FI57803B - PRESS FOER FRAMSTAELLNING AV FORMSTYCKEN - Google Patents

Description

γβ1 «« χ ANNOUNCEMENT ςποΠ7 $ ΒΓ (£ lBJ ^ utlAgcnincsskrift bf ον 5 C (45) Patent uy'tr.r.etty 10 13 1330 'GgS' (5 ,, k, X ^ * T £ J 3/00, B 29 J 5/06 FINLAND — FINLAND (21) PnwMdWwmii · —PaMMamBMng 317T / 70 (22) H * k * mi <plWt — An * 6knln | * di | 25-11.70 (23) ΑΙΙαφΙΜ — GiM | h «fdag 25-11.70 (41) Interpreters Jutktoakal - vests cffmltg l6.01.72 rumttj. Nklttarilminti »« «n · ***», i, *** · * «.,» .- Nitan ». Och ragietentymlMn 7 AmMcu» titltfd och utl-ckrMtan publiMnd 30.06.80 (32) (33) (31) Pyydvtty «TuoHc« uf — β «| * Η priority 15.07.70

Federal Republic of Germany-Förbundsrepubliken Tyskland (DE) P 2035053.2 Proof-Styrkt (71) Furnier- und Sperrholzwerk J.F. Werz Jr. K.G. Werzalit-Pressholzverk, 71 ^ 1 Oberstenfeld b. Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany-Forbundsrepub-liken Tyskland (DE) (72) Edmund E. Munk, Oberstenfeld, Federal Republic of Germany-Förbundsrepubliken Tyskland (DE) (7M Leitzinger Oy (5 * 0 Press molds) - Press for framställning av formstycken

The invention relates to a press for producing moldings from a non-flowable mixture of lignocellulosic parts and a binder, the press having a lower molding part for receiving the molding and a corresponding upper molding part having at least one side surface at an angle to the vertical or the pressing direction.

The lignocellulosic particles may be in the form of chips or fibers and as a suitable adhesive as a binder. By selecting the desired surface shapes of the mold parts, the press can be used to make moldings of different shapes. In general, mold surfaces are generally basin-shaped containers. If the angle of the interconnected mold surfaces or the angle between the obliquely up or down surface and the compression direction is large enough, there is no difficulty in compressing the molded part, but it is sufficient to introduce the flow to be compressed with the required strength . However, if the limit angle in question, i.e. the feed angle, is exceeded, the moldings must be made in such a way that the compression mass is brought into the space formed by, for example, the core surface and the side pusher compression surfaces. surfaces. The pressing cycle then takes place in such a way that the presses from both the top and one or more sides press until the desired density of the material is reached. It is also already known that such a press operates in such a way that certain parts of the press mold are introduced from above and the other parts from below at the same time or in a certain order. All such presses are particularly complex and expensive because the tools used, in order for the pressing device to function properly, must be precisely adapted to the functions in question, and the number of different presses or pressing tools causes the device to be considerably expensive.

To the extent that the compressible moldings are hollow bodies, it has also already been proposed that the manufacturing method be divided into two steps, the cavity being geometrically divided into individual, flat-compressible parts and the pre-pressed sections However, despite the fact that this method requires a large number of individual tools and is relatively expensive to use, it cannot be used with practically all the contours in question.

The greatest difficulty in pressing surfaces that are steep in the compression direction is that even if the top surface of the material used is slightly inclined, the top-acting compression tool tends to bring the material in the compression direction. and standing together; but this results in an uneven material distribution and thus in part insufficient and in part high density.

The object of the invention is to avoid the above-mentioned drawbacks and to provide a press in which a compression mold movable in the compression direction is prevented from entraining fibrous particles in cases where the side walls are at a relatively steep angle to the horizontal base plane or form only a slight deflection angle.

