RU2751299C1 - Panel-frame system and method for its application for establishing walls of low-rise buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of construction, in particular to panel-frame systems for low-rise buildings. The panel-frame system contains panels installed on the foundation board parallel to each other in two rows. Each panel consists of vertical racks, shelves in the lower and upper parts, reinforcement with a strip of plywood in the upper and lower parts, a layer of heat and sound insulation (HSI), and the HSI layer on the outer row of panels is located on the side of the panels reinforcement, and on the inner row of panels the HSI layer is placed on the opposite side of the panel reinforcement fastening. The panels of the outer row are filled with slab insulation. Each panel of one row is joined to the adjacent panel through a damper gasket. The panels are placed in rows in such a way that the side joints of the outer row panels are covered with a HSI layer of the inner row panel.

EFFECT: invention increases the heat and sound insulation of the building.

10 cl, 4 dwg

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The claimed technical solution relates to the field of construction, in particular to panel-frame systems for the construction of low-rise buildings.

LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGY

Frame construction is a pre-fabricated construction technology in which all load-bearing elements are interconnected. Frame house building is a popular type of low-rise construction and is the most energy efficient technology by filling the walls with insulation.

From RF patent 2684541 C1 (Nazarov Sergey Evgenievich et al., 04/09/2019), a system is known that provides the possibility of installing HPL panels in a hidden way from the bottom up, and the cladding panels are fastened from bottom to top, by means of a set of shaped profiles for each attachment point. On the load-bearing wall, vertical and horizontal mounting posts are fixed for fixing the profiles. In the lower part, the cladding panels are fixed with a lower profile. The panels are joined together by duplex using a connecting profile; a starting profile is used in the corners. In this case, each of the side faces of the cladding panel is made stepped and equipped with a blind groove.

This solution refers to facing means and cannot be used for the direct construction of low-rise buildings.

From the patent of the Russian Federation 121831 U1 (Postoev Alexander Vitalievich, 11/10/2012) an example of the manufacture of a building frame is known, containing frame-forming elements of light steel structures (LSTC), external and internal panels, the space between which contains a filler, while the outer and inner row of steel frame-forming elements are installed at a distance L, equal to the width of the wall, and to each row of LSTK are fixed, respectively, the outer and inner panels, the space between which is filled with polystyrene concrete.

The technology of double walls is also known (https://www.finehomebuilding.com/project-guides/framing/lstibureks-ideal-double-stud-wall), in which a single frame is formed for the outer and inner surfaces of the walls, filled with insulating material and reinforcement on the wall surface with plywood.

However, the known solutions are technologically complex, do not allow their effective use for prefabricated low-rise buildings, and also do not effectively solve the problem of "cold bridges" that can occur between the surfaces of the panels.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The claimed solution is aimed at solving a technical problem inherent in the known approaches from the prior art, and is aimed at creating a new effective system and its application in panel-frame construction.

The technical result is an increase in energy efficiency, due to the elimination of cold bridges between the walls formed by the panels, which are installed on the foundation board in two rows with displacement of the rows, relative to each other, and overlapping the joints of the mating panels of the outer row.

The claimed technical result is achieved due to a panel-frame system for erecting walls of low-rise buildings, which contains panels installed parallel to each other in two rows on a foundation board, each panel consisting of:

vertical racks;

shelves in the lower and upper parts;

reinforcement with a strip of plywood in the upper and lower parts;

a layer of plate heat and sound insulation (PTZI), and the mentioned PTZI layer on the outer row of panels is located on the side of the panels reinforcement, and on the inner row of panels, the PTZI layer is located on the opposite side of the panel reinforcement fastening,

wherein

panels of the outer row are filled with slab insulation; each panel of one row is joined to an adjacent panel through a damper gasket; and

the panels are arranged in rows in such a way that the side joints of the outer row panels are overlapped with a PTZI layer of the inner row panel.

In one particular embodiment of the system, the foundation board has a groove.

In another particular embodiment of the system, the panels are fastened to the foundation board through the reinforcement of the plywood strip.

In another particular embodiment of the system, the panels of the inner row are installed with a PTZI layer in the groove.

In another particular embodiment of the system, the slab insulation is a mineral insulation.

In another particular embodiment of the system, the damper pad is a polyethylene foam tape.

The claimed technical result is also achieved by a method of erecting walls of low-rise buildings using the above-described system, in which walls are formed from panels with their attachment to the foundation board, and the panels are arranged in two rows parallel to each other with the formation of outer and inner rows so that the side the joints of the outer row panels were covered with a PTZI layer of the inner row panels.

In one of the particular examples of the implementation of the method, after the installation of the inner row of panels, they are filled with natural or mineral insulation.

