FI121282B - Fixed windows installation method - Google Patents

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for installing fixed windows as defined in the claims.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 10 Thermal transmission of a building envelope occurs by conduction and leakage. It is particularly important for heat conduction to eliminate the local peaks of thermal conductivity, ie cold bridges. The building envelope must also be tight. Air leaks reduce energy efficiency, humidity performance of structures and housing comfort.

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Because of the lower surface temperature of the structure at the cold bridge during the cold season, indoor humidity can condense on the surface of the structure and cause harmful microbial growth and decay risk. Lower surface temperatures due to poor air tightness or cold bridges also affect comfort.

«· •. *. · 20 Disturbing drafts are compensated for by additional heating when the room air is • · ·. *: Warmer than the real need.

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The management of cold bridges and air leaks will be emphasized as low-energy construction becomes more common.

• · · *. * * The relative contribution of a cold bridge to heat loss increases as the structure of the structure · «· • · .....

25 thermal insulation. In current low-energy and passive buildings, the frame portion of both opening and fixed windows is typically the weakest link in window installation in terms of heat dissipation ··· • · * ··· *.

The windows affect the air tightness and thermal insulation of the building envelope and thus the energy efficiency of the building as a whole. • j. as the windows grow, the importance of fixed windows increases. A fixed window is a more energy efficient option than a window that opens, especially as structures 2 age. Also, large window surfaces cannot be opened for structural and safety reasons.

The thermal insulation capacity of windows, like other components, is generally described by a thermal insulation coefficient of 5, the so-called U-value. However, the U value of the window frame and the glass pane alone do not tell all about the energy efficiency of the window. The entire pre-installed window structure, including its integration with surrounding structures, affects energy efficiency.

10 According to building regulations, the connection of the window to the surrounding structures must be airtight. However, in practice, air leaks occur between the frame and the building frame. In a fixed window, sealing problems may also occur between the insulating glass and the frame and any dividing frames.

15 A 2007 study by SINTEF, Norway, on state-of-the-art, very insulating window frames, states that there are two main ways to achieve better frame solutions: The first option is to minimize heat loss through the frame using the lowest U value. Another option is to minimize the window frame area and thus increase the net energy benefit through • · ·. ·. · 20 windows. The net energy benefit is calculated by reducing the heat loss through the windows • · •. * ··. * ·: The amount of solar radiation energy. In climatic conditions where buildings need to be heated, the net energy benefit is an important consideration. The energy efficiency through windows • · · *. * * Can be maximized by maximizing window glazing using as narrow as possible frame profiles. The authors of the study note that the best option, after all, may be to use no frames at all. Gustavsen • · · A., Jelle B.P., Arasteh D. & Kohler C. State-of-the-Art Highly Insulating Window * Frames - Research and Market Review. SINTEF Building and Infrastructure 2007.

30 "In buildings constructed of moldable or masonry thermal insulating blocks or elements.:. In buildings, a framed fixed window is typically attached to the building frame by insulating the ingot or element heat insulation. inserting wood or durable wood pieces 3 glued with expandable polyurethane foam. and internally the installation gap is sealed, for example by sealing compound. Finally, the installation gap is usually covered with cover strips on the outside and inside. However, in practice, the installation method where CAL-expanding polyurethane foam.

10 In winter, the dew point moves in and out on the outside wall of the house. If the outward ventilation of the drip pan is not sufficient, the condensing moisture will remain in the polyurethane foam or the insulation wool to be used as insulation in the drip pan. In the late winter, wool or polyurethane foam is, in the worst cases, wet and the outside of the windows acts as an effective cold bridge.

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The moisture that accumulates in the polyurethane foam also causes other problems. When the damp insulating foam freezes and melts sufficiently many times over the years, the foam's closed cell structure begins to break and the foam loses not only its insulating properties but also its mechanical strength.

0! ·· 20 • ·

Wood pieces embedded in the wall insulation, glued with polyurethane foam, can cause moisture • · ·. 1 · · effect a few years after installation to be in decay.

• · · • ... · This results in mold damage and, when the pieces of wood have decayed enough, ··· •. 1 1 attachment is based solely on structurally weakened polyurethane foam and • · · · ... · 25 attachment screws.

• · · • ·

If electrically galvanized screws are used as frame fixing screws, their lifetime * 1 in the environment described above will be reduced, especially when the use of durable wood blocks is used in the window installation. Corrosion caused by wood preservatives as the wood gets wet • · · 30 corrodes steel screws.