57803 To achieve this purpose, a press according to the invention is characterized in that in the lower mold part one or more surfaces at a steep angle of less than 90 ° are provided with a nearly horizontal base plane, provided with sharp-edged stair-shaped steps, and that the upper mold part is formed as a smooth wall so that the entrainment of the pressing material resting against said surface at a steep angle is prevented as the two mold parts move relative to each other.

This stepwise formation causes the fibrous material to be stopped by individual steps and to separate at individual angles from the associated and co-occurring material, which is further compressed without taking this material down. The effect of such a step-like formation is better the sharper the individual step steps are at their outer angle. As is most preferred, the upwardly facing surfaces of the individual steps and the surfaces almost parallel to the direction of compression are at right angles to each other and include an angle of less than 90 °.

When the compression mass is introduced into the mold in such a way that the feed height is different with respect to the feed angle, for example such that the lower part of the mold is given a higher feed height than the upper part, this fact must be taken into account in order to achieve the same constant density. the angle between the surface is greater than the angle between the direction of compression and the surface conceived through the angles of the individual steps. In this way, it is achieved that the wall thickness of the steep-walled part of the body, according to the example, continuously increases from top to bottom, and the associated horizontal or almost horizontal plate is thicker than the plate horizontally connected to the upper end of the steep-walled part.

If, for example, the press is used in such a way that a matrix with a stepped wall surface and a matrix with a smooth upper surface to be printed during this pressing step is used to produce the hollow body, it can first be done manually so that the press fills the entire mold and protrudes so much, so that it corresponds to the expected density. The upper interface of the filled mass is then a horizontal plane. The matrix and the matrix must be matched to these relationships exactly as described above if the same density is to be obtained at all locations. In this selected example, it is necessary to take into account not only that the wall thickness in the finished part increases in the direction of the base, but also that the greater thickness of the base part is taken into account so that the matrix length is smaller than the matrix depth so that the upper end tool has a higher end surface. a distance from the corresponding surface of the counter-tool as from the upper edge of the tool coming from above the upper edge or upper end surface of the counter-tool. The cavity body thus obtained then has a continuously increasing wall thickness and the base thickness is greater than the wall thickness at the upper edge.

In order to avoid too great a change in the thickness of the oblique surface, i.e. in the example described above, and even to achieve the same wall thickness everywhere, a certain part of the compression mass can be removed from the upper surface of the filled, first flat material so that the upper surface of the material is shaped accordingly, trough-shaped recess. In this case, the shaped body can be made in such a way that the wall thickness in the compression direction increases only slightly or the same constant wall thickness is achieved.

Most preferably, however, the filling of the compression mass in this case does not take place by hand and possibly also by means of a sprinkler, but by blowing. In this case, the tool acting from above is placed so far from the lower tool that the lower part of the mold is covered with a correspondingly shaped screen, the surface of which is bent so that the material to be blown in acquires a surface shape corresponding to the desired density. It should be noted here, however, that the 57803 5 does not exceed the allowable angle of inclination in order to prevent the material from slipping after removal of the screen. However, when the blowing takes place at a certain pressure, it is possible to achieve that the permissible angle of inclination is relatively steep, since the parts glued to the compression mass may have a sufficiently high mutual adhesion.

The method according to the invention offers the advantage that even at a very steep angle between the horizontal or almost horizontal surface of the shaped body and the associated surface, possibly a steep wall, the individual parts of the compression mass remain in place during the compression step without the smooth-walled tool engaging each other. In this way, the required material density for each location is obtained.

When using the idea of the invention, it does not matter, of course, which tool acts from above against a corresponding counter-tool on the compression mass. Similarly, it does not matter whether the lower tool moves up or the upper tool down, or whether both tools move against each other.

In the following, the device according to the invention will be described by means of the accompanying drawings with arbitrarily selected examples.

Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a compression mold for making a beam-shaped hollow body, in which a lower tool is made in accordance with the invention as a stepped matrix and an upper tool in a smooth-walled matrix, respectively; Figures 2, 3 and 4 each show a partial section on a larger scale of the matrix corresponding to the section Q marked with a dotted line in Figure 1, in three different embodiments of the steps;

Figure 5 shows a cross-section of the matrix of Figure 1 with a manually filled compression mass;

Figure 6 shows a cross-section of the same matrix filled by blowing and through a sieve;

Figure 7 shows a cross-section of the compression mold at the end of the compression step; 6 57803

Fig. 8 shows another example in which, in order to produce a U-shaped profile open at both ends, the lower tool according to the invention is made as a stepped matrix and the upper tool as a smooth-walled matrix, all in a vertical section perpendicular to the plane of central symmetry of the U-profile;

Fig. 9 shows a cross-section of the lower tool of the mold according to Fig. 8 with a blown-in compression mass and a screen limiting it;

Fig. 10 shows a cross-section of the compression mold according to Figs. 8 and 9 at the end of the compression step;

Fig. 11 shows a cross-section of the same lower tool as in Fig. 8, but provided with a crimping tool for obtaining a uniform wall thickness, in the final position of the crimping step;

Fig. 12 shows the following example, in which the lower tool is formed in a matrix-like shape and the upper tool in a patric-like shape, all in a vertical section perpendicular to the pulled-up edge of the drawn-out upper tools, to produce a flat plate;

Fig. 13 shows the mold of Fig. 12 in the final position of the pressing step.

In the examples described below, it is arbitrarily shown to treat a beam-like, pressed foot on a horizontal plate, for example a burner, which is to be formed as an upwardly opening hollow body and in which the lower tool is formed as a matrix. The corresponding matrix is then driven either after filling the compression mass into the top-standing permanent matrix or the matrix from below against the permanent patch. In the following, it is required that the matrix be brought against the permanent matrix from above.

In Fig. 1, the matrix is denoted by the number 1 and the matrix by the number 2. The matrix is arranged so that its discharge opening 1a is directed upwards. As can be seen from Figure 1, the side surface of the recess in the matrix j 7 57803 is formed stepwise so that the steps 11 form a surface parallel or almost parallel to the compression direction α, i.e. approximately vertical. pin 111 and an almost rectangular surface, i.e. an almost horizontal surface 112. The surface of the patria is, in contrast, completely smooth.

The inclination of the smooth side surface 21 of the conical pressing pusher 2 with respect to the pressing direction α corresponds to an angle α which is greater than the angle 3 between the pressing direction α and the surface intended to pass through the corners of the individual steps 11. The lower surface 22 of the pusher 2 is slightly rounded in the shape of a cap and joins the side surface 21 without a sharp angle. The total length L of the downwardly projecting part of the matrix 2 is somewhat shorter than the depth T of the recess 1a in the matrix 1. Such a shape of the matrix gives a downwardly increasing wall thickness of the hollow body with the largest thickness on the bottom surface.

The upward surfaces 112 of the stepped steps within the matrix can also be formed from a surface exactly vertical in the compression direction, so that the step angle between the vertical surface 111 is parallel to the compression direction α and γ = 90 °. However, in some circumstances, it is also advantageous to form the upwardly facing surfaces of the individual steps so as to be inclined upward from the front angle to the vertically extending surface of the next step, with the angle γ '<90 ° between the upwardly inclined surface 112 and the vertically extending surface 111. (compare Figure 3). In this way, the possible post-slip of individual parts of the compression mass is pushed even more securely when the pusher 2 is pushed in so that the compression mass at each step above the upwardly facing surface 112 also becomes fully compressed at this location. The angle between the interconnected surfaces of the next step is greater than 90 ° must be strictly avoided, since in this case the post-slip of the compression mass particles cannot be avoided.

Of course, it is also possible that the surfaces of the individual steps almost parallel to the compression direction are made inclined at a certain angle against the compression direction, as shown in Fig. * +. In this case, of course, it is particularly important to note that the almost horizontal surfaces of the individual steps are not inclined in such a way as to promote the reading of the particles forming the compression mass. The angle γ must therefore not exceed 90 °.

