CN114771733B - Floating equipment capable of self-adapting water level lifting and plane constraint positioning - Google Patents

Floating equipment capable of self-adapting water level lifting and plane constraint positioning Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114771733B
CN114771733B CN202210370569.1A CN202210370569A CN114771733B CN 114771733 B CN114771733 B CN 114771733B CN 202210370569 A CN202210370569 A CN 202210370569A CN 114771733 B CN114771733 B CN 114771733B
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Prior art keywords
floating
cable
end cable
self
positioning
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CN114771733A (en
Inventor
吴俊�
胥润生
李晓飚
舒岳阶
马希钦
张绪进
周世良
周远航
马御风
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Chongqing Jiaotong University
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Chongqing Jiaotong University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/04—Fastening or guiding equipment for chains, ropes, hawsers, or the like
    • B63B21/14—Hawse-holes; Hawse-pipes; Hawse-hole closures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B39/00—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
    • B63B39/02—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude to decrease vessel movements by displacement of masses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2205/00—Tethers
    • B63B2205/02—Tether payout means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2207/00—Buoyancy or ballast means
    • B63B2207/04—Pressure equalising or adjusting

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a floating device capable of self-adapting water level lifting and plane constraint positioning, which comprises a floating platform floating on the water surface, a front end cable arranged at one end of the floating platform facing to the water flow direction and a rear end cable arranged at one end opposite to the water flow direction. The invention can realize accurate positioning of the floating platform and can be better suitable for water level lifting change.

Description

Floating equipment capable of self-adapting water level lifting and plane constraint positioning
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of positioning of floating facilities on water, in particular to a floating device capable of self-adapting to water level lifting and plane constraint positioning.
Background
The water floating facilities are important carriers for developing and utilizing water resources, and common water floating facilities comprise large ocean platforms, water floating pontoons, inland navigation marks, floating bridges, floating wharfs, floating amusement platforms and the like. When the water floating facility is installed, two major problems need to be solved: how to adapt to the water level fluctuation in the water level fluctuation change, and automatically winding and unwinding the cable; under the influence of multiple factors such as water level superposition wind, wave, flow, how to realize self stability and accurate positioning.
The large ocean floating facilities mostly use an electric drive automatic control technology to realize the automatic adjustment of the winding and unwinding cables of the ocean platform. The important floating platforms of the inland river mostly use the electric control winch technology to realize the cable reeling and unreeling adjustment of the important floating platforms of the inland river. The inland floating platform generally adopts artificial adjustment of the length of the mooring rope to realize the cable winding and unwinding adjustment of the inland floating platform. Therefore, under the condition of not externally connecting an external power supply, the existing water floating type facility cannot realize self-adaptive water level lifting and accurate positioning. The floating facility is connected with an external power supply and is provided with electromechanical equipment, so that the complexity and cost of the floating facility are increased on one hand, and on the other hand, the floating facility does not have the condition of the external power supply in certain application occasions. Therefore, the method for exploring the self-adaptive water level lifting and accurate constraint positioning of the water floating facility is simple, convenient and efficient under the condition of not accessing an external power supply, and has great engineering significance.
In order to solve the above problems, the applicant considered to design a self-positioning method of a floating platform, wherein a cable is used on the front side and the rear side of the floating platform along the water flow direction, the lower ends of the cables are anchored, the upper ends of the cables are commonly connected to a force application member with floating self-adjusting capability on the floating platform, and the two cables are simultaneously tensioned through the force application member, so that the positioning of the floating platform is realized. In the scheme, the two ends of the floating body are limited by the mooring ropes, so that the floating body cannot move in a normal state. When the floating body is impacted by water flow, the stress of the cable on one side facing the acting force direction is increased, the stress of the cable on the other side is reduced, the floating body is subjected to plane displacement, and the cable angle and the stress are also changed. Through the floating self-adjusting function of the force application component (adjusting the mass of the balance weight driving block in the floating body), the plane displacement of the floating body can meet the displacement deviation of different engineering requirements, thereby realizing the accurate positioning of the floating body. Therefore, the influence of wind waves (the common direction of wind current and water current is consistent) can be well avoided, and the accurate positioning of the floating platform is realized.
However, the method can be better realized by adopting a specific structure, and the method can be automatically adjusted to better adapt to the water level lifting change, so that the problem to be further considered is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that: how to provide a floating device which can realize accurate positioning of a floating platform and can also adapt to self-adaptive water level lifting and plane constraint positioning of water level lifting change better.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the floating device comprises a floating platform floating on the water surface, and further comprises a floating platform self-positioning system, wherein the floating platform self-positioning system comprises a front end cable arranged at one end of the floating platform facing the water flow direction and a rear end cable arranged at one end opposite to the water flow direction, the lower end of the front end cable is obliquely anchored under water, and the lower end of the rear end cable is obliquely anchored under water.
