FI119145B - Chip spiral and chipping method and chipping machine - Google Patents

Abstract

A chip spiral, the construction of which is such that it can be reliably and efficiently used for chipping all kinds of wood, wood products, semi-finished products, blanks, waste wood and material comparable to wood. The chip spiral comprises helical blades (18) and a frame structure (18). The blades (18) are attached to the frame structure (20) and the structure is formed so that its central part is open, whereby the chips are discharged from the chip spiral via its hub. The power requirement of the construction is smaller than in prior art while the chip production rate per time unit is larger.

Description

119145

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a chip coil according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention also relates to a spiral chipping method and a chipping machine.

10 Chip chipper is usually a device with a metal body, which is used to chop wood or other material of the kind described above, which can be used for, among other things. incineration, pulping of pulp and paper, gasifying, composting or covering. Such a harvester 15 may be either a device intended to be mounted permanently or transported by a tractor or similar device. The propulsion system may be an electric motor, a diesel engine, a hydraulic motor, a tractor or any separate motor unit. With the current spiral-type chipper-20, chipping is done with a spiral screw with a centered shaft to which the spiral petals are attached by welding. The spiral screw is disposed in the back of the housing, the inner surface of which is adjacent to the outer periphery of the screw: extending mating surfaces. A · · * 25 work opening opens on the outside of the screw, from which the material to be chipped is pushed against the spiral · «·: the blade edge of the spiral cuts • * * chips from the surface of the material to be chipped. The material to be chipped in the • • · chopper is cut into a specific size chip against one, two or more contact surfaces.

• ·. ** ·. 30 Matching surfaces can be fixed or adjustable • · *. ·. blades or similar structures.

• · · · · V · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·: · V: · 35: near the longitudinal axis, or even on the middle spiral screw of the spiral screw; at about 45 degrees to the longitudinal axis. The feed force can be 2,119,145 users or more depending on the amount of work required to feed the material to be chipped. In particular for stationary choppers, it may be advantageous to use automatic feeders or feeders. With its power, the rotating spiral blade for its part pulls the piece to be chipped in the direction of the chopper flywheel housing while working the chips on the piece. The rotating movement of the chuck spiral causes the chips 10 to move to the chopper, In known hackers of this type, rotational motion of the chip spiral moves the chip only through the periphery of the chip spiral.

15

The characteristic of steel coils of known spiral type choppers is the high instantaneous power demand during the chipping event. Because many cuts occur at the same time as the material is being fed, the need for cutting power is high, which results in a high power requirement. On the other hand, however, high chips production per unit time is achieved, so the power demand per se is justified. Similarly, the blades of these choppers have the characteristic of wood • ♦. . ·. , its moisture, its knotiness and other things to be chopped • · · * ···. ···. 25 Material characteristics of the spiral blade blade blade · «·. . ·. blockage of road spaces. Especially the large diameter • · ·. ···. A significant disadvantage in chipping wood and hard wood (eg oak, beech) is the high power requirement mentioned above. The high power requirement is due to the fact that • · · 30 there may be *! * Cutting edges of the steel coil to perform up to ten simultaneous cuts. On the other hand, the high power requirement is affected by the closed structure of the steel coil, which allows the chipped material, chips,: * · *: to exit the steel coil only through the outer circumference of the steel coil • »: * ·. · 35. The cutting motion pushes the material towards the blade axis between the blade surfaces and • at the same time partially in the direction of the ascent of the petal of the screw thread. As the unit operates, more material is packed between them. As the shovel presses into the blade gap, its frictional force against the steel surfaces increases and power is further required to transport the chips out of the blade gap. If the density of the chip chip and the frictional force against the blade surfaces become too high due to, for example, knife points, clogging occurs in the blade gap. In this case, remove the blade from the chopper and clean the blade intervals. Removing the packaged pulp is difficult and may even require the use of steaming chips. During blade cleaning, the chopper is out of use and may not even be cleaned in off-road conditions, but must be transported to a place where the necessary tools are available. Stand-down of the device results in a reduction in efficient working time and thus in production, which reduces the value of the investment in the device. Clogging of chips between the steel coil leaves causes friction and warming, thus straining the machine.

20 Chips can also be made with other types of blade chippers or crushers. The common disadvantage of these is that the chips: * · *: the size of the chips is very variable and small in size · * · *; a lot is easily created. The size of the piece is usually determined by the • ·; ; *; the feed speed of the implement and the size of the burner while feeding • t *; ***. 25 decrease and almost stop feeding, for example • • ·. . *. even chewing occurs. Too small size and special • · ·. ***. Due to the resulting dust, the chips are not well suited to gasification plants, * * · because too chips and chips dust pose an explosion hazard.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a chip coil having a power requirement less than that of previous chip coils having the same amount of chip production.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a chip chip which has a less susceptibility to clogging than known chip spirals.