In contrast to the outer corners 35 (Fig. 2), which are made as sharp as possible, the inner corners 38 of the individual steps between the two successive steps are most preferably made slightly rounded. In this way, the corresponding corners of the finished compression piece, which then form the outer corners, become protected at the corners against breakage of the material.

Fig. 5 shows a matrix 1 with a hollow space 1a filled with a compression mass, it being intended that the compression mass is filled by hand. In order to avoid that either a large thickness of the base of the mold is required, or a strong condensation of the lower parts of the mold, the upper surface 3 of the mixture to be pressed, which would otherwise be flat, is provided with a trough-shaped saving 3 '. removing part of the compression mass from the center of the recess 1a.

Such a shape becomes particularly advantageous when a relatively complex method is used as a whole, the filling is not done by hand or by a sprinkler as just mentioned, but the blow mass is blown into shape, the upper surface of the blown material being limited by a suitably shaped sieve during blowing. removed to pass through the compression operation.

Figure 6 shows the matrix 1 with the screen 4 behind it. Between the screen and the matrix, a compression mass is introduced into the interior of the matrix by blowing. The bending of the walls of the sieve corresponds, as is preferred, approximately to the external shape of the patria and must in any case be chosen so as not to exceed the pouring angle at which the compression mass flows. However, with a suitable choice of the angle of curvature of the wall, it is possible to introduce the compression mass by blowing in so that a uniform thickness of the pre-compressed shaped body can also be achieved with a uniform density.

After filling the matrix, either in the manner of Fig. 5 or in the manner of Fig. 6, the matrix 2 is pressed in and the compression mass is compressed according to the dimensions of the matrix and the matrix, as shown in Fig. 7 in a vertical cross-section. The pressing piece 5 then acquires the shape shown in grid line in its cross section according to Fig. 7.

Figure 8 shows another use example for implementing the inventive idea. It assumes that an open U-profile with steep branches must be made at both ends, and the outer surface is smooth and the inner surface can be arbitrarily shaped. In this case, the lower mold is formed so that the inner surface of the U-profile corresponds to a patric-shaped, longitudinal U-profile core 102, the side surfaces of which according to the invention consist of steps 150, each step of a compression surface 151 and an upward surface 152 and each individual surface. both surfaces of the step - just as described above are rectangular with respect to each other With respect to the formation of the steps, the principles mentioned in connection with Figures 2, 3 and 4 apply in principle.

In order to provide a filling space limitation for the compression mass, it is closed by a vertical, flat surface 103 parallel to the plane of central symmetry of the U-profile as well as by two smooth, flat surfaces 103 'at the end of the profile fixed perpendicular to this surface 103.

In this case, the upper tool is made into a smooth-walled, basin-shaped matrix with both ends open. This tool is pressed into the filling space delimited by the walls 103 and 103 ', whereby its outer surfaces are guided by these walls 103 and 103'.

If it is assumed that the shape contained in the matrix 102 is filled with a compression mass so that it is closed by a flat surface covering the upward surface of the matrix 102 'with a mass thickness corresponding to the compression, then the matrix must of course be formed so as to have a uniform seal. uniformly increasing wall thickness, with the largest wall thickness being formed in the direction of the free edges of both branches of the U-profile. Thus, the depth of the cavity 101a of the matrix 101 must be less than the height of the matrix 102 so that the lateral inner surfaces of the matrix are at a greater angle of inclination to the compression direction than the surface intended to connect the individual steps of the matrix.

10 57803

Of course, when filling the compression mass into the mold by a blow molding process, during which the mold is achieved by means of a sieve, this sieve can be formed in such a way that other arbitrary ratios can be achieved for the U-profile wall thickness, provided the permissible filling angle is not exceeded. In Fig. 9, the shape filled by blowing into the cartridge 102 is covered by a screen 104, the shape of which is selected so that the pressing mass 102a fits almost in the shape of the cartridge on its upper surface.