When the equipment is used, the gravity of the counterweight driving block is used, and a pretension force is applied to cables at the front end and the rear end through torque conversion of the rotary drum member so as to tension the cables and balance the cables, and the floating platform is kept motionless. When the front end of the floating platform is impacted by water flow, the stress of the front end cable is increased, and at the moment, the whole moment on the cable side is unchanged because the moment and the direction generated by the counterweight driving block suspended on the other side of the rotary drum are unchanged. The front end cable stress is increased to reduce the pretension force of the other end cable, so that the moment on two sides of the rotary drum member is kept balanced, the floating platform is kept horizontal displacement (only very tiny displacement is carried out in the deformation range of the cable), and the accurate plane positioning constraint under the state of being impacted by water flow is realized. Meanwhile, when the water level fluctuates, the self-adaptive adjustment of the winding and unwinding of the mooring ropes is realized through the rotation of the rotary drum member, and when the rotary drum rotates, the height of the counterweight driving block is changed but the moment is unchanged, so that the winding and unwinding lengths of the mooring ropes at the front end and the rear end of the other side of the rotary drum member are correspondingly adjusted, but the moment is still unchanged, and the draft of the floating platform is unchanged. Therefore, the self-positioning system of the floating platform can be better ensured to be capable of self-adaptively adjusted according to the water level change and maintain the balance of the tensioning and stress system unchanged in the adjustment process.
More specifically, in daily operation, the floating body is subjected to forces such as gravity, buoyancy, water flow force, wind force, wave force and the like. In the scheme, the water flow force, wind force and wave force are exerted on the bow and stern cables by the counterweight driving blocks, and are counteracted by self-adaptive adjustment of the internal force of the cables. Meanwhile, as the high-strength cables (preferably with the same gravity and buoyancy) are selected, the cables are in a tensioning and straightening state in water, and drifting displacement is mainly generated by elastic deformation caused by the change of the internal force of the cables, so that the plane constraint positioning of the floating body is realized. The principle of the bridge is similar to that of a stay cable of a cable-stayed bridge, and the load change of the bridge mainly causes the internal force change of each cable, but the influence of the whole deformation of the bridge is small. The acting force of the rope is exerted by a counterweight driving block connected with the rope in the floating body, and the weight of the counterweight driving block is determined according to the designed water flow force, the wind force and the wave force and the required positioning precision of the floating body. When the water level fluctuates, the cable is wound and unwound through the motion of the transmission mechanism and the counterweight driving block inside the floating body, so that the cable is always kept in a straightened state, the floating body is lifted along with the water level at a set reference position, and when the floating body is used for anti-collision protection of the bridge pier, the floating body can be kept in a non-contact state with the bridge pier, and the load of the bridge pier is not increased. Therefore, the invention provides a self-adaptive water level lifting and plane constraint positioning method for a water floating facility, which adopts a self-balancing principle, utilizes a mechanical structure to realize self-coupling locking between two symmetrically arranged cables, and realizes self-adjustment and self-adaptation under different water levels and flow rates.
Of course, as other possible embodiments, the counterweight driving block in the above scheme may be changed into a spring member with its lower end fixed on the floating platform, or the upper ends of the front end cable and the rear end cable may be directly connected to two ends of a spring member on the floating platform, where the stress balance stability of the structure is not high, and it is difficult to well realize adaptive adjustment according to the water level change.
Further, a fixed pulley is arranged on the lower surface of the floating platform corresponding to the front end cable winding section and the rear end cable winding section, and the front end cable and the rear end cable are wound and connected with the rotary drum member upwards after respectively bypassing the corresponding fixed pulleys.
Therefore, the oblique tension of the cable is converted into the force in the vertical direction through the steering of the fixed pulley, so that the stress of the rotary drum member is ensured to be more balanced and stable.
Further, the fixed pulley is arranged on a fixed pulley seat which can rotate horizontally.
In this way, the convenient cable can be opened at a certain angle to better maintain balance and stability.
Further, a vertical soft sleeve is arranged between the fixed pulley and the rotary drum component, and the front end cable and the rear end cable respectively penetrate through the corresponding soft sleeve and the rotary drum component to be connected.
In this way, the cable may be better protected.
Further, the front end cable winding section and the rear end cable winding section are arranged in equal diameter and have diameters larger than those of the counterweight lifting rope winding section.
