FI77323B - GASDRIVET AUTOMATISKT ELLER HALVAUTOMATISKT SKJUTVAPEN. - Google Patents

Description

1 77323 • ί

This invention relates in particular to gas-fired automatic firearms, but may also be applied to semi-automatic firearms.

Automatic firearms are well known and the name is used for a firearm in which, when the trigger is pulled, multiple cartridges are fired in series as long as the 10 triggers are held in place or until the last cartridge is fired. Also well known are semi-automatic firearms, the name used for a firearm which, when the trigger is pulled, fires a cartridge, then throws out the cartridge, tunes the lock and moves the next cartridge to the magazine, 15 but does not fire the next cartridge until the trigger is released and retracted .

Automatic and semi-automatic weapons are widely discussed in the literature, e.g., W.H.B. In Smith's book 20 "The World's Small Arms," 1Q. edition. Revised by Joseph E. Emith, published in Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA, and in Janes Infantry Weapons, 1977, ed. Dennis H.R. Archer, published by Janes Publishing Company, and a well-known gas-powered, automatic 25 weapon is the US 7.62 mm NATO M60 machine gun, described on pages 695-699 of "The World's Small Arms" and pages 332-337 of "Janes Infantry Weapons". ", as well as the 5.56 mm AR18 rifle described on page 656 in the book" The World 's Small Arms "and on pages 229 - 331 in the book" Janes Infantry 30 Weapons ".

There are three main types of automatic weapons, namely recoil, kickback and gas operated. A kickback weapon is generally not suitable as a handgun because it is sensitive to mounting stiffness and elevation angle. Although infantry weapons are still used by infantry, they can only be used with weak 2 77323 rounds of ammunition, so infantry is now considered to be the best gas-powered weapon because it is more reliable and not prone to contamination by mud and sand. can use a fairly force-5 dipped cartridge.

A gas-powered weapon, such as the AR18, has a box, a lock-slide combination, which is forced by the operating spring towards the barrel and triggered by a trigger through a tuning threshold. The radial drilling through the barrel wall is at a predetermined point in the longitudinal direction of the barrel and outside in cooperation with the drilling is a combination of gas pistons and cylinders. In use, the lock-slide combination removes and feeds the cartridge from the cartridge to the feed area in the box, and the lock drives the cartridge over the inclined feed surface within the normal extension of the barrel 15 to close the cartridge in the chamber. The lock is then rotated to the normally locked position so that the cartridge is securely inside the chamber. Then, either a hammer that strikes the striker is triggered, or the last movement of the slider forward rotates and locks the lock as it drives the striker into the cartridge to trigger the cartridge in this manner. The gas pressure is caused by firing the cartridge and the gas enters the radial bore when the ball has passed the bore and enters the gas cylinder while the ball is still in the barrel. The gas, of course, dissipates as soon as the ball leaves the barrel.

25 The cylinder, which is a moving part, is connected along the slide so that when the gas is filled, the cylinder gas moves it, the slide slides backwards, opening the lock, removing the used cartridge, throwing it out and tuning the gun for the next sequence. Then another similar cycle takes place as long as the trigger is pressed and of course as long as there are cartridges for gas discharge. It should be noted that the movable cylinder, or possibly the piston, need not have the same length of motion as the slide.

35 The ARI8 rifle, like many other automatic weapons, fires the lock from the closed position, which means that the lock 3 77323 ko-slide combination is completely forward and the previous operation has closed the cartridge into the chamber, so that when the trigger is pulled, only a hammer or other light ampumismekanis-mi; the lock-slider combination does not move until firing 5 occurs, so no movement or force is applied to the weapon before firing. This is in contrast to a weapon firing from an open position of the thunder (such as the M60 Convertible), where the lock-slide assembly remains behind the feed area without the effect of previous operation being interrupted and the release threshold stops the slider before the lock spring drives the lock-slide assembly completely forward. Thus, initially, no cartridge becomes closed in the chamber, and when the trigger is depressed, the lock-slide assembly is released and the main spring pushes it forward to close the cartridge in the chamber and release it. When firing from the open position of the buckle, a force is applied to the weapon backwards before the moment of firing due to the reaction force of the spring which pushes the slider forward.

During the operating cycle, the slide moves to the rear position so that the second charge can be fed and closed into the chamber.

This feed overshoot is defined in this distance in meters between the front end of the lock (in the extended position of the lock relative to the slide) and the bottom of the cartridge at the feed, e.g. the cartridge feed opening, measured when the rear end of the slider just touches the emergency stop containing a buffer.

25 It should be noted that the front end of the lock is usually a release shoulder that contacts the bottom of the cartridge and drives the cartridge forward and out of the feed and toward the chamber as the slider moves forward. The term "release shoulder" refers to (instead of the "front of the lock") weapons that do not release from the front of the lock.

FR Patent 1,151,326 discloses a kickback weapon in which the overhang of the cartridge feed movement corresponds to at least two-thirds of the length of the right cartridge. However, the solution according to the reference publication requires that the main drive spring 35 be arranged at the rear of the weapon and in order to provide the necessary feed movement over the stern is concatenated so that the lock can move behind the weapon. The kickback weapon according to the French patent publication is also equipped with a bumper, so it is provided that the lock will collide with the stopper during its return movement. It should be emphasized that FR Patent 1,151,326 is directed to a kickback weapon and is thus directed to a different field of technology than the gas fired weapon of the present invention. In addition, which will be explained in more detail below, the weapon according to the present invention is equipped with a locking system which moves only inside the box and in which the lock does not collide with the stop when moving backwards.

In known gas-powered weapons, the slider normally strikes the rear wall of the box to limit the length of the rearward movement, and in many known weapons, such as the M16, described on pages 650-653 in "World Handguns" and pages 226-228 in "Janes Infantry Weapons". the impact occurs through a buffer.

As used herein, a "buffer" is a device that sits between the slider and the stop to rapidly decelerate the faucet support and has a force at least twice that of the averages of all other spring forces.

Thus, for reliability, each automatic or fully automatic weapon must provide sufficient energy to the lock / slide so that the lock / slide can move past the cartridge feed station, and this bypass must be large enough to allow the cartridge to move to a position where it can be removed e.g. .lock release shoulder pat-30 from the trunks with which it is stacked. Although gas-powered guns are less susceptible to clogging, they become dirty, and for this reason the gun designer must give the lock-slide combination sufficient energy to bypass the feed station even when the gun is operating dirty. For this reason, some gas-powered weapons have a manually adjustable gas control system so that the user can

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5 77323 increase the gas pressure if experience shows that the cartridges do not get enough time to move to the supply position. In gas-powered weapons without gas control, the gas system is designed to provide the lock-slide combination with sufficient energy to bypass the feed station in poor conditions.

