the hydraulic motor 15, the hammer carriage 2 can be moved up and down relative to the pallet 9. The low loader has three position sensors 18, 19, 20 arranged one on top of the other, while a position indicator 21 is mounted on one of the guide rails 10 of the hammer carriage 2. In the upper position of the hammer carriage 2 the detector 21 is at the sensor 18 and in the lowest position at the sensor 20.

The drill hammers 1 are always provided with a drill bit 23 in their drill rod 22 (22a, b, c). The drill rods 22 are centered and guided to a holder 24 at the lower end of the pallet.

Figure 5 symbolically shows the drilling hammers 1a to 1c and the cylinders 7a to 7c the drilling hammers 1a, etc. in the form of a cylinder with an impact piston 26a, 26b, 26c. The cylinder chambers 7 'at the tops in the cylinders 7a to 7c are connected to each other by a line 27 and by connecting lines 28a, 28b, 28c. In a similar way, the lower cylinder chambers 7 "are connected to each other by a line 29 and by connecting lines 30a, 30b, 30c.

In the simplest case, the wires 27 and 29 25 can be formed as simple wire splices (splice point) comprising respective connecting wires (28a -28c and 30a-30c).

In a variant of the above, in the embodiment according to Fig. 6, the upper cylinder chambers 6 78159 7 'of the cylinders 7a and 7b are connected by a line 27' and connecting lines 28a, 28b and the upper cylinder chambers 7 "of the cylinders 7b, 7c by a line 27" and connecting lines 28b "and 28c. In order to equalize the pressure and volume, the connection between the cylinder chambers 7 'at the top of the cylinder 7a and 7c 5 takes place in each case via the above-mentioned lines or connecting lines and via the upper cylinder chamber 7' of the cylinder 7b. Further, the cylinders 7a, 7b are connected at their lower ends by a line 29 'and connecting lines 30a, 30b' and the cylinders 7b, 7c by a line 10 29 "and connecting lines 30b" and 30c.

The equalization of pressure and volume in each case between the lower cylinder chambers of the cylinders 7a and 7c takes place above, as described in connection with the upper cylinder chambers 7 '.

The drilling hammers 1a to 1c are connected to the pressure line PQ, which can be closed by means of the collecting line 31 and in each case via the supply lines 32a to 32c, by means of an electrically operated 2/2-way valve 33. In the embodiment according to Fig. 5, the supply lines 32a, etc. have in each case an adjustable choke 20 34a, 34b, 34c and a flexible line connection 35a, 35b, 35c.

The upper cylinder chambers 71 of the cylinders 7a to 7c are filled with hydraulic fluid. The total supply force Fg transmitted by the chain 12 to the hammer carriage 2 is evenly distributed on the housings of cylinders 7a to 7c connected to the hammer carriage 2 and is transferred from the cylinder housings via hydraulic fluid to the piston 6 and from them to the guide plates 3 and thus to hammer drills 1 (1a to 1c). The single feed force F, F,, F applied to the drill hammers 1 and thus to the drill rods 22 is in this embodiment

d D C

30 Fg / 3.

7 78159

The hydraulic pressure py in the upper cylinder chamber 7 'of the cylinders 7a to 7c is: (3 A), where A denotes the upper acting surface of the pistons of the pistons 6a to 6c.

At the beginning of the drilling program, the drilling hammers 1 and with them 5 the cylinders 7 - the pistons 6 are - in relation to the hammer carriage 2 - at the same height (dotted line M - M in Fig. 5). Due to the individual and locally different edge conditions, the drilling hammers 1 generally have different drilling speeds, as a result of which the drilling hammers 1 (and the pistons 10 6) perform relative axial movement relative to the hammer carriage 2. The individual displacement of the pistons 6 in the cylinders 7 results in a volume change in the upper and lower cylinder chambers 7 'and 7 ", which - in the embodiment according to Fig. 5 - are equalized by lines 27 or 15 29 and connecting lines 28a - 28c or 30a - 30c. to be the same.

When the hammer carriages 2 have reached a lower position corresponding to a predetermined length of the borehole, the detector 20 gives an impulse to the sensor 20 to set the 4/3-way valve 16 to the closed position shown in Fig. 1. This cuts off the supply force F to the hammer carriage 2 and thus also the individual supply force F, etc. to the individual drill hammers 1. To prevent the drill hammers from hitting, simultaneously or shortly afterwards the valve 33 in the pressure line PQ is switched to the closed position. . At present, the drilling tools 22, the associated drilling hammers 1 and the pistons 6 obtain, e.g. The difference between the drilling tools 23c and 23b is Δ1 = 2 s.