Therefore, the length and distance ratio adjustment of the winding and unwinding of the mooring rope can be realized through the diameter ratio change of each section of the rotary drum member, and the length of the lifting rope required by the counterweight driving block is reduced.
Further, a nacelle is arranged on the floating platform, and a counterweight driving block is suspended in the nacelle.
Therefore, the counterweight driving block can not be influenced by water flow impact to balance stress, and is more convenient to overhaul and maintain. Of course, when implementing, also can hang the counter weight driving piece in the aquatic below the floating platform, but like this easily receive rivers impact influence, and be unfavorable for the maintenance.
Further, the drum member is rotatably mounted on a support frame fixed to the floating platform by a bearing.
Thus, the structure is simple and the installation is convenient.
Further, the front end cable winding section and the rear end cable winding section are respectively provided with a sliding sleeve capable of sliding axially by means of a spline, and the front end cable and the rear end cable are wound on the corresponding sliding sleeves.
Therefore, when the cable is automatically wound and unwound along with the change of the water level, the axial sliding of the sliding sleeve can be automatically regulated, the contact side edge position of the cable and the rotary drum member is kept to be always positioned right above the fixed pulley, the influence of the inclination of the cable on the stress balance is avoided, and the stability and the reliability of a balanced stress system are better ensured.
Further, the floating platform self-positioning system is provided with two sets of rotating drum members of the floating platform self-positioning system, which are horizontally arranged in parallel at intervals, and the front end cable and the rear end cable of each floating platform self-positioning system are respectively connected to the opposite sides or the opposite sides of the two rotating drum members.
The single floating platform self-positioning system is characterized in that when the front end cable is impacted by water flow, the front end cable and the rear end cable are stressed differently, so that different stresses on the same-directional side surfaces of the front and rear directions of the rotating drum member can generate torque in the horizontal direction, the rotating drum is caused to rotate, and the floating platform is caused to rotate. Therefore, after the improvement, the torques generated by the two sets of floating platform self-positioning systems can be exactly offset, and the stability of the floating platform is better ensured.
Further, the lower ends of the front end cable and the rear end cable are respectively fixed on anchor ingots corresponding to the water bottom.
Thus, the device is convenient to fix and control the retraction.
The self-adaptive water level lifting and plane constraint positioning floating device is characterized by further comprising a self-coupling floating platform positioning self-adjusting system, wherein the self-coupling floating platform positioning self-adjusting system comprises two horizontal rotary drum members which are arranged at intervals in parallel, the rotary drum members are arranged along the water flow direction and rotatably arranged on the floating platform, the front end of each rotary drum member is provided with a front end cable winding section and winds a front end cable, the rear end of each rotary drum member is provided with a rear end cable winding section and winds a rear end cable, the lower end of each front end cable is obliquely anchored under water forwards and downwards in the direction facing the water flow, and the lower end of each rear end cable is obliquely anchored under water backwards and downwards in the direction deviating from the water flow; the front end cable and the rear end cable of each of the two rotary drum members are wound and connected on one side surface of the two rotary drum members, which is away from each other, a driving bevel gear is respectively arranged in the middle of the two rotary drum members, the two driving bevel gears are respectively meshed with two driven bevel gears arranged on the same rotary shaft, the rotary shaft is rotatably and horizontally arranged on a floating platform and vertically arranged between the two rotary drum members, a lifting rope is further wound on the rotary shaft, and a counterweight driving block is suspended below the lifting rope.
Thus, based on a similar principle, the self-positioning floating body device of the scheme can apply a acting force to the front end cable and the rear end cable of the two rotary drum members to tension the front end cable and the rear end cable respectively according to the gravity of the counterweight driving block and through the conversion and the transmission of moment. The displacement of the floating body can meet the requirements of various engineering applications on the positioning precision of the floating body by setting the mass of the internal counterweight driving block. Meanwhile, when the water level fluctuates, the height of the counterweight driving block can be adaptively adjusted according to the rotation transmission of the rotary drum member and the rotary shaft, so that the front end cable and the rear end cable can be automatically retracted, the draft of the floating body is kept unchanged, and the water level fluctuation adjustment is automatically adapted. Meanwhile, compared with the former scheme, the scheme has the advantages that not only is a member of a counterweight driving block saved, but also the tensioning force application ends of the front and rear end cables of the two rotary drum members are coupled to the counterweight driving block through the transmission of the gears and the rotating shafts, so that when one of the two front end cables is stressed greatly, the force can be respectively balanced to the two rear end cables, and the stress self-adaptive balance adjustment in four directions can be realized, so that the balance stability of the whole bearing system is better, and the overall stability of the device is better.
