FI118730B - Method and equipment for evacuating a building or part thereof - Google Patents

Description

118730

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR EVACUATING A BUILDING OR ITS PART

The present invention relates to a method for evacuating a building or a part thereof as set forth in the preamble of claim 1 and in the preamble of claim 8.

Especially in high-rise, multi-storey buildings, moving people in the building quickly and in a controlled manner is extremely important in exceptional cases, such as fire, earthquake, bomb threat or the like. In the event of fire or earthquake, the use of transport systems for persons and / or goods, particularly lifts, is generally prohibited for safety reasons, as the operation of transport systems may be impaired and consequently transport systems may become inoperable, for example lifting baskets. The operation of transport systems, such as an elevator, is interfered with e.g. fire-extinguishing-20 water, which can cause short circuits and other electrical failures when entering electronic and electrical circuits. In addition, the heat of the fire can damage parts of the transportation system.

Thus, for example, people in the elevator cars 25 between the floors are at risk. In case of fires, eg. your • m. tends to easily climb up the elevator shaft, causing people in the elevator baskets to be exposed to smoke and • · * ··· * oxygen supply.

···•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••·· ·; *** to allow unintentional spread to and through the elevator shaft • ·· *. other layers. In addition, this functionality endangers the safety of ··· · * "35 users in the elevator. Because the uncontrolled use of transportation systems such as lifts in particular ·· * in emergencies causes the problems described above, and transportation systems are not designed to be used for evacuation. For example, normal use of elevators is generally prohibited in the case of fires of 2 118730 mm, which causes new problems in evacuation situations where a lot of people are trapped in, for example, the top floors of a building, normal evacuation routes, usually using stairs. evacuation of people along staircases can take so long that during the evacuation, when the rescue personnel is focused on safely exiting people from the building, the fire may be allowed to spread uncontrollably. I do not move people with reduced mobility inside or inside a building because these transportation systems are disabled. For these reasons, more efficient and faster means of evacuation should be developed.

15

When properly equipped and with a sufficiently safe evacuation system, lifts can be used in a controlled way to evacuate people from tall buildings. Prior art is known e.g. A system for evacuating a mono-20-storeyed building using elevators according to U.S. Patent No. 6000505. The system consists of detectors that detect the layers where, for example, smoke has been detected, etc. After that, the system / ml 'system itself directs the necessary elevators to evacuation elevators and *: * · changes the controls of the elevators e.g. so that the elevator does not answer • · * · 25 basket calls. The system also has an assurance that the elevator does not «··. ** ·. stop and do not open doors on a floor that became # · · could spread through the elevator into the elevator shaft and further into other parts of the building. The problem with this, however, is that the automated system is rigid and does not • adapt itself to all circumstances. In addition, the system does not know how to predict its future durability, so that an elevator, for example, may be evacuated to a part of a building ··· in a state where a component is just about to break • · * · · * "Due to increased heat or other causes.

It is an object of the present invention to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks and to provide an inexpensive, reliable, safe and efficient method and apparatus for evacuating a building or a part thereof. . The method according to the invention is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 1 and the apparatus according to the invention is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 5. Other embodiments of the invention are characterized by what is set forth in the other claims. Inventive embodiments are also disclosed in the specification of this application. The inventive content contained in the application may also be defined otherwise than in the claims below. The inventive content may also consist of several separate inventions, especially if the invention is considered in the light of its expressions or implicit subtasks or in terms of the benefits or classes of benefits achieved. In this case, some of the attributes contained in the claims below may be redundant for individual inventive ideas.

An advantage of the method and apparatus according to the invention, i.e. the common solution 20, is that it provides a quick and efficient evacuation of a building or a part thereof. A further advantage is that the use of different transport systems in the building, such as / 1 'especially elevators, can be optimized in the evacuation space, thus enabling the use of evacuation capacity. . *. 25 optimal use. It also has the advantage that · · · · · *, the system provides an automatic evacuation proposal for evacuation * · ·· [·. a suggestion that can be skipped. • manually by the operator. This will speed up the evacuation of • • • · ***. A further advantage is that, due to the integrated performance monitoring system integrated in the transportation system, transportation systems, such as ··· why lifts and groups of lifts that cannot be used, and zones that cannot be removed can be easily removed from the system. evacuate transport systems using «« »·. ···. I do not. Another advantage is that the system of the invention extends the use of various transport systems in the building as a part of the entire building complex.

