FI72966B - GOEDSLINGSKOMPOSITION OCH ANVAENDNING DAERAV. - Google Patents

Description

1 72966

Fertilizer combination and method of application

The present invention relates to a granular fertilizer product which acts as a source of nitrogen fertilizer value in soil and which is suitable for mechanical application and application. These new fertilizer granules provide a new type of fine particle combination: a particulate nitrogen source such as melamine together with a binder such as urea suitable for binding the particulate nitrogen source to the granular form.

Ammonia, ammonium nitrate, and urea are the most commonly used sources of nitrogen, but all of these nitrogen detergents are readily soluble in water. They are therefore prone to fouling and their use results in rapid nitrogen release. Because this necessitates repeated fertilizations to maintain growth or higher fertilization losses from fertilization, many developments have been made for fertilizers that release nitrogen slowly. It is generally true that such substances sacrifice nitrogen content to achieve a certain degree of control at the expense of nitrogen availability.

Melamine and its hydrolysis products ammelin, ammelide and cyanuric acid have been considered as potential sources of nitrogen to be included in fertilizer combinations or to be used as such as a source of nitrogen. The nitrogen content of melamine is 66.6%. If it could be used as a raw material for fertilizer, it would provide a substantial proportion of nitrogen per unit weight of earth placed. Today, however, it is more expensive than urea. In addition, commercially produced melamine is available exclusively in the form of a fine, crystalline powder. It is produced as very fine crystals 2,72966 due to the fact that small particles are required in the current commercial market for melamine, such as for the production of melamine-formaldehyde resins and refractory paints.

A typical sieve assay for commercially available melamine performed on U.S. standard sieve series is as follows:

Sieve analysis% on the sieve 0.42 mm 0-0.1 0.42-0.297 mm 0-0.1 0.297-0.250 mm 0-0.3 0.250-0.177 mm 0.5-5.0 0.177- 0.149 mm 1.0-5.0 0.149-0.074 mm 13-30 0.074-0.044 mm through 13-30: 0.044 mm 40-60 These commercially prepared small melamine crystals are desirable for resin manufacturers because the small crystals dissolve more easily and because any larger particles, as far as they are present, would tend to make the process longer; therefore, larger particles are less desirable. In the market for refractory paints, melamine crystals are dispersed in paints, whereby the small particle sizes currently used give a smoother surface texture to the dried paint than larger particles would.

The small particle sizes of commercially available melamine products make melamine a product that is not particularly attractive for agricultural applications. Moreover, the small particle sizes of commercial melamine, as currently produced, make it impractical to use melamine as a fertilizer. If these small particles were placed on the ground, even weak winds would blow them away. If they were spread from the air, 72966 such as from an airplane or helicopter, displacement would be a serious problem and cause uneven distribution. If they were placed in the ground by mechanical devices, the fine particles would tend to form bridges and thus clog the transmission and supply lines. These difficulties in handling commercially available solid melamine products would make their maximum application to agriculture impractical.

In one aspect, the invention relates to a granular fertilizer product. The strength, size and weight of the fertilizer granules are such that they are suitable for mechanical application to the ground or for application. A suitable size range is from 1 mm to about 10 mm, and a most suitable size range is from 3 mm to 5 mm.

The invention is characterized in that the granules comprise: a) particles of melamine or melamine mineral acid salts or a mixture thereof, wherein the particles have a maximum particle size of at most 400 μm, and b) an effectively binding amount of binder based on the weight of the granules which binds the particles granular form which binder is urea, ammonium sulphate, potassium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, lignin sulphonate, synamine resin, urea-formaldehyde resin, solidified from the molten state so that the particles bind to it, and which binder is capable of disintegrating and releasing said particles after distribution of the granules, thus allowing water and microorganisms to act on particles having suitable strength and weight for mechanical application and incorporation, 3-4 The average crush strength of a sample of granules of mm is at least 0.45 kg per granule. The nitrogen source 4,72966 is selected from the group consisting of melamine, ammelin, ammelide, cyanuric acid, mixtures thereof, inorganic salts thereof, organic salts thereof, and mixtures thereof. The binder is present in an amount at least sufficient to bind together the fine crystals or powder particles of the nitrogen source to form granules of the desired strength. It is preferably an easily soluble substance which, after application of the granules to the ground, releases nitrogen source particles, allowing water and microorganisms to act on the particles. The binder is selected to be miscible or combinable with the soil, and any binder residues must be either inert, biodegradable or soil-improving, or have a phytosanitary value.

According to a preferred embodiment, the granules contain up to 80 parts by weight of a particulate nitrogen source and at least 20 parts by weight of a binder.