But, as described for the M16 assault rifle, it is normal for the backward movement of the slider to be limited by a bumper that strikes the back wall of the box and is intended to dampen the impact of the slider striking the rear wall of the box. Without or with the bumper, the slider pops from the rear wall of the box and it is clear that by increasing the gas pressure in the gas system, which increases the energy driving the lock-slider combination backwards, the energy with which the slider strikes the box wall is increased. This has the effect of shortening the movement time from the least bypass position, which allows the cartridge sufficient time to move to the feed station, until the lock release shoulder is advanced by the main spring to attempt to remove the cartridge, as the slide assembly is driven back faster and it pops up from the back wall and backs forward faster. Thus, if the energy received by the lock-slide combination from the gas pressure exceeds a predetermined value, then again the cartridge has too little time to move to the 25 supply stations.

Numerous attempts have been made in gas-powered weapons to reduce the impact of a slider hitting the rear wall of a box, although these attempts have been made to reduce the impact of a sliding combination that pushes the rear wall of the box backwards. This phenomenon is referred to as "restitution," which means the proportion of energy in an impacting mass that returns to the mass after it strikes a solid, solid object. So if a steel slider strikes the steel rear wall of the box, then most of the energy of the striking lock-slip-35 combination will return the slider to the rear wall of the box in the opposite direction. In this case, the recovery is almost 100% and AR18 is one example.

6 In the 77323 M16 rifle, an attempt has been made to reduce the return by using a bumper carried by the rear slide assembly so that it absorbs some of the energy contained in the lock striking the rear wall of the box. The bumper can be squeezed between the back wall of the ko-5 size box and the striking lock-slide assembly. Although the recovery coefficient of M16 is considered small, it can still be seen that a significant kickback is caused by the lock-slide assembly striking the rear wall of the box, so that in a direct correspondence ratio, the lock-slide assembly bounces back with a significant amount of energy. It is an object of the invention to provide a gas-operated weapon which substantially alleviates said adverse effects of an impact in relation to the reliable supply of known weapons.

According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a gas firearm comprising a box having a rear wall at one end and a barrel at the other end and further having a cartridge supply space, and inside the box there is a movable slide system cooperating with a return spring 20 to force the slide system move towards the barrel, characterized in that the sliding system moves only inside the box and the box and the sliding system are arranged so that when retracted it passes the base of the cartridge in the carton by an distance 25 equal to or greater than the full length of the loaded cartridge and the sliding system does not collide the back wall.

By using a structure in which the feed excess movement is equal to or greater than the total length of the hard cartridge, an exceptionally large excess movement is obtained compared to known gas-powered weapons, whereby the time left for the cartridge to move to the feed station is greatly extended. In the arrangement of the invention, the length of the rearward movement of the lock is normally so that the lock strikes the rear wall of the box, thus avoiding the recoil associated with the impact. As noted above, it occurs in known, gas-operated

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7 In 77323 weapons, recoil not only from the weapon when the slide combination strikes the back wall of the box, but also recoil from the weapon when the cartridge is fired. Thus, there are two recoils that occur at opposite ends of the time period, i. one when the slide assembly is in its rearmost position and the other when the slide assembly is in its forward position near the barrel. The effect of the recoil on the user is that even if the first projectile hits the target, subsequent subsequent projectile barrels make the barrel rise so that the shots go over the target. 10 It must be remembered that such automatic weapons usually fire about 10 shots per second and it takes a short time, about 1-2 seconds, before the weapon user is able to compensate for the recoil effect and aim at the target again. Because the user loses control of such weapons, 15 they tend to be inaccurate.

Although the loss of control can be greatly mitigated in both of these kickback and recoil weapons, the solution used in these weapons has so far not been considered suitable for gas-powered weapons because of the differences in operation between the weapon types 20.

The recoil effect on a gas-fired weapon is normally considered to be less than that of a lock-fired weapon, which, although not automatic, is in many respects similar to a gas-fired weapon. In this regard, the nail 25 both have a locked and rigid structure that tends to deliver a cartridge impulse during the "barrel". The cause of the smaller recoil is considered to be the gas in the cylinder, which not only drives the moving part (either the cylinder or the piston) and thus the free mass of the slide assembly backwards and further the front wall of the fixed part forwards. Thus, gas-powered weapons have a "softer" action than said lock-operated weapon. Still, the effect of recoil is the same as described above, i. the shooter loses sight of the target after firing the first shot, and it is clear that this is because a number of different recoil functions occur, which the user experiences as a series of separate hard is- 8 77323 alleys. Various attempts have been made to overcome recoil, and in this regard reference is made to Julian S. Hatcher's book "Hatcher's Note Book", published in the United States by the Telegraph Press, 3rd edition, 2nd edition, April 1976, page 262 and seu-5 scraps.

Since recoil affects the control of known gas-powered weapons, attempts have been made to improve their hit accuracy, e.g. with three shot blast limiters, high-power rifles that shoot 3-4 shots very 10 quickly so that the weapon does not have time to deviate from the target, and double or triple cartridges that fire two or three bullets with each shot. None of these have proven to be good, but they just show how difficult it is for designers to improve the accuracy of a gas-powered au-15 tomato gun. It is also an object of the invention to improve the controllability of a gas fired weapon.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a gas firearm comprising a box having a rear wall at one end and a barrel at the other end, and if there is further a cartridge supply space and a slide system movable within the box which cooperates with a return spring forcing the slide system to move. towards the barrel, characterized in that the slide system moves only inside the box and the product of the elastic weight (total weight of the parts of the Palau-25), the spring force and the stroke length, each as described above, is equal to (0,5I) 2x 0,5 g + 15% , where I is the impulse of the cartridge and g is the acceleration due to gravity, so that when the product of the initial weight of the elastic weight and the reversing motion is equal to 0.51, the spring force 30 causes the sliding system to gradually stop during reversal without colliding with the stop.

The value I is normally obtained from the formula ball weight (kp) x ball speed (m / sec) g (m / sec / sec /) gunpowder weight (kp) x gunpowder speed (m / sec) g (m / sec / sec) 35

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9 77323 and e.g. 5.56 x 45 mm for a standard cartridge I = 0.00357 x 991.3 + 0.00169 x 1372.5 _ 0_597 kp_sec.