The invention is based on forming the middle part of the chip coil at least partially open, whereby the chips can be removed through the middle part of the coil.

More specifically, the chip spiral of the invention is characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing part of claim 1.

10

The chipping method according to the invention, in turn, is characterized by what is disclosed in the characterizing part of claim 9.

The chipper according to the invention, in turn, is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 10.

The invention provides considerable advantages.

20

One notable advantage of the invention is that the spiral does not obstruct; boil at least as easily as previous spi · '· *; raaliterät. The chips leave in the natural cutting direction and * ·. . *. any material trapped between the steel coils will be pressed • * ·. ** ·. 25 spirals in the center of the new material cut by the blade ···. namana and thus will not get stuck in between.

• * Φ • · ·. ·· *. Because the blade does not clog, a better return per unit time is achieved. Another equivalent benefit is energy consumption; reduction compared to a similar sized and similar ··. ···, 30-size chip-making spiral blade or a machine with such a blade. Preliminary tests have ♦ · ** · [noticed a reduction in power requirement of up to 40% with electric motor operation.

Compared to other types of chippers, the device with the i / .ί 35 coil blade according to the invention has a very significant advantage especially in the manufacture of chips for gasification plants. Because the blade always cuts chips of standard size from the material to be chipped, the operation of the plant using such chips is stable. In particular, the chips cannot, during the cutting or chopping process, get the owe-5 to fade into small chips, crumbs or even flour. In gasification plants, too small a fraction of chips, such as chips, crushed or powder, presents an explosion hazard because it is too sensitive to gassing, which could create explosive conditions in the gasification chamber. The chopper according to the invention does not produce an explosive fraction, so the operation of the gasification plant using such chips is safer and more efficient. This increases the chances of increasing the use of chips.

The device according to the invention can be used to chop any cutable material having a body for gripping the material. Of course, this includes all wood-based products such as branches, trunks, lumber and solid sawdust, as well as sufficiently clean wood-based waste materials such as construction or demolition waste, all types of wood, wood products, semi-finished products, blanks, waste wood and wood-like materials. Chipping can be done in a chipper, crusher or other φ · '•. or equivalent accessory. Remember ha- * · ·

• M

. · **. 25 of the weldable materials are plastics that can be • · * «*. , ·, May be chipped if they are solid enough.

• · · ·· »··» • «• ·

The invention will now be explained in more detail in the accompanying drawings. . with the help of these.

Figure 1 shows a chipping machine to which a chip spiral according to the invention can be fitted.

Figure 2 shows one chip chip in accordance with the invention as a 3D pattern.

• · «· 119145 6

Figure 3 is a side view of the chip spiral of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a front view of the chip spiral of Figure 2.

The spiral chopper is formed on the body 1 and the central functional part thereof is formed by a longitudinal axis formed by a chuck spiral shaft 6 and a transmission shaft 5. These axes are connected to each other by a flywheel 7 and 10 at the end of the drive shaft 5. The shaft 5, 6 is bearing at its ends and center with three bearings 2, 3 and 4. Transmission of the power of the machine to the transmission shaft 5 can be done by any suitable means. Typically, such a device is provided with an electric motor, an internal combustion engine or a mobile propulsion device such as a tractor or a separate internal combustion engine. Transmission from the engine to the transmission shaft 5 may be via a gear, cardan shaft or hydraulic transmission. The selection of a suitable transmission and drive 20 is made according to the intended use of the device. For example, in power plants, fixed electric motor operation • · · V * may be the most advantageous, whereas in off-road 1 «· • ', · devices, as well as moving the device and generating power». Advantageously, this can be done by an agricultural or forestry tractor.

♦ ·· · • # #: # * [j The chuck coil 9 is housed in the housing 10 and the housing has an inlet 11 for the material to be chipped. At the bottom of the feed opening: 11, a feed tray 12 begins to run along which the chipped · · · · ***: 30 material is fed toward the chamfer blade edges ··· # 13. In this example, a · · III feed hopper 14 is connected to • to put a *! * On. Alternatively, the hopper can be replaced by a ·· «feed conveyor or other feeder.

«· ·: V 35

The chipper described above operates as follows.

7, 119145

When the engine of the machine is started, the flywheel stores kinetic energy, which is designed to balance the running of the machine as its load changes. The chuck coil 9 rotates 5 at the same speed as the flywheel. When a piece of wood to be chipped, for example a tree trunk, is pushed along the feed plane 12 towards the chip coil, its upper part engages the blade edges 13 of the chip coil 9, which cut into the wood and draw the wood forward towards the larger 10 diameter blade part. As the spiral spiral pulls the wood forward, as it rotates, it cuts chips of a certain size, which either fall from the spiral edge into the housing 10 or substantially travel toward the center of the spiral and thread forward between the spiral 15 blades.