According to an even more preferred embodiment, the granules contain 60-80 parts by weight of melamine and 20-40 parts by weight of urea.

According to another preferred embodiment, the granules contain 67-80 parts by weight of melamine and 20-33 parts by weight of urea. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the granules contain 67 parts by weight of melamine and 33 parts by weight of urea.

In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a granule prepared by a process comprising a curing step of imparting improved strength to the granule and making it suitable for use as a nitrogen source in fertilizer applications. This method comprises mixing an effective amount of a binder suitable for binding the nitrogen source particles together into granules of suitable sizes and weights for mechanical incorporation into a particulate nitrogen source selected from the above group of substances. The mixture is then contacted with a spray of water or an aqueous solution of the binder. The moistened mixture is dipped in, dried and cured. In a preferred embodiment of the method, a drying temperature of less than 93 ° C and a curing or heating temperature of between 135-149 ° C are required. According to a particular embodiment, this granule is prepared from a mixture of 50 to 80 parts by weight of melamine and 50 to 20 parts by weight of urea.

5,72966

In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fertilizer in the form of a bead or tablet. A tablet is prepared by mixing an effective amount of a molten binder selected from the above group of binders into fine powder particles of a particulate nitrogen source selected from the above group. Drops of this mixture are then cooled to form beads or tablets. According to a preferred embodiment, this bead contains 40 to 65 parts by weight of melamine as a particulate nitrogen source, as well as 35 to 60 parts by weight of urea binder. According to another preferred embodiment, this bead contains 50 to 60 parts by weight of melamine and 40 to 50 parts by weight of urea.

In yet another embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for preparing a fertilizer product in granular form for use as a nitrogen source in fertilizer applications. This method comprises mixing a particulate nitrogen source selected from the above group and an effective amount of a binder selected from the above group. From the process, the mixture is contacted with a spray of water or an aqueous binder solution, the wetted mixture is collected into an agglomerate, and the agglomerate is dried. The agglomerate is screened to produce a product agglomerate, preferably between 1 mm and 10 mm in size. Excessively large particles can be crushed to the desired size, and fine particles can be recycled.

According to another preferred embodiment, the method requires that 50 to 80 parts by weight of melamine be mixed with 50 to 20 parts by weight of urea binder. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the method comprises mixing about 33 parts by weight of melamine with about 33 parts by weight of urea.

In yet another embodiment, the present invention 6,72966 relates to a process for preparing a granular agglomerate suitable for use as a nitrogen source for fertilizer applications, which process comprises a curing step after mixing and further, a contacting, aggregating and drying step according to the method described above. According to a preferred embodiment, the present invention comprises drying the agglomerate at a temperature below 93 ° C and annealing or heating the dried agglomerate at a temperature between 135 ° C and 149 ° C. According to another preferred embodiment, this method comprises mixing 50 to 80 parts by weight of melamine and 50 to 20 parts by weight of urea. As a rule, a crushing strength of 1000 g or more is achieved when a curing step in which heating takes place between 135 ° and 149 ° C is carried out on granules made of melamine and urea.

In another aspect, the invention relates to a method of fertilizing cereals comprising applying to the soil a granular product containing a particulate nitrogen source selected from the above group and an effective amount of a binder selected from the above group of binders. According to a preferred embodiment, this method comprises applying to the ground a granular product containing up to 80 parts by weight of said particulate nitrogen source and at least 20 parts by weight of binder. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, this method comprises feeding a granular product containing up to 80 parts by weight of melamine and at least 20 parts by weight of urea as fertilizer.

In another aspect, the invention relates to a method of fertilizing cereals comprising administering to the soil a granular product having a strength, size and weight suitable for mechanical feeding and application, formed by mixing an effective amount of binders selected from the above group of binders. a particulate nitrogen source selected from the group of nitrogen sources mentioned above with each other. After the mixing step, the method comprises contacting the mixture with a spray of water or binder solution, forming an agglomerate of the moistened mixture, drying the agglomerate, and curing the dried agglomerate. According to a preferred embodiment, this method comprises mixing a urea binder with the melamine, as a particulate nitrogen source. According to another preferred embodiment, this method comprises fertilizing a crop in the form of corn, potatoes or rice.

In these methods of fertilizing cereals, the total application rate is such that the total amount of long-term fertilized nitrogen will be sufficient for one complete growing season. One of the main advantages of using this method and the granular composite fertilizer prepared according to the invention is that the fertilizer application rate is generally less than half that required to obtain comparable results when ammonium sulphate is used as the sole nitrogen source and applied as a solution in a spray irrigation system.