In another particular example of the implementation of the method, a groove is made in the foundation board.

In another particular example of the implementation of the method, the panels of the inner row are installed with a PTZI layer in the groove.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A illustrates a general view of a panel frame.

FIG. 1B-1D illustrate an example of panels with a PTZI layer.

FIG. 2A illustrates a general view of a panel frame system.

FIG. 2B illustrates a top view of the installation of the panel-frame system.

FIG. 2B-2D illustrate examples of the placement of window and door panels in a panel-frame system.

FIG. 2D illustrates a top view of the displacement of the window and door panels.

FIG. 3 illustrates a general plan for the construction of walls using a panel-frame system.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of an attachment point for panels of the outer and inner rows.

CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

FIG. 1A shows a general view of the frame of the panel (10), which can be used within the framework of the claimed solution. The frame of the panel (10) generally consists of uprights (101), shelves (102, 104) and reinforcements (103, 105) in the form of plywood sheets.

The frame (10) is made of wood and the number of posts (101) can vary depending on the type of panel, for example, standard blind, window, door, additional. In panels with openings, for example, a door panel, posts are added to outline the opening, in window panels, posts for supporting the window shelf are also added. The shelves (102, 104) in the upper and lower parts of the frame (10) of the panel are necessary to form a general cellular structure and to provide rigidity in the part of fixing the struts (101). To ensure the spatial rigidity of the panel, its frame (10) in the upper and lower parts is reinforced with plywood strips (103, 105). The thickness of the plywood layers is preferably 18-20 mm and the width is 200 mm (in this case, other standard sizes of plywood strips can be used). The length of the reinforcements (103, 105) is equal to the width of the panel, and when they are created in the uprights (101), samples are made, and the width of the shelves (102, 104) is reduced by the thickness of the plywood sheet. The reinforcement strips (103, 105) are attached to the shelves (102, 104) with fasteners such as nails, self-tapping screws or a combination of these.

FIG. 1B-1G shows examples of a finished panel in which a PTZI layer (106) is fixed to the frame (10), for example, Isoplaat (Isoplat), Beltermo and other examples of materials that simultaneously perform several functions, namely: heat and sound insulation, wind protection, removal moisture vapor from the wall, as well as providing an increase in spatial rigidity. FIG. 1B shows an example of a window panel, in which a window opening is made on the frame (10), formed by additional pillars (107). The design of the panels can have a different configuration while maintaining the main structural elements that form its final design, within the framework of the declared system and the method of its application for the construction of walls of low-rise buildings. FIG. 1D shows an example of a door panel in which a window opening is made on the frame (10), formed by additional pillars (108).

FIG. 2A shows a general view of the claimed system (20), containing panels (210, 220) fixed on the foundation board (230). The panels (210) form the outer row of the wall and comprise the above-described frame (10) on which the PTZI layer (216) is fixed. On the panels (210) of the outer row, the PTZI layer (216) is placed on the side of the reinforcements (213) with a strip of plywood. The panels (220) form an inner row and are installed parallel to the panels (210) of the outer row with an offset to overlap the joints of adjacent panels (210) with a PTZI layer (226), which is installed on the panels (220) of the inner row on the side opposite to the side of the reinforcement ( 223, 225).

The presented two-row panel-frame technology is developed for the construction of low-rise residential buildings, which is based on a design feature when erecting walls from panels of the outer (210) and inner (220) rows, in which the panels (220) of the inner row are always placed with overlapping panel joints ( 210) of the outer row, as shown in FIG. 2B. This technological feature allows you to isolate, seal a potentially loose connection of the joints of the panels (210) of the outer row in order to avoid the penetration of cold air from the outside into the building through the loose joints of the panels (210), which could have formed during construction or operation, and also structurally reinforces the panel joint assembly (210) of the outer row, overlapping their joint with the panel (220) of the inner row with the PTZI layer (226).

The outer and inner rows of panels (210, 220) are installed on the foundation board (230) and fixed to it using fasteners, for example, self-tapping screws. The panels (210, 220) are fixed to the foundation board (230) through the corresponding plywood reinforcements (213, 215, 223, 225). The applied reinforcement with a strip of plywood at the top and bottom of the panel serves to provide spatial rigidity and to compensate for bending loads.

To overlap a potentially loose connection between the foundation board / bottom shelf of the panels, a groove (231) is selected in the foundation board (230), into which, during installation, the PTZI (226) of the panels (220) of the inner row is inserted. The groove (231) is chosen with a width slightly greater than the thickness of the PTZI (226), as well as a greater depth to compensate for changes in the geometric dimensions of the PTZI due to changing temperature and humidity. The design of the groove (231) provides the formation of a thermal lock, which additionally provides an improvement in the thermal insulation properties of the walls of the building formed using the claimed system (20).

