FI58598C - ADJUSTMENT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HETEROGENEOUS PRODUCTS AND FRACTION - Google Patents

Description

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Spain-Spain (ES) ^ 31053 (71) Empresa Nacional Adaro de Investigaciones Mineras, S.A., Calle de Serrano ll6, Madrid-6, Spain-Spain (ES),

Bureau of Mines, U.S. Interior Department, Springfield, Virginia, USA (72) Martin Cavanna Manso, Madrid, Jorge Sanches Almaraz, Madrid, Spain-Spain (ES), Paul Sullivan, College Park, Maryland, Harry V. Makar,

The present invention relates to a plant for dividing a heterogeneous product into two parts (7M Oy Kolster Ab (5 * 0 Plant for dividing a heterogeneous product into two parts) light and heavy) and specially designed for the treatment of municipal solid waste.

The current scarcity of raw materials and the expected scarcity of raw materials will force us to try to re-use all or part of all types of waste in urban centers and industries when possible.

These recovered and classified components can still be used either to convert them back to their original state or for secondary use.

With regard to urban waste, and in accordance with known analyzes of its composition, an important part of it, which we may call the light part, consists of paper, cardboard, plastic and textile fibers. Separated from other components (metals, glass, fermentable, organic and other substances), this is 2 58598 would represent an important source of raw material if used for pulp production, or a potential source of energy if used as a fuel, or could have other secondary uses. , such as converted into building materials.

Po. The invention relates to a mechanical tearing process which, in combination with a compressed air collection and transport system, allows a high percentage of recovery from this light part.

Since this is a completely new field, there are very few such known devices. In the past, some vertical, compressed air backflow sorters are known, as well as manual sorting belts, which form part of some plants for converting waste into organic fertilizers.

The process of the present invention allows a high percentage of recovery from this light portion with minimal manual labor, as the separation can be fully automatic. Given its origin, the product obtained can at the same time be of good quality, since the impurities it contains, which come from the substances for which this light part has generally acted as packaging, can be regarded as negligible.

The product obtained, i.e. the lightweight part of paper, board, plastic and textile fibers requires subsequent conversion processes, but already has a direct and real commercial value. Solid municipal waste is usually collected in paper and plastic bags, and these bags contain the ingredients we are interested in. In other cases, where the waste is collected in central containers, all the ingredients are mixed together very heterogeneously.

The plant according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises, arranged in series: a) a tear mill consisting of a housing with an open bottom and inside which rotate two parallel shafts provided with chains designed to tear the material fed to the mill and provide an air flow which exits through the side outlet of the mill; (b) an air-operated manifold with an open bottom which is airtight and connected to the outlet of the mill and which has a guide plate inside and an adjustable opening in the housing; (c) a conveyor belt known per se which is directly below the mill and the hood and moves 3 58598 months away from the mill towards the outlet of the hood; (d) a settling cyclone or centrifuge known per se connected to the top of the hood; and e) a dust collector known per se connected to the cyclone.

When waste travels at chains that are rotated at a certain speed, their components become torn apart, causing only fragile parts (glass, ceramics, etc.) to be crushed. At the same time, the rotation of the chains creates the effect of a direct drive fan directed towards the outlet on the side of the mill. The removal is carried out from the lower part of the mill by means of a conveyor belt, which is protected from the parts rotated by the chains by a shelf consisting of two oblique planes. In this way, the heavy part is taken out of the mill by means of a conveyor belt and the light part is taken out by an air flow generated by rotating chains, like a compressed air conveying system.

The only figure in the accompanying schematic drawing shows by way of example a way of arranging the components forming the system according to the invention. Figure 1 shows the housing of a shredder; 2 feed cones; 3 two shafts to which the chains are attached; 4 protective shelves; 5 conveyor belts; 6 mills with collection booths; 7 and 8 adjustable openings in the side surfaces of the hood; 9 baffles and 10 outlets for material not assembled by the hood; arrow 11 indicates the current drawn by the settling cyclone 14; arrow 12 indicates the current produced by the mill and arrow 13 indicates the flow entering through said outlet 10.

Both the settling cyclone 14 and the dust collector 15 are standard devices.

The second device is located at the side-outlet of the mill (first device) and consists of a compressed air manifold connected to a lowering cyclone 14, the suction or traction of which is effected by a dust collector 15. The light substance which collects at the bottom of the cyclone 14 is taken out by the sealant. device or other system. The collection box forms part of another device that complements the system. Its construction must meet the following requirements: - The device 6 with its mills must be airtight and large enough for the passage of larger objects; - the air intake points provided by the sliding plates are located on the side surfaces 7 and 8 of the manifold and allow the correct flow control depending on the properties of the substance to be treated; - the baffle plate 9, which is located inside the collecting hood and the length and inclination of which can be adjusted, divides the hood into two parts: a straight collecting chamber and a recovery chamber for the substance separated from a certain class; - the hood outlet 10 has a device for size adjustment depending on the products to be treated and the operation of the recovery chamber.

This hood achieves the following effects:

The flow 11 of air drawn by the cyclone 14 is the sum of the flow 12 and the backflow 13 generated by the mill, carrying part of the light part, the latter coming into the hood through its side outlet 10 and recovering the light part of this exiting part.

The air flows into and out of the hood can be controlled by valves located in the dust collector 15, the settling cyclone 14 and the hood itself. These valves are interrelated in terms of the final effect achieved.

The adjustment of the adjustable collector parts of the process depends on the characteristics of the products to be processed, the desired output and the desired quality of the light parts.

The system of the present invention is applicable in industry to facilities for treating solid light in plants treating solid municipal waste.

The system or part thereof may also be used to separate a combination of light and heavy parts in another sector of industry.