In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a method of introducing a sustained release fertilizer nitrogen source into a soil as a nutrient source for a crop by introducing and distributing a particulate fertilizer nitrogen source with low solubility in water at pH 7 and 20 ° C. This slow-release nitrogen source may be melamine, ammelin, ammelide, cyanuric acid, organic or inorganic salts thereof, or mixtures thereof. After application of the solid nitrogen source to the ground, part of the soil is turned to bring the fertilizer and distribute it to the desired depth range in the ground.

In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a method of introducing a slow release nitrogen source as described above in the form of a slurry in which a solid is slurried in an effective amount of a nitrogen source liquid carrier, enabling slow release fertilizer particles to be introduced and dispensed.

The phrase "sparingly soluble in water" refers to a substance which is soluble in water at 20 ° C, pH 7, up to 5 g per 100 g, i.e. a substance which forms solutions with a concentration of 5% or less. The phrase "low solubility" in water with a pH of 7 and a temperature of 20 ° C means the same.

The phrase "readily soluble in water" refers to a substance which is soluble in water at 20 ° C, pH 7, at least 20 g per 100 g, i.e. a substance which forms solutions with a concentration of 20% or more.

Based on the available data, the solubility of some substances useful in the present invention in water at 20 ° C at pH 7 in grams per 100 g is as follows:

solubility

Substance g / 100 g melamine 0.50 ammelin 0.008 ammelide less than 0.008 cyanuric acid 0.27 melamine nitrate 0.85 ammonium nitrate 192 ammonium sulphate 75.4 diammonium phosphate 131 (at 15 ° C) potassium hydrogen sulphate 51.4 potassium sulphate 11.1 urea 119.3 ( At 25 ° C) 72966

The fertilizer products of the present invention exist in the form of granules having sizes throughout the range of about 1 mm to 10 mm, preferably 3 mm to 5 mm. They are formulated to have good spreadability, the desired apparent specific gravity, and to be substantially free of dust formation. The granules are also made to be suitable for mechanical feeding and export to and from the ground using modern equipment.

Granular fertilizer products prepared according to preferred embodiments of the invention may be in the form of agglomerates or beads. The agglomerates can be prepared by any conventional method of assembling fertilizer products, using the sparingly or somewhat soluble sources of fertilizer nitrogen of the present invention, followed by a curing or heating treatment to provide sufficient crushing strength. In this case, the sparingly or somewhat soluble nitrogen source contained in the agglomerate is selected from the group consisting of melamine, ammelin, ammelide, cyanuric acid, mixtures thereof, inorganic salts thereof, organic salts thereof, and mixtures thereof. These salts are preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrochloride, hydroiodide, metaphosphate, nitrate, ortho-phosphate, orthophosphate dihydrate, polyphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, bisulphate and sulphite, as well as acetate, cyanurate, formate, chloroacetate, chloroacetate, , maleate and phthalate and mixtures thereof. These substances are characterized by a low or some solubility in water at pH 7 and 20 ° C and a slow conversion in the soil to a form where nitrogen is available for the growth of plants in the soil.

These substances in the form of nitrogen sources, as they are usually commercially available or as manufactured, are in the form of very fine particles. For example, in the case of melamine, the commercially available product is in the form of crystalline particles having a size of less than 2.0 mm according to the U.S. Standard Screen κ> 72966 series and usually mostly less than 0.4 mm. These very fine, powdered, nitrogenous substances are agglomerated using a binder. Usually the binder is at least 1% by weight of the powder particles, preferably at least 2% by weight of the powder particles and even more preferably at least 5% by weight of the powder particles. The binder can be selected from a wide range of substances, but is preferably selected so that they can be combined with the soil, so that their possible residues are either inert, soil-improving, or have a certain plant nutritional value.

The binder used must be strong enough during curing to give the granular agglomerates a crushing strength of at least 454 g, as determined by testing ten approximately selected agglomerates with sizes ranging from 3 to 4 mm, the results being averages. Preferably, however, the crushing strength is at least 680 g and even more preferably 908 g or more. The crushing strength of about 454 g is comparable to the crushing strength of conventional commercial tableted urea and sufficient strength for use in most forms of commercial introduction, including hand-spreading equipment, spreaders, farm arm spreaders, and feeders and helicopters.

Preferred binders include those selected from the group consisting of lignosulfonate and its salts, starch, urea, urea-formaldehyde resins, melamine-formaldehyde resins, and latexes of synthetic polymeric materials. Particularly suitable are binders having phytosanitary value, such as urea, urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde resins.