• · • · · • ·· • ♦

In the following, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to one embodiment of FIG. 3 schematically shows an example of an elevator group specific detector arrangement according to the invention.

Figure 1 shows schematically the main parts of the evacuation system of the solution according to the invention. The system includes group control 1 of elevators in 15 high-rise buildings, which can be several in the building as there are several groups of elevators. Each elevator group is controlled by a plurality of elevators whose elevator control 2 is coupled to the elevator group group control 1. The elevator control transmits e.g. the evacuation model 4 of the elevator's own performance forecast 3 in group control 20 so that the model knows how long each elevator can safely continue to perform evacuation or other necessary tasks such as fire - .. * · * city tasks. This also provides information on the operational *: ** capability of the various lifts within the evacuation system and can also influence the operation of the evacuation model used by the elevators. based on the warranty forecast.

·· · ·· · • »· • ·

Correspondingly, the group control evacuation model 4 is coupled bidirectionally via switching means 8 to the evacuation management system 5 of the evacuation system 5 of the invention f 30 to transmit information through the evacuation management system, e.g. to the control room operator 7 and the like. ··· To transmit operational commands from the operator to elevator groups 1 ·· «* and further to elevator control 2. Evacuation management system-

• M

* t 35 additional signaling equipment connected to the construction vehicle * · · ···! from the ground, fire alarm system or the like to obtain alarm signal information 6 to the evacuation management system 5 and further to the elevator control 2 for controlling the operation of the elevators 5 118730 in an emergency.

The evacuation plan of a building or a part thereof is defined by an evacuation management system 5, 5 according to the invention, by means of which lift group specific evacuation models are selected according to predefined evacuation models. That is, according to the invention, each elevator group has its own evacuation model, which it follows when said elevator group is assigned through an evacuation management system to 10 evacuation operating modes. The evacuation management system 5 also monitors the state of the transport system operating environment, such as a building or part thereof, and the operation of elevator groups, and in the event of an emergency, for example, evacuation progress. Thus, with the help of the evacuation management system 5, it is possible to activate an evacuation process according to the appropriate evacuation model from the alarm information provided by the alarm system.

The group control evacuation models 4 are predefined in the evacuation system 20 for evacuation models for various alarm situations. For the sake of clarity, the examples provided in the application are limited to the fire-alarm mode φφ * ϊ *. In addition to fire, *! ··· various alarm situations may include, for example, gas alarms, · 25 threats, bomb threats or other terrorist threats, earthquakes, or any other ···. * ··. alarm situation requiring evacuation of the building. For these • m different alarm situations, there are predefined evacuation • · '..I timing models 4 that are appropriate for each alarm situation, • which the evacuation management system 5 proposes based on the 30 alarm information it has received, for example, for operations • ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ The • aa evacuation model proposed by the Evacuation Management System 5 is also affected by the location of the alarm • j. in the building and its zoning, which alarm location * ···. * ··. affects the actions in different areas of the • building 35 and thus the evacuation model proposed by the evacuation control system ··· ····. It is also possible to implement • · *. *: Systems where evacuation management system proposed evacuation models are not based on predefined 6 118730 models, but the evacuation management system calculates and defines an appropriate evacuation model based on the alarm information and other information it has received, on a case-by-case basis and optimizes evacuations. However, implementing such systems is expensive and demanding.

Figure 2 is a simplified example of a building 9 in which one zone division with exits is implemented in accordance with the invention. In addition to the common lower part of the building, there are two upwardly towering towers, one with elevator / shaft 10 for the elevator groups operating there and the other with elevator shaft 11 with the elevator groups operating there. In addition, the building is divided into zones Z1 ... Z6 and each zone is assigned an exit route E1 ... E5. Some of the escape routes E1 and E2 are on the ground level, while others E3 ... E5 are on the roof of the building.

