FI71207B - REFERENCE TO A TREATMENT OF OIL ORIGIN - Google Patents

Description

ADVERTISEMENT n10n7 «tSTl? ™ (11) UTLÄGGNINGSSKRIFT f I ZU / ° (45) £ a ~ 01: - ^ 1 ~ y 0nl-c tty (51) Kv.lk.7int.ci. * G 08 B 13/18 // G 01 S 17/06 FINLAND —FINLAND (21) Patent application - Patentansökning 79 ^ + 009 (22) Application date - Ansökningsdag 20.1 2.79 (FI) * * (23) Starting date - Giltighetsdag 20.12.79 (41) Published public - Blivit offentlig 07.12.80

National Board of Patents and Registration ^ Date of publication and publication - 1 month 08.86

Patent and registration authorities '' Ansökan utlagd och utl.skriften publicerad (86) Kv. application - Int. ansökan (32) (33) (31) Privilege claimed - Begärd priority 06.06.79

Switzerland-Schweiz (CH) 5257 / 79-7 Proven-Styrkt (71) Zellweger Uster AG, 8610 Uster, Switzerland-Schweiz (CH) (72) Walter Mehnert, Ottobrunn, Federal Republic of Germany-Förbundsrepub1iken Tyskland (DE) (74) Leltzinger Oy (54) Method and apparatus for monitoring the area with continuously directed radiation - Förfarande och anordning för övervakning av ett omräde medelst riktad straining

The present invention relates to a method for monitoring an area with impulse directional radiation and to an apparatus for carrying out the method. Various light cabinets are known from the prior art, as described, for example, in DE publications 21 57 815 and 21 19 666 and 23 53 702, which are used to monitor certain surfaces, terrain or spaces from unwanted intruders. Such facilities allow surveillance along the area, but only on straight journeys. They also have the disadvantage that the necessary equipment must be provided in the area itself, so that their operation can be affected by malicious measures or even nullified. State monitoring systems have also been presented in which a radiation field is provided in the monitored space, in which case the sensors detect changes in the field caused by the object penetrating there and then make an alarm. See DOS 23 46 764, 25 08 796, 36 00 362, DAS 26 13 375, DOS 26 17 467, DAS 26 38 337, 26 56 256, DOS 27 02 499, 27 22 982.

Although the known methods and devices perform certain tasks satisfactorily, the rule has the disadvantage that, if set sufficiently sensitive, they will give rise to false alarms due to a variety of other effects in addition to the desired disturbances. Such a situation is unfortunate over time, as the occurrence of multiple false alarms undermines confidence in such a method and device so that soon the alarms are not taken seriously in the first place.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method which ensures reliable control of prices, terrain or premises, which is largely immune to malignant measures and which, despite its very high sensitivity, is extremely insensitive to false alarms and is also prone to relatively complex surfaces or terrains. control of holdings. It is a further object of the invention to provide an apparatus for carrying out the method.

The invention is characterized below in the following claims.

The invention is based on a general solution model for continuously measuring the state of the monitored Price, terrain or space, as well as all changes occurring in it, and comparing the measurement results with, for example, stored values. The measurement results can be further processed to obtain additional information and to do so. additional information is compared with stored values, so that not only can changes be reliably detected, but also their status, type and significance can be assessed, for example to issue a general alert only when the detected change meets certain conditions.

In this way, not only is the reliable and accurate detection of the state of being and its changes ensured, but it is also possible to limit oneself to the detection of specific objects and events. Thus, False alarms that often occur on other devices can be largely avoided.

The method and apparatus for carrying it out prove to be very immune to the undesirable effects, while the system parameters are practically impossible to identify from the outside and are not affected or invalidated by external measures. Moreover, in contrast to those mentioned above, the device itself is not located on the perimeter of the surface, terrain or space to be monitored, but in practice in the middle of the 3 71207 monitored area. Due to the small size and relatively large distance of said device, the device can be easily disguised and protected against malignant remote effects.

The method and device are suitable not only for monitoring surfaces, terrain and spaces against disturbing and especially malignant effects, but also, for example, for continuous monitoring, for example, of sliding surfaces and important buildings such as dams. It also acts as a burglar alarm for farms and, due to its relatively low consumption and extensive flexibility, visits different places. Due to its high triggering ability and fast mode of operation, the detection of moving objects and their behavior is reliable and very accurate.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 shows a floor or terrain of a surface or terrain to be protected, in which warning areas, possibly shown in pseudo-lines, may be arranged outside the protection area.

Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the situation when monitoring the space with apparent surfaces to form warning states and a protective state.

Figure 3 shows an example for measuring an object moving in the terrain.

Figure 4 shows a vertical projection of the directed radiant and apparent surfaces.

Figure 5 shows a cross section of a directional radiator.

Figure 6 shows an operating diagram of the device used to perform the method.

Figure 7 shows a schematic elevational view of a measuring beam method for detecting certain apparent surfaces.

Figure 8 shows a schematic plan view of the course of the measuring rays when certain apparent surfaces are observed.

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In Fig. 1, the terrain or surface 1 is bounded by a line 3 starting from point 2, a line 4 and a line 5 leading back to point 2. Fig. 1 shows the terrain 1 as a plan view. The line 4 between lines 3 and 5 is thus to be understood as an imaginary line, which thus does not physically appear in the area itself, but whose course is determined by data stored in memory, e.g., polar coordinates drawn at point 2 from selected points, e.g. Between these selected points, the path of the assumed line 4 can be determined, for example, by a calculator interleaving linearly or according to a predetermined function.

The second assumed line 17 can be chosen freely, for example for a freely silent, preferably constant distance from the first assumed line 4 in the direction of point 2.

The third assumed line 18 can also be freely selected, for example further away from a freely selectable, preferably constant distance from the second assumed line 17 in the direction of point 2. These assumed lines 4, 17 and 18 divide the surface of the area 1 into sub-areas 19, 20 and 21, each of which can be provided with a specific purpose.

Thus, for example, 19 denotes a first warning zone, a sub-surface 20 a second warning zone and a sub-surface 21 a protection zone. Each of said sub-surfaces thus acquires a certain meaning.