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In a traditional fixed window, the insulating glass is fixed to a frame in a window factory. It is also possible to install a fixed window by installing non-frame insulating glass in a frame structure attached to the building frame. However, this on-site installation is not necessarily less expensive than the traditional fixed window installation for air leaks and cold bridges.

Purpose and advantages of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above shortcomings and problems.

10 This goal is achieved by installing a fixed window, which is airtight even as structures age.

where the installation method and the materials used do not form a cold bridge between the inner and outer casings of the outer wall.

which has a lower U-value than the traditional U-frame window frame installations.

with no moisture or mold problems.

where the window is better fixed to the exterior wall and the installation is mechanically more durable than the traditional frame-mounted window installation.

which improves thermal comfort by reducing the feeling of cold draft.

• · 20 - which improves the net energy benefit through windows.

• • • • • • *. 1: SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION For the purpose of explaining the invention, the exterior wall of a building is divided into three parts: the outer casing, the thermal insulation layer and the inner casing. .

The present invention relates to a mounting method in which a separate inner frame is attached to the inner shell of the outer wall and / or a separate outer frame is attached to the outer shell of the outer wall. Insulating glass • · ·. · J is installed and glued between the inner and outer frames, or only the inner frames, or only • · · * ... · 30 outer frames.

• · · · • • it 5

The installation method according to the invention is particularly suitable for low-energy and passive buildings, because the total energy efficiency achieved is better than the energy efficiency achieved in the traditional fixed window installation method. The benefit accentuates as the structures age.

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The advantage of the mounting method is that the mounting materials and mounting parts used do not form a cold bridge between the outer and inner casings of the outer wall. The insulating glass element, which is glued to separate securely attached frames, also stiffens the structure of the outer wall.

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Advantageous features of the installation method also include the ability to reduce the cold draft by allowing warm indoor air to circulate in the inner frames. If necessary, additional heating with heating wires can be provided in the inner frames. In this way, energy can be saved when heating would otherwise be turned on due to the feeling of draft in the windows 15, even if the outdoor temperature does not yet require heating. By heating the heating wires placed in the inner frames, it is possible to eliminate the feeling of cold draft from the living quarters and to shorten the actual heating season. The installation method has the advantage of being energy efficient even when the rooms are cooled mechanically in summer.

X; 20 • · ·. “The installation method offers new architectural possibilities, as the finished window opening does not have any visible frames inside. Also from the outside, the window opening can be finished so that the frames are only partially or not visible at all. The installation also improves the net energy benefit through windows.

• · ·: -V 25

Both interior and exterior frames can include either fixed or, for example, the necessary cover strips that can be fastened with a quick lock, whereby the frames, when installed, complete the interior and / or exterior of the window opening.

30 Insulating glass can be dimensioned and ordered after the installation of the inner or outer frames, which reduces the possibility of error when ordering insulating glass. If required, insulating glazing can also be ordered first, and the frames are dimensioned and installed to the glazing dimensions.

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Due to the pre-mounted frames on the building frame, the insulating glazing elements can be installed quickly, accurately and reliably in the method according to the invention.

5 The method of installation with adjustable mounting components described in detail below applies to buildings made of piled or masonry blocks, where the window openings are typically not fully rectangular and the sides are completely straight. If the window openings are sufficiently rectangular and the sides are sufficiently straight, as in the case of prefabricated thermal insulation elements, simpler prefabricated or prefabricated mounting parts 10 may be used. This speeds up installation as the number of work steps is reduced. Separate inner and / or outer frames and insulating glass can also be pre-installed on the element at the factory.

List of drawings 15

In the following, one embodiment of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 0 ': 20 · · · .1 ·· Before starting the installation, the window aperture is measured and the rectangular aperture of the aperture and the sides are straightened. If necessary, the window opening will be • · · rectangular and its sides straightened.

25 In this application example, window installation is done by first attaching the inner frame to the outer shell of the building, then installing the insulating glass into the inner frame, then attaching the outer frame the outer wall of the outer shell. Finally, the insulating glass is massaged * on the inner and outer frames. It is also possible to install in reverse inversion by first attaching the outer frame to the outer shell of the building's outer wall, then insulating glass into the outer frame and then the inner frame into the outer shell of the outer wall. Finally, seal the insulating glass onto the inner and outer frames.

