NO810381L - PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR MONITORING AN AREA BY PULSE RADIATION - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the monitoring of surfaces and areas as well as objects therein. A pulse transmitter (112) emits over a beam deflection means (116) in defined order (130) and defined directions directive pulsed radiation (40) and receiving beams (40) are received (112) directionally. (116). Distance vectors and their changes are processed. in a computer (400) for measuring terrain, area and objects and / or for determining objects and / or alarming (407).

Description

This invention relates to a method for monitoring an area or room by means of pulsed directive radiation and also a device for carrying out the method. The known technique includes different types of light barriers or barriers, for example as described in German specification documents 2 157 815 and 2 129 666 and German published patent application 2 353 702, which can be used to monitor specific surfaces, terrain or rooms or areas with regard to to unwanted intrusion. Such systems certainly enable monitoring along a periphery, but this only along respective straight lines. They also have the disadvantage that the devices necessary for this must be located on the said periphery itself, so that they can be damaged, for example, by criminal intervention in their function or they can also be outwitted with regard to their inaccurate monitoring. Monitoring systems have also been proposed for rooms or areas by which a radiation field is produced in the room to be monitored, as sensing units are affected by field changes caused by objects that penetrate the room or area and can thus trigger an alarm. In this connection, reference is made to the following German published patent applications and explanatory notes: 2 346 764, 2 508 796, 2 600 362, 2 613 375, 2 617 467, 2 638 337, 2 656 256, 2 702 499 and 2 722 982 .

Known methods and devices can indeed satisfactorily solve certain tasks, but they usually have the disadvantage that when set to a sufficiently high sensitivity, in addition to the desired alarms, false alarms are also caused to be emitted due to various other effects. However, such a function is very unsatisfactory in the long run, as frequent false alarms will weaken confidence in the reliability of such a method or device, so that the alarm is eventually no longer taken seriously.

This invention is therefore based on the

gift to obtain a method which ensures reliable monitoring of surfaces respectively terrain and rooms, and which is particularly immune to malicious functional deterioration to the greatest possible extent and which, despite very high sensitivity, has an extremely low false alarm frequency and in addition.

furthermore, it is suitable for monitoring relatively complicated structures of surfaces, terrain or rooms. Furthermore, it is a task for this invention to provide a device for carrying out the above-mentioned method.

A more detailed description of the invention as well as the new and distinctive features thereof are included in the patent claims.

The invention has as a general solution idea to carry out an ongoing measurement or determination of a surface, a terrain or a room, possibly an area to be monitored, with regard to condition and with regard to possible changes occurring, as the target results are assessed, for example compared with stored values. The target results can also be further processed in order to thereby obtain additional information and this additional information can be compared with stored information, thereby on the one hand not only being able to determine changes that have occurred in a reliable way, but also being able to assess these with regard to position nature and significance, for example to trigger a possible alarm only when a determined event meets certain criteria.

In this way, a reliable and accurate determination of state and state changes is not only ensured, but it also means that the detection is limited to special objects or events. Thus, it is possible to avoid the troublesome frequent error alarms of other systems to the greatest extent possible.

The procedure and device for carrying this out

prove to be extremely immune to deterioration or malicious damage, as the system parameters cannot in practice be recognized from the outside and cannot be influenced or outwitted by external measures. Moreover, the device itself, in contrast to the aforementioned light barriers, is not located at the periphery of the flat or the terrain or the room to be monitored, but is in practice located in the center of the area to be monitored. Thanks to the small dimensions of the device and the relatively large distance from the periphery, the equipment is also easy to use

camouflage and thereby protect against remote influence with malicious intent.

The method and the device are not only suitable for monitoring surfaces, terrain and rooms against disruptive, particularly malicious influence, but also, for example, for ongoing monitoring of, for example, landslide-prone areas, important buildings such as power plant dams, etc. with regard to changes that occur. The invention is also suitable for burglary protection of properties thanks to the relatively moderate costs and the great flexibility with regard to application to different structures. As a result of the high resolution and the fast working method, it is also possible to detect objects in motion and their behavior, with great accuracy and with high reliability.

In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, where: Figure 1 shows a ground plan of a surface or a terrain to be protected, with a possible arrangement of warning zones outside a protection zone, using virtual lines,

figure 2 shows in perspective the conditions of a room surveillance with virtual surfaces for forming warning areas and a protection area,

figure 3 shows an example of measuring an object in motion in a terrain,

figure 4 shows in elevation an illustration of directive radiation and virtual surfaces that are formed,

figure 5 shows a section through a directive ray,

figure 6 shows a block diagram of a device for carrying out the method,

figure 7 schematically shows in elevation the course of the measuring beams when determining certain virtual surfaces,

figure 8 shows in a schematic ground plan the course of measuring beams when determining specific virtual surfaces,

figures 9 and 9a show a device with a beam splitting system,

figure 10 shows in block diagram an embodiment example with

a beam splitting system,

figure 11 schematically shows the serial treatment of distance vectors,

figure 12 schematically shows a group-wise treatment of distance vectors.

In Figure 1, a terrain or surface 1 is limited by a line 3 that starts from a point 2, a line 4 and a line 5 that leads back to point 2. Figure 1 shows the terrain 1

in ground plan. The line 4 between the lines 3 and 5 is here to be understood as a virtual line which, although it does not itself physically emerge in the terrain, but is determined in its course by means of data stored in a warehouse, for example at the polar coordinates with regard to at point 2 for a number of selected points lying on the line, for example points 6 to 16. Between these selected points, the course of the virtual line 4 can, for example, be determined by linear interpolation or according to a predetermined function using a computer.

Another virtual line 17 can be freely selected, for example with a freely selectable preferably constant distance from the first virtual line 4 in the direction towards point 2.

A third virtual line 18 can likewise be freely selected, for example with another freely selectable preferably constant distance from the second virtual line 17 in the direction towards point 2. With the help of these virtual lines 4, 17 and 18, the surface of the terrain 1 is thus divided into sub-surfaces 19, 20 and 21, each of which can be assigned a specific meaning.

Thus, for example, the part surface 19 can represent a first warning zone, the part surface 20 a second warning zone and the part surface 21 a protection zone. Each of the mentioned partial surfaces is thus given its own special and specific meaning.

Point 2 represents the position or position of a directive beam which, for example, radiates a narrow bundle of electromagnetic radiation, for example invisible light pulses from a laser light source in time sequence to different directions out into the terrain 1. Each of these pulses is radiated in at a defined time and with a defined azimuth angle $ and elevation angle V into the terrain 1.

Point 2 is also the stand for a radiation receiver which is affected by and processed in a preferably spatially and frequency-wise selective manner the incident ie reflected radiation from the relevant direction for a radiation pulse. With the help of each such radiation pulse, an associated specific measurement beam is formed which is possibly reflected from an object or from the terrain as a background. We denote such a measurement beam associated with a reflection, the following always being a direct measurement beam. However, if no reflection occurs,

for example due to perfect or in practice almost perfect absorption or due to reflection or deflection of the emitted radiation in another direction, we denote such a measuring beam in the following as an indirect measuring beam. As will be shown in the following, significant information can be obtained regarding the condition of the terrain being monitored even in the case of indirect measurement beams, i.e. no reflection.

With the help of Figure 2, the conditions for determining specific points in the room for the definition of virtual surfaces in the room will now be described. Point 2 in the room is chosen as the stand for the directive beam. A sector of space 22 extends from point 2. The angular limitation of the sector occurs by determining certain points in space, for example at points 23, 24, 25 and 26. With the help of these points 23 to 26 and perhaps further points, for example points 27,

28 and others, an arbitrary continuous surface can be defined

as virtual surface 29 in space 22. The spatial courses of the virtual surface 29 can be determined between the aforementioned defined points by means of interpolation due to a predetermined functional relationship. In a similar way, further virtual surfaces can be defined, for example by determining the further points 30, 31, '32, 33, 34 and 35 and possibly further points on another virtual surface 36.

The virtual surfaces 29 and 36 are each illustrated in figure 2

with a line network.