Point 2 shows the location of a directional radiation device which emits electromagnetic radiation narrowly bound to the region 1 in different directions, for example an invisible light pulse of a laser light source in chronological order. Each of these pulses is radiated to region 1 at a given time and at a defined azimuth angle ψ and pitch angle ψ.

Point 2 is also the location of the directional radiation device, which corresponds to and compares the respective direction of the radiation pulse, preferably spatially and frequency-selectively incoming, i.e. reflected, beams. Each such radiation pulse 11a in each case generates a certain measuring radius, which is further reflected from 5 71 207 objects or the background terrain. Such a reflection The combined measuring beam is hereinafter referred to as a direct measuring beam. Conversely, if no reflection occurs, for example due to complete or virtually almost complete absorption or reflection of the transmitted beam in the other direction, such a measuring beam is hereinafter referred to as an indirect measuring beam. Indeed, as will be shown below, in the presence of indirect measuring radii, i.e. in the absence of reflection, significant information can be obtained about the state of the monitored area.

Figure 2 now explains the situation when certain points are determined in a state to determine the assumed surfaces therein. Point 2 is selected in the space as the location of the directional radiator. The state sector 22 originates from point 2. Its angular constraint results from the definition of certain points in the state, for example points 23, 24, 25 and 26. These points 23 to 26 and other points, for example 27, 28, etc. can be used to define an arbitrarily passing surface as the assumed surface 29. in state 22. The spatial path of the assumed surface 29 can be determined between said determined points by interpolation according to a predetermined functional connection. Similarly, other assumed surfaces can be determined, for example, by defining other points 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, and 35 and other additional points by another assumed surface 36.

The apparent surfaces 29 and 36 are shown in Figure 2 by a line network.

The determination of said points can take place, for example, for the coordinates drawn for the x, y, z coordinate system in each such point tracking or with polar coordinates, in which case these coordinates are stored in the memory. Said apparent surfaces 29 and 36 are not physically visible in the space, but rather are "thought" surfaces on which the space sector 2 is divided into sub-spaces.

Each of these sub-states is defined as having a certain meaning, for example, the outer sub-state 37 as a pre-warning state, the middle sub-state 38 as a warning state and the inner sub-state 39 as a protection state. Due to the intermittent and azimuth and ascent result of the measuring beams 6 71 207 emitted from the directional radiator at point 2, the state sector 22 is now measured, whereby a part of the object 40 or larger in the state sector is once or repeatedly subjected to certain directional measuring beams. Such a measuring radius is a narrow beam, the diameter of which is described as point-directed on an object or on imaginary surfaces. Dotted means that the cross section is small in relation to the dimensioning of the object. At the same time, it means that the smallest possible diameter must also be understood as a point, that the object to be observed is even smaller. In this case, however, it is no longer possible to measure the actual size of the object, even if the object can be detected.

On the receiving side, by measuring the travel time of the beam between the radiator and the target 40 and back to the receiver, at least one parameter is transmitted, e.g. the distance from the radiator. Based on the time course of the measuring beams and their azimuth and pitch angle, and thus according to different measured values, the object 40 (Fig. 2) and / or its shape can be directly identified. If the object is provided with a virtually completely radiation-absorbing surface in a guarded state, the presence, angular position, shape and other information of such an object can be indirectly inferred from the sudden exit of the reflection by processing direct measuring beams in the immediate vicinity of the object.

The same is true when monitoring the area according to Figure 1.

Since said assumed lines 4, 17 and 18 (Fig. 1) or said assumed surfaces 29 and 36 (Fig. 2) are defined by coordinate storage, they can be fixed in the terrain or in space - the coordinates are thus constant, the values placed at radiator position 2, or may also vary over time as corresponding periodically varying values are entered into memory.

The location 2 of the radiator can be varied from time to time, i.e. the radiator can be moved depending on its coordinates, in which case also the coordinates of the assumed lines or surfaces transferred to the now moving point 2 can vary constantly or temporally.

Such temporal changes of the assumed lines and surfaces provide an excellent reduction of any intentional interference with the security system 7 71207, since the position and changes of the assumed surfaces or lines cannot be identified or predicted from the outside. The prior knowledge of the position of the assumed lines or surfaces at that time is of no value in planning the interference if, as mentioned above, the location parameters of the assumed lines and / or surfaces are changed from time to time.

If the object detected by the measuring radius moves, not only the size and shape, nature and location, but also the movement of the object can be obtained by computational processing of the measured values, i.e. by processing the travel time when presented as a distance vector of the measuring radii. Movement criteria refer to the trajectory, speed, and acceleration of an object.

Fig. 3 shows an embodiment for measuring a moving object 40 with successive measuring radii 41. At time t = t, the measuring radius 41-0 hits the object in its position 40-0 for the first time. Based on the radiant energy travel time from the radiator 100 to the target 40 and back to the receiver, the distance of the target 40 from the radiator 100 position 2 on the one hand and the current time structure and operation of the radiator can be calculated from the azimuth angle

The vector EQ thus gives the position 40-0, where the object 40 is at time t o *

Similarly, the vector E ^ with its length and azimuth and pitch angle gives the position 40-1 of the target 40 at time t ^.

Furthermore, the vector E2 gives the position 40-2 of the object 40 with its length and azimuth and pitch angle at time t1 -

Said vectors EQ, and E2 are thus a function of time and angles ^ 3 and ψ.

Thus, the motion of the object 40, i.e. the trajectory and / or the velocity and / or the acceleration, can be computed as motion criteria for the measurement radii and vectors following the given object and for the different positions 40-0, 40-1 and 40-2. The required calculations are continuously performed by an electric calculator in a manner known per se.

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On the basis of the stored data, the course of the assumed lines, for example 17 and 18 (cf. Fig. 1), is determined and can be given to the calculator. It can be seen that by appropriate programming of the electric calculator, it is possible to know in time and locally the crossing of such assumed lines 17, 18 by the object 40 as the intersection of the path of the object 40 with the assumed lines 17 or 18.

Similarly, in the state device of Figure 2, the permeability of the assumed surfaces 29 and 36, which represent the boundaries of the warning and protection zones, can be deduced by computing the order of the specified measurement radii from one or more objects in these zones or states. The general presence of measured objects in these zones or spaces can also be determined by computational estimation of the next measuring radii.