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Each side of the inner and outer frames is fastened separately in this application example. Frames can also be installed in non-vertical or horizontal directions when the shape of the insulating glass differs from the rectangle. This application example describes how to install a rectangular fixed window.

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The inner frame is a square, rectangular or other cross-sectional profile. The profile can be either hollow or solid. The material of the inner frame may be anodized aluminum, stainless / acid-proof steel, composite, plastic or any other suitable material. Surface treatment of the inner frames may be necessary to ensure adhesion of the glass adhesive 10.

The inner frame (1) is fastened to the inner shell (A) of the outer wall by means of mounting parts. The mounting parts consist of a pre-drilled fastening profile (2), which is mechanically fastened and, if necessary, glued to the inner casing (A) as well as adjusting rods (3) and adjusting / locking members (8 and 9) with internal or external threads. There are two or more adjusting rods (3) per side of the inner frame. The inner frame (1) is fixed to the mounting profile (2) by means of adjusting rods (3) and adjusting / locking parts (8 and 9). The necessary adjustments to the vertical and horizontal sides of the inner frame are made using the adjusting rods (3) and the adjusting / locking parts (8 and 9). If necessary, adjusting screws and temporary wedges are used.

• VV 20 • · ·. *: The pre-installed inner frame (1) is secured with adhesive dots to the outer wall thermal insulation • · *. **: (C) after first measurements to ensure that the inner frame (1) forms a planar • · · · ... * surface on which the insulating glass ( D) Can be attached. Once the glue points have dried, the complete gap between the inner frame (1) and the outer wall insulation (C) is finished with a suitable flexible mass (10) that closes the insulating glass (D) at the end. the ventilation space (15) being airtight. The dimensions of the inner frame are checked and determined by the exact size of the · · * * · · · ♦ * insulating glass to be ordered.

• · • ·::: Install all sides of the inner frame in the same way. When installing the lower inner frame • * · · • · · ϊ.,. Ί 30 takes into account the supports on which the insulating glass rests. The brackets transfer the weight of the glass pane to the frame of the building. These brackets are mounted and mechanically supported • · · · •; .. j to withstand the weight of the insulating glass. The installation is carried out at a stage appropriate to the order of installation of the inner frame 8. The lower inner frame can also be secured only after the insulating glass has been secured.

The outer frame (4) is pre-fitted before the insulating glass (D) is installed.

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Before installing the insulating glass (D), it is ensured that the outer wall insulation (C) at the ends of the insulating glass (D) forms a uniform surface. Any openings or gaps in the insulation (C) are filled with a suitable water vapor permeable material.

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The insulating glass (D) is mounted on the inner frame structure (1) with a suitable self-adhesive mounting tape (11).

When the insulating glass (D) is mounted on the inner frame (1), a self-adhesive mounting strip (12) is attached to the outer surface of the insulating glass (D) 15, at the point of attachment of the outer frame (4) and the outer frame (4) is fitted. The outer frame (4) is mechanically and / or fitted with a suitable mass to the outer shell (B) of the outer wall. The ventilation space (15) at the end of the insulating glass (D) is finished airtight outwards by either an airtight attachment to the outer frame (4) and / or a mass (14) which at the same time acts as a heat break.

20 • ·: .1 ·· If the installation is in reverse order, ie the outer frame (4) is installed before • · · .1 ·: the inner frame (1) or if otherwise necessary, adjust the outer frame (4) to the required • · · · .. .1 by means of suitable mounting components.

Finally, the insulating glass (D) is massaged into the inner frames (1) and outer frames (4) by the mass (13) specified by the structural or glass designer for the purpose.

When the mass (13) has dried, pressure relief holes are drilled into the lower corners of the outer sides of the outer frame (4) from the outside through the outer frame profile (4) and the mass (14), including: D) the condensation accumulating at the ends in the ventilation space (15) is allowed to evaporate. The installation of the outer frame (4) is completed by installing weatherproof ···· • · 9 cover strips (5) covering the outer frame (4). The space between the cover strip (5) and the outer frame (4) can be insulated.

On the inside, the space between the inner frame (1) and the fastening profile (2) is filled with an additional insulation (6) which has the same insulation properties as the wall insulation (C). On the inner frame (1), a glass strip (7) is mounted against the insulating glass (D). After that, the edges of the window opening are covered with plaster, trimmed with plasterboard or wood, or otherwise finished. The required technology, such as blinds with guides, lighting, control technology, etc. can be embedded and fixed before finishing the edges of the window opening.