In particular, other local details and functions of the floating facility may be consistent with the structure of the previous self-locating floating facility and are not described herein.
Therefore, the scheme of the invention can realize the plane constraint positioning of the floating facility on water under different water levels and different flow rates. In the prior patent application scheme of the applicant, a pulley is adopted to hoist the weight, and because the tension of a cable is unchanged all the time, the floating facility must offset the water flow force by shifting to generate angle change, so that the prior patent scheme only can realize micro-drifting but cannot realize accurate positioning by reasonably setting the weight of the weight. According to the scheme, the water flow force is counteracted through the elastic deformation and the internal force adjustment of the front end cable and the rear end cable, so that the floating facility can realize the requirement of accurate positioning as long as two cables have cable force. Meanwhile, the invention can realize automatic winding and unwinding of the mooring rope under the amplitude of the ultra-large water level. In the prior patent application scheme of the applicant, a pulley is adopted to hoist the weight, so that the cable can not be proportionally shortened and retracted, and the weight is required to be placed in water, so that the uncertainty is increased too much. Through the mode of big or small axle in this application scheme, realized the proportion of hawser and shortened the receive and releases, and the heavy object piece is arranged in the box, conveniently changes and overhauls.
In summary, the floating platform has the advantages of being capable of realizing accurate positioning of the floating platform and being capable of adapting to water level lifting and changing better.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of a floating device with adaptive water level elevation and planar constraint positioning according to embodiment 1, wherein the broken line part indicates the manner in which the cable is splayed, and the arrow indicates the direction of water flow.
Fig. 2 is a front view of fig. 1 showing the internal structure of the floating platform in solid lines.
Fig. 3 is a left side view of fig. 1 showing the internal structure of the floating platform in solid lines.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of the sliding sleeve shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a floating device with adaptive water level elevation and planar constraint positioning according to embodiment 2, wherein the broken line part indicates the manner in which the cable is splayed, and the arrow in the figure indicates the direction of water flow.
Fig. 6 is a front view of fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the principle of stress analysis of the self-positioning floating facility in a still water state.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the principle of stress analysis of the self-positioning floating facility in the water flow action state.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1: 1-4, the floating device comprises a floating platform 1 floating on the water surface, and further comprises a floating platform self-positioning system, wherein the floating platform self-positioning system comprises a front end cable 2 arranged at one end of the floating platform facing the water flow direction and a rear end cable 3 arranged at one end opposite to the water flow direction, the lower end of the front end cable 2 is obliquely anchored under water, the lower end of the rear end cable 3 is obliquely anchored under water, the floating platform self-positioning system further comprises a rotary drum member 4 horizontally arranged along the water flow direction, the rotary drum member 4 is rotatably arranged on the floating platform 1, the front end of the rotary drum member is provided with a front end cable winding section, the upper end of the front end cable 2 is wound on the front end cable winding section, the rear end of the rotary drum member is provided with a rear end cable winding section, the upper end of the rear end cable 3 and the front end cable are wound on the rear end cable winding section in the same direction, a counterweight rope winding section is arranged in the middle of the rotary drum member 4, a counterweight rope 5 is wound on the counterweight rope winding section opposite to the front end cable, and a driving block 6 is arranged below the counterweight rope 5.
When the equipment is used, the gravity of the counterweight driving block is used, and a pretension force is applied to cables at the front end and the rear end through torque conversion of the rotary drum member so as to tension the cables and balance the cables, and the floating platform is kept motionless. When the front end of the floating platform is impacted by water flow, the stress of the front end cable is increased, and at the moment, the whole moment on the cable side is unchanged because the moment and the direction generated by the counterweight driving block suspended on the other side of the rotary drum are unchanged. The front end cable stress is increased to reduce the pretension force of the other end cable, so that the moment on two sides of the rotary drum member is kept balanced, the floating platform is kept horizontal displacement (only very tiny displacement is carried out in the deformation range of the cable), and the accurate plane positioning constraint under the state of being impacted by water flow is realized. Meanwhile, when the water level fluctuates, the self-adaptive adjustment of the winding and unwinding of the mooring ropes is realized through the rotation of the rotary drum member, and when the rotary drum rotates, the height of the counterweight driving block is changed but the moment is unchanged, so that the winding and unwinding lengths of the mooring ropes at the front end and the rear end of the other side of the rotary drum member are correspondingly adjusted, but the moment is still unchanged, and the draft of the floating platform is unchanged. Therefore, the self-positioning system of the floating platform can be better ensured to be capable of self-adaptively adjusted according to the water level change and maintain the balance of the tensioning and stress system unchanged in the adjustment process.
