FI61923C - ELASTLINA - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to improvements in or relating to ropes and mooring devices, particularly for clamping goods, mooring ships and anchoring floating landing stages, buoys, navigation marks and the like. An elastomer rope, Figs. 1 and 5, has a core (10, 20) of elastomeric material with a fibre reinforcement (12, 22, 26) disposed around it, and an outer covering layer (14, 28) of elastomeric material, the elastomeric material in the core and the covering layer consisting preferably of synthetic rubber. The fibre reinforcement (12, 22, 26) which consists of a material considerably less elongatable than the elastomeric material of said core (10, 20), is helically wound about the core with a reinforcement angle ( alpha ) of 50-65 DEG between the longitudinal axis of the rope and the reinforcement projected at right angles thereto. The mooring device includes a floating body 76, Fig. 8, that carries a downwardly projecting rigid tube 72, there being an elastic rope 66 that is coupled to an anchorage 68 on the sea bed, the rope extending upwardly through the tube and being attached to the upper end thereof. <IMAGE>

Description

raSr ^ l [B] (11) NOTICE OF ADVERTISEMENT

lJ UTLÄGGN I NGSSKRIFT Oi y Z 0 c Patent granted 11 10 1932

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Pmtmntti ·] a the National Board of Registration Nlhtlvtalpsnon |. date of issue

Patent- och registrerttyrelsan '' AmUcm utlagd oeh utUkriftan publkerad 30.06. 82 (32) (33) (31) Fyjrtetty «uolkeui —Begird prtorltet 27. 06.77

Sweden-Sweden (SE) 770737 ^ -0 (71) Socared SA, 1, Rue Ceard, CH-Geneva, Switzerland-Switzerland (CH) (72) Bertil Brandt, Paris, France-France (FR) (7 * +) Leitzinger Oy (5M Elastic Rope - Elastlina

It is known in many contexts to use elastic ropes instead of ropes, for example when attaching goods to the platform of a truck and securing ships to shore. In these and other applications, high elongation of the elastic product has been used to provide elastic attachment or shore attachment. In this connection, however, one problem is that, on the one hand, the elastic rope wants as much extensibility as possible and, on the other hand, it should be ensured that the tensile stress provided by the elasticity of the elastic rope becomes sufficient for the intended use. Of course, it is the case that the additional traction required to provide, for example, 10% elongation increases progressively as the elongation of the elastic rope approaches the fracture region, but e.g. in connection with the above-mentioned uses of the above-mentioned ropes, it is desirable to obtain elastic poor, in which this progressivity is more pronounced, because they thus become progressively stiffer as the elongation increases.

One area of application in which such an elastic rope can provide a great improvement is a ship mooring device, for example a mooring device for recreational craft. In marinas, a series of buoys are often located at a great distance from the dock, and these buoys are connected to buoy stones or other fixed fixtures at the bottom.

There is regularly a chain between the buoy and the buoy, the length of which, however, must be adjusted so that it substantially exceeds the vertical distance between the buoy and the buoy so that attention is paid to variations in the water surface. The buoys must be located quite far from the dock, because the angle between the water surface and its wire, which is directly or indirectly connected to the buoy stone, must be quite small so that an unusually high water level does not cause the boat to sink below the water surface. In order to get to a certain extent from this shadow side, a separate suspension buoy is often placed near the ship, with the end of a wire attached to this suspension buoy, which wire is in turn anchored to a buoy or the like at a greater distance from the berth than the hanging buoy. The downside here, however, is that this wire must be unnecessarily long and therefore can be awkward when it hangs freely at the bottom of the harbor basin.

If this could be replaced by an elastic rope or rope attached to the buoy, having the above-mentioned progressivity so that it progressively becomes stiffer the more it stretches, it would be possible to avoid using long free wires at the bottom of the harbor at the same time as this elastic rope or rope is stretched. sufficient length until there is a suitable attraction for the purpose. Another case that occurs as a problem on light piers, i.e. floating piers, is that they are unstable, i.e. if a person walks along the edge of the pier, that edge is strongly depressed, causing the pier to tend to move in the opposite direction. The only thing that prevents this sideline attempt is the floating bodies that are placed on the same side as the person. The anchoring of the berth to the bottom and possibly to the ground does not directly affect its stability. In order to provide stable piers, it has been necessary to obtain heavy, clumsy and at the same time expensive piers, usually concrete ones, or to stabilize lightweight piers by loading the floating hulls of the piers with heavy material so that these floating piers also become substantially heavier. the downside of the piers is that they most often have heavy chains that run obliquely down and out of the piers and have weights at the ends, for example in the form of concrete clumps with the chains anchored to the bottom. Such chains are, of course, somehow dependent, but they can still be a disadvantage, especially when relatively large draft boats are driven to the quay.