According to a preferred agglomeration technique, 5-25% by weight of powdered urea is combined with the melamine powder as a mixture. This mixture is then sprayed with water or urea solution in an agglomerator 72966 such as a rotating plate or rotating drum. In the case of a binder solution, the particles become coated, in the case of a water jet, the urea either dissolves or becomes moist and sticky, and in both states it sufficiently coats the melamine powder particles to adhere to each other. The agglomerate is dried and ground to form hard composite bodies, preferably ranging in size from about 1 mm to about 10 mm, preferably 3 mm to 5 mm. These composite products have good crushing strength and mainly do not undergo dust formation.

Any conventional agglomeration technique can be used. Thus, any binder can be added as a solution.

When the binder is a substance such as lignin sulfonate, urea-formaldehyde resin or melamine-formaldehyde resin, its addition as a solution is usually most suitable. The binder may also be a substance such as phenolic resin added from solution, but such a substance, although having good binder properties, has no nutrient value at all and is therefore less desirable. The same applies to synthetic polymer latices.

The fertilizer particles according to the invention can also be prepared in the form of beads or tablets. In the tableting step, the melamine powder is added to a molten binder, preferably a urea, so that a slurry of melamine powder particles is formed in the molten urea. Small droplets of this molten slurry are made to solidify by dripping it through a beading tower in a conventional manner. Although urea is the primary substance for use in the manufacture of beads, due to its nitrogen content and easy solubility in water, and also because melamine is somewhat soluble in molten urea, other substances such as sulfur can also be used, as well as mixtures of substances. When forming urea-bound beads, it is suitable that the bead product contains at least 33% by weight of 12,72966 urea. When the amount of urea is less than this, it is difficult to prepare a flowable slurry. The urea content of the beads can be as high as 90%, so the melamine content can be between 10 and 67% by weight of the beads. Preferably the urea content is between 35-60% by weight of the beads, and preferably between 40-50% by weight.

While primary granular products are made by agglomeration and tableting, satisfactory products can be made by other methods, such as bar pressing, compression and granulation, and briquetting. For example, a urea-formaldehyde resin in the form of a powder can be combined with a melamine powder or a ground melanin salt or the like to form a mixture. The mixture can be compressed at an elevated temperature to cure the resin, and the resulting product can be granulated to form particles of the desired size, or the compressed, cured mass can also be converted to a flake form. Screening and recycling can be used, if necessary, to obtain grains of the desired size.

Easily soluble binders such as urea and salts such as ammonium nitrate allow the binder of the lignite granules in the soil to decompose rapidly, releasing fine melamine or other fine particles. This may be desirable when the combination product contains, in addition to melamine, also an easily soluble, rapidly releasing nitrogen fertilizer. When slow release is desired, one of those binders which loses its binding capacity more slowly within the earth is usually used, such as, for example, a urea-formaldehyde resin or a melamine-formaldehyde resin.

Urea is the primary binder for the production of agglomerates or beads because it not only allows the production of fertilizer granules of sufficient size, strength and weight for application, 13 72966 also because urea is readily soluble and provides a valuable, rapidly releasing nutrient to the soil. When urea is used in combination with a powdered nitrogen source, which is characterized by negligible or low solubility and a slow conversion to an internally usable form, it dissolves rapidly and releases small, poorly soluble nitrogen source particles into the soil, slowly dissolving there, or biodegrading.

When the agglomerate is made of powdered melamine and a readily water-soluble binder such as urea, the preferred ratios of the dried granular product obtained are 60-85% by weight of melamine and 40-15% by weight of urea or preferably 67-80% by weight of melamine and 33-20% by weight -% urea. The most suitable granulate contains about 67% by weight and about 33% by weight of urea.

When the agglomerate is prepared using an insoluble or sparingly soluble binder such as starch, a starch derivative or a modified starch, lignin sulfonate, urea-formaldehyde or melamine-formaldehyde, slow release of nitrogen from melamine particles (or particles from some other sparingly soluble nitrogen source).

In a preferred embodiment, 85-15 parts by weight of a particulate nitrogen source is combined with 1-15 parts by weight of a resin binder selected from the group consisting of lignin sulfonate, urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, latex, and mixtures thereof. According to an even more suitable embodiment, 5 parts by weight of the resin binders listed above are combined with 95 parts by weight of melamine.

To prepare an agglomerate which allows a single fertilization per growing season, 14,72966 fertilizers are preferably used, from which nitrogen is rapidly released, usually an ammonium salt or urea, as a binder in the agglomerate. Examples of such salt-type binders are ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium phosphates, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride and ammonium chloride. When used as a binder in the formation of an agglomerated composite product, such a salt-type binder may comprise from 15 to 40% by weight of the agglomerate, preferably from 20 to 33% by weight of the agglomerate.

In addition, other substances may be included in the granular fertilizer product according to the invention.