9.81 9.81 5 "Spring force" here means the mean value of the spring forces which decelerate the elastic weight (defined below) as it moves backwards and accelerate the weight as it moves forwards. The average is determined by distance and not time. If the weight tunes the hammer or impact mechanism as it moves backwards, the spring force of this impact mechanism is part of the average. The sum of all spring force averages, regardless of whether these values increase or decrease the main drive spring force, determines the "spring force" but does not include the buffer force. "Spring force" does not include friction that cannot be accurately amplified. It is determined by standard mathematical formulas for the spring developed by the Associated Spring Corporation, headquartered at Wallace Barnes Division, 18 Main Street, Bristol, Connecticut 06010, USA, and is an internationally recognized authority. So 20 when a swing hammer is used, the product of the travel x of the elastic mass x of the elasticity x is obtained from the formula: 1/2 OEC + EH) (WC + WH) + (EC. WC. + EH. WH.) J, where EC = energy of the slide combination; EH = hammer energy; 25 WC = weight of the skate kp; WH = hammer weight kp; and EC = mean force of the main spring of the slide combination x travel of the slide combination in mKp; EH = mean hammer spring force x distance of hammer spring deviation 30, mKp.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that when a torsional spring is used for a hammer, a direct change to linear values can be made.

"Elastic weights" means the total weight in kilograms of all forward parts of the main spring. In a gas-powered weapon, these parts are e.g. lock combination, slide ίο 7 73 2 3 (or drive rod known per se) and half weight of the main drive spring. Where applicable, these parts also include a tuning handle (as in the known AK-47) and a bumper if the bumper moves with a slider, such as the Model 5 and M16.

"Travel distance" here means the length of the permissible movement of the slide (or drive rod) measured in meters. The distance is half a cycle and is the total distance that the slide (or drive rod known per se) can move from the front end 10 of the box to the rear end without hitting the stop, which is also called the bumper.

In a presently preferred embodiment, the product of the travel of the spring force x of the spring force x is equal to (0.51) x 0.5 g + 5%. The weapon is preferably designed to fire 15 locks from the open position as defined above. The lock preferably includes a lock carried by a reciprocating slide assembly. The lock can usually move a predetermined distance relative to the faucet slide assembly. Thus, the lock-co-slide assembly can be driven back to compress the main spring 20 and the slide assembly is extended longitudinally with the barrel to an area normally having a barrel gas port connected to a cylinder having; a piston designed to contact the slide assembly and give it backward momentum.

It is preferred to mount the main drive spring on a guide located next to the cylinder and rear next to the rear wall of the box, and the rear position of the guide is preferably inside the rear wall of the box, with the outside of the rear wall of the box in contact with the rear of the gun. As used herein, the terms "front" and "rear" and other similar adverbial expressions refer to position relative to the mouth of the weapon, such that the stern is located behind the mouth.

The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a gas-operated, fully automatic weapon according to the invention;

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n 77323 Figures 2A and 2B show the maximum and minimum feed excess movement in known gas-fired weapons; Figures 3A and 3B show the maximum and minimum feed excess movement in the weapon; Figures 4A and 4B show the effect of a different amount of energy from a cartridge on a known gas-fired weapon; Figures 5A and 5B show, compared to Figures 4A and 4B, the effects of different amounts of energy from the cartridge 10 to the invention in accordance with one aspect thereof; Figures 6A-6E schematically show views of operation and impulse forces on a weapon according to the invention firing from the open position of the lock; Figures 7A-7E show graphical representations of reaction / back reaction forces not to the weapons shown in Figures 6A-6E; Figures 8A and 8B show a schematic and graphical view, respectively, of the operation of a known gas-fired weapon firing from the open position of a lock; Fig. 9 shows a graphical representation of the reaction of a user of a weapon according to the invention; and Figure 10 is a comparative, graphical representation, relative to Figure 5, of a reaction to a user of a known gas-fired weapon.

In the figures, the same reference numerals indicate similar parts.

The gas-operated atomic weapon shown in Figure 1 has a box 1 with a stern 2 connected to the rear wall 100 and a barrel 10 connected to the opposite end of the stern 2. The pistol handle 11 is connected by a screw 30 and nut under the box 1 and the front handle 12 is connected to the barrel. 10 below. The pistol grip 11 is connected to the box 1 via a trigger cover 72 which protects a trigger device 73 having an arcuate finger pull trigger 730 mounted on a pivot rod 731 actuated by a spring 732 in a closed hole 1232 in the inner end of the trigger. 77323 and its other end is against a trigger spring retainer 733 in fixed relationship with the receiver. The detent 733 is in the guide groove 734 of the trigger 730. The upper rear surface 735 of the trigger 730 acts against a conventional tuning-5 threshold device 7, the tuning threshold 700 of which is pivotally mounted on a crossbar 701 extending through opposite sides of the receiver. The tuning threshold 700 is biased to the non-trigger position by a compression spring 702 located between the recess 703 of the threshold 700 and the pin 704 mounted on the base of the receiver.

The slide assembly 3 is slidably mounted on the rail 101 in the receiver and the slide assembly comprises a block 300 of suitable shape so as to contact the rail 101 and to which the vertical locking projections 325 of the tuning threshold 15 are attached (as shown in Figure 1), one on each side of the weapon another in cross-section in Figure 1). For example, by welding, a plate part 301 with a cross-section of P-shape is fixed to the upper end of the block 300, whereby the vertical part si-20 of the P-shape is distributed horizontally, so that P is as if on its back. Inside the closed bend of the P-shape is a spring-loaded, non-popping weight (not shown) and in the longitudinal direction next to the non-closed part of P is a main drive spring device 302. For ease of explanation, the main drive spring device 302 is shown as if it were on the axis , but in practice the device 302 is moved to the right as seen from the centerline. The main drive in the spring device 302 is a handlebar 303 having a circular cross-section and ends 304 and resp. 305 having parallel planar surfaces 306 in the portion between their ends 304, 305. A guide drive spring 307 is mounted over the guide rod 303. At the end of the P-shaped portion 301 remote from the block 300 is a sleeve 308 with a recess 309, with a spring 307, and a circular cross-sectional recess 310 with the end 304 of the handlebar 35 303 slidably. At the end of the main drive spring 307, which is remote from the sleeve 308, there is a ring 311 attached

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13 77323 to the handlebar 303 by a cross pin 312 and intended to form a main retainer for the spring 307 and support the rear end of the handlebar 303 by a protrusion 102 on the receiver rear wall 100. The cross pin 312 extends through a slot 5 in the receiver side wall. detach from the protrusion 102 by advancing the cross pin 312. Mounted on the longitudinal axis of the barrel and inside the block 300 is an impact rod 313 biased to a rearward position by a compression spring 314, the limits of movement of the impactor being determined by a slot 315 in the impactor cooperating with the cross pin 316. .

The front of the impactor is surrounded by a lock 317 which can slidably rotate along the longitudinal axis of the barrel within the block 300 and which can thus move relative to the slide assembly.