8 78159

If the drilling hammer 1 - regardless of the local quality of the stone - eg due to different wire lengths, always drills faster than both other drilling hammers, the drilling speed can be reduced by changing the position of the corresponding choke 5 34.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 7, in which, for simplicity, only the hydraulic cylinder 7 of the drilling unit 7 and the drilling hammer 1 (e.g. 7a, 1a, cf. Fig. 1 and Fig. 5) are shown, a position indicator 36 is additionally arranged on the drilling hammer 1, which works together with a position sensor 37 (not shown) attached to the hammer carriage 2. Arranged in the supply line 32 is an electromagnetically operated 2/2-way valve 39, which itself assumes the flow-through position shown in Fig. 7. In parallel with the valve 15 39, a bypass line 38 is provided, which has a suitably adjustable throttle member 40.

The magnet of the valve 39 is controlled by the position sensor 37. The valve 39 and the bypass line 38 together with the choke member 40 form a regulator 41. The described coupling arrangement 20 applies to all drill hammers 1a to 1c.

At the beginning of the drilling, all the drilling hammers 1a to 1c in the device according to Fig. 7 are at the same height with respect to the hammer carriage 2, e.g. the corresponding pistons are at the height of the dotted line M - M. In this position, the position-25 non-detector 36 has no effect on the position sensor 37.

In the event that the drilling hammer (e.g. 1c) drills faster than the other (e.g. 1b), the piston 6 (respectively 6c) moves downwards from the line M-M, i.e. in the feed direction of the drilling tool 22 30, so that the detector 36 engages the sensor 37 and gives there a signal which - when applied to the magnets of the valve 39 - causes the valve 39 to turn to the blocking position, whereby the flow through the valve 39 is interrupted. When the hydraulic fluid can no longer flow into the drill hammer 1 only through the choke element 40, the corresponding drill hammer 1 (resp. 1c) is affected by a reduced working pressure p, which again results in a reduction in drilling power.

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and thus a reduction in the feed rate of the drill hammer 1 and the drill rod 22. At a reduced feed rate, the drill hammer 1 (1c) moves backwards 10 relative to the hammer carriage 2, so that the piston 6 (6c) - from below - again approaches the imaginary line M - M and pulls the detector 36 back from the sensor 37. turns back to the flow-through position shown in Figure 7.

15 The hydraulic hammer 1 is now fed again with hydraulic fluid and full pressure P ^. With the described device, the hydraulic hammers 1 and with them the drill rods 22 can be kept at substantially the same height within a predetermined deviation.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 8, a magnetically actuated 2/2-way valve 42a, respectively, is built in each case for the connecting lines 28a to 28c connected to the connecting lines 27. 42b, 42c. The connecting line 27 is connected to the pressure line 25 'and the return line (T) by a double magnetically operated 4/3-way valve 43 and the connecting line 29 via the 3/2-way valve 45 also to the pressure line P "and the return line (T).

The drilling hammers 1 always comprise a position detector 47 (47a to 47c) which cooperates with two position sensors 48 30 (48a to 48c) or 49 (49a to 49c) which are in each case mounted one on top of the hammer carriage 2. The position sensors 48 are always arranged at the same height as where the corresponding detector 47 is when the pistons 6 are in their middle position (line M to M).

The device according to the embodiment according to Fig. 8 operates according to the cycle described below.

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The hammer carriage 2 is first in its uppermost position, where the position indicator 21 is opposite the position sensor 18 (cf.

5 Figure 2). Valve 42 and valve 43 are in each case in the flow-through position I, while valve 45 is in the flow-through position II. The cylinder chambers 7 'and 7 "of the cylinder 7 are thus always connected to a substantially unpressurized return line (T). The pistons 10 (6) loaded by the hydraulic hammers 1 are due to gravity - with the upper piston surfaces in the imaginary line N - N - in the lowest position in the cylinders 7.

To start the operating cycle, the valve 45 is turned to the flow-through position I, where the lower cylinder chambers 7 "15 are connected to the pressure line P". Thus, the pistons 6 and the accompanying drill hammers 1 are raised until each position indicator 47 is opposite its associated position sensor 48 (in this position the pistons 6 are on their upper surface in the imaginary line M-M). In this position, a mark is developed in the position sensor 48 which causes the corresponding valve 42 to turn to the closed position II. When all valves 42 are connected to the closed position II, the valve 43 is also turned to the closed position II.

In the last described position of the valves, the pistons 6 are hydraulically locked and the hydraulic hammers 1 thus remain at the same height. When drilling is started, the valve 33 is first turned to the flow-through position II, so that the drilling hammers 1 come into contact with the pressure line PQ and thus receive impact and drilling energy. Irrespective of the unevenness of the surface and the possibly locally varying strengths of the material to be drilled, the drilling hammers remain essentially - hydraulically locked - at the same height.