These substances can be micronutrients such as zinc, magnesium, iron and boron.

One advantage of using the granular fertilizer compounds of the present invention is that the dosage amount can be much lower, expressed as dosed nitrogen per unit area, than with standard fertilizers. As a smaller amount of active substance is actually required, it may be desirable, in certain cases, to include an inert excipient in the fertilizer in order to simplify fertilization. Any of the conventional fillers can be used, such as gypsum, clay, sand, ground conch shells, ground dolomite, and ground limestone.

Another essential advantage of using the granular fertilizer products of the present invention is that due to the slow release of nitrogen, it is possible to use a single dosage per growing season. Moreover, after the initial application, especially in the case of melamine-based fertilizer products, the release of nitrogen into the soil appears to continue for two growing seasons. As a result, in the second and subsequent growing seasons, even lower dosage amounts can be used to achieve certain results than those used in the initial dosage.

Another aspect of the invention is the surprising and unexpected result that importing most or all of the nitrogen fertilizer requirement with the nitrogen fertilizer source of the present invention results in more efficient production of agricultural products per unit weight of nitrogen applied and per unit area grown. The agricultural product is cereals, fruits, flowers, vegetables, vegetable fibers, potatoes, etc. In addition, the use of the invention results in total crop yields comparable to those obtained by conventional fertilizer practice, which requires the use of much higher amounts of nitrogen fertilizers.

In general, the invention can be considered, for example, as a way to increase the potency of readily soluble, fast nitrogen-releasing, standard nitrogen fertilizers in the production of productive crops by supplementing their potency with a sparingly or sparingly soluble nitrogen fertilizer source. Thus, a combination of about 10-50% nitrogen as a readily water-soluble standard nitrogen fertilizer from which nitrogen is rapidly released can advantageously be combined with about 50-90% of the poorly soluble substances listed above.

The crops which can be expected to be affected by the treatment according to the invention include essentially all crops, but in particular those in which the fruit is the part to be harvested, rather than the whole plant. Such crops include food grains, feed grains, vegetables, fiber, roots, citrus fruits, tubers, oilseeds including nuts, fruits and seeds, commercial vegetables, commercial melons, tree fruits, vines, shrubs, and flowers. Examples of food grains are wheat, rye and rice. Among the feed grains, corn, oats, barley and millet can be mentioned. Vegetables include soybeans, peanuts, beans and peas. Fiber crops include cotton, hemp and jute. Root crops include 16,729,600 sweet potatoes and sugar beets, citrus fruits include oranges, tangerines, grapefruits, lime fruits. Potatoes included in tubers. Commercial vegetables include mucus beans, green beans, beets, carrots, sweet corn, cucumber, onion, green peas and tomatoes. Commercial melon harvests include purple melons, honeydew melons and watermelons. Among the fruit fruits are apples, peaches, pears, cherries and plums. Vines include grapes. Of the shrub fruits, many different berries can be mentioned, especially raspberries and blueberries. Among the tree nuts, almonds, walnuts, pecans and walnuts can be mentioned. However, the above are intended as examples only.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples. In the present text and in these examples, all parts and percentages, respectively, refer to parts by weight and percentages by weight, respectively, and all references to temperatures refer to degrees Celsius, unless expressly stated otherwise.

Examples of the preparation of granules useful according to the process of the invention

As used in all examples, melamine was a commercially available product from Melamine Chemicals, Inc., Donaldsonville, Louisiana. It was a fine, white crystalline powder with a sieve analysis essentially as reported above for commercially available melamine. It was about 99.9% pure and had a maximum moisture content of 0.1%, a maximum ash content of 0.01% and a density of about 1.57 g / ml.

As indicated in some of the following examples, the crush strength should preferably be 454 g or more. Even more preferably, a crushing strength of 1362 g or more is provided to facilitate ground spreading. In addition, the bulk density of the granules must be 640 kg / m 2 or more. This desired combination of bulk, crush strength and grain size allows for flexibility and simplicity in application. Crushing strength of 1000 g or more is usually obtained when the melamine-urea granules are subjected to a tempering step by heating to 135 ° C to 149 ° C.

Example I

Melamine Agglomerate Using Urea Binder Three batches of composite granules were prepared, each containing different amounts of urea and melamine, with urea acting as a binder. These batches of agglomerated granules were prepared in a gutter agglomerator with a diameter of 23 cm. The urea was first ground, followed by mixing the melamine powder into a homogeneous mixture. The powder mixture was fed to a gutter agglomerator and sprayed with a nearly saturated aqueous urea solution. The solution added about 7% urea to the dried agglomerate. The remainder of the urea content was obtained from the urea powder in the urea-melamine powder mixture.