The lock 317 is conventionally provided with a guide pin 318 which cooperates in a known manner with a guide slot of the block 300 (not shown). In addition, the lock 317 has, as is known, a whisk pin 319 displaced to the left (as viewed) of the longitudinal axis of the barrel and biased forward by a coil spring 320, the forward movement of the pin 319 being limited by a stop 321 acting in the slot 319. The lock 317 also has a non-spring-loaded claw (not shown because it is on the right side of the center axis viewed from the front) that operatively engages the cartridge to remove it from the chamber 109 in the barrel extension 110. At the rear end of the barrel extension 110 there are locking projections 111 with the respective projections 322 of the lock 317 overlap, and when the lock is rotated by the action of the guide pin 318 in its cooperating slot, this locks the lock projections 322 in engagement with the projections 111 so that the lock 317 cannot move backward. The inclined feed surface 114 is located at the lower inner circumference 35 of the barrel extension to facilitate entry of the cartridge into the chamber 109. The barrel extension 110, which is attached to the barrel 10 by an external screw thread 14 77323 over the barrel, is connected to the receiver 1 by block 113.

At a predetermined position along the barrel 10 is a gas system 9 with a rearwardly sloping gas opening 900, 5 connected to a gas cylinder 901 with a piston 902. A gas cylinder 901 is mounted between a known grain device 95 and a sleeve 904 for aligning one of the gas cylinder 901 boxes With 1. The compression spring 903 biases the piston 902 forward toward the grain device 10 95. It is apparent that the guide rod 303 extends forward from the barrel extension so that the end 304 is adjacent the sleeve 904. When the slide assembly is in its extreme forward position, the piston 902 is intended to substantially contact the front sleeve 308 of the P-shaped portion 301.

The weapon of Figure 1 also has a rear sight base 96, a carrying handle 97 mounted on the right side of the box (although shown for clarity), a lugs 98, a flame arrestor 99, and a magazine 4 showing in part a dashed cartridge 499 ready to feed. 20 to the working area 103. The arrangement of these parts can, for example, be conventional.

The weapon of Figure 1 has a normal shear handle (not shown) on the left side of the box when viewed from the front, and the lock-slide assembly is shown in the lock open position 25 as described above. The weapon is tuned and the slide assembly 3 is held behind a tuning threshold 700 which contacts the protrusions 325, but in this position the overshoot is much less than the length of the hard cartridge (defined below).

In use, with the various parts in the positions shown in Figure 1, the trigger 730 is pulled back against the force of the spring 732 so that the surface 735 rotates clockwise about the rod 731, thereby tilting the excitation threshold 700 against the compressive force of the spring 703. When the threshold 700 is tilted, 35 it releases the projections 325 and thus the slide assembly 3, which is driven forward by the tuning of the main drive spring 307.

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is 7 7 3 2 3 due to the tension developed. As the slide assembly 3 moves forward toward the barrel extension 110, the lower edge of the lock detaches from the cartridge 4 of the cartridge 499, and continuous movement of the slide assembly causes the cartridge 499 to pass over the inclined feed surface 114 in the barrel extension to thus introduce the cartridge into the chamber 109. with the barrel extension projections 111, a locking portion (not shown) that normally engages the lock projections 322 to prevent this rotation is pushed back-10 (not shown) by the portion to release the lock, allowing the guide pin 318 to rotate the lock along the guide slot. Rotation of the lock 317 causes the lock projections 322 to rotate and engage, i. to lock, with the projections 111 of the barrel extension 110, which locks the lock 317 and prevents its movement 15 behind. In this case, the cartridge 499 is locked in the chamber 109 and the whisk pin 319 is pushed backwards, and the continuous forward movement of the slide assembly 3 drives the striker rod 313 to the rear end of the cartridge, which ignites the charging of the cartridge. The sleeve 308 of the P-shaped part 301 is then substantially in the same plane as the front part of the head 304.

When the cartridge is triggered, it develops a gas pressure, and as the ball passes the gas orifice 900, the pressurized gas enters the orifice 900 and expands in the cylinder 90. The pressure in the cylinder 901 causes the piston 902 to move backward, and because the piston 902 is normally designed to contact the sleeve 308 in practice there is a small gap between adjacent surfaces due to tolerances), the sleeve 308 will be driven back to compress the main drive spring 307.

It should be noted that the length of movement of the piston 902 is much less than that of the slide assembly 3 and the piston stops against the shoulder, but the slide assembly continues backwards because energy and impulse are stored in its mass during acceleration by the gas system. Since the pressure of the gas in the barrel ceases as soon as the ball exits the barrel, the location and amount of gas entering the cylinder 901 is carefully arranged.

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The rearward movement of the slide assembly 3 and thus the guide slot 31 causes the guide pin 318 to pass along the guide slot and thus rotate and open the lock projections 322 from the barrel extension projections 111. The continuous backward movement of the slide 5 pulls the lock 317 back and causes the cartridge to be removed (not shown). latching and contacting the cartridge in the locked position, pulling the cartridge back and thus removing the cartridge from the chamber 109. Continuous backward movement of the slide assembly 3 causes the spent cartridge 10 nan to settle on the line of the whisk slot (not shown) on the right side of the box. Since the whisk pin 319 is moved to the left side of the longitudinal axis of the used sleeve and the claw lock holds the right side of the sleeve and the spring 320 simultaneously applies spring tension, the pin-15 pi 319 is pushed forward so that the sleeve is ejected through the whisk slot. Continuous backward movement of the slide assembly exposes the top cartridge in the magazine and takes the protrusions 325 past the rear end of the tuning threshold 700 to re-tune the weapon.

In the automatic operation just described, the distance that the lock release shoulder passes the rear end of the cartridge at the feed station is now dimensioned in the preferred embodiment to be 1.8 x the total length of the hard cartridge, defined as the longitudinal internal length of the magazine. Although the overdrive in the presently preferred embodiment is 1.8 x the total length of the hard cartridge, it has been found that none of the gas-fired weapons, of which po. Applicants are aware at this time, will not cause an overdrive that would be greater than 0.8 x the length of a hard pat-30 rune. By providing an additional overdrive in accordance with the requirements of the invention, the weapon obtains the advantages described below.

If the trigger 730 is still pressed, the sequence of events is repeated until either the trigger is released so that the trigger threshold 700 engages the protrusions 325 again, or the last cartridge is triggered, whereby if the trigger is still pressurized.

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17 7 73 2 3 the lock ends the sequence of events locked to the barrel extension.

Another characteristic feature of the invention is now apparent, namely that the slide assembly 3 is slowed only by the action of the main 5 coil spring 307, and in contrast to known gas automatic weapons, the invention does not have a slide assembly that strikes the rear wall 100 of the box in any way. the above-mentioned buffer for weapons.

