FI20225515A1 - EXTERIOR WALL ELEMENT AND BUILDING - Google Patents

Abstract

The outer wall element has a heat insulation layer with a first surface and a second surface, the first surface plate (12) on the first surface of the heat insulation layer, which is made of metal, and the second surface plate (14) on the second surface of the heat insulation layer. The water vapor permeability of the second surface plate of the outer wall element is essentially greater than the water vapor permeability of the first surface plate. The second surface board can be a gypsum board or wood fiber board suitable as a building's wind protection board.

Description

Exterior wall element and building

Field of the invention —The object of the invention is an external wall element with a heat insulation layer, where the heat insulation layer has a first surface and a second surface, the first surface plate on the first surface of the heat insulation layer, which is made of metal, and the second surface plate on the second surface of the heat insulation layer.

The object of the invention is also a building with an exterior wall, where the exterior wall has — exterior wall elements according to the invention.

The level of technology

In particular, in the construction of the outer walls of industrial buildings, factory-made sandwich elements are commonly used, with a ready-made surface plate inside the element, an outer surface plate and a thermal insulation layer between the surface plates. The surface plates are thin metal plates and they are attached directly to the surface of the thermal insulation layer. The elements are usually installed in place on the outer wall in a horizontal position so that the long sides of the overlapping elements are placed against each other. The inner and outer surface plate is surface-treated by painting, so that the outer wall is practically ready after the installation of the elements. In this case, the outer surface plate forms the exterior cladding of the outer wall, and the inner surface plate forms the inner cladding of the wall. One such element system is described in the publication

EP2657426 B1.

Em. the structure of the sandwich elements is challenging in terms of the building physical function of the outer wall. In the building regulations, the recommended construction method

N 25 — the water vapor resistance of the outer wall structure should also be the highest

N nasa and the water vapor resistance should decrease when moving from the inner surface to the outer surface of the wall

S per click. In addition, it is recommended to use a ventilation gap between the exterior cladding of the outer wall and the thermal insulation layer, through which the thermal insulation layer

Moisture that may pass through I can be ventilated away from the wall structure. * 30 — In the sandwich elements described above, these principles, which have been found to be generally good, are not implemented. As a result, the moisture that may get inside the sandwich element cannot leave the inside of the element, which causes damage to the outer wall.

Q moisture damage and deterioration of thermal insulation. Moisture damage to the exterior walls increases the building's repair and maintenance costs and lowers the value of the building.

In known sandwich elements, adjacent elements are attached to each other only by means of the pontoon structure on the edges of the elements. The airtightness of such a pontoon structure is often weak, which weakens the airtightness of the entire building and increases the need for heating energy. —The goal of the invention is to bring out an exterior wall element and a building that can reduce the problems associated with known technology. The goals according to the invention are achieved with an exterior wall element and a building, which are characterized by what is presented in the independent patent claims. Some advantageous embodiments of the invention are presented in non-independent patent claims. —A brief summary of the invention

The subject of the invention is an external wall element with a heat insulation layer, where the heat insulation layer has a first surface and a second surface, the first surface plate on the first surface of the heat insulation layer, which is made of metal, and the second surface plate on the second surface of the heat insulation layer. — The water vapor permeability of the second surface plate of the outer wall element is substantially greater than the water vapor permeability of the first surface plate.

In one advantageous embodiment of the outer wall element according to the invention, the second surface plate is made of a different material than the first surface plate. Preferably, the second surface board is a gypsum board or wood fiber board suitable as a building's wind protection board. —Another advantageous embodiment of the outer wall element according to the invention has a first side edge and a second side edge, where the side edges have an edge beam.

N In yet another advantageous embodiment of the outer wall element according to the invention

N do has a first end edge and a second end edge where the end edges have

S 25 — end beam. Advantageously, there is between the first end edge and the second end edge

O at least one intermediate beam parallel to the end beam.

I

= In yet another advantageous embodiment of the outer wall element according to the invention

In LO dosa, the edge beams, end beams and/or intermediate beams are made of wood.

LO

N In yet another advantageous embodiment of the outer wall element according to the invention

In N 30 — dosa, the edge beam has an outer lap surface, a first edge placed against the surface of the first surface plate and a second edge placed against the surface of the second surface plate.

In yet another advantageous embodiment of the outer wall element according to the invention, the edges of the first surface plate attached to the edge beam have an edge strip which is essentially at a right angle to the plane of the middle part of the first surface plate and which is placed against the outer flap surface of the edge beam. Advantageously, the free edge of the edge strip has a fastening edge which is essentially at right angles to the edge strip and the outer lap surface of the edge beam has a groove in which the fastening edge is arranged.