The distance between the cutting blade surfaces 13 of the chip spiral defines the chip size to be produced. The spiral cuts the rest against the material feeder. From the chuck spiral 9 and from inside the co-roll roll 10, the chips enter the blowing casing 16, where the flaps 17 at the end of the chipping spiral 9 and attached to the flywheel 7 blow the chips out, for example, through a blow pipe. Part of the wood chips are in the spiral and casing. ·. 10, where there may be one or more opposites • 1 1 .III. 25 tinplates arranged close to the periphery of the spiral. The chips continue to cut against these surfaces and are guided to the blower casing with a tight grip.

• 1 * · ·,. The structure and function described above describe both previously known • · • · · *. | 30 and a chipper according to the invention.

9 The device according to the invention differs from the known device in that it uses the following ··· ί. ,, ϊ new chip coil as the chip coil.

· »* · · • • • .1. : 35 In Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, the number 8 refers to the flange of the • chipping spiral • which secures the chipping spiral to the chopper fly. 11 119145 7. The cutting steel spirals are denoted by 18. The number of steel spirals 18 per blade may be single, double or triple helical structures are usually used. The chip spiral 5 of the figures has three steel spirals, as best seen in Figure 4.

The end of the chuck spiral has a bearing neck 19 for bearing, which supports its other end into the bearing. In principle, the chip spiral could be secured solely by the flange 8, but since the chip spiral 9 is subjected to quite a lot of stress during use, it is necessary to support the tip. The bearings provide a more durable and rigid structure.

The chip spiral 9 according to the invention does not have a known central axis from the previous structures, whereas the steel spirals 18 are fixed by welding toothed body plates 20. The body plates 20 are fixed at the spiral tip to the hub 21 forming the bearing collar 19 and radially outwardly. The angle of the base plate 20s 20 determines the steepness of the spiral cone and their number and position can be determined by the number of steel spiral 18s and the variation of the spiral thread propagation required by the amount of chips required to be blown out. The toothed body plates 20 may be 3 * or more. The body plates 20 provide this structure with the required axial and radial torsional stiffness. The ends of the toothed body plates 20 are welded * * *** to the blade flange 8 and function like fan blades. paan. The position of the body discs 20 relative to the blade centerline may be straight or radially different from the direction of the beam.

R · · • ·:::: <t <: The frame plates 20 are welded with at least one steel coil 18 ♦ or several steel coils made of steel ♦ · • ·. : 35 lugs by squeezing and welding on one end • ·· * · racket. On the outer edge of the spiral, a cutting edge 9119145 is machined 13. In the embodiment of the invention, the steel spirals 18 are made by molding and by pressing together the ends of the molding sectors, for example welded. It is essential, on the one hand, that the height of the blade 5 coils is large enough to provide reliable and durable attachment. Further, the height of the steel coils must be low enough so that the chipping of the chips through the center of the chip coil is sufficiently unobstructed so that the chips cannot be pinched into sharp gaps, causing power-consuming friction. The frame plates 20 may also be of non-toothed shape, for example staggered, it is essential that the steel coils 18 can be secured sufficiently to the frame plates 20.

15 The height of the base plates 20 should be as small as possible to allow the discharge of chips from the center of the chip spiral to be as free as possible. The minimum height of the frame plates 20 is determined by the required distance of the steel spirals 18 to be sufficiently rigidly secured and the strength required of the frame plates otherwise providing sufficient rigidity of the structure. The steel spirals 18 and the base plates form a lattice structure which is quite rigid in structure, so that it is relatively lightweight. the structure provides sufficient strength. In practice, it is essential that there is a free space between the inner edges 22 of the frame plates 20 to which the chips cut by the steel spirals 18 can flow. Right at the end of the chip spiral, there is no free space at the steel spirals i · · “t, but the spirals are attached to the hub 21. Obviously, the area covered by the hub should be as short as possible to allow the cut · · *;. · From the $ 30 range to flow into the open chip center • · **; · *. However, at the tip of the spiral, the blade edge will only be cut by • · ·. · · When machining the most bulky material, so the risk of clogging at this point is not high.

· • · • · 35 • «* # * ·« ·

The idea of the invention is that there is free space behind the securing edge 23 opposite the cutting edge 13 of each steel coil. The steel coils must therefore have a fixed height. On the other hand, it can be said that the steel spirals 18 form an outer mantle 13 at their cutting edge and an inner mantle 23 at the attachment edge 5, and that at least part of the length of the steel spiral the attachment edges 23 are spaced apart. In order to create the required open space behind the coils, the steel coils can be attached to the body structure (frame plates 20) of the wound coil for each full revolution of the steel coil 10 only for a portion of the length of the steel coil. Without departing from the spirit of the invention, the base plates 20 can extend all the way to the central axis of the chip spiral and may be secured there, even by welding. Sector-like flow spaces 15 are formed behind the steel coils, through which the chips can pass. However, in this structure, the flow of chips is likely to be weaker than in a structure that leaves completely free space.