Assuming so far that the object to be measured is small in relation to the focal point, i.e. the diameter of the beam comprising the measuring beam, i.e. that it would not remain in two or more successive measuring beams when stationary, it is assumed that the object to be measured 40 has such a larger dimension. that it is struck by numerous measuring radii of known direction.

The computational estimation of these numerous measuring radii, or thus the estimation of the vectors provided by the encountered object 40, not only provides size, shape, shape criteria, but also movement conditions such as direction, speed, acceleration, seasonality, etc. can be processed. By comparing the criteria of a known object with stored information about size, shape, shape, movement conditions such as direction, acceleration, periodicity, etc., the measured objects can be detected and identified and divided into, for example, a specific target category, at least by approximate.

In general, the method makes it possible to identify all objects that cross the assumed lines or surfaces or, hereinafter, the sub-surfaces or said sub-states mentioned in the claim requirement 1. The distinction between unwanted or disturbing objects and non-hazardous objects depends on the local solution and object of the system, i.e. the method and the device, and depends on the program level of the calculator. Theoretically, it is possible to achieve one hundred percent separation.

71207

Thus, it is even possible with this method and with the device described in more detail, with the aid of the space parameters given by the calculator, to guard the surface or space from both the constant and the variable. Thus, it is also possible to evaluate the detected changes according to certain aspects by corresponding programming of the calculator, to indicate them and, if necessary, to perform an alarm.

It should also be noted that the intermediate evaluation of these vectors and the different evaluation and comparison of the criteria with the stored data is a computational operation that can be performed by corresponding programming of a counter known per se, in which case this programming cannot be patented per se, so it will not be explained further here.

Figure 4 is a schematic side view of the height of the assumed surfaces with visibly shown focal points.

The directional radiator 100 transmits radiation pulses in varying directions in a predetermined chronological order. The side view of Figure 4 shows the terrain 1 and the beams 42, 43 and 44, the respective angles of rise of which are ψ ^, Ψ3 ·

The first assumed surface 29 in this example is assumed to be an ovstv-straight surface. The second assumed surface 36 is also assumed to be a vertical surface with a smaller distance from the radiating device IOO. For the assumed surfaces, the focal points 42, 46 and 47, 48, 49 are determined by beam tufts 42, 43 and 44, shown in Figure 4 as lined ovals, the dimensions of which depend on the scattering angle of each beam and the distance from the directional radiator. In the case of a radiant optic radiator 100, the size of the focal points can be controlled according to a program given to the calculator, for example depending on K and / or iO.

The size of the focal points determines e.g. mvös trigger ability. In order to provide sufficient control certainty, it is therefore advantageous to select the beam scattering and the angle of inclination and azimuth angle of a single beam and their intermittent order so that only non-existent local and temporal intervals occur between the focal points 10 η λ 2 0 7.

The method can be performed either with a single directional radiator whose radiation direction varies or also with several radiators radiating in different directions. The different radiation directions can take place, for example, either by the movable arrangement of the transmitter itself or by the movable radiation transmission elements connected to the transmitter.

But it is also possible to implement a directional radiator so that at least one transmitter is provided with a beam splitting system for splitting or dividing the radiation according to the surface and / or space. In such a system, for example, pulsed electromagnetic radiation, in particular light radiation, for example infrared radiation, is transmitted in different defined directions and the radiation reflected from objects or background is in each case transmitted to the receiver via one or more analogue reception systems. Thus, the reflected radiation is preferably received spatially selectively.

If the transmission in different directions takes place in chronological order, the corresponding reflected radiation portions are also received separately and compared one by one. Thus, there is a transmitting channel for transmitting radiation and a receiving channel for spatially selectively capturing and forwarding the reflected radiation to a receiver, which channels are preferably interconnected to avoid the transmission of transmitted radiation from the transmission channel directly to the reception channel. This must be achieved in view of the large difference in the reflection of the signals in both channels in order to protect the receiver from interference.

For special purposes, for example for guarding several accurate surfaces with only one transmitter and receiver, it is advantageous to send radiation pulses in different directions according to a certain program and to receive reflections from said directions also in groups and also to compare them in groups.

If radiation pulses are transmitted in groups in different directions and received in groups from these directions, it is not necessary to compare each signal from each direction individually. For example, if an invading object causes changes in the reflection conditions in the radiation field, i.e.

11 7120 7 at a different location of the reflection of at least one transmitted beam than before, there is also a change in the sum signal obtained in the joint evaluation of the whole signal group. Such a change in the sum signal with respect to the undisturbed state may be a criterion for triggering the alarm.

If at least two irradiation systems are used, each producing uniform radiation at different locations, i.e. spatial staggering is performed, an object passing through at least two surfaces causes changes in time-received reception signals, thus estimating the time difference and order of change to trigger a direction-dependent alarm.

The method can in principle be used in connection with all energy which emits pulses, for example ultrasonic energy, but in particular in connection with electromagnetic energy. Pulsed laser radiation has proven to be advantageous, especially in the region of invisible light, e.g. in the infrared region.

In a given use case, it may prove advantageous, for example, to control the beam of radiation depending on the respective direction in order to achieve the most seamless opening possible on the assumed surfaces with focal points.

In view of the control of the dynamics of the receiver system, i.e. the proper handling of both weaker and stronger signals, it may also prove appropriate in a given case to control the transmission power and / or the reception sensitivity depending on the direction of the radiation.

For this purpose, it is also possible to control the transmission power and / or the reception sensitivity depending on the magnitude and / or the intensity of the reflection of the measuring radii, for example the distance depth vectors.

The method can be further developed by estimating not only the distance vectors per se, but also the intensity of the radiation reflected to the receiver. For example, objects determined in this way can be identified by their high reflectivity relative to their other objects and / or background 12 71207. Including measurement data from their remote vvs vectors can be processed and evaluated in a differentiated manner based on further evaluation of the higher intensity of radiation reflected to the receiver. This will also result in a significant reduction in data if only a sample of data is directed to the calculator and memory which, due to the high intensity of the reflection, is of particular interest, at least from time to time.

The evaluation of the reception vectors is thus limited, for example, to the location of the reflection and / or to the business conditions of the object in question, to only one desired target sample.