The building evacuation system according to the invention consists of at least evacuation zones Z1, Z2, ..., ZN, which further consist of building layers F1, F2, ..., FN. In addition, the building evacuation system of the invention includes: • j · *; prioritized list of exit layers connected • · *: 25 for exit routes E1, E2, ..., EN. Zoning of the building by mouth ···. ···. in a nickel building evacuation system, the population of the building, grouping of elevators, exits and building • · * ..! according to the subdivision, so that the evacuation of a building or part of it can be carried out as efficiently, quickly and safely as possible in a pre-selected, safe and secure place.

··· • m »* ··· For example when building automation, fire alarm system or ····. ·· *. the other one detects an emergency state in a zone, ··· ·, 35 the system in question sends an emergency state signal 6 to the evacuation management system 5 as input, which f · t · · · * * Z evacuation management system receives not only the state of emergency but also On the basis of this, the evacuation control system 7 118730 defines the endangered zone ZX and the measures to be taken and proposes, on the control panel display or information board, what actions should be taken. In this case, the evacuation management system 5 5, for example, proposes to the operator 7 an evacuation model corresponding to the received emergency status signal to the elevator control system as an evacuation model for the zone in question.

10 If the control room operator 7 approves the evacuation management system 5 proposal as such, the group control of the elevators in that zone ZX will move to the predefined evacuation system lam priority. In this case, the group control of the elevator registers all level calls and aggregates them in the direction of the exit layer defined in the direction of travel of the elevator. The calls are optimally compiled, for example, using a generic algorithm. Normal Passenger Lifts do not accept basket calls from inside the elevator car in the evacuation mode, but automatically place the basket call on the exit floor, ·; · *: whereby the elevator car cannot be stopped from inside the elevator car elsewhere: •; * · 25. This will speed up evacuation as well as ···. · * ·. eliminates the risk of an unknowingly pushing a · · · · basket into a dangerous layer.

In order for the evacuation system according to the invention to operate as efficiently and safely as possible, each of the elevators; · * The elevator control system 2 is arranged to monitor and

Mt * ... * to continuously evacuate your ability to operate in evacuation mode. This is implemented with various types of elevator system • · · ·. * · *. with connected detectors, one example of which is «# 352 in Figure 3. In addition to the detectors connected to the elevator system, * • • * · ...

*. *: The main access can also be obtained directly from the building's HVAC systems, for example. The elevator system 8 118730 in Fig. 3 has a smoke detector 16 in the ceiling or ceiling of the elevator engine room 13 and at least one temperature sensor 17 in the vicinity of the machine and instrument cabinets for detecting ambient temperature. The temperature in the engine room must be monitored mainly because the smoke detector 5 may not be relied upon, since the smoke can rise along the elevator shaft 12 from outside the engine room itself. In addition, the engine room temperature is also monitored because, if there is a fire adjacent to the engine room, the engine room temperature may rise to such an extent that the elevator machinery 10 is no longer sufficiently reliable. In non-engine room elevators and lift groups the same situation and the same examples apply as above.

In addition, the elevator shaft has a smoke detector 18 and 15 at each floor level in the shaft roof, and a temperature sensor 19 detects the local temperature of the shaft in each floor. Correspondingly, on each floor F1 ... FN is a temperature sensor 20 near the elevator door that provides the most accurate temperature in each floor near the elevator shaft to a temperature of -20. In addition to the above-mentioned detectors, the elevator car 15 has at least a temperature sensor 21 for monitoring the door of the car door and a temperature sensor 22 for the basket button box. The bottom 14 of the shaft also has at least one temperature *: ** indicator.

25 · · ···. * · *. The above-mentioned and, where appropriate, other appropriate detectors and their input data. allows elevator control to continuously predict, for example, whether * · the elevator can enter the called floor or the exit floor.

. 30 Similarly, the elevator also checks and anticipates whether it can open • · · • · * doors in the evacuation floor or in the escape floor. Checks also include monitoring of the condition of the elevator shaft and lifting equipment * ·· and anticipation of future performance. If ··· »the elevator control system 2 detects that the elevator is threatened • · · *. 35 Immediately incapacitated in one of the areas, the elevator * · · “·· enters FRD mode. firefighter driving.