The determination of the mentioned points can be done, for example, by means of coordinates in relation to the displayed coordinate system x, y, z, for each such point, or by means of polar coordinates, these coordinates being stored in a warehouse.

The mentioned virtual surfaces 29 and 36 therefore do not appear physically in the room, but are here about "imaginary" surfaces which involve the division of the room sector 2 into sub-rooms.

Each of these sub-rooms is then assigned a specific meaning, for example the outermost sub-room 37 is designated as a pre-warning room, the middle sub-room 38 as a warning room and the innermost sub-room 39 as a protection room. By means of a defined sequence of measurement beams in time and with regard to azimuth and elevation, starting from the position of the directive beam in point 2, the space sector 22 is scanned or measured, so that an object 40 located in the space sector 22 or in case of a larger object: a part of it, is hit once or repeatedly by measuring rays in a certain direction.

Such a measuring beam is a narrow beam whose cross-section at the object or at the virtual surfaces is termed point-shaped. By point form, it is understood here that the cross-section is small in relation to the dimensions of the object that . to be located or detected. This also means that. the smallest possible cross-section is also considered to be point-shaped when the object to be located is even smaller. In this case, however, nothing can be said as to the real size of the object, although the object is still detectable.

On the receiver side, at least one parameter is determined, for example the distance from the radiator, respectively the position of the object, by measuring the radiation's travel time between the directive beam and the object 40, respectively back to the receiver. Due to the time sequence of the measurement beams and their azimuth and elevation angle and thus the different measurement values, an object 40 (Figure 2) and/or its shape can be determined directly. If there is an object in the area being monitored with a surface that practically perfectly absorbs the radiation, then the sudden lack of reflections of the background, indirectly, angular position, shape and further information about such an object can still be obtained by processing the direct measuring rays from the immediate surroundings for this object. Corresponding considerations also apply analogously to the case of monitoring a terrain according to Figure 1.

Since the aforementioned virtual lines 4, 17 and 18 (Figure 1) and the aforementioned virtual surfaces 29 and 36 (Figure 2) are defined by storing associated coordinates or by interpolation calculations on the basis of functional relationships, they can either be rigidly defined or fixed in the terrain or in space - and the coordinates are in any case constant values referred to the radiator's position in point 2, or they can also have a position that changes over time, by entering corresponding time-variable values

in the warehouse.

The position of the radiator at point 2 can itself change with time, i.e. that the radiator is movable with respect to its coordinates, as also in this case the coordinates of the virtual lines or the virtual surfaces with respect to the now moving point 2 can be constant or time-varying.

Such time changes of the virtual lines and the virtual surfaces make it very difficult to possibly intentionally outsmart the monitoring system, as it cannot be recognized or predicted from the outside either what is the position of the virtual lines and surfaces or the changes in them. Even with previously acquired experience, possibly acquired knowledge regarding the relevant position of virtual lines or surfaces, is worthless for a planned overlisting of the room surveillance, when, as mentioned above, the position parameters for the virtual lines and/or surfaces can be selected in a time-varying manner.

If an object that is detected by measurement beams moves, then by mathematical processing of the measurement values, i.e. the travel times, as they are represented by the measurement beams' distance vectors, not only information can be determined with regard to size and shape, respectively construction and position, but also movement criteria for the object. Such movement criteria relate to the object's speed and acceleration.

Figure 3 shows an exemplary embodiment for measuring an object 4o which is moving, with the help of consecutive measuring beam 41. At the time t = t, the object 40 is hit for the first time by a measuring beam 41-0 in the object's position 40-0. On the basis of the instantaneous distance of the object 40 from the stand in point 2 for the directive beam 100 on the one hand, as calculated from the radiation energy's travel time from the beam to the object 40 and back to the receiver, and on the basis of the structure and working method of the beam at each point in time, especially also for each individual indicateable azimuth angle * and elevation angle ^ which the measuring beams follow, it is possible to calculate the coordinates for the current position of an object hit by a measuring beam.

A vector E^ thus indicates the position 40-0 where the object

-40 is at time t.

In a similar way, a vector E, through its length and its azimuth and elevation angle, indicates the position 40-1 of the object 40 at time t^.

Furthermore, a vector E_ indicates, through its length and its azimuth and elevation angles, the position 40-2 of the object

40 at time t^.

The aforementioned vectors E , E^ and E2 are thus a function of

the time and of the angles * and t .

On the basis of the measuring beams or the vectors, possibly the different positions 40-0, 40-1 and 40-2 that follow a specific object, it is thus possible to determine both the movement, i.e. the path or weight curve and/or the speed, computationally and/or the acceleration as movement criteria for the object 40. The necessary calculations can be carried out continuously by an electronic calculator or computer in a known manner.

On the basis of stored data, however, the course of virtual lines, for example 17 and 18 (see Figure 1), is also defined and can be fed to the computer. It is clear that by suitable programming of the electronic computer it is possible to indicate and, both with regard to time and place, to calculate the crossing of such virtual lines 17, 18 by an object 40,

in the form of the point of intersection between the object's path curve and the virtual line 17 or 18.

In an analogous way, it is also in the case of a geometric or spatial device according to Figure 2 to determine the penetration of virtual surfaces 29 and 36, which represent boundaries for warning areas and protection areas, respectively, by means of computational processing of a number of defined measurement rays that show penetration of one or more objects in these zones, respectively areas. Any presence of measured objects in these zones or areas can also be determined

is struck by computational treatment of the measurement beams in question.

Whereas until now it has been assumed that the object to be measured or detected is relatively small in relation to the focal point or beam spot, i.e. the relevant cross-section of a beam bundle belonging to a measuring beam, i.e. that the object in the event that it was at rest did not would be hit by two or more measuring beams following each other, then it shall

"now it is assumed that it is an object 40 with such larger

dimensions that it is also struck by a plurality of measurement rays whose respective directions are known.

By computationally processing this plurality of measurement beams or the vectors that apply to the relevant object 40, it is possible, by means of corresponding computer programming, not only to derive criteria regarding size, shape and construction, but also regarding movement conditions such as direction, speed, acceleration, periodicity, etc. When comparing such criteria with stored information concerning size, shape, construction, movement conditions, such as direction, speed, acceleration, periodicity, etc. for known objects, it is possible to determine measured objects, respectively identify and for for example refer these to a specific object category.

In general, the method enables the determination of all objects that exceed a virtual line or penetrate a virtual surface, respectively - 3 is located in one of the sub-surfaces mentioned in patent claim 1 or in one of the sub-spaces mentioned there. Distinguishing between unwanted or disturbing objects and accepted objects is a matter of the system's spatial resolution, i.e. of the method and device with respect to these objects as well as the computer's degree of programming. Theoretically, it is possible to achieve 100% separation.

It is thus also possible according to this method and with the device described below, by means of state parameters supplied to the computer and to monitor a surface or an area both with respect to stationary conditions and to changes. Below, it is also possible to assess determined changes with regard to certain points of view or criteria by means of corresponding programming of the computer and to display such possibly trigger an alarm.

It should be noted that determination of the aforementioned vectors and the various aforementioned treatments or assessments and comparison of criteria with stored information represent computational processes that can be taken care of by corresponding programming of known computers, as this programming itself cannot be attributed to patent protection and therefore here shall not be explained further.

Figure 4 shows a schematic elevation for illustration of the height of virtual surfaces with radiation spots that are visualized.

The directive beam 100 sends radiation pulses in a defined time sequence out in changing directions. Figure 4 shows the terrain 1 and the beam bundles 42, 43 and 44 whose respective main beam has an elevation ion angle of ^ ]_» respectively ^°9^ .

In this example, the first virtual surface 29 is formed as a vertically extending surface. Another virtual surface 36 is likewise a vertically extending surface, but with a smaller distance from the radiator 100. On the virtual surfaces, the respective beam bundles 42, 43 and 44 define respective beam spots 45, 46 and 47, 48, 49 respectively. These are in Figure 4 schematically indicated by shaded ellipses whose dimensions depend on the divergence of each beam bundle and on the distance from the directive beam. By means of a controllable vario-optics in the case of a beam 100 working with light pulses, the size of the beam spots can be controlled according to a program embedded in the computer, for example depending on<$>and/or ^ . The size of the beam spot also determines the resolving power, among other things. To achieve sufficient monitoring security, it is therefore advantageous to choose the divergence of the beam beam, the elevation angle V and the azimuth — the angle * for the individual measuring beams and their time sequence so that only negligible position and time gaps occur between the beam spots.