This sampling can be achieved, for example, by providing a threshold device known per se in the receiving channel and / or by a directional, at least intermittent reduction of the transmission power in the radiator and / or a reduction of the reception sensitivity with respect to normal use.

In order to determine certain points of terrain or space, for example certain points of certain assumed lines and / or surfaces, it is also possible to arrange objects which are particularly strongly reflective at these terrain or road points, e.g. retrohei reflectors in pairs, which are said to be measured on the basis of higher reflectivity, the appropriate distance vectors are selected as well as?. the position coordinates of this particular highly reflective object transmitted by them are stored to determine the assumed lines and / or surfaces.

It is also possible to use the method in connection with traffic control. For example, an assumed line or surface can determine the curvature of the roadway, as well as determine the location or fracture of that assumed line or surface, evaluate it, and, for example, calculate or register.

The method can be used for a variety of traffic control tasks, such as traffic counting, traffic assessment, such as congestion on highways, controlling parking garage equipment, monitoring vehicles whose driver has violated a traffic sign, for example, against a red light.

Quite generally, it can also be said that the method is suitable for monitoring the nose or state in both constant and variable state, in which case both the constancy of the state and all changes can be evaluated and / or shown. A fall-hazardous location, a building, such as a flood wall or dam, a bridge, etc., can also be used as a target to monitor their condition continuously or intermittently.

If undesirable changes occur, they can be detected, recorded, or alerted to the situation.

To solve these specific tasks, it is advantageous to define at least one assumed line or surface at least close to the surface of the object to be monitored, for example the wall of a building. The changes then have the effect that at least parts of the surface of the object or building to be monitored penetrate another sub-surface or space. This is indicated by the corresponding calculator output signal so that an alarm can be triggered.

Figure 5 shows a first embodiment of a directional radiator in a sectional view.

In Fig. 5, reference numeral 100 denotes the directional radiator in its entirety, i.e. it means not only the transmitter part but also the receiver part with its auxiliary devices.

The directional radiator 100 includes a lower part 101 to be attached to the station position 2 (Figs. 1, 2, 3). The lower part 101 is rotatably mounted around the fixed shaft 104 by a needle-ball bearing 102.

The drive device 105 arranged in the lower part 101 drives the outer part 103 between the hollow shaft 106 and a clutch (not shown in Fig. 5), whereby it rotates, for example, 12 revolutions per second around the shaft 104.

The rotor 107 has, on the one hand, a rotor plate 108 fixedly connected to the lower part 101 via the shaft 104, which is thus in place relative to the lower part 101 and on the other hand only the detectors 110 connected to the cord 109 housing 109 shown in Fig. 5. Since the cord 109 housing 109 is fixedly connected with the upper part 103 of the directional radiator 100, it rotates together with the sensors 110 about the shaft 104, thus moves relative to the lower part 101 and the rotor disk 108 which is rigidly connected thereto.

71207 14 by means of the rotator 107 and its sensors 110, it is thus possible to derive the respective relative rotation position of the upper part 103 as a measured value from the sensors 110 by means of wires connected via a slip ring 111 to the counter.

Other components necessary for the radiator 100 are now built into the rotating top 103. An impulse transmitter 112, for example a laser diode transmitter for transmitting individual infrared radiation, the latter shown in Fig. 5 as a scattering transmitter light beam 113, transmits its first optical means 114, e.g. a parabolic mirror 114, 116.

Säteilynpoikkeutuselintä 116 may be rotated 45 ° to a horizontal axis 117 as a function of the exact time at an angle in the direction of the double arrow 118.

Therefore, it has a tilting device 119 rigidly attached to the upper part 103. In order to reduce the moment of inertia in the movable beam deflection device 116, it is also advantageous to shape the rotating mirror elliptical, the major axis being in the axial direction 117 and the minor axis transverse to it. This measure facilitates the achievement of a high rotational frequency.

From the radiation deflecting member 116, in this case from the lower surface of the reversing mirror, a beam 115 parallel to the horizontal The reversing mirror 120 emits light from the radiation deflection member 116 in the horizontal direction (i.e., perpendicular to the drawing surface of Fig. 5) as a measuring beam forward; in Figure 5 it is shown as a small circle at the center of the reversing mirror. The measuring radius comes out of the top 103 window (not shown in Figure 5). As the radiation deflection member 116 swings, as described, the beam pivoted forward from the reversing mirror 120 swings in a vertical plane relative to the top of the parallel radiator. But now, as described, the top 103 and thus the first optical device (parabolic mirror 114), the non-radiating 71207 cooking member 116 and the second optical member (reversing mirror 120) rotate with the top 103, said vertical surface of the output light exiting the top through said window 104 around. Based on the time of the transmission light pulse and the simultaneous rotation position of the upper part 103, the current azimuth angle P and the current rotation mirror of the radiation deflection member 116 are used to accurately determine and determine the current pitch angle f for each directional measuring beam.

As a first optical means 114, instead of a parabolic mirror, a so-called vario optics with a reversing mirror, which enables the controlled bundling of the transmission light beam 113 and thus also the corresponding measuring beam.

The light reflected from the outside of the measuring beam enters a second reversing mirror 121 rotated 45 ° horizontally through a window of a second top 103 not shown in Fig. 5. In Fig. 5, the received beam is depicted by a circle with a cross on the reversing mirror 121. From the second reversing mirror 121, the receiving beam is directed vertically downwards on both sides to the upper surface of the reflecting radiation deflecting member 116 (reversing mirror) and thence through the second parabolic mirror 122 as a tapered receiving beam 123.

Appropriate auxiliary devices, such as power distribution devices, control and regulation units for the actuator 105 and the reversing device 119, as well as the components of the calculator, are also arranged in the directional radiator 100, for example in the upper part 103. This is illustrated by the electrical plug-in cards 126 symbolically shown in Figure 5.

Wires 127 supply electrical energy to the directional radiator, for example from an AC mains or battery. On the conductors 128, the directional radiator 100 outputs the output signals it is processing, for example in coded form. These output signals can be arranged in a manner known per se in the pointing device, for example as status indicators and / or alarm indicators.