Additional fixation of the panels (210, 220) is also carried out due to the common strapping board (240), which is pierced with a 4 * 100 nail with a step of 300 mm into the strapping boards (241, 242) of both rows of panels.

FIG. 2B-2G show examples of the placement of window and door panels in a panel-frame system (20). FIG. 2B shows an example of installing a door panel (220) offset from the outer panel. In the layer of insulation (216, 226), an opening is made in the area formed by additional posts (227) for installing the door.

Similar to the example in FIG. 2B, FIG. 2D shows an example of a window panel, where, in a similar way, additional struts (228) form the area of the window opening. FIG. 2D shows a schematic top view of the arrangement of panels of the outer (210) and inner (220) rows with an offset to ensure that the joints of adjacent panels (210) of the outer row are overlapped with a layer of PTZI (226) of the panels of the inner row. The panels of each row are fastened together through the racks using self-tapping screws.

As well as the above technological methods, which serve to ensure reliable thermal insulation properties of future walls, all panels (210, 220) have on one end side a damper gasket (217, 227), which is a strip of foamed polyethylene placed in the area of panel joints ( 210, 220) of one row. This gasket (217, 227) ensures a tighter fit of adjacent panels in the same row.

Panels (210) of the outer row are additionally insulated with mineral insulation, for example, basalt or any other type of similar material intended for wall insulation. Panels (220) of the inner row to ensure high energy efficiency and to improve the ecological living conditions can be filled with natural insulation, for example: flax, ecowool, etc. The inner panels (220) are filled with insulation after the necessary engineering systems have been laid, while the panels (210) of the outer row are filled with insulation at the factory after their manufacture.

An additional feature of the proposed solution lies in the fact that the declared two-row system (20) makes it possible to manufacture a panel two times lighter than standard solutions in the field of panel-frame construction, using single-row technologies with the same total wall thickness, which leads to the absence of the need to use lifting and transport mechanisms during the construction of structures in terms of panel mounting. Also, this, in turn, makes it possible to significantly simplify the technological aspect of construction in terms of loading and unloading operations and to reduce the risk of injury at the construction site.

FIG. 3 shows an example of installing a panel-frame system (20) when forming the walls of a building, starting from the corner of the building. As can be seen from the example, the panels can change their geometric dimensions, without changing the overall design, to form the required length of the walls and ensure the overlap of the joints of the panels (210) of the outer row.

FIG. 4 shows a unit for attaching panels of the inner row (220) to the panels of the outer row (210). Fastening of panels (210, 220) is carried out along their racks using corners (6-7 units per rack) and self-tapping screws. This fastening principle increases the overall rigidity of the structure.

The presented description of the claimed solution discloses only preferred examples of its implementation and should not be interpreted as limiting other, particular examples of its implementation, which do not go beyond the scope of legal protection, which are obvious to a specialist in the relevant field of technology.

Claims (18)

1. Panel-frame system for erecting walls of low-rise buildings, containing panels installed on a foundation board parallel to each other in two rows, each panel consisting of: vertical racks; shelves in the lower and upper parts; reinforcement with a strip of plywood in the upper and lower parts; a layer of plate heat and sound insulation (PTZI), and the mentioned PTZI layer on the outer row of panels is located on the side of the panels reinforcement, and on the inner row of panels, the PTZI layer is located on the opposite side of the panel reinforcement fastening, wherein panels of the outer row are filled with slab insulation; each panel of one row is joined to an adjacent panel through a damper gasket; and the panels are arranged in rows in such a way that the side joints of the outer row panels are overlapped with a PTZI layer of the inner row panel. 2. The system of claim. 1, in which the foundation board has a groove. 3. The system according to claim 1, in which the panels are fastened to the foundation board through reinforcement with a plywood strip. 4. The system according to claim 2, in which the panels of the inner row are installed with a PTZI layer in the groove. 5. The system of claim. 1, in which the board insulation is a mineral insulation. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the damper pad is a polyethylene foam tape. 7. A method of erecting walls of low-rise buildings using the system according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, in which the walls are formed from panels with their attachment to the foundation board, and the panels are arranged in two rows parallel to each other to form the outer and inner rows so that the side joints of the outer row panels are overlapped with a PTZI layer of the inner row panels. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein after installing the inner row of panels, they are filled with natural or mineral insulation. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein a groove is made in the foundation board. 10. The method according to claim 9, in which the panels of the inner row are installed with a PTZI layer in the groove.

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