If the screen 104 is now removed and the matrix is driven in instead - of course, the movements can also be opposite and the matrix 102 can move towards the fixed matrix 102 from below - then the compression cycle is continued until the desired compaction mass is achieved and both compression tools are as shown in Figure 10. , in a mutual position. The compression mass is then compressed into a cross-marked shaped body 105 and, for example, when a thermosetting binder is used, is cured by means of a corresponding heating.

Instead of the wall thickness shown in Fig. 10, increasing in the direction of the free sides of the branches of the U-profile, the body can also have a uniform wall thickness, as shown in Fig. 11, by a suitable choice of different angles. In this case, the angle of the side surfaces of the matrix 101 with respect to the compression direction obviously corresponds exactly to the angle of the surface thought through the individual steps of the matrix 102 with respect to the compression direction, and the shaped body 105 has the cross-sectional shape shown in the cross-section.

Of course, a uniform wall thickness can also be achieved, even when the filling heights at different locations in the mold are different (approximately as shown in Figure 9) provided they are forced to an uneven density, for example in the embodiment of Figure 1 increasing to the bottom of the hollow body and in Figure 8 against the sides with increasing material density.

A further developed example for implementing the idea of the invention is shown in Figures 12 and 13. It relates here to the production of a flat plate in which one of its edges is pulled up at a steep angle and the edge is provided with an outwardly bent edge strip. The lower tool 202 is in this case constructed in the form of a matrix, the upper tool 201 in the form of a matrix. Figure 12 shows the opened mold in vertical section in the direction of the horizontally drawn edge. The left side of the mold is cut off with a broken line because it is not relevant to the invention.

As can be seen from the figure, the steeply extending surface of the matrix 202 is provided with steps 211 and is thus formed in the form of a step. The upwardly facing surfaces 221 of the individual steps and the surfaces 222 almost parallel to the compression direction may be formed as required in accordance with Figures 2, 3 or 4. To construct a strip-like, outwardly extending appendage, a corresponding space 225 must be provided at the top of the inclined surface.

The patrician is smooth-walled. The pressing surface corresponding to the sharply beveled raised edge of the matrix forms the same angle with the horizontal as the surface intended to pass through the corners of the step steps. The matrix is formed so that the thickness of the plate itself is greater than the drawn edge and the strip attached thereto.

Figure 13 shows the mold in the closed state at the end of the pressing cycle. The finished molding 250 is marked with a cross line.

The method according to the invention, of course, allows for arbitrary variations and can be used in a correspondingly suitable manner wherever moldings have to be made in which the different surfaces are connected to each other at a steep angle (but not at a right angle).

O

Claims (7)

A press for making moldings of an uncontaminated mixture of lignocellulosic components and a binder, said press comprising a lower press mold part (1) for receiving the mixture intended for pressing and a corresponding Upper press mold part (2) having at least one vertical direction. or angularly directed lateral surface (21), characterized in that in the lower compression molding part (1), one or more angular surfaces less than 90 ° are connected to a substantially horizontal base plane (imagined surface x). , which are provided with sharp-edged stair-shaped ladders (11), and that the upper press-mold part (2) is formed with a smooth wall (21) in such a way that the surface of the said surface (inclined at said angular angle) surface x) is prevented as the two press mold parts move with respect to each other. Press according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer edges (35) of the individual ladders (11) lie in the plane which is perpendicular to the direction of pressing (a). 3. Apparatus · according to claim 1, characterized in that the surfaces (111) of the individual ladders (11) substantially inclined in the pressing direction are inclined with respect to the pressing direction at the same angle or less angle than the wall of the pressing piece (Fig. 4). Press according to Claim 1, characterized in that the surfaces of the individual ladders (11) from above downwardly directed surfaces (111) are parallel to the pressing direction (2) (Figs. 2 and 3). Press according to Claim 1, characterized in that the surface (111) of the step (11) is parallel or substantially parallel to the surface (111) directed towards the pressing direction (2) and the lower stage (11).