Example II

Hardened melamine granules

A batch of granules was prepared using 67 parts of melamine crystals and 33 parts of urea. The granules were prepared with a 46 cm plate pelletizer. The urea was first ground and then mixed with melamine to form a homogeneous mixture. This mixture was fed to a pelletizer and sprayed with water. The granules were dried at 94 ° C for about 20 minutes, after which they were subjected to an additional heating step in a laboratory oven at 149 ° C for 3 minutes. After cooling, the crushing strength and the water-disintegration rate were measured. These values are shown in Table I below.

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Table I

Crushing- Time to dispersion strength (g) in water_

Example I 600 immediately

Dried granules

Example II 2400 20-30 seconds

Cured Granules This example illustrates the relationship between time and temperature during the curing step.

Example III Cured melamine granules

The melamine granules prepared according to Example II were heated in separate portions at 104 ° C, 149 ° C and 172 ° C for varying times. A standard laboratory oven was used. After cooling, the crushing strength was measured. The results are shown in Table II. The maximum crushing strength at 172 ° C occurs at a heating time of 6 minutes. Maximum crushing strength occurs at 149 ° C after heating for 11 minutes. Subsequent drying and curing times are also possible in production when forced draft dryers or ovens are used instead of the laboratory oven used in these examples.

Table II

Oven temperature Heating time Crushing strength __ minutes (grams) 104 ° C 20 560 14 g ° C 4 350 5 881 6 978 7 1333 8 1290 9 1530 10 1480 11 1780 12 1300 19 72966

Table II (continued)

Oven temperature Heating time Crushing strength __ minutes_ (grams) 149 ° C 13 1640 14 1445 15 1530 20 1454 172 ° C 4 763 5 1125 6 1340 7 1200 8 825

Example IV

Melamine agglomerated with urea powder; water jet A batch of agglomerated granules was prepared in a trough agglomerator as in Example I, except that all the urea was added as a powder and that the jet used in the trough consisted of water alone. The composite products thus obtained contained 80% melamine and 20% urea, and after being screened to 3-4 mm, their crushing strength was found to be 953 g using the same test technique as in Example I.

Example V

Use of other binders for agglomeration of melamine Granular agglomerates were prepared on a 40 cm gutter agglomerator using melamine in combination with several different binders. In each case, the binder was sprayed as a liquid on the melamine. After drying, the crushing strength was determined as in Example I. The results are shown in Table III below.

20 7 2 9 6 6

Table III

Observed crushing strengths Melamine agglomerated with different binders

Crushing strength in grams

Binder with 3-4 mm agglomerates

Calcium lignin sulfonate1 908 UCAR 368 latex ^ 681

Melamine-formaldehyde resin ^ 1544

Urea-formaldehyde resin 454 2

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 91

Ammonium nitrate ^ 150 ^ "Added at a dry content of 30-50%. The dried agglomerates consisted of about 5% binder.

2 Mainly saturated solutions were used. The dried agglomerates consisted of approximately 93% melamine and 7% salt.

Example VI

Melamine agglomerated with other fertilizers Melamine, ammonium phosphate and potassium chloride were mixed together in a weight ratio of 70:15:15. The mixture was fed into a 40 cm gutter agglomerator and sprayed with a lignin sulfonate solution with a dry matter content of 30%. The dried, screened granules had a crushing strength of 1000 g over a total area of 3-4 mm and a binder content of 3%.

Example VII

Melamine in a matrix of solidified urea binder_

Melamine and urea powder were mixed in a ratio of 63:37. The mixture was heated until a molten slurry was obtained.

The slurry was then poured onto a heat sink to form both a thin film and a thick film. After cooling, the thin film was broken into flakes.

A thick film about 4 mm thick. crushed into granules, the crushing strength of 3-4 mm granules was exceptionally high, namely 2500 g.

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Example VIII

Extruded melamine-urea combination product A melamine-urea mixture was prepared as in Example VII. This mixture was then placed in a heated plate press at a pressure of 3.4 MPa for 5 minutes at 138 ° C.

The warm composite product thus obtained, in the form of a plate about 4 mm thick, was then removed from the press and allowed to cool. The cooled plate was then granulated and the crushing strength of 3-4 mm composite product granules was obtained at 2500 g.

Example IX

Beads from melamine-urea · with weight ratios of 60/40 Melamine composite beads were prepared by heating 40 parts by weight of urea with 60 parts by weight of melamine. Heating was performed in an aluminum jar using an electric heating tape. A slurry formed at 135 ° C. Holes were then punched in the bottom of the jar so that the slurry could drip through the bottom. Falling beads were collected on a plastic sheet applied to the ground as they fell from the fourth layer.