10 Thus, in order to take into account the maximum possible variations in operation with respect to friction, barrel, heat, gas system leaks and uneven cartridge performance, all known gas-operated automatic weapons have an over-movement of the slide combination; i.e., the gas system provides the slide assembly 15 with more than enough energy to retract it past the cartridge feed station, i. providing a feed overshoot as defined above. To effect feed overshoot, all known gas-operated guns stop the slide assembly after it has made a feed overshoot, allowing the slide assembly to strike the rear wall of the box in some way, although, as described above, attempts have been made to reduce impact by using a bumper. Still, a mechanical shock occurs.

Too much energy is needed to ensure that even if the 25 gun is dirty, the gas system is leaking, or the cartridge is weak, the slide combination has enough energy to overshoot the feed. If, on the other hand, the gun is clean and well oiled, there is little leakage in the gas system and the cartridge is full of force, too much energy in the known 30 guns will cause a strong blow from the slide assembly when the rear wall of the box stops it. In all conditions, the slide combination should bypass the cartridge feed station so that the gun operates reliably even in poor conditions.

The gun uses an impulse that is half the impulse of the cartridge 35 to drive the slide assembly back, and this is enough excess energy to cause movement past the rear end of the feed even in the worst conditions when the gun is well lubricated, etc., take a long overdrive and main drive the energy received by the slide combination. The energy of the slide assembly is absorbed by the main drive spring, so that the slide assembly is stopped until it stops by the main drive spring before the slide can strike the rear wall of the box.

The situations described above are shown in Figures 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B, and Figure 2A shows a known gas-operated weapon in its largest recoil space where the slide assembly 3 'strikes the rear wall 100' of the box, allowing the next cartridge 499 ' pass. If the known weapon did not have the greatest recoil due to the impact on the back wall of the box, the over-movement is usually insufficient to feed the next cartridge, resulting in incorrect feeding as shown in Figure 2B. As described above, if, in addition, the slider combination receives too much energy when this combination is driven backwards, so that it bounces off the rear wall of the box with also higher energy. In this case, the time of the next pat-20 run to rise to the correct feed position is shortened and the result is again the wrong feed.

In contrast, the invention is designed to provide a feed overshoot equal to or greater than the full length of the hard cartridge. Figure 3A shows the maximum recoil state of the invention and shows that the slide assembly 3 does not strike the rear wall 100 of the box; Fig. 3B shows the minimum recoil state under poor conditions, in which, although less overdrive is required, according to the invention the overdrive is still sufficient to feed the next cartridge, and again, of course, there is no impact to the rear wall of the box.

By using too much over-movement in the invention, the gun has a much wider operating range, because with a 44% increase in friction or a 44% reduction in gas energy, the over-movement is sufficient to carry out the operation of the gun and feed the next cartridge. Such a wide operating range has not been achieved before and, moreover, this does not include any blow to the back wall of the box.

Il 19 77323

Yet another advantage of long overdrive is that the cartridge has more time in the cartridge to rise to the feed position, which means that the cartridge can contain more cartridges with a certain spring force. In this ratio, the lippaal-5a is conventionally a constriction point from which the slide assembly can remove the cartridges, and a spring forces the cartridges in the box towards the constriction point. The constriction site normally has a series of lips that allow the cartridges to exit only in their axial direction, i. the cartridges can only Liu-10 move forward from the cartridge relative to the faucet that, in use, takes the cartridge out between the lips. Therefore, the cartridge spring must move all the cartridges in the cartridge far enough so that the uppermost cartridge rises in the path of the lock when the lock is tuned and before the lock returns forward to close the 15 cartridge chamber. The longer the reverse movement time in the feed before the lock returns, the larger the hopper filling volume can be. Of course, it is possible to increase the filling volume of the magazine by increasing the force of the spring in the magazine, but this has the detrimental side effect that the resistance of the 20 locks increases due to higher friction. Besides, the stronger the spring in the chest, the greater the strain on the spring when the chest is full, causing the spring to weaken.

The advantageous effect of using excessive feed override in the invention is compared to conventional gas fired arms in Figures 4A and 4B, where the slide assembly 3 'is shown at its rearmost limit to the rear wall 100' of the box. In Fig. 4A, the slide combination 3 'is assumed to have a given energy E = 1 and the slide combination contacts the rear wall of the box. The time of the operation period is T = 1. In Fig. 4B, it is assumed that the energy applied to the slide assembly 3 'has increased to E = 3 and then strikes the back wall of the box, the slide assembly bounces off this, with the result that the entire operation of the faucet slide assembly the time is T = fT - VT = 0.32. In this case, 35 n corresponds to the motion time if no impact interrupts the motion, and VT is the time lost due to the motion distance that is not available.

20 77323

When a slider strikes at the back, a higher amount of energy means a shorter operating time, but if no shock occurs, then a higher energy means a longer operating time. The latter situation is very advantageous and gives four important advantages: 1. The absence of a blow provides an opportunity for "continuous recoil", which is discussed below. Although the absence of a rear impact of the slide combination does not in itself ensure "continuous recoil", any impact to the rear bumper or rear wall eliminates this possibility.

2. The increase in time slows down the automatic firing, which in turn reduces the mean recoil force in a direct proportion, which increases controllability, i.e. accuracy.

3. The increase in time T, especially the feed time, provides the possibility for a magazine with a larger filling volume, which increases the firepower of the weapon.

4. The higher energy allows the gun to operate in more variable conditions, as mentioned above, so if dirt clogs the gun, too much energy ensures that the slide combination can still operate. Conversely, if the gun is clean and well lubricated, it consumes too much energy by simply depressing the main spring itself, so that the slip-joint combination moves more backwards than is necessary for the gun's operational requirements. Thus, the weapon is more reliable-25 vamp in more varying conditions.

; It should now be noted that, with the exception of cartridge delivery time, the reliability of all other mechanical functions of the weapon increases with energy, whether or not an impact occurs, but this does not matter unless the cartridge delivery time is as important to the weapon's continuity as any other activity is not shortened.