The method can be carried out both with a single directive radiator whose radiation direction can be changed, and with a plurality of directive radiators which radiate in different directions. The different radiation directions can, for example, either take place by means of a movable arrangement of the transmitter itself or by means of movable beam deflection elements assigned to the transmitter.

However, it is also possible to realize a directive beam that is equipped with a beam splitting system after the transmitter for area-wise and/or spatial splitting or splitting of the radiation. With such a system, for example, pulsed electromagnetic radiation, especially light rays, for example infrared radiation, is sent out in different defined directions and radiation reflected from objects or background respectively through one or more analog beam-splitting systems, supplied with at least one receiver and processed further. The reflected radiation is thus preferably received spatially selectively.

If the transmission occurs in different directions in time one after the other, the corresponding reflected radiation contributions are likewise received one after the other and processed individually. There is thus a transmission channel for sending out the radiation and a receiver channel for space-selective capture of the reflected radiation and forwarding this to the receiver, which channels are preferably disconnected in

keep to each other to avoid direct transfer of emitted radiation from the transmitter channel to the receiver channel. This must be attempted due to the large difference in signal level in the two channels, so that the receiver is protected against oversteer.

For special purposes, e.g. monitoring of several discrete surfaces using only one transmitter and receiver, it is advantageous to emit radiation pulses in groups according to a specific program in different directions and correspondingly to receive the respective reflections from the mentioned directions in groups and furthermore to process these in groups .

If radiation pulses are sent out in groups in different directions and received in groups from these directions, it is not necessary to process each signal from the respective directions individually. Namely, if there is a change in the reflection conditions in the beam splitting area, for example due to an intruding object, i.e. reflection of at least one of the split beams in a different place than before, then it also occurs when a whole group of signals is jointly processed in the resulting summing signal,

a change. Such a change in the summation signal in relation to the undisturbed state can be used as a criterion for an alarm to be triggered. If at least two beam-splitting systems are used, each of which has a surface-wise division of the radiation into different surfaces that are also shifted in space, then an object that penetrates through at least two surfaces will cause changes in the reception signals that are time-shifted, whereby the direction of movement of an penetrating object can is determined by processing the time difference and the order of

the change in the output signal in the two systems, dg this can be used as another criterion for direction-dependent alarm triggering.

The method is in principle usable for any pulse-shaped radiated energy, for example ultrasound energy, but especially also for electromagnetic energy. Preferably, pulse-shaped laser radiation is suitable and especially such radiation in the range of invisible light, for example in the infrared range.

In a given application case, it may for example prove advantageous to achieve the most gap-free coverage of a virtual surface with beam spots, advantageously to control the beam size or cross-section depending on the respective directions.

Especially with regard to mastering the dynamics of the receiver system, i.e. error-free processing of both very weak and very strong signals, in a given case it may also prove appropriate to control the transmitter power and/or receiver sensitivity depending on the direction of radiation .

However, it is also possible for this purpose to control the transmitter effect and/or the receiver sensitivity depending on the size of the measuring beam or the distance vectors and/or the intensity of the reflection.

The method can also be further carried out so that not only the distance vectors but also the intensity of the radiation that is reflected to the receiver is utilized or processed. For example, in this way it is possible to recognize certain objects as a result of their higher reflectivity in relation to other objects and/or in relation to the background. The correspondingly obtained measurement data resulting from their distance vectors on the basis of additional processing of the higher intensity of reflected radiation supplied to the receiver can be processed separately or judged separately. Thereby, it is also possible to achieve a significant data reduction when the computer and the storage are only to be supplied with such a number of data that are particularly interesting due to the higher intensity that the reflection has at least occasionally.

The processing of receiver vectors is thus limited, for example, with respect to the position of the reflection and/or movement conditions of the relevant object only to a desired

-selection of the object.

This selection can take place, for example, by arranging a known per se threshold value device in the receiver channel and/or with the help of the intention that the minimum temporary reduction of the transmitter power for the directive rays and/or of the receiver the sensitivity in relation to normal operation.

To locate certain points in the terrain or in the area, for example selected points that determine virtual lines and/or surfaces, it is also possible on relevant places in the terrain or the area from time to time to arrange particularly strongly reflective objects, for example so-called retro-reflectors. These can be measured as mentioned above and selected on the basis of the higher reflectivity with associated distance vectors as well as storage of the thereby determined coordinates for the position of these particularly highly reflective objects in order to determine virtual lines and/or surfaces.

However, it is also possible to use the method in connection with traffic monitoring. For example, a virtual line or virtual surface can be laid across a roadway and exceeding or penetrating this virtual line or virtual surface can be detected, processed and, for example, used as a basis for counting or registration.

The method can be used for many different tasks in traffic monitoring, such as for traffic counting, traffic assessment, for example 'queuing on motorways, management of traffic regulation facilities, management of parking facilities for monitoring vehicles if the driver has violated a traffic signa1, for example a red light.

In general, it can also be noted that the method is suitable for monitoring a surface or an area both with respect to stationary conditions and to a changed state, under which both the fact that the state remains unchanged and any changes are assessed and/or demonstrated. It can also be, for example, an object in the form of a landslide-prone mountain section, a building, for example a retaining wall or a power plant dam, a bridge, etc., which is continuously or occasionally monitored with regard to its condition. If unacceptable changes occur, this can be detected, registered or reported using an alarm.

For the solution of these special tasks, it is advantageous to determine at least one virtual line or virtual surface at least approximately on the surface of the object being monitored, for example a building. Changes will then, for example, have the effect that the smallest part of the surface of the object being monitored or of the building penetrates into another sub-surface or another sub-space. This is shown using a corresponding output signal from the computer, so that an alarm can possibly be triggered.

Figure 5 shows a first implementation example of a directive

rays seen in average.

In Figure 5, the reference number 100 denotes the directive beam as a whole, i.e. that it does not only include the transmitter part but also the receiver part as well as the associated auxiliary devices.

The radiator 100 has a lower part 101 which is attached to the stand 2 (figure 1, figure 2, figure 3). On the lower part 101, above a needle bearing 102, an upper part 103 is mounted rotatably about a fixed shaft 104.

A drive device 105 arranged in the lower part 101 drives over a hollow shaft 106 and a coupling not shown in Figure 5, the upper part 103 which rotates at, for example, twelve revolutions per minute. second about the axis 104.

A rotation or angle encoder 107 has on one side

a donor disk 108 which is rigidly connected to the lower part 101 above the shaft 104, i.e. that the disk 108 is stationary in relation to

. subsection 101, and on the other hand as merely indicated in FIG

5 sensors 110 which are connected to the housing 109 of the angle sensor 107.

Since the donor housing 109 is rigidly connected to the upper part 103 of it. directive rays 100, it rotates together with the sensors 110

about the shaft 104, and thus moves in relation to the lower part 101 and the disc 108 which is rigidly connected to it.

With the help of the angle sensor 107 and its sensors 110, the instantaneous relative rotational direction is thus

of the upper part 103 transferable as a measurement value from the sensors 110 via slip rings 111 with connected wires to a computer.

In the rotatable upper part 103, further components are built in that are necessary for the radiator 100. A pulse transmitter 112, for example a laser diode transmitter, is arranged to deliver pulsed infrared radiation, which is illustrated in Figure 5 by a divergent transmission light bundle 113, which is sent through a first optical element 114, for example a parabolic mirror 114 and here a cylindrical, essentially circular cross-section in the form of a horizontal beam bundle 115 parallel to the imaging beam, towards a movable beam deflection

body 116, for example against the underside of a double-sided mirror pivoting mirror 116.