In yet another advantageous embodiment of the outer wall element according to the invention, the outer lap surface of the edge beam has a first groove and a second groove, — between which there is a gap between the first and second grooves, into which the positioning element of the outer wall element, such as the lower control tree of the plinth, can be fitted.

In yet another advantageous embodiment of the outer wall element according to the invention, the first groove has a side surface that is attached to the first surface plate and the second groove has a side surface that is attached to the second surface plate. —In yet another advantageous embodiment of the outer wall element according to the invention, the surface of the edge strip has a flexible and compressible sealing strip.

In yet another advantageous embodiment of the outer wall element according to the invention, the surface of the second surface plate has slats at a distance from each other, to which the slats are attached. —The building that is the subject of the invention has an exterior wall with exterior wall elements as described above. Outer wall elements are arranged in the outer wall in such a way that the side edges of the outer wall elements are essentially horizontal.

N In an advantageous embodiment of the building according to the invention, the exterior

N here are at least two outer wall elements on top of each other so that the lower outer

S 25 — the second side edge of the wall element is placed on the first of the upper outer wall element

The edge beams on the side edges placed against and opposite the O side edge are

I attached to each other with screws. a

Lo In another advantageous embodiment of the building according to the invention

LO is a frame that comprises at least two vertical load-bearing building parts, such as

N 30 — pillars that carry building parts are at a distance from each other and those mentioned

The edge beams of the N outer wall elements are attached from their first end to the first building part and from their other end to the second building part.

The advantage of the exterior wall element according to the invention is that it can be used to build exterior walls that function properly in terms of moisture. The invention thus reduces the amount of moisture damage and reduces the maintenance and repair costs of buildings.

The advantage of one embodiment of the invention is that it increases the bending resistance of the outer wall element, which makes it possible to increase the length of the elements.

Another advantage of an embodiment of the invention is that it enables overlapping elements to be connected to each other easily and reliably.

Brief description of the drawings

In the following, the invention is explained in detail. The description refers to — the attached drawings, in which figure 1a — shows an example of an exterior wall element according to the invention as viewed from the side, figure 1b — shows the exterior wall element shown in figure 1a as a cross-sectional view, figure 1c — shows a cross-section of the exterior wall element from a partial dimension at the other side edge, figure 2 shows an example of one the building according to the invention viewed from the top, figure 3a — shows, by way of example, the two outer wall elements of the building in figure 2 installed on top of each other as a cross-sectional view,

N 20 figure 3b shows a cross-section of two exterior wall elements that are installed on top of each other

O from the section size of the cuts at the side edges,

O

<Q figure 3c — shows a cross-section of an embodiment of the outer wall element 2 as a partial enlargement at the first side edge and

I a = figure 3d — shows, as an example, the connection between the exterior wall element of the building in figure 2 and = 25 — the plinth as a cross-sectional view. &

QA

O

OF

Detailed description of the invention

Figure 1a shows an example of an external wall element according to the invention as viewed from the side, and Figures 1b and 1c show the same external wall element as cross-sectional images. In the following, all the above-mentioned pictures are explained simultaneously. 5 The outer wall element is a tile-like building part with two essentially parallel side edges, the first side edge 16 and the second side edge 18, and two essentially parallel end edges, the first end edge 17 and the second end edge 19. The side edges are essentially longer than the end edges, i.e. ul- the cos wall element is rectangular. The width of the outer wall element, i.e. the distance between the side - edges, is preferably 1200 mm. The length of the outer wall element, i.e. the distance between the end edges, can be chosen on a case-by-case basis. Typically, the length of the outer wall element is 3500 mm-10,000 mm, but the outer wall element can also be over 20,000 mm long.

The side edges of the outer wall element have edge beams 20, which extend from the first end edge 17 to the second end edge 19. The edge beams are made of wood or wood-based material. There is a thermal insulation layer 10 between the edge beams.

The width and thickness of the edge beams can be chosen based on the thermal insulation required of the outer wall element and/or the bending resistance required of the outer wall element. The width of the edge bar can be, for example, 98 mm, 148 mm or 198 mm.

The thickness of the edge beam can be 36-48 mm. Preferably, the thickness of the edge beam is 42 mm. Both end edges 17, 19 of the outer wall element have end beams 31 and between the end beams there are a number of intermediate beams 33 at a distance from each other.