Similar problems occur when anchoring buoys as is currently the case, where a chain is regularly used between the buoy and the buoy stone. Said chain is arranged so that the length of the chain substantially exceeds the vertical distance between the buoy and the buoy stone. The downside of this way of anchoring a buoy is, firstly, the need to use heavy and unnecessarily long chains, secondly, because long chains allow the buoy to travel substantial distances before the buoy is braked, and thirdly, this drift requires unnecessary space for each boat. .

Similar problems also exist in the anchoring of nautical markers and marker buoys, e.g. buoys used to mark closed borehole valves, which pierce the bottom, especially in fishing areas. In the latter case, the marker buoys may be anchored with chains of 80 to 100 m in length. Chains of this length are heavy and therefore require very large buoys, in addition to which they are subject to severe corrosion and wear, especially as a result of navigation, which can reach 10 to 15 m.

Difficult conditions mean that the chains of nautical markers and mark buoys often need to be replaced.

Another area of use for elastic ropes is in load anchorages, for example when loading a ship or truck. Also in such a case, the rope, which becomes stiffer as the stretch increases, is a great advantage.

Both the mooring of vessels, nautical markers and marker buoys, etc., and the tightening of loads could substantially reduce the current problems by using an elastic rope (or rope) whose progressivity is adjusted, i.e., a rope that progressively becomes stiffer as the stretch increases.

According to the present invention, there is provided a rope formed of an elastic material which fulfills the above-mentioned objects and which can be used to solve problems, e.g., in securing boats, floating piers, buoys and nautical signs. The elastic rope of the present invention has a core formed of an elastic material, a fiber reinforcement arranged around it having elongation properties inferior to the elastic material of the core, and a cover layer of elastic material, wherein the elastic material of the core and coating is preferably made of synthetic rubber. The elastic rope according to the invention is characterized in that the fiber reinforcement is helically wound around the core, the angle of the reinforcement being 50 to 65 ° as the angle between the longitudinal axis of the rope and the reinforcement projected perpendicular thereto. The fiber reinforcement preferably consists of cord yarns or strips, more preferably of polyester material. If the fiber reinforcement consists of two layers, the best result and the least tendency to twist when stretching the rope are obtained if both reinforcement layers are screwed in opposite directions in the same direction at the same angle of the reinforcement.

The invention is based on the realization that changes in the diameter of a core made of an elastic material, e.g. rubber, are different from changes in the diameter of a screw helically wrapped around the core during axial stretching of the core and that the core and reinforcement diameters can be exploited to achieve the above in the load required to provide a certain extra elongation. The decrease in core diameter as the core is stretched is determined by the properties of the elastic material, especially the elastic properties, while the decrease in helical reinforcement diameter is largely determined by the reinforcement angle, i.e. the angle between the core centerline and the perpendicular reinforcement. By varying the gain angle, it is possible for the reinforcement to reduce its diameter faster or slower relative to the decrease in core diameter. When the reduction in the diameter of the gain tends to be larger than that of the core, the effect is such that the gain "compresses" the core, which, however, does not compress to a greater extent, in which case the core acts against a decrease in the gain screw line. the required traction to provide the intended extra elongation.

French Patent 955,262 describes an endless loop or rack consisting of either a completely braided structure formed by braiding the same group of fibers or yarns from round to round to form a multi-layer structure in which the inner braid layers form a core, or - or a core of similar material surrounded by a braid of fibers or yarns, the outside of which may be covered with a plastic or rubber coating. The core of plastic, rubber or the like may be perforated or solid. However, this French patent does not disclose the above-mentioned principles of the present invention, i.e., it does not detect or take advantage of changes in the diameter of the core of elastic material and the reinforcement of fiber material wound or braided around it; in the embodiments shown, 30 °, 38 ° and 42 ° reinforcement angles have been used between the longitudinal axis of the core and the reinforcement projected perpendicular thereto, which causes the reinforcement from the outset to reduce its diameter more than the core by corresponding stretching. This issue is discussed in more detail in the following description of the present invention.