The beam deflection member 116 can be pivoted about an axis 117

which has an inclined position of 45° in relation to the horizontal, as a function of time and more precisely defined angular sizes in the direction of the shown double arrow 118. For this purpose, it has a pivoting device 119 rigidly fixed in the upper part 103. In order to reduce the moment of inertia of the movable beam deflection means 116, it is also advantageous to give the swing mirror an elliptical shape whose major axis lies in the direction of the axis 117 and whose minor axis lies across this in the plane of the swing mirror. This precaution makes it easier to achieve a high deflection frequency.

From the beam deflection device 116, in the present case from the underside of the swing mirror, the parallel beam bundle 115 is thrown downwards towards a deflection mirror 120 which is rigidly connected to the upper part 103 and constitutes another optical element which is inclined at 45° in relation to the horizontal, and whose surface is turned by 90° in relation to the zero position of the beam deflector 116 (swing mirror) surface. The deflection mirror 120 casts the light supplied to it from the beam deflection device 116 in a horizontal direction (ie perpendicular to the drawing plane for figure 5) as a measuring beam outwards. This measurement beam is shown in Figure 5 as a small circle with a center point in the deflection mirror 120. The measurement beam exits through a window in the upper part 103, not shown in Figure 5. If the beam deflection member 116 is swung as described, the beam deflected by the deflection mirror 120 is swung downwards in relation to the upper part of the radiator in a vertical plane. However, when, as described, the upper part 103 and thus also the first optical element (the parabolic mirror 114), the beam deflection member 116 and the second optical element (deflection mirror 120) rotate together with the upper part 103, the aforementioned vertical plane of the transmitted light that emerges from the upper part through a window, likewise about the shaft 104.

By means of the timing of the transmission light pulse and the associated angular position of the upper part 103, the instantaneous azimuth angle $ is therefore precisely given and defined respectively,

and by means of the momentary pivoting position of the pivoting mirror in the beam deflection device 116, the momentary elevation angle ^ is precisely given or defined for each individual measuring beam from the directive beams.

As the first optical element 114, instead of a parabolic mirror, a so-called vario optic with a deflection mirror can also be used which allows a controlled variation in the concentration of the transmitted light bundle 113 and thereby also of the measuring beam that is thrown out.

Light reflected from outside which is due to the measuring beam enters through another window not shown in Figure 5 into the upper part 103 towards another deflection mirror 121 which is inclined at 45° in relation to the horizontal. In Figure 5, the receiving light beam is illustrated on the deflection mirror 121 as a circle with a cross in it. From the second deflection mirror 121, the receiving light beam falls vertically downwards towards the upper side of the two-sided mirroring beam deflector 116 (swing mirror) and from there over another parabolic mirror 122 as convergent receiving beam bundle 123 preferably for suppression of extraneous light through a narrowband interference filter 124 to a receiver 125. The receiver 125 converts the received radiation into electrical signals which are processed in a computer.

In the directive beam 100, for example, in the upper part 103, the associated auxiliary devices, such as power supply parts, control and regulation units for the operation 105 and the turning device 119 as well as the computer components are placed. This is illustrated in figure 5 by means of a series of symbolically shown electronic circuit boards 126.

The directive beams are supplied with electrical energy via wires 127, for example from an alternating current network or from a battery. Over other lines 128, the radiator 100 indicates the output signals processed by it, for example in coded form. These output signals can be displayed in a manner known per se, for example as status messages and/or alarm messages.

Furthermore, it should be mentioned that the measurement beams 41 (figures 2, 3) and 42, 43, 44 (figure 4) which are delivered by the beamer 100 corresponding to the pulse follower frequency of the pulse transmitter 112, produce focal points or beam spots 45, 46, 47, 48, 49 (figure 4) in the area of the virtual lines or virtual surfaces 29, 36 (figure 3). In this connection, it is advantageous on the one hand to choose to respectively control the size of these beam spots and on the other hand the pulse-following frequency of the pulse transmitter 112, in such a way that these beam spots follow each other and during successive rotations (rotation of the emitter i00) and at using changeable vertical deflection of the measuring beam (beam deflection device 116) provides the most gap-free coverage of the selected virtual surfaces. If a light transmitter (also infrared) is used as pulse transmitter 112, it is advantageous to regulate the size of the beam spots by means of an associated regulation and control unit, for example along the first virtual surface depending on its distance from the directive beam 100.

Figure 6 shows a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment

of a device for carrying out the method.

The pulse transmitter 112 emits laser pulses in the infrared range whose pulse follower frequency is controlled by the regulation and control unit 130 over a line 131. The transmission pulses from the pulse transmitter 112

passes through a vario optic 132 whose focusing is controlled by the regulation and control units 130 via a control line 133. The transmitting pulses are then deflected by the beam deflection device 116

depending on its momentary position and added to the deflection mirror 120. The deflection mirror 120 deflects the transmission pulses as measurement beam 40 in a direction defined by the momentary angular position of the beam 100 and the momentary swing position of the beam deflection member 116 in azimuth and elevation ^ . The resulting beam of transmitted light is focused in accordance with the momentary setting of the vario optics 132.

The regulation and control unit 130 controls the correct position of the beam deflector on the basis of information supplied from the angle sensor 107 over a wire 134 and from the beam deflector 116 over a wire 135 as well as from a central processor 200 over a wire 136V, - to direct the measuring beam 40 precisely in a defined direction , . To improve this control process, a line 136 supplies information about the actual position of this beam deflection device to the control and regulation unit 130.

The reception light 40 which is reflected from the background in the terrain 1 (figure 1), the room or area 22 (figure 2) or of an object 40 (figures 2, 3) which is being monitored, passes over the second deflection mirror 121, the beam deflector 116 and the second parabolic mirror 122 through the narrowband interference filter 124 to the receiver 125. Through the chosen arrangement (figure 5) of the directive rays 100 it is ensured that the receiver device at the parts 121, 116, 122, 124 and 125 is always directed exactly in accordance with the emitted measurement beam 40.

In order for the method specified in the patent claims to be carried out with the directive beam 100, this contains a computer 400 consisting of the central processor 200 and a satellite machine 300, and a group 500 of auxiliary devices assigned to the computer 400.

The central processor 200 has a first input/output unit 201 and a second input/output unit 202 and also a central unit 203, a program store 204, a first write-read store 205 with optional or random access and another write-read store 206 with random access, all of which are connected can possibly be brought into connection with each other in a manner known per se over a first data bus 207.

The satellite machine 300 has an input/output unit 301

and also a central unit 302, a program store 303 and a write-read store 304 with random access, all of which are or can be brought into connection with each other in a manner known per se over another data bus 305.

The central processor 200, respectively its data bus 207 and satellite machine 300, respectively its data bus 305 are assigned to a common data bus control unit 401.

Between the first data bus 207 in the central processor 200 and the second data bus 305 in the satellite computer 300, a transceiver 40 2 is arranged for the traffic between the two data buses 207 and 305, respectively between the central processor 200 and the satellite computer 300.

The following auxiliary devices are assigned to the computer "400: A contemporary clock 403 which is arranged both to be the time and frequency base for the angle encoder 107 and the control and regulation unit 130, as well as for controlling the aforementioned computer, power supply devices 404 with associated control unit 405, an input unit 406 both for switching on and off the directive beams 100 and for selecting the desired operating state. The connection of the drive device 105 also takes place via this input unit 406. As a further auxiliary device, an output unit 407 is arranged for the release of information derived with the help of the directive beams 100, i.e. for example condition notification for the terrain or space or area that is being monitored, determination of respectively notification of specific changes, coordinates and further information regarding detected objects, alarm signals etc. Such information can preferably be transmitted using coded signals which are suitable for use referred to per se known display devices and/or alarm devices.

For a device according to the embodiment example described above, its mode of operation will now be explained with reference to figures 5 and 6, as well as the further figures 7 and 8 in a specific application case.