From the above, it is clear that with a given spring force and the operating mass of the slide combination, a longer operating time and higher energy can be achieved without a slide combination hitting the rear wall of the box only by providing a longer travel to the slide. The advantage of increasing the travel of the slider to the operating time in the weapon is shown schematically in Figures 5A and 5B, of which in Figure 5A the slip assembly 3 is given energy E = 1 and the operating time 5 T = 1. In Figure 5B the energy E = 3 given slider and only means that the slide combination travels a longer distance and is still designed so that it does not strike the rear wall of the box 100. The effect of E = 3 is therefore only that the operating time is extended ar-10 flow T = 'ίΐ = 1.73. Thus, it is clear that when in the known weapon the operating time is considerably shortened when the energy is increased, whereby the cartridge has less time to rise up into the supply area, the invention has simply extended the operating time as the energy increases. Thus, the kek-15 achieves many advantages over known gas-fired weapons by combining feed overshoot, which means greater overshoot compared to known gas-fired weapons, and the feature that the slide combination does not strike the rear wall of the box.

20 The following is a discussion of the theory of operation of the second aspect of the invention, although it is clear that the benefit and advantage of the invention do not depend on the adequacy or accuracy of the present theory. However, it is believed that the following theory is correct and its presentation facilitates the understanding of the invention.

25 When a weapon is fired, it has a recoil impulse equal to the impulse of the bullet given by the force multiplied by time. However, this does not mean that the weapon and the bullet have the same energy, for if the weapon weighs a thousand times more than the bullet, it has only a thousandth of the energy of the bullet, but it has the same impulse. In other words, little energy is needed to give a large impulse to a large weight. If, at the time of firing, the weapon were pushed forward by an impulse equal to the cartridge impulse, there would be no recoil and it would be irrelevant if the weapon has a locked and rigid structure, such as a locking weapon, or is the barrel free of recoil, such as recoil. 2 3 in the gun. This is because no movement or force would be transferred to the user. If a large weight were to transfer this push forward to the weapon, very little energy would be required for this. Two things happen in each gas-powered weapon that gives a sudden push forward at the moment of firing: 1. The lock strikes the barrel extension, driving the barrel forward; and 2. as the ball passes the gas orifice in the barrel, the Suur-10 pressurized gas enters the gas cylinder, driving the piston and accelerating the slide assembly backward while pushing the barrel forward.

It is important that the slide assembly 3 is not part of the locked and rigid structure and its possible rear impulse-15 si can move slowly into the weapon through the main drive spring 307. If a sufficient common impulse equal to the firing impulse is provided for the two events pushing the weapon forward, then no recoil impact load is transferred to the user at the time of firing. Instead, the impulse stored in the 20 backward sliding assembly would be slowly transmitted to the user through the main drive spring.

Fig. 6A schematically shows a lock of a weapon according to a second embodiment of the invention in the open position if the weapon fires automatically. Assuming that the gas piston: 902 has given a backward impulse in the slide assembly 3 equal to half the firing impulse, I indicating the impulse and that the main drive spring force is sufficient to overcome the energy stored in the backward movement of the slide assembly 3 so that the drive spring slide combination before this hits anything.

Dry 7A shows a graphical graph showing the time T in the abscissa and the ordinate of the reaction R and the counter reaction CR.

35 The two complete actions of the weapon are shown to the left of the dashed line S and flat when a new action begins

II

23 7 7 3 2 3 0.51 is pushed against the back wall of the box by the action of 100 springs 307.

Assuming that the main drive spring 307 applies a constant pressure, the 0.51 force is constant, so that when the slide assembly 5 3 strikes the barrel extension 110 as shown in Figure 7B, the 0.51 impulse is directed forward and shown as the counter-recoil peak 0.51 in Figure 7B. The cartridge 499 in the chamber now fires and applies 11 pulses both forward and backward as shown in Figure 6C, but because the barrel is open, the target-10 pulse is directed forward only to the bullet and not to the weapon, while the recoil pulse 11 is directed backward through the lock with the result that on the back wall of the box 100 and 11 recoil, which is shown as a positive peak in Fig. 7C. As the ball passes the gas orifice 900, the gases 15 flow into the gas cylinder 901. The gas pressures in the gas cylinder, both forward and backward, apply 0.51 impulses forward and backward through the correct dimensioning of the gas system (Figure 6D). But since the slider combination 3 and the main drive spring 307, in combination, take time to transfer the rear-20 driven pulse to the rear wall 100 of the box, the first visible effect in the weapon is 0.51 pulse forward, which we believe halves the full 11 recoil pulse at firing, recoil, as noted and images-25 tu above for gas-fired weapons. The pulse curve for dry 6D, shown in Figure 7D, thus shows an increase of 0.51 counter-reaction peak.

When the slide assembly is in the position shown in Fig. 6E in which it moves backwards, the ball 30 exiting the barrel has released the gas impulse forward and 0.51 impulse backwards (given by the gas piston 902) now travels by the slide assembly 3 through the main drive spring 307 to the box rear wall 100 force, resulting in a 0.51 recoil impulse in the rear wall of the box 35, as shown in Figure 7E. The main drive spring has sufficient deflection and force to decelerate and stop the rearward movement of the movable slide assembly 24 before it strikes the wall 100. One cycle of operation shown in Figure 7E indicates that the recoil pulse 11 of the triggered cartridge (Figures 6C and 7C) eliminates two -5 kyl pulses 0.51, each of which occurs substantially simultaneously (Figs. 6B, 7B and 6D and 7D) with the trip pulse 11. Thus we are left with a total pulse during one operating cycle (between S and S '), which is 0.51 to 0.51 + li to 0.51 + 0.51 = 11, where 11 is the mean pulse (shaded in Fig. 7E). is divided into one complete operation of the slide combination, i.e. The trigger pulse II occurs substantially simultaneously with the two counter-reaction peaks, which are 0.51 each. This results in a substantially even push into the rear wall 100 of the box, which in turn faces the user. Thus, the user of the weapon receives a substantially constant recoil force. Since the recoil is substantially unchanged, the user's aim is greatly improved due to the better controllability of the weapon, i. the weapon no longer receives unbalanced impulse peaks generated by 20 known gas-powered weapons. In this regard, reference is made to Figures 8A and 8B, which show a known gas-fired weapon having similar (but not the same) parts as in Figures 6A-E and 7A-E and in which the slide assembly 3 'is in the position described in connection with Figures 6E and 7E. .

The conventional slide assembly 3 'and the drive spring 307' are not designed for the equation of the second embodiment of the invention (defined below), so the slide assembly strikes the rear wall of the box, albeit in some known cases through a buffer. Figure 8B shows the entire operation between the dashed lines S-S1 after firing the previous two cartridges. Starting from the beginning of the operation at S, the slide assembly 3 'has struck the rear wall of the box 100' due to the impulse of the cartridge, so that a recoil peak A develops in the rear wall of the box. Under the force 35 of the drive spring, which is again assumed to be constant, the slide assembly moves forward and strikes the barrel extension. A counterecylyl impulse of less than 0.51 typically develops, and then the cartridge is triggered so as to accelerate the reaction.