♦ · * • · · · ·

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the above-mentioned detectors are integrated with other components of the elevator system, so that they do not significantly increase the cost of the elevator. Performance monitoring is mainly based on temperature control of the most important and risky components, which 5 predict the remaining operating time of each component. The temperature readings of the detectors in the elevator lounges and elevator shafts are transmitted from the detectors to the group control of the elevator, and if, for example, the temperature readings exceed the preset limit values on some floors, the group control prevents the py

In order to ensure the operation of the evacuation system according to the invention, it is also necessary to ensure the supply of electricity. In addition to the standard supply line, the system includes a back-up supply line 15 which will provide power to the system in the event of a failure in the normal supply line. In addition, an electrical generator may be provided in the event of an external power failure. With this spare generator, the evacuation lifts can still be kept in operation for a limited period of 20, even though the external power supply is cut off. In addition to the building backup generator, each elevator group may be equipped with a backup generator to ensure power> # * j * supply to the elevator. Likewise, each evacuation *: ** · a lift for road use may be equipped with a spare; j *; 25 power sources, which allow the elevator to drive at least lighter to the nearest * · * safe floor when all other electrical energy is lost.

• • · ·· * • ·

The evacuation system according to the invention is also provided with smoke and gas protection. In this case, the elevator shafts have an overpressure system to prevent toxic gases and smoke from being removed from the elevator shaft. Similarly, lifts can be

A

··· Equipped with a fresh air system for clean breathing ····. ***. for the delivery of lift baskets. Both the overpressure and the fresh air ··· \ 35 system are activated by smoke or gas detectors.

* · · * * ··· • * • · · *. *! It is characteristic of the solution according to the invention that the evacuation management system does not automatically issue an operating command 10 118730 to the elevator system when the evacuation management system detects an exceptional situation. The evacuation management system provides the display or information board with system alarm information, e.g. with temperature and other information, and 5 reports the situation, and only proposes predefined actions to the control room operator 7 via the control panel display or information farm. The operator checks the situation and, with the help of a display or information board, can carry out self-checking of the situation, for example, by checking the video surveillance images of the elevator lounges, etc. at different locations and by checking the temperature sensors and other similar detectors. Thereafter, the operator will either approve the evacuation management system proposal for the appropriate evacuation model, 15 make it more suitable for the purpose, or reject it. The above operations are performed by the operator using the evacuation management system interface in the control room.

From the display or the information board, the operator can see e.g.

20 the locations, movements, directions of movement, calls and departure and intended stopping floors of each elevator group separately. In addition to the aforementioned graphical representation of the elevator shaft, the display or information board has a graphic "* · ί" showing each floor, showing at least a floor plan of the floor, with stairs,: 25 elevator shafts and elevator lounges. ·· Why click on a particular elevator shaft with the cursor to get a video of the • ♦. ···. Screen on the elevator floor of that floor and • · The front of the clicked elevator door is shown in the video. is set according to the evacuation model.

«· • ·« ·; * The screen or information board also has other sections «* ··: ***; to perform various checks and actions. One ··· *. The 35 important partitions are the partitions that are enabled by the action command.

··· * ··· # Here is either a pre-evacuation management system • · * * · action command or a modified version that can be forwarded by the operator to the elevator system, for example, by clicking on a 11118730 mile literal command as if hypertext link.

It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the above example, but may vary within the scope of the following claims. Thus, for example, the evacuation system according to the invention works in place of group control also in smaller buildings which do not require group control and have only one elevator shaft per stairway. Similarly, a control room display or an information display of ~ 10 may differ in function and features from those described above. In addition, the detectors integrated in the system may be other types of suitable detectors in addition to the gas, smoke and temperature detectors. For example, upcoming earthquakes may be warning of sensitive seismic freebies or the like.

It will also be apparent to a person skilled in the art that in the examples described above, only the elevator is shown as a transport system, but the transport system according to the invention may also be an escalator, a horizontal transport system or any other suitable transport system. It will also be apparent to one skilled in the art that, for example, the * .. * · 'transportation system of the invention also includes *! **! escalators may be fitted with a similar evacuation management system to control them. In the building ·· «; 1; for example, certain floor spaces may also be connected to each other by escalators in addition to elevators or only • ·. ···. escalator. There is often a situation where, for example, the escalators • · are arranged in pairs such that the first escalator of the pair ... 30 is arranged to move upward and • · ♦ the second escalator of the pair is downward. In an evacuation situation it is possible to · · · ··· * arrange these escalator pairs to travel *: * in the same direction so that the escalator's evacuation capacity * * * * · '' · doubles when moving in the desired evacuation direction.