The biggest pearls didn’t have time to cool until they came to earth and were crushed. However, the smaller beads cooled and solidified and were collected to test their strength. Relatively good strength results were obtained, although they were not measured. The crushing strength could be expected to be the same as that of the granules of Example VII.

Example X

Melamine Agglomerated with Latex Binder 5% Union Carbide UCAR 368 latex, 15% water and 80% melamine were combined into a flowable slurry. The slurry was formed into a sheet, which was then dried. An extremely strong composite product was obtained which could be granulated. The dried material contained 3% latex binder and 97% melamine. The crushing strength of the 3-4 mm granules was 2180 g.

22 7 2 9 6 6

Example XI

Compressed product of melamine and urea-formaldehyde 25 g of urea, 70 g of melamine and 15 ml of a 27% formaldehyde solution were mixed together and compressed at 149 ° C and 3.4 MPa to form a thick sheet. The crushing strength of the 3-4 mm granules was 680 g.

Example XII

Melamine-urea agglomerate for field experiments For field experiments, 7258 g of melamine / urea di combination products were prepared using gutter agglomerators with a diameter of 1.2 m. Various combinations were prepared with melamine / urea ratios of 80/20, 75/25 and 67/33. Approximately 7% of the composite was obtained by adding urea in the form of a solution of a water-based binder, and the rest of the urea was obtained from powdered urea, which was mixed with melamine powder before agglomeration.

In the above examples, granular fertilizer products were prepared from commercially available small melamine crystals. Similar granular fertilizer products can be prepared in essentially the same way from melamine hyolysis products, i. ammelin, ammelide, sya-nuuric acid, and salts thereof and melamine. Of the salts, the reaction product of nitric acid and melamine is the primary substance.

Example XIII

Tests on maize carried out using melamine urea agglomerate ________

Review of various immigration procedures

The experimental areas, which comprised a total of 16 ha of sandy light clay soil and sludge, were treated with various large amounts of melamine agglomerate to provide several different levels of soiled nitrogen per hectare. Melamine-urea agglomerated combinations, 23,72966 prepared according to Example I, were used using a binder with 67 parts melamine and 33 parts urea; a binder having 75 parts melamine and 25 parts urea; and a binder having 80 parts melamine and 20 parts Urea. The combinations were successfully applied to the ground using various methods: 1) application with a Barber applicator; 2) application with a Barber spreader and plowing into the ground; 3) aerial application by air; 4) digging into the ground during planting.

The results obtained are presented in combination in Table IV below.

Table IV

Maize test - Effect of the method of introduction

Nitrogen- Melami- Soil- Cob number Average so (kg / ha) ni / carb- pecan- 100 tain cob number tain- _ amide per nick_ per t_ 159-170 75/25 (1) 155 1.55 159-170 75/25 (2) 147 1.47 159-170 75/25 (3) 155 1.55 170 80/20 (4) 153 1.53 0 (control) - 132 1.32 454 UN-32 ** 129 1.29 454 * * 145 1.45 * Standard practice for fertilizers, multiple insertions during the growing season ** A total of 181 kg N in the form of UN-32, which was applied several times during the growing season to mimic normal fertilizer practice.

When making comparisons, it should be noted that all experimental corn plantings reported in these examples were made within a week of each other, unless they were performed primarily simultaneously.

Maize grown on land fertilized by the method (2), i.e. by hand application and then plowing, appeared green and strongly healthy. Maize, 24 72966 which had been allowed to grow on land / fertilized exclusively by manual application, methods (1) and (3), had both yellow and green leaves, but was greener than maize fertilized by method (4), thus penetrating the ground during post-planting, which corn looked yellow.

In an attempt to approximate yield results that could not be made available until later in the year, the number of cobs in the same samples was calculated with the following layouts: full cobs were counted as 1, small cobs as 1/2 and immature cobs as 0. The calculation result is recorded in Table IV as the effective cob number.

25 72966

0) -H

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As a further evaluation, maize plants were harvested and weighed, and the cones were counted and the cone weights were recorded, and this was done from two experimental areas. The first area was fertilized with a melamine / urea agglomerate with a material ratio of 75/25 by applying the agglomerate by hand and then raking it into the ground. The second area was fertilized according to local fertilizer practice using 454 kg N / ha. According to standard fertilization practice, a total of 397 kg - 454 kg N per year and per hectare is required. This is accomplished in three distinct steps. First, 227 kg N / ha of anhydrous ammonia are applied early to the ground. Second, 454 kg / ha 16-20-0 (based on monoammonium phosphate) is applied to the soil. Third, UN-32, which contains urea and ammonium nitrate, is grounded through a spray water system. The results are summarized in Table V below. All samples taken were pre-dent.