Figure 7 schematically shows the course of the measuring beams when determining certain virtual surfaces. The sketch in figure 7 represents the conditions in a vertical plane with azimuth through the axis of the directive beam 100, where for a first introduction of coordinates for a first virtual surface I at the height h a retroreflector 501 is occasionally arranged. A measuring beam 502 hits the retroreflector 501 and includes an elevation angle The distance from the radiator 100 to the reflector 501 in the first virtual surface I in the direction of the measuring beam 502 is Eq. If the retroreflector 501 is now removed again, a measuring beam in the aforementioned vertical plane and with an elevation angle of ^^ can hit the terrain 1. This gives the impact point 502 a distance vector that is a distance AEq longer

whereby E + ZlE = E, .

o etc

Another virtual surface II is now determined using the impact point 503. In the same vertical plane where the measuring beam 502 ran, another measuring beam 504 can now be emitted with an elevation angle difference A<V> This other measuring beam 504 hits the terrain 1 in another hit point 505. With the help of these other hit points, the position of a third virtual surface III is now also determined. As can be seen from figure 7, the relation E2= E1+ Ae applies. In an analogous way, with the help of a measuring beam 506 which proceeds with a higher elevation angle difference A<l>l'2, a hit point 507 is formed in the terrain 1, which makes it is possible to determine a fourth virtual surface IV. Here, too, it applies in an analogous way that the distance vector E^= E2 + AE2.

Note that through the elevation angle differences Af^ and Af2 the distance differences Ae^ and Ae2 between the second and third as well as between the third and fourth virtual surfaces are determined. Moreover, the height h and the difference AEq respectively determine the elevation angle Y, the horizontal distance A between the second virtual surface II and the first virtual surface I or the retroreflector 501.

In the present case, it is assumed that the virtual surfaces I, II, III and IV extend vertically. If the virtual surfaces are chosen spherical with the directive ray 100 as the centre, then there would be simplifications in the calculations as the distance vectors for all points on such a surface are equal.

Figure 8 shows a schematic diagram of the course of the measuring beam when determining certain virtual surfaces. The measurement beam that exits from the radiator 100 under azimuth angles <J>^, $2, $2 and $4 respectively under elevation angles T-^, V^ +A'l'^and + AV^+ Af2, on the one hand occasionally hits retroreflectors 501, 508, 509 and 510 lined up in terrain 1 and on

on the other hand, hit points 503, 505 and 507 in terrain 1 when they run in the vertical plane corresponding to an azimuth If, however, the measuring beams run in the vertical plane corresponding to azimuth $2, then they hit hit points 511, 512 and 513 depending on their elevation angle. When the measurement beams in the vertical plane corresponding to azimuth <i>3, depending on the elevation angle, impact points 514, 515 and 516 will appear. .

The impact points 503, 511, 514 and 517 thus determine a virtual line 520 in the terrain 1, which line in this case represents the projection of an assumed vertical virtual surface II. In the same way, the meeting points 505, 512, 515 and 518 determine another virtual line 521 in the terrain 1, which represents the projection of the assumed vertical second virtual surface III in this case. Finally, the meeting points 507, 513, 516 and 519 determine a further virtual line 522 in the terrain 1 which constitutes the projection of a further in this case assumed vertical virtual surface IV.

It is thus clear that by means of the temporary or temporary arrangement of retroreflectors it is possible in a simple way with the radiator 100 to determine the necessary coordinate values for determining virtual lines (503, 505, 507, figures 7 and 8) respectively for determination of virtual surfaces (I, II, III, IV, figure 7, figure 8). By corresponding programming of the central processor 200 (Figure 6), the coordinate values determined in this way can be stored and processed or assessed.

However, it is also possible as a starting point for determining the virtual lines and virtual surfaces to freely determine a first virtual line 523 in the terrain 1 et seq. starting from this virtual line 523 to determine other virtual lines with respective freely chosen fixed distances.

The coordinate values that appear in this way can then, for example, be manually entered into the computer through the input unit 301. Depending on the topographical conditions in an application, the first or another mentioned method for establishing the virtual lines and surfaces is most advantageous.

Preferably, the line 523 can also be assumed to be equidistant

in relation to a previously determined virtual line 520 by means of retroreflectors (501, 508, 509, 510) and impact points 503, 511, 514, 517. Below, this line 523 can preferably be placed at such a distance from the virtual line 520 that corresponds minimum among the distances from the retroreflectors 501, 508, 509, 510 to the associated impact points 503, 511, 514, 517. Such a method simplifies the rain operations to be carried out in the computer 400.

In the case of a device according to the embodiment described above, the working method is as follows: With the help of the input unit 406, the device is put into operation. Below, the input unit takes care of several tasks and initiates different measures, namely: 1. Switching on the power supply 404 and the drive device 105.

2. Determining the distance between two virtual surfaces.

3. Recording or recording (once) the coordinates of a virtual surface.

4. Normal operation.

5. Switching off the device.

1.1 When switched on, the central processor becomes 200 at the same time

and the satellite machine 300 brought into a defined starting position.

2 .'1 The determination of the distance between the two virtual surfaces can, in connection with point 1.1, be done by hand. Thereby, the constants are introduced into the first write-read storage 205 in the central processor 200, in order to distinguish the virtual surfaces from each other. Below are, for example, three virtual surfaces connected by means of two constant angles. 3.1 A command further introduced in the input unit 406: "Recording the virtual surface" activates the program sequence which for this purpose is stored in the central processor's program storage 204. During this, the satellite machine 300 remains in its initial state. The device now performs the following work steps: 3.1.1 The receiver 125 is set to the lowest sensitivity level.

3.1.2 The entire space that can be covered by the directive beam 100 is scanned without hatches, i.e. over the entire azimuth

and the elevation area.

3.1.3 Scan lines are traversed with maximum

radiation spots.

3.1.4 Recording and storage of characteristic values for selected locations or positions that give increased intensity of the reception light due to increased reflectivity, for example from a retroreflector temporarily placed on the site. End of the first admission phase.

3.1.5 Arithmetically comparing Ise of the values (the coordinate)

which is obtained under point 3.1.4 to a function E ($,¥). This function is now equipment-specific with regard to a defined task and the directive beam's installation position. The function E ) is stored in the first write-read memory 204 in the central processor 200 and remains unchanged throughout the operation time.

3.1.6 Continuation of the partial function values E ( * ,

¥) from the central processor 200 to the control and regulation unit 130 together with the constant angles A ^ for the distance of the virtual surfaces (see previous point 2.1) for controlling the beam deflection means 116. In addition, the control and regulation unit 130 is supplied with a constant pulse frequency (the pulse transmitter 112).

3.1.7 Beginning of the second recording phase to produce the ER value for the distance to the individual arranged virtual surfaces; from the ER value for the virtual surface II (Figure 8), the corresponding SKAL value for the virtual surface I (Figure 7, Figure 8) is derived by subtraction of the value A (Figure 7).

These values are stored in the first write-read storage 205 in the central processor 200 and remain constant throughout the operation time.

The ER value for the distance to the outer virtual surfaces III, IV (figure 7, figure 8) is calculated from the corresponding ER values for the next inner virtual surfaces. The resulting difference values A E are together with the distance ER values stored as an ER function in the first write-read memory 205 in the central processor 200 and represent the SKAL value for a scanning cycle. All SKAL values are stored in the first write-read memory 205 in chronological order.

3.1.8 Deletion of the characteristic values listed below

the preceding point 3.1.4.

4.1 After the device has prepared SKAL values in the manner described above, it is with the program in the program storage 204 in the central processor 200 and with

the program in the program storage 303 in the satellite machine 300 is able to record and carry out normal operation for the monitoring. This usually occurs by means of a control command over the input unit 406 to the central processor 200 and the satellite machine 300.

The programs stored in the program storage 204 have been developed for the special application purpose of the device. It contains, in the case of the central processor 200, in addition to the method steps that serve to occupy the virtual surfaces,

the steps that serve to enter or store the distance measurement values to be printed, their comparison with stored SKAL values to obtain the differences to be entered and output of stored SKAL values for defined angle sizes in the direction shown by the double arrow 118 for the beam deflector 116 (figure 5) as well as for the angle sensor 107 (figure 5) and for the introduction into the regulation and control unit 130 (figure 6).

In the provided exemplary embodiment, the switching from the aforementioned precautions (step) 3 to precaution (step) 4 takes place automatically after completion of the precautions (steps) 1 to 3 and determination of the mode of operation (vertical or horizontal orientation of the axis of rotation of the directive beam 100), which involves different programs for the processing of measured values.