16 71 207

It should also be noted that the measurement beams 41 (Figs. 2, 3) and 42, 43, 44 (Fig. 4) provided by the directional radiator 100 and the impulse period frequency of the impulse transmitter 112, respectively, provide focal points 45, 46, 47, 48, 49 (Fig. 4) for apparent lines. or in the region of the apparent surfaces 29, 36 (Fig. 3). Then, on the one hand, the magnitude of these focal points and, on the other hand, the impulse frequency of the impulse transmitter must be selected or controlled so that these focal points successively and as such form successively If a light transmitter (also infrared) is used as the pulse transmitter 112, the size of the focal points can advantageously be adjusted by the control unit arranged therein along, for example, the first assumed surface depending on its respective distance from the directional radiator 100.

Figure 6 shows an operation diagram of an embodiment of an apparatus for carrying out the method.

The pulse transmitter 112 transmits laser pulses in the infrared range, the pulse frequency of which is controlled by the regulation and control unit 130 via a conductor 131. The transmission pulses of the impulse transmitter 112 pass through the vario optics 132, the focusing of which is controlled by the control and control unit 130 via the control conductor 133. The transmission pulses are then rotated by the radiation deflection member 116 according to its current position and applied to the reversing mirror 120. The output beam thus generated is focused according to the current adjustment of the vario optics 132.

The control unit 130 controls the correct position of the deflection member with respect to the measuring radius 30 in a specific direction f, perusteella based on the information from the central counter 200 via the conductor 134 and the deflection member 116 via the conductor 135 and also from the central calculator 200. In order to improve this control procedure, the line 130 of the control and adjustment unit 130 derives information about the actual position of this radiation deflection member.

17 71 20 7

The receiving light 40x reflected from the background or object 40 (Figures 2, 3) of the guarded terrain 1 (Fig. 1) or space 22 (Fig. 2) enters the receiver 125 through the second reversing mirror 121, the beam deflection member 116 and the parabolic mirror 122 and the narrowband interference filter. 5) there is a risk that the receiver device comprising the parts 121, 116, 122, 124 and 125 is oriented in the exact opposite direction to the transmitted measuring beam 40.

In order to now perform the tasks defined in the claims by the directional radiator, the directional radiator includes a calculator 400 formed of a central calculator 200 and a satellite calculator 300, and a group 500 calculator auxiliary devices.

The central calculator 200 has a first input / output unit (I / O port) 201 and a second input / output unit (I / O port) 202. In addition, the central calculator (CPU) 203 has a program memory (PROM) 204, a first printer-read-only memory. with optional devices (RAM) 206, all connected to each other on the first multiple bus (BUS) in a manner known per se.

The satellite counter 300 has an input / output unit (I / O port) 301 and a central processing unit (CPU) 302, a program memory (PROM) 303 and a printer read-only memory with optional devices (RAM) 304, all connected to each other by a second multiple bus (bus) 305 in the manner of.

A common busbar control unit 401 is provided for the central calculator 200, its multiple busbar 207 and the satellite memory 300, and its multiple busbar 305.

Between the multiple bus 207 of the first central counter 200 and the bus 305 of the second satellite counter 300, there is a transceiver 402 arranged for traffic between the two busbars 207 and 305, i.e. between the main memory 200 and the satellite memory 300.

The calculator 400 is provided with the following auxiliary devices: Precision clock 403 arranged both as a time and frequency basis for the recirculator 107 and the control and regulation unit 130 and also for controlling said calculator 18 71 207, power distribution section 404 with associated control devices 405, output unit 406 both for switching the directional radiator 100 on and off and also for selecting the desired operating mode. With this output unit 406, the drive 105 is also switched on. In addition, there is an auxiliary output unit 407 - for transmitting information obtained by the directional radiator 100, i.e. for detecting and reporting the status of the guarded area or state and changes, coordinates and other information about the identified object, alarm signal, etc. can preferably be provided as coded signals. known display devices and / or alarm devices.

The operation steps of the device according to the embodiment described above will now be explained with reference to Figs. 5 and 6 and Figs. 7 and 8 in a particular use case.

Figure 7 shows diagrammatically the course of the measuring beam in determining certain assumed surfaces. This. Fig. 1 shows conditions at a plane whose azimuth is -P 1 along the axis of the directional radiator 100, in which a retro-reflector 501 is periodically arranged at a height h to first obtain the coordinates of the first assumed surface. The measuring beam 502 impinges on the retro-reflector 501.

The distance of the directional radiator 100 from the reflector 501 is in the region of the first assumed surface I in the direction E of the measuring radius 502. If nvt o the retro-reflector 501 is moved farther, the measuring radius can meet the terrain 1 at said yaw level and pitch angle ψ. This causes a longer distance vector at the point of intersection 502 AEQ, where E + Δ E = E ... o oi

The second assumed surface II is determined by the nvt intersection point 503. At the same pitch level at which the measuring radius 502 travels, a second measuring radius 504 can now be transmitted with a pitch difference. The measuring radius 504 strikes the terrain 1 at a further meeting point 505. This meeting point now defines the position of the third assumed Surface III. As shown in Figure 7, E ^ = + E ^. In the same way, an intersection point 507 with terrain 1 is formed with a measuring radius 506 higher than the pitch angle ip1, which again defines a fourth assumed surface IV. Mvös here applies by analogy: the distance vector E-j = E2 + ΔΕ2 '19 71 20 7 OH note that the slope differences Δψ1 and Δψ ^' the distance differences ΔΕ ^ j.a ΔΕ2 are defined between the second and third and the third and fourth surfaces. In addition, the height h and the difference AEq and the angle of inclination of the horizontal distance A in the second assumed surface II are determined by the first surface I or by the retro-reflector 501.

In the present case, it is assumed that · the assumed surfaces I, II, III and IV run in a permanent line. If the assumed surfaces are audibly selected as the center of the directional radiator 100, computational simplifications are provided because the distance vectors of all points are similar in the case of such a nose.

Figure 8 shows a schematic plan view of the course of the measuring beams when determining certain assumed surfaces. At the azimuth angles /> 2 'f 2 3a ^ 4 and the pitch angles ψ ^, + Δψ ^ and ψ + Δψ ^ + Ψ2, the measuring beams emanating from the directional radiator 100 meet, on the one hand, the retro-reflectors 501, 508, 509 and 510 placed on the ground 1 and, on the other hand, if they travel in the vertical plane corresponding to the azimuth y, the intersection points 503, 505 and 507 in terrain 1. However, if the measuring beams pass in the vertical plane corresponding to the azimuth y, they meet the intersection points 511, 512 and 513 depending on their angle of inclination.