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If a hollow inner frame profile is used, openings can be made in the lower and upper corners of the inner sides of the inner frames to allow warm indoor air to circulate through the openings in the inner frames. Hollow inner frames can also be fitted with heating wires.

15 Frame structures are installed in accordance with the instructions and regulations of the structural designer regarding the materials used, material strengths, etc. The mounting, massing, gluing, sealing, adjusting and other installation steps are carried out in a manner known per se and are not described in further detail herein.

The above description describes the invention at a fundamental level. The invention is not limited only to the above embodiment, but many variations of the method of installation are possible within the scope of the inventive idea defined by the claims.

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Claims (15)

1. A method of installing fixed windows specially designed for molded or masonry thermal insulation blocks or prefabricated thermo-insulated elements with a thermal insulation (C) between the inner wall (A) and the outer shell (B), characterized in that the window frame consists of a separate 1) and / or a separate outer frame (4), both of which support the insulating glass (D); the fact that the inner frame (1) is mechanically secured by the mounting parts (2, 3, 8, 9) 10 and / or by gluing to the inner shell (A) of the outer wall; the fact that the outer frame (4) is mechanically and / or glued to the outer shell (B) of the outer wall; wherein the venting space (15) at the end of the separator glass (D) is finished airtight inwardly by a mass (10) to provide a vapor barrier and airtight 15 outwards by either an airtight attachment and / or a mass (14) of the outer frame (4); installing and gluing the non-frame insulating glass (D) hermetically between the inner frame (1) and the outer frame (4); and that the mounting parts and the materials used in the installation do not form a cold bridge between the inner casing (A) and the outer casing (B) of the insulated outer wall. • · • · · AA *. ·. · 20 • · *. *: 2. Fixed window installation method according to claim 1, • ♦ *. * J characterized in that the window is mounted in such a way that the window frame consists only of an inner frame (1) supporting the insulating glass (D) and a non-frame insulating glass (D) ··· • · * * glued to the inner frame. ··· 25 Fixed window installation method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the window is installed such that the window frame consists only of an outer frame (4) supporting the insulating glass (D) and a non-frame insulating glass (D). • ♦ · Mounted and glued on the outer frame. ♦ ··: s 30 ··· wv · ♦ · # · «» • · Fixed window installation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inner frame (1) is adjusted to the required position by the mounting elements (3, 8, 9) of the inner frame (1). Fixed window installation method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the outer frame (4) is adjusted to the required position by means of the outer frame mounting parts. Fixed window installation method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the installation order and the insertion direction of the insulating glass (D) are selected either by first installing an inner frame (1), then insulating glass (D) and finally an outer frame (4), is mounted on the inner frame (1) from the outside, or by first installing the outer frame (4), then the insulating glass (D) and finally the inner frame (1), whereby the insulating glass (D) is mounted inside the outer frame (4). 15 Fixed window installation method according to Claim 2, characterized in that first the inner frame (1) is mounted, in which the insulating glass (D) is mounted externally. • · ί ί: 20 8. Fixed window installation method according to claim 3, characterized in that first the outer frame (4) is mounted, in which the insulating glass (D) • · * .1 · is installed from the inside. ··· • · • · ·· ♦ ·· ♦ V Fixed window installation method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that pressure relief holes are drilled in the lower corners of the vertical sides of the outer frame (4). The method of installing fixed windows according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bottom and top corners of the inner sides of the hollow inner frames (1) are: ··· ♦: **: 30 openings to the interior, through which warm indoor air circulates in the inner frame. ·· »« ·· ···· · Fixed window installation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that heat wires are installed inside the hollow inner frames (1). Installation method for fixed windows 5 according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the inner frames (1) and the outer frames (4) are made using standard profiles, prefabricated standard profiles or prefabricated special profiles. Installation method for fixed windows 10 according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the necessary cover strips are attached to the structure of the inner frames (1) and / or the outer frames (4), whereby the frames when installed complete the window opening from the inside and / or outside. Installation method for fixed windows 15 according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the inner frames (1) or the outer frames (4) are installed or pre-installed at the most convenient time for the building schedule, even significantly before delivery and installation of the insulating glasses (D). Fixed windows according to any one of claims 1 to 11. V 20 installation method, characterized in that prefabricated thermally insulated • · V *: elements are installed using fixed windows • · in factory conditions. ··· • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·bar · panel will be an email ·· · ··· • · · ··· 1 2 • · 2