The cooperation between the computer 400 and the directive beams, respectively as a result of the controlled turning movement of the beam 100 and the controlled swinging movement of the beam deflection means 116, the device undergoes the function E (* ,^ ) and this happens several times depending on the number of virtual surfaces

As the radiator 100 only rotates at an approximately constant angular speed, while on the other hand the angular scanning must take place with the highest possible accuracy, the emission of radiation pulses from the pulses 112 (figure 5, figure 6) is controlled as such by means of instantaneous values for the angle sensor 107 above regulatory

and the control unit 130 that the pulse frequency is admittedly no longer a constant frequency, but the individual pulses are emitted in respective angular positions assigned to them. The correction necessary for this is made on the basis of the information stored in the write-read stores 205 and 206 in the central

the processor 200 through the regulation and control unit 130.

From each reception pulse produced by reflection, a distance ER value is formed and this is stored in the write-read storage 205 (Figure 6) "on-line", i.e. by step-switching. In connection with this, the distance SCAL value entered in the write-read memory 205, which has the same azimuth

$ , but corresponds to an inner virtual surface or the elevation ^ . , subtracted from the distance ER value. The resulting ER difference AE = f ( $ , V ) is now compared with the SKAL difference stored in the write-read storage 205. In the event that the SKAL/ER value difference is not equal to zero, the ER- the value difference introduced as a new SKAL value difference in the write-read storage 205 and also in the write-read storage 206. The SKAL value distance in the write-read storage 205 for the virtual surfaces - up to the value for the virtual surface I (Figure 7) - is likewise replaced with the ER value distance and thus constitutes the SKAL value for the next scanning cycle.

In the case of an unchanged periphery, the SCAL/ER value difference is normally equal to zero, i.e. no new values are entered into the store.

As soon as an object enters the periphery or the virtual surface, this difference becomes greater than zero and thus entered in the way described above in the write-read stores 205 and 206.

The satellite machine 300 (figure 6) obtains with the help of the data management unit 401 via transmitter/receiver 402 the time and position coded differences Ae - f (1<>>, ) and depending on the circumstances also the function values E ( (I) ) from the read-write storage 206 for the central processor 200 and store these in its read-write storage 304.

The central processor 200 has prioritized so that the satellite machine 300 can only obtain data when the central processor 200 has a break.

In the satellite machine's program storage 303, there are criteria for eliminating false alarms due to unimportant influences, as well as for testing the device. Unimportant influences include, for example, birds, leaves, snow, small animals that move, balls and the like. On the other hand, significant influences are, for example, intruders. The satellite machine 300 has a separate input/output unit 301 connected to the output unit 407 and to the contemporary clock 403. It takes over the control of the electrical and mechanical state of the device via the corresponding control lines. The differences processed in accordance with positional and temporal relationships trigger, according to comparison criteria from the program storage 303, a pre-alarm or alarm, which the satellite machine 300

passes on to the output unit 407.

All differences which are stored by the satellite machine 300 in its write-read storage 304 are deleted after the expiry of a certain period of time which is derived from the contemporary clock 403, after entering the most recent difference. This process is repeated periodically after each expiry of this period.

With the selected type of processing in the central processor 200 together with the latter precautions in the satellite machine 300, it becomes possible that, for example, when placing the radiator 100 on a building, it is achieved that the device, for example, when placing the radiator 100 on a building and when monitoring the surroundings, will react just as little to buildings standing in the beamer's working area as to a growing snow cover.. The latter is exclusively detected by the distances between the outer virtual surfaces becoming constant, while the difference between the virtual surfaces I and II (figure 7, figure 8) changes. When there is fog, the differences between the outer virtual surfaces change proportionally in time, respectively one after the other, as this comes last for the innermost virtual surfaces. Fuglerbg loose leaves that should not trigger any alarm are eliminated by the (last) difference between the last and the penultimate flat becoming , and the penultimate difference remaining unchanged. Since the satellite machine 300 always immediately scans the differences from the write-read storage 206 and thereby deletes this, this write-read storage 206 can be kept small.

In addition to the introduction of distance measurement values and comparison with SKAL values, from which differences emerge that must also be stored, the central processor 200 has the task of making available to the regulation and control unit 130 angle data for the angle encoder 107 and the beam deflection device 116 , which angle data belongs to that value

.regarding the control unit's release time that follows it

incoming distance measurement value. The regulation and control unit 130 determines with the help of the values from the angle sensor 107 in the control loop the time at which the beam deflection member 116 must occupy the position indicated by the central processor 200, at which also the angle sensor and the rotatable upper part 103 (figure 5) must also occupy the position where the radiation pulse for obtaining the next distance measurement value is generated. The exact correlation in time and position

(direction) of the radiation pulses is decisive for the reproduction of the distance measurement values that occur at the periphery. This happens to avoid undefined differences.

If optical, for example, infrared radiation pulses are used for the radiation pulses, then the pulses 112 (figure 6) can be provided with a vario optic 132 (figure 6) and the focal length of this can be controlled by the regulation and control unit 130 depending on the distance measurement values.

5. Switching off the device

One distinguishes between two cases, namely

5.1 Disconnection during operation or activation time.

In this case, the power supply to the computer 400 remains maintained, while the peripheral units with measuring and regulation parts are separated from the power supply.

5.2 Switching off the device in general.

All units are disconnected from the power supply, i.e. brought to a de-energized state.

A further design example will now be explained with reference to figures 9, 10, 11 and 12. Here, figure 9 shows a device with a beam splitting system.

In Figure 9, the reference numerals 600 represent the beam splitting system as a whole, which is adapted to use the invention for monitoring discrete surfaces, for example a door opening 601 or a window opening 602 in a building 603.

The beam splitting system 600 is connected on one side to a pulse transmitter 112 and on the other side to a receiver 125. Above a transmitter coupling means 604, for example a first lens device for connecting a laser diode in the pulse transmitter 112 to glass fibers in a transmitter conductor system 605 consisting of one or several glass fiber bundles which preferably have different lengths, the transmission energy is supplied through the individual fibers in each glass fiber bundle to each transmission lens 606 in a beam splitter .607, and from these lenses radiated in different directions as transmission beams 608 in a plane parallel to the door plane. The transmitting rays 608 which appear in this way are directed towards the door frame and are - provided the door opening is free - reflected from the frame. Receiving lenses 609 in a beam collector 610 take in receiving rays 611 which run opposite to the transmitting rays and are assigned certain of these, corresponding to more or less diffuse reflections, and conduct the receiving energy over the individual fibers in a glass fiber bundle in a receiving conductor system 612 over another lens system in a receiver connector 613 to the receiver 125.

Figure 9a shows details of the preferably structurally assembled beam splitter 607 and beam collector 609. The lenses 606 and 609 can also preferably be structurally united with the respective ends of the associated glass fibers in a manner known per se.

The beam splitting system 600 extends from the pulse transmitter 112 to the flats 601, 602 and possibly further flats and back to the receiver 125. Preferably, the glass fiber bundles belonging to the transmitting conductor system 605 and to the receiving conductor system 612 are arranged under optical decoupling in a common channel, for example a pipe and protected against damage, for example in the interior of the building 1.

In order to produce direction-dependent information regarding the object that penetrates through the surfaces being monitored, monitoring can take place in spatially adjacent surfaces,

to achieve time differences in the penetration of the surfaces. Preferably, then, the respective associated beam splitters 607 and beam collectors 610 are arranged in neighboring corners of the surfaces 601 and 602 to be monitored.

The further embodiment described above allows a substantially simplified system structure due to the fact that moving parts have been eliminated, and in particular the structure of the computer is substantially simplified compared to that in the embodiment according to Figure 6.

Figure 10 shows a block diagram for the described embodiment with a beam splitting system 600. The pulse transmitter 112 emits transmission beams 608 over the beam splitting system shown here only schematically on one side 600. Receiving beams 612 are fed to the receiver 125 on the other side

of the beam splitting system 600. In an analogous manner to what is shown in Figure 6, a computer 400<*> is arranged for controlling the pulse transmitter 112 and for processing the output signals from the receiver 125.