When the elastic rope of the present invention is used as a fastening device, the elastic rope may be fastened to the fastener, and the end of the rope opposite the fastener may optionally be fastened to an extension made of a conventional rope system.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 6 61923

Figure 1 shows examples of a rope according to the present invention.

Figure 2 shows a diagram illustrating the relative diameter changes in the rope core and reinforcement.

Figure 3 shows theoretically calculated curves of how different ropes stretch as the load increases.

Figure 4 shows a graph of the dependence of elongation on load in the example rope of Figure 1.

Figure 5 shows another rope according to the invention.

Figure 6 shows the dependence of the elongation on the load in the rope according to Figure 5.

Figure 7 shows an example of a fastening device in which a rope according to the invention is used.

As shown in Figure 1, the rope according to the invention has a core 10 which is a suitable elastic material, e.g. EPDM rubber. A polyester cord tape 12 is wound around the core 10 in a helical manner, whereby the winding or reinforcement angle is described as α: 11a and is the angle between the center line of the core and the reinforcement projected perpendicular thereto. S describes the rise of a helical polyester reinforcement. A surface sheath 14 of elastic material is arranged on top of the helically rising polyester strip. This coating is also suitably formed of an elastic material which is weatherproof.

As can be seen from Figure 5, the rope * according to the invention can be provided with two different reinforcement layers. The rope according to Figure 5 thus has a core 20, an internal reinforcement 22, which is a helically wound cord wire or strip. Outside this inner reinforcement 22 is an intermediate rubber 24 and outside it is an outer reinforcement 26. Outside the reinforcements is a coating 28. In Figure 5, the helical inner reinforcement is wound in one direction and the outer reinforcement 26 is helically wound in the other direction. The gain angle of the internal reinforcement is described by α 2 and its pitch by α 2. The gain angle of the external reinforcement is shown in »2: 11a and its rise with S2.

Figure 2 shows a graph of how the diameters of the core and the helical cord strip change as they are stretched. The curves have been calculated theoretically. The solid line 30 shows how the original diameter of 15 mm changes as the core is stretched by 200%. Dotted line 32 indicates a change in the diameter of the helical reinforcement when the reinforcement angle is 65 °. Similarly, the dotted curves 34, 36 and 38 show changes in diameter with reinforcements with angles of 60 °, 55 ° and 45 °, respectively. The theoretically calculated diagram shows that the reinforcement angle α has a large effect when the helical reinforcement starts to become stronger and thus to provide the desired progressivity to the rope. When the reinforcement angle α = 65 °, the diameter of the reinforcement helical line decreases less than the diameter of the core only when the elongation is about 75%. At a gain with a gain angle α = 60 °, the elongation must be up to 30% before the reinforcement helical line begins to be smaller in diameter than the stretched core. In the case of reinforcements with reinforcement angles a = 45 ° and a = 55 °, it is true that the reduction in the diameter of the reinforcing thread from the outset is greater than the reduction in the diameter of the elastic core from the beginning as well. Thus, according to Fig. 2, it can be expected that the elongation action curve under load extends relatively linearly to about 20-30% elongation when the reinforcement angle α = 60 °, and up to 75% when the chord angle α = 65 °.

Figure 3 shows the theoretically calculated curves of how different ropes stretch as the load increases. The calculations are based on a construction with a core consisting of styrene-butadiene rubber with a hardness of 75 ° IRH and a diameter of 15 mm.

8 61923

The helically wound reinforcement consists of 24 parallel polyester cord yarns (1100 x 2) and is wound at given reinforcement angles α, so that the number of polyester cord ribbons per rise round is thus 24. The different turns of the polyester cord ribbons are tightly wound together. Curves 40, 42, 44 and 46 show the elongation of the elastic rope at reinforcement angles of 45 °, 50 °, 55 ° and 60 °. These curves confirm what has already been said above in connection with Figure 2, i.e. that the reinforcement gives progressivity to the resistance of the ropes as the stretch increases.

