DK141318B - Installations for separating waste into a heavy and light part. - Google Patents

Description

«141318

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a plant for separating waste into a heavy portion and a light portion, said plant comprising a housing containing shaft-borne, elongate treatment members, the lower portion of which is open and located above a conveyor belt on which the heavy portions are extended. of the plant while the light parts are sucked away.

The current and projected scarcity of raw materials and energy makes it necessary, where possible, to recycle all or part of the components of any 10 types of waste produced in urban areas and industries.

These recycled and sorted components can be re-used either for recycling to their original state or for secondary use.

15 As is well known, garbage consists of light and heavy components and a substantial part of the lightweight consists of paper, cardboard, plastic and textile fibers. When this component is separated from the other components (metals, glass, fermentable organic materials and other), this component will represent a major source of raw materials if used for pulp production, or a possible source of energy if used as fuel. , or it may have other secondary uses, such as reprocessing for building materials.

The present plant enables the recovery of a high percentage of this light component.

What is peculiar to the plant according to the invention is that the waste is introduced into a tear-off mill through an opening located over two shafts carrying the processing elements which tear the waste and consists of radial chains arranged to produce an air flow which is introduced into a collecting cap, said housing of said tearing mill being closed over one inwardly extending end of said conveyor belt, said conveyor moving from said housing toward said collecting cap, said collecting cap being in close contact with said tearing mill having an open bottom and a collecting housing having openings of adjustable size, and that a secretion cyclone is attached to the upper part of the cap.

The plant according to the invention enables the recovery of a high percentage of this light component with the least amount of manual work, since the sorting takes place solely automatically. At the same time, the product produced, having regard to its origin, is of high quality, since the impurities contained in the product originating from the substances for which this light component usually served as packaging can be considered minimal.

The product produced, i.e. the lightweight component of paper, cardboard, plastic and textile fibers will require subsequent machining processes, but already has a direct commercial value in itself. Garbage pick-up is usually collected in paper or plastic bags and these bags contain the components of interest in this regard. In other circumstances where the garbage is collected in centralized containers, all the components are mixed together in a very heterogeneous manner.

Accordingly, the first part of the system according to the invention consists briefly of an apparatus which raises such bags and releases the garbage which can then be sorted.

Since it is intended to recover the light tea component, the second part of the plant according to the invention consists briefly of a pneumatic separator which divides the original mixture into two components: a light component and a heavy component.

The invention will be described in more detail below with the aid of an exemplary embodiment with reference to the figure which shows an exemplary embodiment of a location of elements which constitute the plant according to the invention.

In the figure, 1 denotes a housing for a demolition mill, 2 an entrance funnel, 3 two shafts with attached chains, 4 a protective shield, 5 a conveyor belt, 6 the joint of the mill with a collecting cap, 7 and 8 adjustable openings in the lateral facing planes. on the cap, 9 a baffle and 10 an outlet for the material not collected by the cap. 11 is an arrow showing the direction of flow of the air sucked in by a discharge cyclone 14, 12 is an arrow 5 showing the flow produced by the mill, and 13 is an arrow showing the flow entering through said output 10.

The mill consists of a housing which, as mentioned, contains two shafts which rotate in the opposite direction and to which a number of link chains are fixed perpendicularly. The design of these is determined by the capacity of the plant. The opening between the shafts can be controlled by any complete system.

As the garbage passes between the chains that rotate at a certain rate, its components are torn apart, crushing only fragile components such as glass, ceramics and similar components.

At the same time, the rotation of the chains produces the effect of a directly driven blower directed at the side outlet of the mill 20. Removal is done from the lower part of the mill by means of a conveyor belt which is protected against the elements thrown by the chains by means of a screen consisting of two oblique planes. In this way, the heavy component is taken out of the mill by the conveyor belt 25 and the light component of the air flow produced by the pivoting chains corresponding to a pneumatic conveying system.

Both the discharge cyclone 14 and the dust collector 15 are common constructions.

The suction or pull effect of the separating cyclone 14 is provided by a dust collector 15. The light material collected in the lower part of the cyclone 14 is taken out by a compressing conveyor or other device. The design of the collection cap must meet the following requirements:

The connection 6 to the mill must be hermetic and sufficiently large to allow passage of larger objects, air intake regulated by means of a cloud.

Claims (2)

141318 plates are disposed on inclined side surfaces 7 and 8 of the collection cap and enable effective flow control according to the properties of the treated materials, a guide member 9 within the collection cap, which is 5 adjustable in length and inclination, divides the cap into two parts: the direct the collecting chamber and the chamber for recovering the filtered material, and the outlet of the cap 10 must have a device for sizing according to the processed products and the operation of the recycling chamber. By means of this cap, it is obtained that the stream 11 of air sucked up by the cyclone 14 is the sum of the stream 12 which is produced by the mill and entails part of the light component and the backward stream 15 13 which enters the the cap through its input 10 and recovers the portion of the lightweight component that tends to escape. The air flow entering and exiting the hood can be regulated by flaps placed in the dust collector 20 15, in the discharge cyclone 14 and in the hood itself. These flaps interact with each other for the final resultant effect. The setting of the adjustable collection elements in the plant depends on the characteristics of the 25 treated products, the desired performance and the quality of the lightweight components which are desired to be produced. The plant of the present invention is industrially useful for mechanizing the separation of the light component of the 30 garbage treatment plant. The plant can also be used for pneumatic separation of a mixture of light and heavy components in other industrial areas. An installation for separating waste into a heavy section 35 and a light section, said plant comprising a housing containing shaft-borne, elongate treatment members, the lower part of which is open and located above a conveyor.