From the travel times of the transmission pulses from the output of the transmitter 112 to reception of the signals represented by the reception beams, distance vectors can again be formed, during which it must be taken into account that both the travel times in the beam splitting system 600 and the travel times in free space at the surfaces to be monitored , are included in the distance vectors E under this design example, respectively must be processed computationally.

The individual blocks in Figure 10 correspond to the blocks in Figure 6 which are denoted by the same reference number.

In the present further embodiment, the irradiated or reflective parts of the door frame, respectively the window frame, in the context of patent claim 1, each constitute a virtual line or surface, through which the surface (door opening) defined by the beam directions from the beam splitter 607 is limited radiation-wise. Monitoring is therefore limited to the surface area that lies within this framework, which constitutes the actual protective surface or the actual protective space.

If, as mentioned, the walking times and thus the reception vectors are calculated, for example, from the transmitter output, then it appears from Figure 9 that each monitored surface, i.e. surfaces 601 and 602

and possibly others, can be assigned to a completely specific area which appears respectively from the sum of the travel time from the transmitter 112 to the beam splitter 607 plus the travel time for the transmitting beams. The shortest transmission beam at the opening 601 appears when. an interfering object is located immediately at the beam splitter 607, as the associated travel time is in any case the shortest or smallest value that can be determined in connection with the opening 601, and thereby the shortest distance vector appears here. The longest travel time and thus the largest distance vector occurs at the opening 601 in the form of a diagonally extending transmission beam 608 and reception beam 611 respectively.

By periodically measuring h<y>er openings 601, 602 and possibly others, it is therefore possible to continuously form defined reception vectors and to store these. When an object penetrates one of the surfaces (openings) thus monitored, at least one distance vector is changed in relation to the relevant surface (opening) and direction or directions previously formed and temporarily stored distance vector. Such a change will, due to the belonging to the areas of distance vectors (walking times) assigned to the respective surface (opening), also consequently be assigned to a specific surface (opening).

This results not only in the possibility of alarming

an intrusion with regard to time, but at the same time a presentation with regard to place or section (surface, opening 601, 602, etc.) for intrusion.

Figure 11 schematically shows the serial treatment of the distance vectors E that appear with a device according to figures 9 and 10. As mentioned, the distance vectors E correspond to the associated walking times, and for this reason, in figure 1a both the time t and the distance E are indicated along the ordinate.

The abscissa axis X indicates the monitoring location and is thereby

laid so that it corresponds to a time t, for example the time of the emission of the transmitting beams from the beam splitter 607 which is closest to the transmitter 112.

In Figure 1a, three groups are drawn which each have five distance vectors, the first group being assigned an opening 601, the second an opening 602 and the third a further opening 614.

The distance vectors that are recorded ending in a point apply to the normal condition, i.e. that there is no intruding object in the opening.

The distance vectors that are drawn ending in a cross apply to the case that there is an object 615 that penetrates.

These conditions are illustrated in figures 11b, 11c, 11b and 11b

lie.

From Figure 11 it is clear without difficulty that the travel time range t4 to t5 in the undisturbed case applies to the opening 601, that the travel time range t& to t7 in the undisturbed case applies to the opening 602 and that the travel time range tQ to tg applies

opening 614.

If there is an intruding object 615, for example

at the opening 601, there is an earlier reflection on the object 615 instead of on the frame around the opening 601, which leads to shorter walking times t^, t and t^ as well as shorter distance vectors, such as the drawn, dashed and finished with a cross on figure lia.

When comparing the shortened distance vectors

with the normal vectors (solid lines) assigned to the same opening 601, the time and the place, possibly the opening 601, where the intrusion takes place appear.

These are computational processes that can be provided automatically by corresponding programming of the computer 400 (figure 10). Below, all individual distance vectors are processed, in series.

In a simplified way, the penetration of an object can also be determined by group processing of the distance vectors. This is explained with the help of figure 12. If one uses an electro-optical distance meter of a known manner (see for example German published patent application 2 634 627) as receiver 125, then by suitable dimensioning of an input swing circuit in front of each entire group assigned an opening 601, 602 or 614, receive signals are applied together, so that a group processing or evaluation of the distance vectors takes place. This results in only one reception vector for each group or opening. With reference to the conditions according to figure 11, one recognizes for the undisturbed case each time a common distance vector E 601 respectively E 602 respectively E 614 illustrated in figure 12 by solid lines with a point as termination.

If an object 615 appears in the opening 601, the associated distance vector is shortened, see in Figure 12a the dashed line that ends with a cross E 601 . That this shorter distance vector occurs is a sign of penetration of the object 615 into the opening 601.

Claims (1)