Figure 4 shows an example of the load to elongation ratio in a rope handmade and constructed so that its structure is as shown in Figure 1. The diameter of the rubber core 10 in this case is about 20 ° and the hardness is about 50 ° Shore. A polyester tape having a thickness of four layers and a width of 8 mm is wrapped around the rubber core 10, the distance between two successive turns being 2 mm. The gain s of the reinforcement is thus 10 mm. It can be seen from Figure 4 that the elongation curve extends relatively straight until a 45 ° elongation is reached. After that, progressivity begins, which is greater the more you stretch.

Figure 6 shows an elongation curve that depends on the loading force when the structure of the rope is as shown in Figure 4. The theoretically calculated curve 48 is shown by a solid line. The resulting curve 49 is shown by a dashed line. The rope was constructed of a solid core with a diameter of 15 mm and consisting of styrene-dutadiene with a hardness of 50 ° Shore. The inner reinforcement consisted of a polyester cord tape which was wound with a reinforcement angle = 56 ° and a pitch s- ^ = 31.3 mm. The intermediate rubber consisted of styrene butadiene rubber with a thickness of 0.38 mm. An outer reinforcement layer with a reinforcement angle = 57.2 ° and a pitch s ^ = 32.2 mm was wound on the outside of the intermediate rubber. The reason why the theoretically calculated curve differs from the obtained curve is that the theoretical calculations did not take into account the various factors that affect the changes in diameter in both reinforcement layers when stretched in the longitudinal direction of the rope. Coating 28 was made on this rope from EPDM rubber.

Figure 7 shows an example of a fastening device using the elastic rope described above. As shown in the figure, the boat 50 is anchored in the usual manner to the bollard 52 of the berth 54 with a rope 56. At the bottom of the harbor basin there is an anchoring stone 58 far from the berth 54. An elastic rope 60 is attached to the anchoring stone. This elastic rope may have a structure according to Figure 1 or 5. The elastic rope is connected at one end to an ordinary rope, e.g. a polyester rope 62. By means of a hand winch of the rope 62 and the boat 50, the elastic rope is stretched so as to create sufficient traction on the anchoring rod formed of the elastic rope and the polyester rope. Despite the fact that the elastic drive is thus kept taut, the toe can still stretch as the water surface changes, and so on.

Near the stern of the boat is a support buoy 64. This buoy 64 is anchored to the buoy stone 68 via an elastic member 66, and has a fork 70 at the upper end of the buoy. The preferred structure of the buoy 64 is shown in Figure 8.

The buoy 64 is thus located substantially closer to the dock 54 than normally the berths of marinas. The normal position of the buoy is above the anchoring rock 58. The support buoy 64 acts as a holder for the polyester rope attached to the elastic rope when the anchoring device is not in use. As shown in the figure, the elastic rope 60 'in this position is relaxed in its length, which is substantially shorter than the length of the elastic rope 60 when stretched to secure the boat 50. Because the elastic rope 60 has the ability to greatly shorten, the bottom of the harbor basin is not covered with long tortuous berths.

Figure 7 shows the great advantages of the fastening or anchoring device according to the invention when using an elastic rope 60. Thus, substantially more free space is obtained outside the hanging buoy, which improves the mobility in the harbor basin. Another advantage is that the elastic rope 60, due to its elasticity, on the one hand keeps the boat 50 in the correct position directly away from the dock 54 and on the other hand allows a certain degree of water level variation.

Claims (3)

61923 ίο An elastic rope having a core (10, 20) formed of an elastic material, a fiber reinforcement (12, 22, 26) arranged around it having elongation properties inferior to the elastic material of the core (10, 20), and a cover layer (14, 28) , which is an elastic material, wherein the elastic material of the core and the cover layer is preferably formed of synthetic rubber, characterized in that the fiber reinforcement (12, 22, 26) is helically wound around the core at an angle of 50-65 ° to the longitudinal axis of the rope and projected perpendicular thereto. measured as the angle between the reinforcement. Elastic rope according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fiber reinforcement (12, 22, 26) consists of cord yarns or strips. Rope according to Claim 2, characterized in that the cord yarns or ribbons are made of polyester material. An elastic rope according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the fiber reinforcement consists of two layers (22, 26), characterized in that both reinforcement layers (22, 26) are helically wound in opposite directions at the same reinforcement angle (α), and that an intermediate layer (24) of elastic material is interposed between the two reinforcing layers (22).