N 25 —but to the edge beam. The k/k spacing of the end beams is preferably 600 mm. edge pal-

N keys, end beams and intermediate beams preferably have the same cross-sectional dimensions. Together-

S connected edge beams, end beams and intermediate beams form the rigid part of the outer wall element

O body.

E: The edge beams have an inner flap surface 21 on the side of the thermal insulation layer, ele-

The outer flap surface 22 defining the level of the side edge of the Lo 30 —ment and the first margin

LO 24 and the other side 26. The thermal insulation layer can be any of the building's heat-

N material suitable as a block barrier, such as mineral wool, glass wool, wood fiber insulation

N tet or plastic-based insulating material. The first surface of the thermal insulation layer has a first surface plate 12 so that the edge of the first side of the edge beam 20 — is positioned against the surface of the first surface plate. The first surface plate is a thin metal plate, preferably a steel plate. The thickness of the first surface plate can be 0.4-1.0 mm, preferably 0.45 mm. The first surface plate extends as a single plate from the first side edge to the second side edge and from the first end edge to the second end edge. The first surface board is already surface-treated, in which case it functions as an internal cladding board for the outer wall element. The surface plate made of metal has a very high water vapor resistance, so it also acts as an effective vapor barrier layer in the outer wall element.

On the parallel edges of the edge beams of the first surface plate, there is an edge strip 13, which is essentially at right angles to the plane of the central part of the first surface plate 12 and which is positioned against the outer flap surface 22 of the edge beam 20. On the free edge of the edge band, there is a fastening edge 15 that folds from the level of the edge band at a right angle, towards the edge beam. There is a groove 27 on the outer lap surface of the edge beam, into which the fastening edge fits. The first surface plate is attached to the edges of the edge beam, end beams and intermediate beams with glue. The glue can be anything — glue suitable for gluing wood and metal or insulating material containing glue, such as polyurethane foam. In addition, the first surface plate is attached at both edges to the edge beams and at both ends to the end beams by nailing. Preferably, the nails used to fasten the edges are placed in the section of the edge band of the first surface plate, so that the bases of the nails do not remain — visible in the external wall element installed in place in the building.

The second surface of the thermal insulation layer has at least one second surface plate 14 so that the other edge 26 of the edge beam 20 is positioned against the surface of the second surface plate. The second surface board is some board material suitable as a wind protection board for exterior walls, such as gypsum board or porous wood fiber board, so its water vapor resistance is essentially — lower than the first surface board. Typically, the length of the outer wall element is mo-

N times the length of a conventional wind protection board, in which case there are usually several second surface boards in a row on the second surface of the thermal insulation layer, <Q which are connected to each other at the ends by a butt joint so that the second surface boards cover the area delimited by the 2 side edges and end edges essentially completely. Other pin-

E 30 — the side plates are attached from their long side edges to one side of the edge beams and the main

W from the tire edges to the end beam and/or intermediate beam. The other surface plates are also attached to those intermediate beams that remain covered by the other surface plates. Other surface plates

Fastening N to the beams can be done with nails, screws or, preferably, hooks.

N The heat insulation layer 10 essentially completely fills the space defined by the first and second surface plates, edge packs and end beams.

On the surface of the second surface plate 14 of the outer wall element, gluing strips 36 are attached at some distance from each other, to which the outer cladding 38 is attached. The distance between parallel gluing strips can be 400-600 mm. The length of the slats is essentially the same as the width of the outer wall element, and the slats are attached at their ends to the edge beams 20 with nails. The exterior cladding can be panel cladding, cladding made of general-purpose sheets or cladding made of corrugated or smooth metal sheet. The exterior cladding can already be fixed in place at the prefab factory, or it can be fixed to the wall element after the wall elements have been fixed in place to the building. — In the picture? is shown as an example of a building according to the invention depicted from the top. The building is a hall building, which comprises a rectangular plinth 50 made of reinforced concrete and the outer walls 100 rising from the upper edge of the plinth. Inside the outer walls is the load-bearing frame of the building, which supports the roof tiles and the water ceiling 104. The load-bearing frame includes pillars that are spaced apart on the long side of the building. 102.

The exterior walls 100 of the building are made of exterior wall elements according to the invention, which are mounted on top of the upper edge of the plinth of the building so that the side edges 16, 18 of the exterior wall elements are placed essentially horizontally and the side edges of the overlapping exterior wall elements are placed against each other. — At the junction, the edge beams of the outer wall elements that overlap each other are attached to each other with screws. The ends of the edge beams are also attached to the pillars with screws.