1. Procedure for area monitoring using pulsed directive radiation, characterized by the fact that by determining certain points (6-16, 23-28) in the area is defined as at least a virtual line (4, 17, 18) or virtual surface (29, 36), which divides a surface (1) into sub-surfaces (19, 20, 21) or an area (22) into parts -areas (37, 38, 39), that each such partial surface (19, 20, 21) or each such partial area (37, 38, 39) is assigned a specific meaning, and that by means of measuring beams (41) which have a point-shaped extent on the virtual line or surface or on an object (40) to be detected, directly or indirectly at least one parameter for the identification of at least one object (40) is determined, which measuring beams are emitted in defined directions. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the coordinates of the virtual line or lines (4, 17, 18) or virtual surfaces (29, 36) are time-varying in relation to a fixed absolute reference point (2). 3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the coordinates of the virtual line or lines (4, 17, 18) or virtual surfaces (29, 36) are time-varying in relation to a moving relative reference point (2). 4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the associated coordinates are stored at least for a part of the determined points. 5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that for at least one point which is not itself defined by stored coordinates, corresponding coordinates are determined for this on the basis of a functional relationship. 6. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that distance vectors for the detected object are derived and stored by utilizing distance information obtained with measuring beams or in the absence of such information for. as a measurement beam, movement criteria for the object are determined. 7. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that criteria for the object's size and/or shape are determined based on distance vectors for the detected object obtained and stored by utilizing distance information obtained with measuring beams or in the absence of such information with at least one measuring beam. 8. Method according to claim 1 or one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the intensity of reflected measurement beams is used as a criterion for recognition of specific objects. 9. Method according to claims 1 or 6 or 7 or 8, characterized in that additional criteria for recognition of certain objects are obtained by combined utilization of at least part of the criteria that emerge with the help of the provisions in claims 6, 7 or 8. 10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that additional criteria for recognition of specific objects are produced by comparing the mentioned additional criteria with stored information. 11. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the aforementioned stored information characterizes the movement conditions and/or the size and/or the shape and/or the nature of certain objects. 12. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims/characterized in that, with the help of the aforementioned utilization and comparison with stored information, criteria are determined and signaled regarding residence and/or intrusion in one of the mentioned sub-surfaces or in one of the aforementioned sub-spaces, of objects defined by stored information. 13. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the comparison and processing of quantities derived from the distance vectors, with SKAL values from a storage unit takes place with the help of a computer, taking into account the time order of the measurement values, in order to determine and identify objects that has penetrated into the warning and/or protection area, and/or to trigger a pre-alarm or a main alarm. 14. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that upon determined intrusion of at least one defined object, defense measures are independently triggered. 15. Method according to claim 14, characterized in that the defense measures are triggered in a targeted manner with regard to the location and/or movement of the object or objects that have penetrated. 16. Method according to claim 1 or one of claims 2 to 15, characterized in that the directive radiation occurs in different directions by means of a movable device of a transmitter itself and/or movable beam deflection elements assigned to the transmitter. 17. Method according to claim 1 or one of claims 2 to 15, characterized in that the directive radiation occurs in different directions by means of a plurality of transmitters or transmitter elements that radiate in different directions. 18. Method according to claim 1 or one of claims 2 to 15, characterized in that the directive radiation in different directions takes place by means of at least one transmitter with at least one beam splitting system for area-wise and/or spatial division of the radiation. 19. Method according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the radiation pulses are emitted according to a specific program individually in the different directions and the respective signals reflected from the relevant radiation direction are received spatially selectively one after the other and are utilized or processed individually, the transmission channel and the receiving channel are mutually disconnected from each other. 20. Method according to claim 18, characterized in that radiation pulses are emitted according to a specific program in groups simultaneously in different directions and that reflections from the respective mentioned directions are received in groups and processed in groups. 21. Method according to claims 18 and 20, characterized in that a change in the reception signal due to .of penetration of an object in the beam splitting area is used as a criterion for triggering an alarm. 22. Method according to claims 18 and 20, characterized in that by using at least two beam-splitting systems with area-wise division of the radiation into different surfaces and by utilizing the time difference in the change of the output signal for one or both systems, the direction of movement of an intruding object is determined , and is used as an additional criterion for direction-dependent alarm triggering. 23. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that electromagnetic energy is radiated as pulses. 24. Method according to claim 23, characterized in that pulse-shaped laser radiation is used. 25. Method according to claim 24, characterized in that the pulses are emitted in the area of invisible light. 26. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the concentration of the radiation is controlled depending on its direction. 27. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission power and/or reception sensitivity is controlled in dependence on the direction of radiation. 28. Method according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the transmission power and/or reception sensitivity is controlled in dependence on the measurement beams, respectively the distance vectors, and/or the intensity of the reflection. 29. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that specific objects are recognized due to their higher reflectivity compared to other objects and/or the background, and are stored and/or utilized or processed in order corresponding to the object's position and/or movement pattern. 30. Method according to claim 29, characterized in that objects with higher reflectivity are detected or determined by means of targeted reduction of the transmitter effect and/or reception sensitivity, separated from the total amount of all objects or the background. 31. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, for determining selected points on virtual lines or virtual surfaces and for storing the associated coordinates for these selected points in a warehouse assigned to the computer, is temporarily amplified or elevated the radiation energy reflected from the selected points during a specific time interval by means of high-efficiency reflectors aimed at the receiver and produced in the selected points during the said time interval, whereby the distance vectors belonging to the selected points are determined due to the associated higher intensity and only these distance vectors are temporarily utilized or processed, and the thus determined coordinates for these selected points are stored. 32. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one virtual line or surface is assigned to a roadway and that crossing the virtual line or penetration of the virtual surface with at least one vehicle is detected and processed bg/or registered. 33. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a surface or a room is monitored with regard to unchanged and/or changed state and/or in case of changed state and determined changes are processed and/or displayed. 34. Method according to claim 33, characterized in that at least one virtual line or virtual surface lying on the surface of an object to be monitored is determined. 35. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized by the wood directive rays (100) with a pulse transmitter (112) for emitting pulsed directive radiation in a defined time sequence and in defined directions (<j), f a receiver (125) for i the room directed reception of reflected energy of radiation emitted from the directive rays and a .computer (4) as processing or utilization device for computational processing of a majority of received and/or missed reflection signals from different directions. 36. Device according to claim 35, characterized in that the computer (400) is programmed to time-dependently change the coordinate values stored therein for virtual lines or surfaces, and that the directive beam (100) has a fixed position (2). 37. Device according to claim 35, characterized in that the computer (400) is programmed to time-dependently change coordinate values stored in it for virtual lines or surfaces, and that the directive beam (100) has a movable position. 38. Device according to claim 35, 36 or 37, characterized in that the processing device has lowers for recording information for recognition of specific objects. 39. Device according to one of claims 35 to 38, characterized in that the processing device is assigned an output unit (407) for generating a pre-alarm and/or a main alarm. 40. Device according to claim 35, characterized in that an upper part (103) containing the pulse transmitter (112) and the receiver (125) as well as a beam deflection device (116) is arranged in the directive beam (100), which upper part (103) is rotatable stored about an axis (104) in relation to a lower part (101) attached to the stand or position (2). 41. Device according to claim 40, characterized in that the pulse transmitter (112) and/or the beam deflection device (116) is assigned to a regulation and control unit (130), which is in connection with an angle sensor (107) and which controls the time of emission of the radiation pulses from the pulse transmitter (112) taking into account and correcting angular errors during the turning movement of the upper part (103) and/or angular errors in the beam deflection device (116). 42. Device according to claim 40, characterized in that a parabolic mirror (114) or a controllable vario optic (132) is arranged after the pulse transmitter (112) to supply the radiation from the pulse transmitter (112) to a controllable beam deflection device (116) ). 43. Device according to claim 42, characterized in that the beam deflection member (116) is a two-sided mirroring pivoting mirror which, by a pivoting device (119) controlled by a regulation and control unit (130), is pivotable with precisely defined angular sizes, whereby the transmission radiation is incident on one side of the swing mirror and the received reflected radiation is incident on the other side of the swing mirror. 44. Device according to claim 43, characterized in that the pivoting mirror has a substantially elliptical shape. 45. Device according to claim 42, 43 or 44, characterized in that a deflection mirror (120) is arranged after the beam deflection device which directs the transmitted radiation outwards with a changing elevation angle (lF ) depending on the current position of the beam deflection device (116), and that in front of the beam deflection device (116) is arranged another deflection mirror (121) which supplies the receiver (125) with transmitted radiation reflected from the outside over the beam deflection device (116) and another parabolic mirror (122) from a direction opposite to the direction of the beam beam leaving the directive rays (100). 46. Device according to claim 45, characterized in that a narrowband interference filter (125) tuned to the wavelength of the transmitting radiation is arranged in front of the receiver (125). 47. Device according to claim 35 or one of claims 36 to 46, characterized in that the directive beam (100) comprises a distance meter which works according to the walking time principle. 48. Device according to one of claims 35 to 47, characterized in that the directive beam (100) is intended for and designed with its measuring beams to follow at least one virtual line and/or to scan or scan at least one virtual surface as well as to receive and process reflected radiation energy (4d <*> ). 49. Device according to claim 35 or one of claims 36 to 48, characterized in that the directive beam (100) comprises a computer (400) which has a central processor (200) with a first input/output unit (201) and another input/output unit (202), a central unit (203), a program storage (204), a first write/read storage (205) a second write/read storage (206) and a first data bus or bus (207) as well as a satellite processor (300) with an input/output unit (301) a central unit (302) a program storage (303) a write/read storage (304) and another data bus or bus (305) and a data bus control unit (401). which is assigned to the two data buses (207, 305) as well as a transmitter/receiver (402) assigned to these data buses (207, 305), which computer (400) is connected to both the angle encoder (107) and the regulation and control unit (130), with the beam deflector (116), a contemporary clock (403), a control unit (405), an input unit (406) and an output unit (407), and the drive unit (105) as well as power supply devices (404) are connected to the input unit (406) and where is the connection between the power supply devices (404) and the control unit (405) (figure 6). 50. Device according to claim 35, characterized in that the pulse transmitter (112) and the receiver (125) are provided with a beam splitting system (600, 600') for surface or spatial beam splitting or beam splitting, for dividing the transmission energy into different directions and for directed reception of reflected energy from these directions (figure 9). 51. Device according to claim 50, characterized by a beam splitter system (600) with a transmitter-connector (601) for connection to the pulse transmitter (112), a transmitter guide system (602) for forwarding the transmission energy to a beam splitter (603) and with a beam collector (604), a receiving guide system (605) for forwarding the received energy over a receiver-connector (606) to the receiver (125) with a computer or data processor (400) for processing the receiver signals. 52. Device according to claim 51, characterized by a laser pulse transmitter (112) with a lens device as a transmitter coupling device (604) for connecting the laser pulse transmitter (112) to a transmitter guide system (605) designed as a glass fiber bundle, for forwarding transmission energy divided into the individual fibers to a beam splitter (607) which is connected to the glass fiber bundle and which consists of transmitting lenses (606) with differently oriented axes, as well as a beam collector (610) consisting of receiving lenses (609) with differently oriented axes, and glass fibers assigned to these receiving lenses in a another glass fiber bundle which constitutes a receiving conduction system (612) for passing on received energy over another lens device designed as a receiver-connector (613).