If the measuring radii travel in a constant plane according to the azimuth, the intersection points 514, 515 and 516 appear, depending on the angle of inclination.

If the measuring rays eventually pass in a vertical plane corresponding to the azimuth Ϋ ^, they meet the intersection points 517, 518 and 519 according to their angle of inclination.

The intersection points 503, 511 and 517 thus determine the assumed line 520 in the terrain 1, which in this case shows the projection of the assumed surface II, which is considered to be vertical. Similarly, the intersection points 505, 512, 515, and 518 represent another assumed line 521 in terrain 1, which in this case represents the projection of the assumed surface III considered vertical. Finally, the intersection points 507, 513, 516 and 519 still determine the projected line 522 in the terrain 1, which in this case shows the projection of the assumed surface IV, which is considered to be vertical.

Thus, it can be seen that the periodic arrangement of the retro-reflectors can determine the necessary coordinate values for determining the assumed lines (503, 505, 507; Fig. 7) or the assumed surfaces (I, II, III, IV; Figs. 7 and 8) simply by means of the parallel radiator 100. By corresponding programming of the inventory calculator 200 (Fig. 6), the transmitted coordinate values can be stored and determined.

2 ° 71207

It is also possible to determine the first assumed line 523 to terrain 1 as the starting point for determining the assumed surfaces of the freely assumed lines, and from this assumed line 523 to determine other assumed lines for the freely selected distances. The coordinate values thus obtained can then be entered, for example, manually via the calculator input unit 301. Depending on the respective topographic relationships of the use case, the first or the second mentioned method for determining the assumed lines and surfaces is more advantageous.

Preferably, line 523 can also be assumed to be equidistant from the assumed line 520 previously determined by retro-reflectors (501, 508, 509, 510) and intersection points 503, 511, 514, 517. Then this line 523 can preferably be assumed to be at a distance from the assumed line 520 corresponding to the minimum 501, 508, 509 and 510 at distances from the intersection points 503, 511, 514, 517. Such a procedure simplifies the calculations performed by the bearing 400.

The device according to the embodiment described above has the following operation:

The input unit 406 is used to turn on the device. Then the input unit takes on more tasks and performs various operations: 1. Switching on the power supply parts 404 and the drive 105.

2. Determine the distance between two assumed surfaces.

3. Taking the coordinates of the assumed surface (once).

4. Normal operation.

5. Switch off the device.

1.1. When switched on, the central counter 200 and the satellite counter 300 are simultaneously brought to a predetermined initial position.

2i 71207 2.1. To determine the distance between the two assumed surfaces, it can be done manually in connection with step 1.1. Then, the first printer read-only memory 205 in the central calculator 200 is given Constants to separate the assumed surfaces. Thus, for example, three assumed surfaces are connected by two constant angles.

3.1. Further, the instruction "take assumed notes" given to the output unit 406 activates the program flow stored for this purpose in the program memory 204 of the central calculator. At the same time, the satellite counter 300 remains in its home position. The device then performs the following operations: 3.1.1. Receiver 125 is adjusted to its lowest sensitivity.

3.1.2. The reachable space of the entire directional radiator 100 is seamlessly detected by the measuring beams, i.e. from its entire azimuth and ascent range.

3.1.3. The detection areas are traversed with the largest fuels.

3.1.4. The receiver and the memory are provided with characteristic values from selected locations in which the intensity of the receiving light is arranged with an improved reflectivity, for example a retro-reflector arranged there in advance. The first intake phase ends.

3.1.5. Combine computationally in step 3.1.4. the obtained values (coordinates) as a function E (Λ ψ). This function is the function defined for the characteristics of the device and the location of the directional radiator. The function (f, ψ) is stored in the first printer-read unit 204 of the central calculator 200 and remains unchanged throughout its operation.

3.1.6. Further input of partial function values E (· f, ψ) from the central calculators 200 to the control and regulation unit 130 together with a constant angle Δψ for the assumed surfaces (see 2.1 above) to control the radiation deflection member 116. In addition, a constant pulse frequency is applied to the control and regulation device 130 (from the pulse transmitter 112).

22 71 207 3.1.7. The beginning of the second receiving step to obtain the actual values for the vksit-filled assumed surfaces. From the actual values for the assumed surfaces II (Fig. 8), by subtracting the value A (Fig. 7), the appropriate parameters are derived for the assumed surfaces I (Figs. 7 and 8).

These values are stored in the read-write memory 205 of the central calculator 200 and remain constant throughout operation.

The distance values for the outer assumed surfaces III, IV, Figures 7, 8 are calculated from the corresponding actual value of the nearest inner assumed surface.

The resulting reference values ΔΕ are stored together with the remote values for actual operation in the first printer read-only memory 205 in the central calculator 200 and represent the parameter recognition cycle. All parameters are stored in the first printer read-only memory 205 in chronological order.

3.1.8. In section 3.1.4 above. suppression of the characteristic values presented.

4.1. After the device has processed the parameters as described above, it can be taken into normal use by the program calculator 200 with the program memory 204 and the satellite calculator 300 with the program memory 303 for normal operation. This is usually done by a control command with the output unit 406 of the central counter 200 and the satellite counter 300.

The program stored in the program memory 204 has been developed with the specific purpose of the device in mind. It includes in addition to the assumed central computer 200 in the case of surfaces kävttöönottomenettelvn the steps of storing of etäisvysmitta values, to compare them with stored parameters in order to obtain the stored hysteresis and the stored parameters for adopting a specific angle säteilynpoikkeutuselimen 116 (Figure 5) of the double arrow 118, both steps of the circulator 107 (Figure 5) and for administration to the control and control unit 130 (Fig. 6).

In the given embodiment, the above-mentioned steps (steps) 3 are automatically converted into steps (steps) 4 and the steps (steps) 1 to 3 and the mode of operation are determined (diagonal or horizontal arrangement of the rotary axis 100 of the directional radiator), which requires different programs to process the measured values.

23 71 207

By cooperating with the calculator 400 by the interaction of the directional rotation of the radiator or its controlled rotation and the radiating deflection member 116, the device performs the operation E ψ), several depending on the number of assumed surfaces.