II

25 7 7 3 2 3 A pulse and a subsequent counter-recoil pulse less than 0/51 are typically produced by a gas that expands in the gas cylinder 901 '. The piston at 902 'drives the slide assembly 3' backwards and again the spring force is assumed to be constant.

5 Due to the conventional dimensioning of travel, elastic weight and spring force, the slide combination 3 'strikes the rear wall of the box with a force which produces an impulse in the (positive) direction of the recoil.

Figure 9 shows the multiple effect of the first invention 10 in a continuous line, as the slide assembly applies an approximately uniform push to the rear wall of the box. In contrast, a prior art gas-fired weapon develops a series of recoil peaks on the back wall of the box, and these are shown in Figure 10. In both cases, the area below the solid line of curve 15 (shaded) represents li per action, but not constant in Figure 10, leading to poorer weapon controllability. . A steady push into the wall of the box can also be termed a "standard recoil" because the recoil force is substantially constant.

Another embodiment of the invention is based on the notion that half an impulse is the exact measure required for the functions of the gas piston, the rearward movement of the slide assembly and the impact against its barrel extension. The equation is expressed in terms that are relevant to the design of the weapon and uses one known value, i. the impulse of the cartridge, and the three unknown values of the travel of the slide combination, the spring force accelerating and decelerating the slide combination, and the "elastic weight" of the slide combination.

30 The equation forms the basis of a "standard recoil" which can only be obtained if the slide combination does not strike the rear wall of the box, and in practice this can in turn only be achieved by causing excessive overshoot. As stated, extra energy is needed for a certain 35 spring force to cause the slide assembly to over-move, but if too much energy is used without extra travel, 26 7 7 3 2 3 with which the slide combination can consume energy, a shock occurs and the opportunity for greater controllability, reliability is lost. and firepower. Reliability and firepower are proportional to the energy (E) of the slide assembly and 5 controllability is proportional to both the energy and the impulse of the cartridge. The impulse (I) of the cartridge and the energy (E) of the slide combination can be combined into one equation, which gives a standard recoil basis, through the following steps: wv

Step 1: The kinematic equation of the impulse is I = -.

2 ^ 10 The energy equation is E = WV, where W is the elastic weight (defined

2G

described above), g is the acceleration due to gravity and V is the slip speed. The significance of E is that it is equal to the travel (D) x the spring force (F), both of which are defined hereinbefore. Therefore, the E-equation can be expressed as D x F = WV2.

2g

Step 2: By substituting V using the impulse equation, I and E can be combined as follows D x F = I x g.

20 W x 2

Step 3: Since only half I is needed, the equation D x F = (0.51) is 2 x g.

W x 2

Step 4: Finally, the equation is shortened to • 25 ka x spring force x elastic weight = (0.51) 2 x 0.5 g.

Step 5: Using a known cartridge pulse *: (in this example, for a standard cartridge of 5.56 x 45 mm, the size is 0.597 kp / sec) D x F x W = (0.5 x 0.597) 2 x 0.5 x 9.81

O

= 0,437 kp m (1), where distance is in meters, weight in kg 30 and force kg-force or kp.

Step 6: Since there are three unknowns, the combination D x F x W must be limited to those that fit a reasonable position shape. Applying the same equation to a known gas-fired weapon, it will be appreciated that the DFW of the values must be much higher in the second embodiment of the invention than in most known gas-fired weapons.

II

27 7 7 3 2 3 in all automatic weapons. In addition, it is obvious that an advantage can be obtained by exaggerating the value of the trip, as will be explained later. With respect to the invention, it was decided that the most preferred combination was travel = 0.17 m and skate weight = 0.499 5 kg. Thus, in Equation (1), spring force = 5.154 kg force = 5.154 x 9.81 Newton = 50.561 Newton. In one basic model of the weapon, such values were used and the weapon was test-fired and compared to a representative gas-powered weapon of a known model. The base model beat the tun-10 gun agent in a hit ratio of 2.3: 1.

Although the description of the invention has referred to a handgun, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to this, but that a weapon incorporating its features could be mounted on an aircraft and / or have a much larger caliber. And although the description of the invention refers to a hammerless weapon, it is applicable to a hammer-operated weapon that fires from the closed position of the lock in an automatic manner, so that when the first cartridge is fired, the sliding combination can be said to be in the open position.

Such a hammer-operated weapon can be designed to operate selectively semi-automatically, so that the invention is not limited to a fully automatic, gas-operated weapon, although the beneficial effects on controllability of the equation used in such weapons in another embodiment of the invention are best seen.

In the following, more information is provided about the background theory regarding the second embodiment of the invention.

The recoil-operated weapon in operation has the common weight of lock and barrel. The operating kick kick weapon 30 has a lock weight. The gas-operated weapon in operation has the weight of all the parts driven by the main spring.

Both recoil and kickback weapons use the same principle to achieve "standard recoil" (constant recoil force during automatic firing).

35 If a recoil or kickback weapon is fired with its operating mass at rest, the mass would be accelerated to load 28 77 32 3 until its impulse (mass x speed) is exactly equal to the impulse of the cartridge. This would result in a detrimental and uneven recoil force. Ideally, the mass acceleration backwards would only occur at half the pulse of the cartridge. To accomplish this, the cartridge is triggered while the mass is still moving forward. If the speed of the forward moving mass were equal to half the impulse of the cartridge, then the cartridge would consume half of its impulse to stop the mass and accelerate the mass of the sit-back to the other side with an impulse. The mass would not strike the rigid structure of the gun at all when moving forward, and if the gun has sufficient Motion and Spring Force, the mass can be stopped slowly as it moves backward so that it does not strike the rigid structure 15 at the rear. This principle of early release is called "recoil reversal," which is known to be a misnomer. The entire recoil pulse of the cartridge is still transferred to the rigid structure, but the transfer pulse stretches evenly over the entire operating time. As no impact occurs with the rigid structure 20, the dynamic ΐπιρμίββΐ (mass x velocity) of the moving mass is transferred to the weapon by spring force and is converted into a static impulse (force x time). If the mass moves backwards with half an impulse, the force x time of the spring to decelerate it to zero speed is the same force x 25 time that the spring must have to accelerate it forward to half an impulse. The spring force pushes the rigid structure backwards as it slows down the mass moving backwards and it also pushes the structure backwards as it accelerates the mass forward. Thus, the rigid structure of the weapon receives 30 half impulses during the mass of the mass moving backward and the other half of the impulse as the mass moves forward, which is one total impulse during the recoil force x.