When the valve 16 (cf. Fig. 1) is turned to the flow-through position III, the hydraulic motor 15 is connected to the pressure line P, which via the chain 12 supplies the supply force to the hammer carriage 5 2.

When the position indicator 21 moves backwards, opposite to the position sensor 19 - at the end of the drilling phase, the signal developed in the sensor 19 is turned to the flow position I of the turn of the valve 42 and to the flow flow position II of the turn of the valve 45. This has already been achieved

the through-connection between the upper cylinder chambers 7 '(via lines 27, 28a -28c) shown in connection with the embodiment of Fig. 5, so that the supply forces F or F,, F

H DC

against the individual guide plates 3 or the drill hammers 1 15 are equal to each other.

When the lowest position of the hammer carriage 2 is reached, with the detector 21 opposite the sensor 20, the signal generated in the sensor 20 causes the valve 16 to turn to the closed position II, so that the supply force F is removed from the hammer carriage 20 at the same time. to the flow-through position III, where the upper cylinder chambers 7 'are connected to the pressure line P'. As a result, the hydraulic fluid coming under pressure p1 acts on the piston surfaces 25 of the pistons 6 in the upper cylinder chambers 7 'and moves these - and thus the hydraulic hammers 1 - down until the respective position indicator 47 is opposite the corresponding position sensor 49. When all hydraulic hammers 1 reach this in the position line Ν '- N' with respect to the drill bits 23 - the valve 30 is connected on the basis of the marks coming from all three sensors 49a to 49c to the closed position I, and thus the drilling work of the drilling hammers 1 ends. In addition, the valve 16 is connected to the flow-through position I, whereby the hydraulic motor 15 is inversely connected to the pressure line P. The hydraulic motor 15 now rotates in the opposite direction and pulls the hammer carriage 2 back up (empty or 5 back stroke). In the uppermost position of the hammer carriage 2, where the detector 21 is opposite the sensor 18, the valve 16 is reconnected to the closed position II, whereby the hydraulic motor 15 is hydraulically locked and the hammer carriage 2 remains closest to its upper position.

Claims (7)

1. Device for drilling hSl in the same plane, to which it belongs a lamely controlled hammer slick, on which several parallel drill hammers which are movable in the direction of their insertion shaft are arranged, characterized in that the drilling hammers (l = 1a, lb, le) Sr separately via a hydraulic cylinder (7 = 7a, 7b, 7c) joined to the hammer slick (2), and that at least - when transferring compressive power from the hammer slick (2) to each individual drill hammer (1 ) - conduit connection (27, 28) exists between the pressurized cylinder chamber (7 ') of each hydraulic cylinder (7) and the corresponding cylinder chamber (7') of the other hydraulic cylinder. 2. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the casings S of the hydraulic cylinders (7) are connected to the hammer bar (2) and the drill hammer (1) via the piston rod (5) to the corresponding piston (6). An apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a separate adjustable choke (34 = 34a, 34b) is provided for each drill hammer (1) in its supply line (32) coming from the pressure source (Pg) 34c). 4. An apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a stop valve (39) is arranged for each drill hammer Sr in its supply line (32), and that one is arranged parallel to the stop valve (39). A throttle (40) is provided with bypass line (38), whereby the stop valve (39) stops, releasably, the position of the hammer hammer (1) differs from the drilling direction from its center position (M - M) - in respect to the hammer stroke (2). 5. An apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the stop valve (39) can be controlled with a ground lever (2) attached position sensor (37) which in turn can be purged with a Position indicator (36) attached to the drill hammer (1). 6. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that 5. that compressive force is transferred from the hammer sled (2) to the drill hammer (1) - the pressure connection of each hydraulic cylinder (7) under pressure of the cylinder chamber (7 '). 27, 28. one with a stop valve (42 = 42a, 42b, 42c) has a connecting line (28 = 28a, 28b, 28c) which can be switched off, 10. that the line (27) connecting all connecting lines (28) is provided with a three-position valve, which allows either connection from the common line (27) to the pressure source (P ') or to the return line (T) or closes the connection of the connection line (28) both to the source of pressure (P') and to the return line (T), - and in each case the other cylinder chambers (7 ") of the hydraulic cylinders (7) are interconnected with each connecting line (30 = 30a, 30b, 30c), and the common line (29) is provided with a valve (45), Through which the connecting lines (30) are connected either to the pressure source (P) or return line (T). Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that - the position indicator (21) which Mr associated with the hammer mark (2) is arranged three in the top, bottom and bottom of the lavette (9) position sensor (18, 19, 20), - that for each drill hammer (1) there is a position indicator (47) for which a position indicator is arranged in the hammer sled (2).