Figure 3a shows, as an example, the two exterior wall elements of the building shown in Figure 2 installed on top of each other as a cross-sectional view, and Figure 3b shows

N 25 — shown cross-sections of two exterior wall elements to be installed on top of each other

N partial enlargements at side edges 16, 18. Below are both of the above-mentioned pictures

S is explained simultaneously. 2 - The outer wall elements are installed in a horizontal position so that = the first side edge 16 of the upper outer wall element, i.e. the lower edge, is positioned

Lo 30 against the other side edge 18 of the lower outer wall element, i.e. the upper edge. Ul-

The edge beams 20 on the side edges of the LO cos wall elements are then placed on top of each other

N in such a way that their outer flap surfaces 22 are opposite each other. Opposite

A sealing strip 42 with the length of the flap surface and substantially the entire width of the flap surface, which can be mineral wool or cellular plastic, is installed between the flap surfaces. The surface of the edge strip 13 of the second side edge of the lower outer wall element has a flexible and compressible sealing strip 34, which extends from the first end edge of the outer wall element to the second end edge (figure 3b). The sealing strip and the sealing strip remain compressed between the overlapping edge beams of the outer wall elements, whereby the seam between the outer wall elements becomes essentially airtight. The overlapping elements are attached to each other with screws 40, which are screwed from the direction of the second surface plate 14 of the outer wall element so that the screws run diagonally from the upper edge beam to the lower edge beam, attaching the edge beams to each other. After installing the outer wall elements in place, the outer cladding 38 is attached to their outer surface.

Figure 3c shows a cross-section of one embodiment of the outer wall element — partial enlargement from the first side edge 16. In this embodiment, the first side edge of the outer wall element, which is the lower horizontal side edge in the installed outer wall element, is equipped with two longitudinal grooves of the edge beam 20; on the first soiro 28 and on the second soiro 29.

Both rafters are identical, square-shaped wooden rafters, which are attached with nails to the outer flange surface 22 of the edge beam 20. The first rafter is attached to the first edge of the edge beam in such a way that the side surface of the first rafter rests against the first surface plate 12 and the second rafter 29 is attached to the other edge of the edge beam so that its side surface rests against the surface of the second surface plate 14. In this embodiment, the edge beam of the second side edge is placed by the height of the cross-section of the groove towards the thermal insulation layer, so that the width of the outer wall element equipped with grooves is essentially the same as that of the outer wall element without grooves. The lowest surface of the first rib has a corresponding groove 27a as on the outer lap surface of the edge beam of the second side edge, and the fastening edge 15 of the first surface plate is fitted to the groove.

N The combined width of the first and second slats is essentially smaller than > the width of the outer flap surface 22 of the edge beam 20, leaving between the slats a longitudinal gap 30 of the edge beam <Q. This gap acts as a space that receives the positioning element that facilitates installation in the outer wall element 2. The positioning body can be

E 30 — for example, the lower control tree 32 attached to the upper surface of the plinth (fig. 3d). Downstairs

A beam-like positioning element corresponding to W wood can also be arranged on the outer flap surface of the edge beam on the other side of the outer wall element. In this case, the

In the seams between N overlapping outer wall elements, there is a positioning element and grooves

Pontoon joint formed by S. — Figure 3d shows, as an example, the connection between the outer wall elements of the building shown in Figure 2 and the plinth 50 as a cross-sectional view. The plinth shown in the picture is a reinforced concrete plinth commonly used in house construction, with a rectangular cross-section, which has a thermal insulation board 52 on the inner surface.

A thermal insulation board is some kind of hard thermal insulation material, such as extruded polystyrene. Inside the area delimited by the plinth is the building's reinforced concrete floor slab 54 and below it the thermal insulation of the floor 56. The lower control tree 32 of the outer wall elements is attached to the upper surface of the plinth with screws 40. The width of the lower control tree is slightly smaller than the gap between the first and second beams 28, 29 of the outer wall element. The lowest outer wall element of the building's outer wall is installed on top of the plinth in such a way that the lower control tree is located in the gap between the beams — as shown in figure 3d. Before lowering the outer wall element into place, a felt-like sealing strip is installed on top of the lower guide tree and a sealing strip 34 is installed on top of the top edge of the thermal insulation board, which ensure the airtightness of the joint. The outer wall elements are attached to the lower control beam with screws 40, which are screwed from the direction of the outside of the building through the second groove 29 so that their tip is up- —to the lower control beam.

Some advantageous embodiments of the exterior wall element and building according to the invention have been described above. The invention is not limited to the solutions described above, but the inventive idea can be applied in different ways within the limits set by the patent requirements.