Although the directional radiator 100 rotates only at approximately a constant angular velocity, the angular sensing must still take place as accurately as possible, so that the output of the radiation pulses of the pulse transmitter 112 (Figs. 5, 6) is controlled by the recirculator 107 at the current value of the control unit 130. the individual impulses are given according to the angular position arranged for them. The corrections required here are performed by the data stored in the main memory of the printer readers 205 and 206 by the control and control unit 130.

A distance truth value is generated from each receiver-receiver received by reflection and stored in the printer-read memory 205 (Fig. 6) "on-line", i.e., containing steps. In addition, a distance parameter stored in the printer read-only memory 205 whose azimuth 'f is the same but which corresponds to the inner assumed surface or pitch ψ from which the distance actual value is obtained. The resulting true difference E -JO ^ φ) is then compared to a parameter stored in the printer-reader 205. In the event that the nominal-actual difference is approximately zero, the actual difference is stored as a new nominal difference in the printer-read memory 205 and thereafter in the printer-read memory 206. Nominal value distance in the printer-reader 205 for assumed surfaces -all from the respective assumed surfaces I (Figure 7 ) are similarly replaced by actual value distances, i.e. they form nominal values for the next identification cycle.

Normally, when the perimeter changes, the nominal-actual value difference is zero, i.e., new values are not stored.

As soon as the object penetrates the area or the assumed surface, this difference increases from zero and is thus stored in the printer read-only memories 205 and 206 as described above.

24 71207

The satellite counter 300 (Fig. 6) uses the busbar control unit 401 to take care of the intermittent and locally coded differences ΔΕ = / (^ \ ψ) of the transmitter / receiver 402 and, depending on the circumstances, the function values E (? *, Ψ) coming from the read-only memory. 206 in the central calculator 200 and stores them in the printer read-only memory 304.

Priority is given to the central counter 200 so that the satellite counter 300 can receive data only when the central counter 200 is in flash.

The program memory of the satellite calculator 300 contains criteria for eliminating the error alarm that may be caused by conventional effects, as well as for performing the device acceptance test. Common effects include, for example, birds, leaves, snow, moving small animals, spheres, and the like. Significant, effects, on the other hand, are, for example, intruders.

The satellite counter 300 is connected to the output unit 407 and the real-time clock 403 via its own input-output unit 301. It takes care of the further investigation of the electromechanical state of the device by means of control lines. According to the comparison criteria of the program memory 303, the locally and temporally different differences each trigger pre-alarms or an alarm which is further transmitted to the output unit by the satellite counter 300.

All differences stored by the writer-read memory 304 of the satellite calculator 300 are suppressed after a certain period of time, controlled by the real-time clock 403, in time after the last difference. This procedure shall be renewed periodically at the end of each period.

In connection with the known operation of the central calculator 200 in conjunction with the latter operations of the satellite calculator 300, it becomes possible, for example, when arranging a directional radiator 100 on a building to monitor the environment, it reacts to the monitored buildings in situations such as snow cover. The latter is recognized only because the distances between the outer assumed surfaces remain constant as the difference between the assumed surfaces I and II (Figures 7 and 8) changes. As the mist rises, the differences between the outermost assumed layers change from time to time in relative or sequential order, with the innermost assumed surfaces last. Birds and loose leaves - which should not trigger the 25 7 1 2 0 7 alarm in the first place - are eliminated so that the (last difference) between the last and second most recent assumed surface is <0, and the last previous difference remains unchanged. Since the satellite calculator 300 immediately asks for differences from the printer read-only memory 206 and at the same time suffocates, the printer-read-only memory 206 can be kept small.

In addition to storing the distance measured values and comparing them to the parameters from which the differences arise, the central calculator 200 is required to set a value or trip time-related angular information for the recirculator 107 for the recycler 107 and actuate the beam deflector 116. The control and control unit 130 values on the control rail for the time during which the beam deflection member 116 assumes the position given by the central counter 200, whereby the recirculator and thus the rotating upper part 103 (Fig. 5) also assume the position in which the radiation pulse is obtained when the next distance measurement value arrives. An accurate temporal and local (direction) correlation of the radiation pulse is necessary for the renewal of the distance measurement values generated in the region. This is done to avoid unspecified differences.

If optical pulses, for example infrared radiation pulses, are used as the radiation pulse, vario optics 132 (Fig. 6) can be provided for the impulse transmitter 112 (Fig. 6) and its focal length controlled by the control and control unit 130 depending on the distance measurement values.

5. Switch off the device. Two stages are distinguished, namely 5.1. Switching off during operation. In this case, the current output to the calculator 400 remains, only the outer units with their measuring and control parts are separated from the power supply.

5.2. Switching off the device in general.

All units are disconnected from the power supply, i.e., placed in a voltage-free state.

Claims (44)