27 72966

-M

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S μ en C

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XI (3 λ; μ μ cn-m μ en -χ: tn μ £ μ -Η (3 a> .y O Ai en: 0 \ (3 μ · * Λ £ tn £ 3 μ Ζ: ι3- (3 Αί μ (3 Ο νο> ι ο Ο μ C μ Λ 3 \ (3X3 (3 μνομμΓ ~ ΰ: <3σ 'μ: nJ μ tn-c (3 "^ - (- i οινή βΐμ ιη μ ^ <υ ac μ 3 CC Ζ Cn> CP - *> ι μχ3 (3

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Claims (18)

28 72966 A fertilizer product in the form of a soil which serves as a source of nitrogen fertilizer value in soil and which is suitable for mechanical application and application, characterized in that the granules contain: (a) particles of melamine or melamine mineral acid salts or a mixture thereof, and b) an amount of binder based on the weight of the granules which binds the particles to a granular form, which binder is urea, ammonium sulphate, potassium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, potassium chloride, -nin sulfonate, urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, starch, synthetic latex or a mixture thereof, which binder is solidified from the molten state so that the particles bind to it, and which binder is capable of disintegrating o organisms affect particles with granules of suitable strength and weight for mechanical application and application, with an average crush strength of a sample of 3-4 mm granules of at least 0.45 kg per granule. A granular fertilizer product according to claim 1, characterized in that the binder is urea and that the granules are formed by heating said mixture above the melting point of urea and then cooling to solidify the urea and bind the particles to the urea. Granular fertilizer product according to Claim 2, characterized in that the particulate material constitutes 40 to 65% by weight of the product and the binder constitutes 35 to 60% by weight of the granules. 29 7 2 9 6 6 A granular fertilizer product according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the particulate material to the binder is 10 to 67 parts by weight of the particulate material and 33 to 90 parts by weight of the binder. Granular fertilizer product according to Claim 1, characterized in that the particles are melamine particles and the melamine constitutes 40 to 65% by weight of the granules, and the binder is urea and constitutes 35 to 60% by weight of the granules. Granular fertilizer product according to claim 1, characterized in that the binder is a readily water-soluble binder which binds the particles to a granular form, which binder is ammonium sulphate, potassium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium chloride a mixture or urea, wherein the granules are formed by agglomerating the mixture so that the binder binds the particles to the granular form. Granular fertilizer product according to Claim 6, characterized in that the mixture consists of an amount of melamine particles which is 60 to 85% by weight of the granules and in which the binder is present in an amount of 15 to 40% by weight of the granules. Granular fertilizer product according to Claim 7, characterized in that the mixture consists of an amount of melamine particles which is 67 to 80% by weight of the granules and in that the binder is present in 20 to 33% by weight of the granules. Granular fertilizer product according to Claim 6, characterized in that the binder is ammonium nitrate and that the binder is present in an amount of 15 to 40% by weight of the granules. 72966 30 Granular fertilizer product according to Claim 6, characterized in that the binder is a mixture of ammonium phosphate and potassium chloride and in that the binder is present in an amount of 15 to 40% by weight of the granules. Granular fertilizer product according to Claim 1, characterized in that the binder is a resin binder which binds the particles to granular form, the amount of binder being at least 1% by weight of the granules. Granular fertilizer product according to Claim 11, characterized in that the amount of binder is at least 2% by weight of the granules, and in that the granules are formed by agglomerating the mixture and binding the particles to the granular form with a binder. Granular fertilizer product according to Claim 12, characterized in that at least part of the resin binder is applied as an aqueous spray to the particles, which spray consists of a solution of the lignin sulphonate salt. Granular fertilizer product according to Claim 12, characterized in that the amount of binder is at least 5% by weight of the granules and in that the binder is urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine-formadehyde resin or lignin sulphonate salt. Granular fertilizer product according to Claim 12, characterized in that the binder comprises at least 5% by weight of the granules and in that the binder is applied in the form of a synthetic latex. A method of supplying a source of fertilizer nitrogen to arable land as a food source for crops by placing a granular fertilizer product in the soil as a source of nitrogen fertilizer value on or in the ground, characterized in that 1-10 mm of granular fertilizer according to any preceding claim is added to the arable land. . A method according to claim 16, characterized in that the granules are applied to the soil surface in the same way as with an irrigation system and then the soil is cultivated, for example by hoeing or plowing with a wheeled plow or conventional plow, to apply the added material to the required depth. A method according to claim 16, characterized in that the granules are added to the ground by placing and spreading them in the ground. 72966 32