The chip size produced by the chipping machine is determined by the number of steel coils and the pitch of the thread. The more blades in the spiral and the smaller its pitch, the smaller the size of the chips. For example, a blade with three steel spirals * · · jl #. # And a 104 mm pitch produces chips with a size of · · I between 15 and 25 mm. Blade with one steel coil • t · ', ϊ. 25 160 mm increments, correspondingly produces a particle size of 60-100 mm.

However, in practice, the size distribution of the chunk is smaller due to the support of the chopper blade operation and the fact that the chopped ** · 'material is pulled at a constant speed for machining by the thread of the coil itself. A spiral blade can deliver up to about 120 m3 per hour. Of course, • ♦ '* j *' by increasing the power and dimensions of the device, it is possible to increase the output • * jt; j add. However, the aforementioned output can be achieved: with a power output of about 120 - 220 kW, so the chopper can still be operated by a powerful agricultural tractor.

• a * · * * 35 «I» ♦ # · • »

It will be understood that the open steel coil of the invention may also be located in other chip or crusher structures. The flange of the hinged coil may be replaced by another method of attachment, for example, by attaching the ends of the frame plates. Of course, the material of the steel coils and other helical screws is made of steel because of its high strength and low cost, they can be of any metal or alloy metal. can be made from any other material. Toothed frame plates may be replaced by a non-toothed shape. Steel wires, frame plates, and other structural members can be joined in any way other than welding to provide a structure that is as reliable and durable as welding. The hinged coil parts may also be coated with any material, for example, wear-resistant nitrides or oxides, to achieve the desired wear resistance or other desired properties. The chuck spiral may be both conical in shape as shown in the figures and cylindrical. In the cylindrical structure, the base plates are straight and the threaded blades are also straight in their shell surface. The cylindrical structure thus has a screw • · • ·. straight thread and spiral blade in spiral blade spi ·· 1. · 2. 25 rounds.

• • • 1 · • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ··· • · 1 • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Claims (12)

119145 A chuck spiral, comprising a frame structure (20), at least one ascending helical blade (18) having an attachment edge (23) and a cutting edge (13) attached thereto, and means (8) for attaching the chip spiral to a rotating power device. , characterized in that the attachment edge (23) of the blade (18) forms an inner sheath at least a portion of the length of the chip spiral, wherein the opposite edges of the thread are spaced apart, and with one complete thread pitch the blade is secured to the frame structure only a portion of its length. Chip spiral according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame structure is at least three radially arranged frame plates (20) to which the blade (18) is connected at least at its attachment edge (23). Chipper spiral according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the frame plates (20) have inner edges • m * • · t, (22) between which there is free space. • · · • · • * * * Saw blade according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there are one, two blades, or three blades. • · · · · · · · · · The central spiral according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frame plates (20) have a tooth to which the blades (18) are fixed. • · · • · · ··· The ha- ··· according to any one of the preceding claims. mid-spiral, characterized in that the frame plates (20) and the mmm blades (18) form a lattice structure. • * 35 Ha-119145 mid-spiral according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its outer shell is conical and the blades are spiral. 8. A saw spiral according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a cylindrical outer shell and straight screw threads. 9. A chipping method comprising rotating a chip spiral having at least one helical blade (18), feeding the chipping material to the blade (18), thereby cutting the chips from the material, and blowing the chips from the blade (18), characterized in that at least a portion is removed. chips from the blade (18) through this open center such that at least a portion of the length of the chip spiral is formed at the blade attachment 15 edge (23) with the opposite edges of the thread spaced apart and the blade (18) engages only in the frame structure part of its length. 20 10. Chipping machine comprising means (5) for connecting the machine to a power source, a power-driven rotating blade (9), means (11, 12, 14) for applying a power supply to the machine. for supplying material to the blade (9) and means (17) for removing the chips from the chipping machine, characterized in that the blade is a chip spiral comprising a frame structure (20), at least one rising thread blade (18) connected thereto, wherein! * * .. has a clamping edge (23) and a blade edge (13), and means 30 (8) for securing the chip spiral to a rotating, ··· power unit and wherein the clamping edge of the blade (18) forms at least a portion of the chip spiral length • Inner sheath with opposite threads • · * · ♦ spaced apart and one complete • »i '· *! With a 35 thread pitch, the blade is attached to the frame structure only a portion of its length. 119145 Machine according to Claim 10, characterized in that it comprises means for coupling the machine to a power-driven tractor. 5 Machine according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises means for connecting the machine to an electric or diesel engine used as a power source. * · • · • t t t t t · ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ · · · • · ♦ ♦ • »» »» »» »1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * 1 * 1 1 1 1 1 * 1 * 1 1 • · · 119145