OF

OF

O

OF

©

Q@

O

T

[am o

LO

0

LO

OF

OF

O

OF

List of reference numbers: 10 thermal insulation layer 36 — stacking strip 12 first surface plate 38 — exterior cladding 13 edge strip 40 screw 14 — second surface plate 42 — sealing strip — fixing edge 50 — plinth 16 first side edge 52 heat insulation plate 17 first end edge 54 — floor tile 18 — second side edge 56 frost insulation 19 — second end edge 100 outer wall edge beam 102 pillar 21 inner lap surface 104 water roof 22 outer lap surface 24 first edge 26 second edge 27,27a groove 28 first gutter 29 — second gutter

N 30 gap

OF

O

N 31 — end bar 3 oO 32 lower guide bar z 33 selection bar o

LO 34 — sealing strip

DO

LO

OF

OF

O

OF

Claims (1)

Patent Claims 1. An external wall element with a heat insulation layer (10), where the heat insulation layer (10) has a first surface and a second surface, the first surface plate (12) on the first surface of the heat insulation layer, which is made of metal, and the second surface plate (14) on the second surface of the heat insulation layer ), characterized in that the water vapor permeability of the second surface plate (14) is substantially greater than the water vapor permeability of the first surface plate (12). 2. Exterior wall element according to claim 1, characterized in that the second surface plate (14) is of a different material than the first surface plate (12). 3. An external wall element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second surface plate (14) is a plasterboard or wood fiberboard suitable as a building's wind protection board. 4. — An external wall element according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the wall element has a first side edge (16) and a second side edge (18), — where the side edges (16, 18) have an edge beam (20). 5. — An external wall element according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the external wall element has a first end edge (17) and a second end edge (19), where the end edges (17, 19) have an end beam (31). 6. An external wall element according to claim 5, characterized in that between the first end edge (17) and the second end edge (19) there is at least one intermediate beam (33) parallel to the end beam (31). N 7. — An external wall element according to one of claims 4-6, characterized in that the edge beams (20), end beams (31) and/or intermediate beams (33) are made of wood. O <Q 8. An external wall element according to one of claims 4-7, characterized in that the edge beam (20) has an outer flap surface (22), the first edge (24) placed against the surface of the first surface plate (12) and the second surface plate ( 14) another edge (26) placed against the surface LO. LO a 9. — An external wall element according to one of claims 4-8, characterized in that the edges of the first surface plate (12) attached to the edge beam (20) have an edge strip (13) which is essentially at right angles to the plane of the center of the first surface plate (12) and which is positioned against the outer flange surface (22) of the edge beam (20). 10. An external wall element according to claim 9, characterized in that the free edge of the edge strip (13) has a fastening edge (15) which is essentially at right angles to the edge strip (13) and the outer flap surface (22) of the edge beam (20) has groove (27) in which the fastening edge (15) is arranged. 11. An external wall element according to one of claims 4-8, characterized in that the outer lap surface (22) of the edge beam (20) has a first groove (28) and a second groove (29), with a gap (30) between the first and second grooves, into which the outer wall element the positioning element, such as the plinth's lower control tree (32), can be adjusted. 12. The outer wall element according to claim 11, characterized in that the first groove (28) has a side surface that is attached to the first surface plate (12) and the second groove (29) has a side surface that is attached to the second surface plate (14). 13. An external wall element according to one of claims 9-12, characterized in that the edge strip (13) has a flexible and compressible sealing strip (34) on its surface. 14. An external wall element according to one of claims 1-13, characterized in that the surface of the second surface plate (14) has slats (36) at a distance from each other, to which an outer cladding (38) is attached to the slats. 15. A building with an exterior wall (100), characterized in that said exterior wall (100) has exterior wall elements according to one of claims 1-14. 16 A building according to claim 15, characterized in that external wall elements are arranged in the external wall (100) in such a way that the side edges (16, 18) of the external wall elements are essentially horizontal. NO 17. A building according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the outer wall has at least two outer wall elements on top of each other so that the first side edge (16) of the upper outer wall element (16) is placed against the second side edge (18) of the lower outer wall element and the edge bars (20) on the opposite side edges are attached to each other with screws (40). LO io 18. A building according to one of claims 15-17, characterized in that the building has a frame that comprises at least two vertical load-bearing building parts, such as a pillar (102), which bearing building parts are at a distance from each other and the edge beams (20) of said outer wall elements are attached from their first end to the first building part and from their other end to the second building part. N N O N O <Q O I a a LO LO LO N N O N