More specifically, in daily operation, the floating platform receives forces mainly including gravity, buoyancy, water flow force, wind force, wave force and the like. In this scheme, the buoyancy that the floating platform self gravity produced by the floating platform drainage volume offsets. The water flow force, wind force and wave force are pre-tensioned by the counterweight driving block to the bow and stern cables, and are counteracted by self-adaptive adjustment of the internal force of the cables. Meanwhile, as the zero-gravity high-strength cable is selected, the cable is in a tensioning and straightening state in water, and the drifting displacement is mainly generated by elastic deformation caused by the change of the internal force of the cable, so that the plane constraint positioning of the floating platform is realized. The principle of the bridge is similar to that of a stay cable of a cable-stayed bridge, and the load change of the bridge mainly causes the internal force change of each cable, but the influence of the whole deformation of the bridge is small. The cable pretension force is exerted by a counterweight driving block connected with the cable in the floating platform, and the weight of the counterweight driving block is determined according to the designed water flow force, the wind force and the wave force. When the water level fluctuates, the cable is wound and unwound through the motion of the transmission mechanism and the counterweight driving block inside the floating platform, so that the cable is always kept in a straightened state, the floating platform is lifted along with the water level at a set reference position, and the floating platform can be kept in a non-contact state with the bridge pier when being used for anti-collision protection of the bridge pier, and the load of the bridge pier is not increased. Therefore, the invention provides a self-adaptive water level lifting and plane constraint positioning method for a water floating facility, which adopts a self-balancing principle, utilizes a mechanical structure to realize self-coupling locking between two symmetrically arranged cables, and realizes self-adjustment and self-adaptation under different water levels and flow rates.
Of course, as other possible embodiments, the counterweight driving block in the above scheme may be changed into a spring member with its lower end fixed on the floating platform, or the upper ends of the front end cable and the rear end cable may be directly connected to two ends of a spring member on the floating platform, where the stress balance stability of the structure is not high, and it is difficult to well realize adaptive adjustment according to the water level change.
In this embodiment, a fixed pulley 7 is mounted on the lower surface of the floating platform corresponding to the front end cable winding section and the rear end cable winding section, and the front end cable 2 and the rear end cable 3 are wound around the corresponding fixed pulleys and then are connected with the drum member in an upward winding manner.
Therefore, the oblique tension of the cable is converted into the force in the vertical direction through the steering of the fixed pulley, so that the stress of the rotary drum member is ensured to be more balanced and stable.
Wherein the fixed pulley 7 is arranged on a fixed pulley seat which can horizontally rotate.
In this way, the convenient cable can be opened at a certain angle to better maintain balance and stability.
Wherein, be provided with vertical soft sleeve pipe 8 between fixed pulley 7 and the rotary drum component 4, front end cable 2 and rear end cable 3 pass respectively and correspond soft sleeve pipe and rotary drum component and link to each other.
In this way, the cable may be better protected.
Wherein, front end cable winding section and rear end cable winding section constant diameter setting and diameter are greater than counter weight lifting rope winding section diameter.
Therefore, the length and distance ratio adjustment of the winding and unwinding of the mooring rope can be realized through the diameter ratio change of each section of the rotary drum member, and the length of the lifting rope required by the counterweight driving block is reduced.
Wherein, the floating platform 1 is provided with a nacelle, and the counterweight driving block 6 is suspended in the nacelle.
Therefore, the counterweight driving block can not be influenced by water flow impact to balance stress, and is more convenient to overhaul and maintain. Of course, when implementing, also can hang the counter weight driving piece in the aquatic below the floating platform, but like this easily receive rivers impact influence, and be unfavorable for the maintenance.
Wherein the drum member 4 is rotatably mounted on a support frame 9 through a bearing, and the support frame 9 is fixed on a floating platform.
Thus, the structure is simple and the installation is convenient.
Wherein, the front end cable winding section and the rear end cable winding section are respectively provided with a sliding sleeve 10 which can axially slide by means of a spline, and the front end cable and the rear end cable are wound on the corresponding sliding sleeves 10.
Therefore, when the cable is automatically wound and unwound along with the change of the water level, the axial sliding of the sliding sleeve can be automatically regulated, the contact side edge position of the cable and the rotary drum member is kept to be always positioned right above the fixed pulley, the influence of the inclination of the cable on the stress balance is avoided, and the stability and the reliability of a balanced stress system are better ensured.
The floating platform self-positioning system is provided with two sets of rotating drum members of the floating platform self-positioning system, which are horizontally arranged in parallel at intervals, and the front end cables and the rear end cables of the two sets of floating platform self-positioning system are respectively connected to the opposite sides or the opposite sides of the two rotating drum members.