If a gas-fired weapon had the same smooth impulse 35 displacement as recoil and kickback weapons, its operating mass would move backwards

II

, α 77323 29 pulse, the main spring would decelerate to zero speed and then accelerate forward to half a pulse before firing, giving one full recoil pulse during the reverse and forward motion of the mass. In this respect, it is similar to recoil and kickback guns, but as the operating mass approaches the barrel extension, it behaves quite differently than in a recoil or kickback gun. Since it has already satisfied the physics requirement that it must give one complete recoil impulse to the weapon 10, the mass moving forward by half the impulse must now perform a "recoil cancellation" with respect to the cartridge impulse at the moment of firing. Three things happen essentially at the same time: 1. the mass strikes the barrel (rigid structure) and 15 drives it forward with a half pulse, 2. at the same time a cartridge locked to the rigid barrel is triggered and driven backwards by a full pulse, and 3. when the ball has traveled part of the way down the barrel 20 and has become accelerated to only half an impulse, it bypasses the gas orifice, the gas enters the gas cylinder and drives the mass backwards and forwards the barrel, with an impulse on each side.

These three events effectively overlap by 25 (in time) and the two half pulses forward neutralize or "recoil" the trigger pulse, leaving the mass to fly back and complete the operating cycle and transfer the dynamic pulse (M x V) through the spring to the rigid structure statically. (F x T).

Although "recoil undo" results in the same static constant recoil force in all three weapon types, it is clear that a forward stroke with a rigid structure is important in a gas-fired weapon, but is not permitted in recoil or kickback weapons.

30 7732 3

In a gas-powered weapon, the mass is always dormant at the moment of firing. The gas system always dispenses the same number of pulses to the mass (half a pulse), so it always travels backwards at the same speed. If the first 5-shot of a firing shot is fired at a mass in front and at rest, i.e. in the closed position of the lock, the mass is accelerated backwards at the same speed during the first shot as in all subsequent shots of the firing. In this case, the first shot would have no "recoil flow" effect on the forward moving mass that strikes the barrel just before the shot, so it would have a more abrupt recoil effect on the rigid structure in the first shot, but would still be "synchronized" in terms of recoil undo and standard recoil. process.

If a recoil or kickback weapon were fired at its operating mass in front and at rest, it would not only give a sudden "first shot" recoil (same as a gas-powered weapon), but the mass would be driven backwards by 20 complete pulses because its reverse speed depends on the previous period's deceleration. from the pulse impulse onwards. The first shot is not "synchronized" with subsequent episodes, and during the next several shots, a phenomenon occurs that is referred to as a "shot" before the action is set. Due to the high speed of the first shot, the operating mass is in trouble with the normal handling functions of the cartridge (especially the feed and eject), which must now operate at both high speed and constant speed.

30 To solve all of these problems, any fully automatic weapon (either a gas, recoil, or kickback weapon) can be designed to fire from a "lock open" position. The operating mass will be kept behind at the end of the firing. This "saves" half the impulse from the last shot-35, so when the trigger is pressed for the next firing, the spring accelerates the mass forward and occurs first.

II

3i 77323 Undo the recoil of the first shot as well as all subsequent shots.

An open-lock solution in shooting is sufficient for a weapon that fires only fully automatically, 5 but it causes a problem with a dual-use weapon that also fires a single shot. One shot should be accurate, but if the weapon fires from the "lock open" position, the recoil effect will begin before the shot, the weapon will swing and the shot will be inaccurate. The dual-action, selective shooting-10 van weapon should therefore fire from the "lock closed" position when firing a single shot, and from the "lock open" position in fully automatic use.

The gas-fired weapon is the only one of three models capable of firing precise single shots, has a 15-recoil reversing function in fully automatic mode, and operates reliably in both modes of operation, with the same number of impulses driving the skate backwards, the skate with the same speed and energy from the open or closed position of the lock 20.

Although recoil repulsion has been known in recoil and kickback weapons for decades, it is only in the invention that due to fundamental differences in operation, this operation has been applied to gas-powered weapons.

Claims (11)

A gas-powered firearm comprising a drawer (1) with a rear wall (100) at one end and a barrel (10) at the other end, said drawer also having a cartridge feed space (103) and a movable inside the drawer. sliding system (3) which cooperates with a spring spring (307) which forces the sliding system (3) to move towards the barrel, characterized in that the sliding system (3) only moves inside the sheath (1), and the sheath ( 1) and the sliding system (3) is arranged so that as it moves rearwardly, it moves with its front end past the base of a cartridge located in the magazine with a movement equal to or greater than the total length of a loaded cartridge ( 499), and the sliding system (3) does not bump into the rear wall (100). Gas powered firearm according to claim 1, characterized in that the movement of the rear system movement of the slide system is 1.8 x the total length of a loaded cartridge. A gas-powered firearm comprising a drawer (1) with a rear wall (100) at one end and a barrel (10) at the other end, said drawer also having a cartridge feeding space (103) and a sliding system (3) movable within the drawer. ) cooperating with a spring return spring (307) which forces the sliding system to move towards the barrel, characterized in that the sliding system (3) only moves inside the leather (1) and the product of the sprung mass (the total weight of the feed back parts), the spring force and stroke, each previously defined, are equal to (0.51) x 0.5 g _ + 15% where I is the cartridge pulse and g is the acceleration due to gravity, so that when the product of the spring the mass and exit velocity of the rearward movement is equal to 0.51, the spring force gradually brings the sliding system (3) to a stop during the rearward movement without impinging on a stopper. 36 77323 Gas powered firearm according to claim 3, characterized in that the movement of the rear system movement of the slide system is equal to or greater than the total length of a charged cartridge (499). Gas-powered firearm according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the product of the resilient mass, spring force and stroke is equal to (0.5I) 2 x 0.5 g _ + 5%. Gas-powered firearm according to any of claims 10-5, characterized in that the weapon is arranged to be fired from the open position of the slide system, as described above. Gas powered firearm according to any of claims 1-6, characterized in that the sliding system (3) extends forwardly in the longitudinal direction of the barrel to the area normally provided with a gas port (900) for the barrel which is connected to a cylinder (901). ) comprising a piston (902) arranged to grip the sliding system and displace it rearward. Gas-powered firearm according to claim 7, characterized in that the return spring (307) is mounted on a control device (303) placed next to the cylinder (901) on the front and next to the rear wall (100) on the rear. Gas-powered firearm according to claim 8, characterized in that the position of the control device (303) on the rear is on the inside of the rear wall (100) of the leather and the outside of the rear wall of the leather abuts the piston (2). Gas powered firearm according to any of claims 1-9, characterized in that the return spring (307) is located on the inside of the sheath (1). A gas-fired automatic or semi-automatic firearm comprising a lid (1) at the front of which is attached a barrel (10) and a piston (2) to the rear wall of the lid II