A method for monitoring an area by pulsed directional radiation, the method of which affixes the given points to the area subject to the determination of at least one assumed line or area, the division of the surface into sub-areas or the division of the space into subspaces by means of it. the assumed line or the assumed surface, assigning a predetermined significance to each of these subspaces or subspaces, transmitting measurement beams in specified directions, and determining using the transmitted measuring beams of at least one parameter to identify at least one object, characterized hence, measuring beams are used which are essentially point-like at the assumed line or assumed surface or indicative object, and the coordinates of at least one assumed line or assumed area are varied relative to a point of comparison as a function of time. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the comparison point is a fixed absolute point. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the comparison point is a moving relative point. 4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least for a part of the determined points the stored coordinates are stored and that at least for a point which is not itself defined by the stored coordinates, their coordinates are determined on the basis of functional correlation. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the motion criterion of said object is determined from the 3 distance information obtained from the measured object obtained from the measured object 4 or from the distance information obtained and stored after the distance information has been established 6. missing at least from a measuring point. 35 71207 Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the criteria for the size and / or shape of said object are determined from the distance information obtained from the measured object or from the distance information obtained and stored after the distance information is found. at least from a measuring point. Method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the distance information is distance vectors. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intensity of the reflected measuring beams is used as the identification criterion for certain objects. Method according to any of claims 5-8, characterized in that the additional criterion for the identification of certain objects is obtained by combining at least some of the methods obtained according to claims 5-8. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that additional criteria are obtained for identifying certain objects by comparing said additional criteria with the stored information. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that said stored data characterizes the movement behavior and / or size and / or shape and / or type of certain objects. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the criterion for the existence time and / or penetration of the objects defined by one of the stored information is determined and signaled as a result of comparison. of said valuation and its stored information. 36 71207 Method according to claim 7 and one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the comparisons and processing of the sizes obtained from the distance vectors take place with the nominal values obtained with a calculator from a memory unit, taking into account the time sequence of the measurement values for determination and identification. the object penetrated into a warning and / or protection zone and / or for triggering a primary alarm or a main alarm. 14. A method according to claim 13, characterized in that after the penetration of at least one defined object's penetration, defense measures are automatically triggered. 15. A method according to claim 14, characterized in that the defenses directed are triggered while observing the position and / or movement of the object or object being penetrated into the monitored area. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the directed radiation takes place in different directions with the aid of a movement arrangement for the transmitter itself and / or with the aid of movable beam reflection elements, which elements are arranged in the transmitter. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the directed radiation takes place in different directions with several transmitters or transmitter elements which transmit measuring beams in different directions. 18. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the radiation pulses are measured individually in different directions according to a predetermined program and the signals are received one after the other, from all directions and selectively, which signals are reflected analogously from the relevant direction of the radiation. and are individually evaluated, the transmitter channel and receiver channel being separated from each other. 37 71207 19. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the electromagnetic energy is transmitted in pulse form. 20. A method according to claim 19, characterized in that pulse-like laser radiation is used. 21. A method according to claim 20, characterized in that the pulses are transmitted in the area of invisible light. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the radiation concentration is controlled as a function of the radiation direction. 23. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission power and / or reception sensitivity is controlled as a function of the radiation direction. 24. A method according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the transmit power and / or reception sensitivity is controlled as a function of the magnitude of the measuring beams, or by analogy the distance vectors, and / or as a function of the intensity of the reflected energy. 25. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that certain objects are identified because of their greater reflectivity compared to other objects and / or background, and then their position and / or movement behavior are stored and evaluated. 26. A method according to claim 25, characterized in that objects with greater reflectivity are observed separately from the group of all objects or from the background by intentionally reducing the transmission power and / or the reception sensitivity. A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the determination of selected points on the lines or assumed surfaces and for storing the coordinates of these selected points in the computer memory, the radiant energy is instantaneously increased, which energy is reflected from the selected points. certain time period with the aid of reflectors placed there during that time and which are particularly effective in the receiver direction, with these selected points belonging to the distance vectors being identified as a result of the greater intensity associated with them and only these reception vectors are momentarily evaluated and those at in this way the coordinates obtained for these selected points are stored. 28. A method according to any preceding claim, characterized in that at least one assumed line or surface is arranged in the driving path and by at least one vehicle made transition of an assumed line or penetration on an assumed surface is observed and evaluated and / or recorded. 29. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface or space is observed in a constant and / or in a changing state and / or the changes observed in the changed state are evaluated and / or indicated. 30. A method according to claim 29, characterized in that at least one assumed line or surface of the surface of the object being monitored is stationary. 31. Device for monitoring an area, characterized in that there is a directional radiation transmitter (100) provided with a pulse transmitter (102) for pulse transmitting directed radiation beams for certain periods of time and in certain directions, an optical system (132) to concentrate said beams so as to be substantially point-like at the assumed line (14, 17, 18) or the assumed surface (29, 36) in the area under surveillance or at the object to be indicated, a receiver (125) for receiving the reflected energy emitted by the radiation transmitter from all directions, a computer (400) performing arithmetic estimation of the amount of reflection signals received from different directions and noting the absence of reflection signals stored in the computer coordinate value for the assumed lines or for the assumed surfaces and it has been programmed for periodic change of said coordinate values. Device according to claim 31, characterized in that the directional radiation transmitter (100) has a fixed support position (2). Device according to claim 31, characterized in that the directional radiation transmitter (100) has a movable support location. 34. Device according to any of claims 31, 32 or 33, characterized in that the appliance includes storage means for identifying the objects for receiving information. Device according to any of claims 31-34, characterized in that the evaluation device has output means (407) which are used for indicating a preliminary alarm and / or a main alarm. Apparatus according to claim 31, characterized in that the directing radiation transmitter (100) includes an upper part (103) with a pulse transmitter (112) and a receiver (125), and a radiation reflection element (116), for said directional beam Transmitter transmitter also includes a lower part (101), which is attached to the support site (2), and means for mounting said upper part rotatably in relation to said lower part around a shaft (104). Device according to claim 36, characterized in that a control and control device (130) is provided in the pulse transmitter (112) and / or in the beam reflection element (116), the control and control device being connected to the rotary transmitter. (107) and controls the timing of the output of the pulse transmitter's radiation pulses, while taking into account and correcting the angular error in the rotational movement of the upper part (103) and / or the angular error of the beam reflection element. Device according to claim 36, characterized in that a parabolic mirror (114) or a controllable vario-optic (132) is placed on the bakoin pulse transmitter (112) for supplying strain from the pulse transmitter to the controllable beam reflection element (116). 39. Apparatus according to claim 38, characterized in that the beam reflection element (116) is an oscillating mirror, provided on both sides with a reflective coating and which can be precisely pivoted at given angles with the aid of a guiding device (119). control and control unit (130), whereby the emitted radiation bears against one surface of the oscillating mirror and the received reflected radiation towards its other surface. Apparatus according to claim 39, characterized in that the oscillating mirror in its shape is substantially elliptical. Apparatus according to any of claims 38, 39 or 40, characterized in that the reflection mirror (120) is placed behind the beam reflection element (116) and directs the emitted radiation as a function of the instantaneous position of the beam reflection element at varying inclination angle ( and placing a second reflection mirror (121) in front of the beam reflection element, which second reflection mirror transmits the received and reflected from the transmitted radiation using the beam reflection element and a second parabolic mirror (122) to the receiver (125) from the opposite direction from the direction from the direction of the direction from the direction of the direction coming send the direction of radiation. 42. Apparatus according to claim 41, characterized in that a narrowband interference filter (124) set on the path length of the transmitted radiation has been placed in front of the receiver (125).