The single floating platform self-positioning system is characterized in that when the front end cable is impacted by water flow, the front end cable and the rear end cable are stressed differently, so that different stresses on the same-directional side surfaces of the front and rear directions of the rotating drum member can generate torque in the horizontal direction, the rotating drum is caused to rotate, and the floating platform is caused to rotate. Therefore, after the improvement, the torques generated by the two sets of floating platform self-positioning systems can be exactly offset, and the stability of the floating platform is better ensured.
Wherein, the lower ends of the front end cable and the rear end cable are respectively fixed on the anchor ingots 11 corresponding to the water bottom.
Thus, the device is convenient to fix and control the retraction.
Example 2: compared with the embodiment 1, the device structure of the embodiment is slightly different, the device structure is realized by adopting the floating device with self-adaptive water level lifting and plane constraint positioning shown in fig. 5-6, the floating device with self-adaptive water level lifting and plane constraint positioning comprises a floating platform 1' floating on the water surface, the device further comprises a self-coupling floating platform positioning self-adjusting system, the self-coupling floating platform positioning self-adjusting system comprises two horizontal rotary drum members 4' which are arranged at intervals in parallel, the rotary drum members 4' are arranged on the floating platform in a water flow direction and rotatably, the front ends of the rotary drum members are provided with a front end cable winding section and are wound with a front end cable 2', the rear ends of the rotary drum members are provided with a rear end cable winding section and are wound with a rear end cable 3', the lower ends of the front end cables 2' are obliquely anchored under water in the forward and downward directions facing the water flow, and the lower ends of the rear end cables 3' are obliquely anchored under water in the backward and downward directions facing the water flow directions; the front end cable and the rear end cable of each of the two rotary drum members are wound and connected on one side surface of the two rotary drum members, which is opposite to the two rotary drum members, a driving bevel gear 7 'is respectively arranged in the middle of the two rotary drum members, the two driving bevel gears 7' are respectively meshed with two driven bevel gears 8 'arranged on the same rotary shaft 9', the rotary shaft 9 'is rotatably and horizontally arranged on a floating platform and vertically arranged between the two rotary drum members, a lifting rope is further wound on the rotary shaft, and a counterweight driving block 6' is suspended below the lifting rope.
Thus, based on similar principles as in example 1, the adaptive water level lifting and planar constrained positioning floating device used in this example can apply a pretension to the front and rear cables of the two drum members to tension them by torque conversion and transmission, based on the weight of the counterweight driving block. Therefore, when the water flow impact is received, the floating platform can hardly generate displacement in the horizontal direction as long as the water flow impact acting force is smaller than the pretension force of the cable. The influence of wind waves can be avoided, and the accurate positioning of the floating platform is realized. Meanwhile, when the water level fluctuates, the height of the counterweight driving block can be adaptively adjusted according to the rotation transmission of the rotary drum member and the rotary shaft, so that the front end cable and the rear end cable can be automatically retracted and released, the draft of the floating platform is kept unchanged, and the water level fluctuation adjustment is automatically adapted. Meanwhile, the embodiment is better than the embodiment 1 in that not only is a member of a counterweight driving block saved, but also the tensioning force application ends of the front and rear end cables of the two rotary drum members are coupled to the counterweight driving block through gears and rotating shafts in a transmission manner, so that when one of the two front end cables is stressed greatly, the force can be balanced to the two rear end cables respectively, and therefore, the self-adaptive balance adjustment of the stress in four directions can be realized, the balance stability of the whole bearing system is better, and the overall stability of the device is better.
In particular, other local details and functions of the floating facility may be identical to those of the self-locating floating facility of example 1, and are not described in detail herein.
The principle of stress action of the present invention will be further described below with reference to schematic diagrams of stress analysis of the self-positioning floating facility in a still water state and a water flow action state (see fig. 7 and 8).
The plane constraint positioning principle of the self-positioning floating facility is as follows:
through adjusting the weight of the counterweight driving block, the plane displacement of the floating body is within the required constraint positioning precision range under the action of water flow. Control index delta of float plane displacement constraint positioning precision max ，δ max The smaller the plane constraint positioning accuracy is, the higher the plane constraint positioning accuracy is. According to the balance equation of the floating bodyAnd constraint equation to obtain the minimum weight of the counterweight driving block so that the plane displacement of the floating body under the action of water flow meets the requirement.
Referring specifically to FIGS. 7-8, reference numerals in the figures and in the following formulas are denoted as G 1 Floating body gravity (other than counterweight driving block), G 2 -weight driving block gravity, F f -buoyancy of float, F 1 -water flow force, T 1 -float bow cable tension, T 2 -float stern cable tension, alpha 1 -bow cable angle, alpha 2 -stern cable throwing angle, L 1 -bow cable throwing length, L 2 -stern cable throwing length, delta-float water flow plane translation, R-third rotor radius, R 1 -first rotor radius, R 2 Second rotor radius, delta max -float plane constrained positioning accuracy.
Referring to fig. 7, when there is no water flow impact force, it is obtained from the force balance relationship:
F f ＝G 1 +G 2 +T 1 cosα 1 +T 2 cosα 2
T 2 sinα 2 ＝T i sinα 1
meanwhile, the moment balance equation of the balance weight driving block in the floating body can be obtained:
G 2 r＝T 1 R 1 +T 2 R 2 。
referring to fig. 8, when there is a water flow force, the displacement of the floating body delta changes along the water flow direction, and the displacement is also obtained according to the force balance and the moment balance:
F f ′＝G 1 +G 2 +T 1 ′cosα 1 ′+T 2 ′cosα 2 ′
F 1 +T 2 ′sinα 2 ′＝T 1 ′sinα 1 ′
G 2 r＝T 1 ′R 1 +T 2 ′R 2
under the condition of small plane displacement of the floating body, the floating body effectively drainsThe volume is not changed greatly, and it can be considered that F f ＝F f ' then:
T 1 cosα 1 +T 2 cosα 2 ＝T 1 ′cosα 1 ′+T 2 ′cosα 2 ′
obtaining the opening angle change theta of the cable at the bow part of the floating body before and after the water flow acts according to the geometric relationship 1 Change of stern cable opening angle theta 2 The method comprises the following steps:
θ 1 ＝α 1 ′-α 1
θ 2 ＝α 2 -α 2 ′
under the condition of small floating body plane displacement, the floating body plane displacement delta and the change theta of the opening angle of the bow cable 1 Change of stern cable opening angle theta 2 Smaller, then the following can be obtained:
δ≈θ 1 L 1 ＝(α 1 ′-α 1 )L 1
δ≈θ 2 L 2 ＝(α 2 -α 2 ′)L 2
the plane constraint positioning precision of the floating body is delta max Under the action of water flow, the plane displacement of the floating body is not more than delta max . According to the equation, a floating body plane constraint positioning accuracy optimization determination equation set is established as follows:
wherein R, R 1 、R 2 、α 1 、α 2 、L 1 、L 2 Known as water flow force F 1 Can be determined according to actual measurement value or empirical value, alpha 1 ′、α 2 ′、T 1 ′、T 2 Unknown, obtaining G according to the above equation set by using an optimization method 2 0 . I.e. the weight of the counterweight driving block is set to G 2 0 Can ensure that the plane displacement constraint change of the floating body does not exceed delta max . (actually, when the water level is unchanged, the length of the bow and stern cable changesThe change is caused by the change of the tension of the cable, and the elongation caused by the change of the tension of the cable is related to the rigidity of the cable, so that an equation of the elongation of the cable and the elastic modulus of the cable is also introduced. )
For how the self-positioning floating facility realizes self-adaptive water level lifting, the water level amplitude can be adapted by adjusting the different diameter ratios of the first rotating piece to the third rotating piece and the second rotating piece to the third rotating piece. The following is a detailed description of the formula, where the coincidence is expressed as: r-third rotor radius, R 1 -first rotor radius, R 2 -second rotor radius, H-water level amplitude, L 1 -float bow cable throwing length at low water level, L 2 -float stern cable throwing length, L at low water level 1 ' length of floating body bow cable at high water level, L 2 The length of the floating body stern end cable at the' -high water level is obtained according to the cosine law:
the elongation of the obtained bow end cable and the stern end cable are respectively as follows:
ΔL 1 ＝L 1 ′-L 1
ΔL 2 ＝L 2 ′-L 2
the displacement of the counter weight driving block in the corresponding floating body is delta P, and as the rotation angles of the first rotating piece, the second rotating piece and the third rotating piece are equal, the displacement is delta P:
float with floating deviceThe maximum displacement height of the internal counterweight driving block is delta P max Then:
the upper part is the different diameter ratio of the first rotating part and the third rotating partThe different diameter ratio of the second rotating part and the third rotating part +.>Is defined in the specification. By setting the reducing ratio meeting the condition, the adaptability of the floating body to the large water level amplitude variation under the condition of small displacement of the third rotating member is realized.
In addition, when the invention is implemented, if the unidirectional water flow velocity is smaller, a single-shaft working mode can be adopted, namely, one cable is respectively arranged at the front and the rear along the water flow direction and is tensioned. When the unidirectional water flow velocity is large, a plurality of single-shaft systems can be arranged to resist the water flow. Two or more cables are respectively arranged at the front and the back along the water flow direction and are tensioned.
The single-shaft system can only adapt to the condition of unidirectional flow velocity, namely, the bow-stern cable is coplanar with the flow velocity direction, when transverse flow or multidirectional flow exists, if the single-shaft system is still used, the transverse flow effect cannot be resisted, and the transverse displacement can occur under the condition of transverse flow coupling. It is also possible to provide a plurality of independent single shaft systems and to enhance the resistance to small cross-flow by providing a cable out-splayed arrangement (such as the cables shown in phantom in fig. 1) or a cross-cable arrangement (i.e., the cables shown in phantom in fig. 1 may be modified to be cross-laid).
In addition, when the water flow is multi-directional, the arrangement mode of the cables is only adopted, so that the cables cannot keep the cables stable, and the multi-axis linkage can be adopted to resist the multi-directional flow.
Therefore, the scheme of the invention can realize the plane constraint positioning of the floating facility on water under different water levels and different flow rates. In the prior patent application scheme of the applicant, a pulley is adopted to hoist the weight, and because the tension of a cable is unchanged all the time, the floating facility must offset the water flow force by shifting to generate angle change, so that the prior patent scheme only can realize micro-drifting but cannot realize accurate positioning by reasonably setting the weight of the weight. According to the scheme, the water flow force is counteracted through the elastic deformation and the internal force adjustment of the front end cable and the rear end cable, so that the floating facility can realize the requirement of accurate positioning as long as two cables have cable force. Meanwhile, the invention can realize automatic winding and unwinding of the mooring rope under the amplitude of the ultra-large water level. In the prior patent application scheme of the applicant, a pulley is adopted to hoist the weight, so that the cable can not be proportionally shortened and retracted, and the weight is required to be placed in water, so that the uncertainty is increased too much. Through the mode of big or small axle in this application scheme, realized the proportion of hawser and shortened the receive and releases, and the heavy object piece is arranged in the box, conveniently changes and overhauls.

Claims (9)

1. The floating device comprises a floating platform floating on the water surface, and further comprises a floating platform self-positioning system, wherein the floating platform self-positioning system comprises a front end cable arranged at one end of the floating platform facing the water flow direction and a rear end cable arranged at one end opposite to the water flow direction, the lower end of the front end cable is obliquely anchored under water, and the lower end of the rear end cable is obliquely anchored under water.
2. The self-adaptive water level lifting and plane restraining positioning floating device according to claim 1, wherein a fixed pulley is arranged on the lower surface of the floating platform corresponding to the front end cable winding section and the rear end cable winding section, and the front end cable and the rear end cable are respectively wound around the corresponding fixed pulleys and then are connected with the rotary drum member in a winding way.
3. The adaptive water level lifting and planar constrained positioning floating device of claim 2 wherein the fixed sheave is mounted on a fixed sheave seat that is horizontally rotatable.
4. The self-adaptive water level lifting and planar constrained positioning floating device as claimed in claim 2, wherein a vertical flexible sleeve is arranged between the fixed pulley and the rotary drum member, and the front end cable and the rear end cable are respectively connected through the corresponding flexible sleeve and the rotary drum member.
5. The adaptive water level lifting and planar constrained positioning floating device of claim 1, wherein the front end cable wrapping section and the rear end cable wrapping section are equiradially disposed and have a diameter greater than the diameter of the counterweight sling wrapping section.
6. The adaptive water level lifting and planar constrained positioning floating device of claim 1, wherein the floating platform is provided with a pod, and the counterweight drive block is suspended within the pod.
7. The adaptive water level lifting and planar constrained positioning floating apparatus of claim 1 wherein the drum member is rotatably mounted by bearings on a support frame which is secured to the floating platform.
8. The self-adaptive water level lifting and plane restraining positioning floating device according to claim 1, wherein the front end cable winding section and the rear end cable winding section are respectively provided with a sliding sleeve capable of sliding axially by means of splines, and the front end cable and the rear end cable are wound on the corresponding sliding sleeves.
9. The floating device for self-adaptive water level lifting and plane constraint positioning according to claim 1, wherein the floating platform self-positioning system is provided with two sets, the rotary drum members of the two sets of floating platform self-positioning systems are horizontally arranged at intervals in parallel, and the front end cables and the rear end cables of the two sets of floating platform self-positioning systems are respectively connected to the opposite sides or the opposite sides of the two rotary drum members;
the lower ends of the front end cable and the rear end cable are respectively fixed on anchor ingots corresponding to the water bottom.
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