·· «*. 35 If there are multiple escalator pairs in a building or part of a building, it may be possible to multiply the evacuation capacity of the escalator between floors by arranging them to run in the desired direction of evacuation.

12 118730

These exemplary escalators can also be controlled and monitored by an evacuation control system and as part of the entire conveying system or individually, as in the examples of the elevator evacuation system 5 described earlier in this application.

• »t *" ·, * * t • · · * • * • «·» «· # · φ i« • · Φ • · • · * * * * * * • · • · ·· ». · * · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ···

Claims (11)

118730 A method of evacuating a building or a part thereof comprising: a plurality of passenger and / or goods transport systems, preferably elevators and / or escalators, and / or other suitable transport systems therefor, each transport system having a transport system control system (2); one or more evacuation zones (21 ... ZN); an evacuation management system (5) for monitoring the state of the various parts of the building; and at least one alarm system for detecting an emergency situation, the evacuation management system (5) activating an evacuation process according to a situation-specific evacuation model (4), by providing operation commands 15 for automatically evacuating and evacuating the desired evacuation zones, which operating instructions are transmitted to the transport systems manually and / or automatically, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of: monitoring and predicting the performance of each transport system; transmitting, from each conveying system, a capability forecast (3) to the evacuation plant (4); and influencing the operating evacuation model based on said operational prediction. • · * · 25 «· * ·· *. * ··. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that: • the evacuation management system (5) predefines the evacuation models (4) based on various alarm data. • · • M „30 A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, when the conveyor system enters an evacuation mode, at least the operating environment of the conveyor system: ***: the temperature is monitored and the temperature exceeds a predetermined limit ····· on one floor the conveyor system stops. *. 35 and / or use on such a · · · * · * · layer. · · * · Method according to claims 1-3, characterized in that at least the temperature and / or the performance of the components of the conveying system itself is monitored and, based on the monitoring, the remaining operating time of the most important components is predicted. 5 A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the temperature and / or performance monitoring of the main components of the conveying system is less than a predetermined value of the operating time of one of the components, stopping said conveyor system to the nearest secure layer or location. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an evacuation management system (5) is used to propose to the operator (7) an optimal predetermined evacuation model (4) based on the alarm information (6). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the final operating command for the elevator system to clear the desired evacuation zones *: * is given manually and / or automatically. • · · · • t. 25 8. Equipment for evacuating a building or part thereof where * · «• · ·. ···. the building has: a set of transport systems for persons and / or • goods, preferably elevators and / or escalators • · * ..! and / or other suitable transport systems, where each transport system includes a transport system control system (2); one or more evacuation zones • · · * · *. * (Z1 ... ZN); an evacuation alarm system (5) to monitor the condition of the various parts of the building, - and at least one alarm system to indicate an emergency situation, and where ···, the equipment includes: means for evacuation management (5) * · * · * ) to conform to the evacuation model applicable to the situation (4) • * · * ... · to evacuate the process and to transmit the evacuation process to the transportation systems to erase the desired evacuation zones to the desired location, and means for manually and / or automatically activating and / or or for automatic transmission to each conveying system, characterized in that each conveying system has means (2) for monitoring and predicting the conveyance system performance and for transmitting the operational forecast (3) to the evacuation model (4) to influence the evacuation model used based on said operational forecast. 10 Apparatus according to Claim 8, characterized in that the apparatus comprises means for monitoring and predicting the performance of the transport equipment of the conveying system, preferably elevators, escalators or the like, and for transferring the conveying equipment to a predetermined space and / or position. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the means for monitoring and predicting the performance of the transport system are integrated with other components of the transport system. Apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, characterized. .1. 25 that the transport system performance monitoring and · »(, ···. Preventive means are located in appropriate locations • · ···. At least in the engine room, elevator shaft, elevator car, or other appropriate location · · ·. - and / or smoke and / or gas detectors and / or other 30 suitable detectors (16 ... 22) arranged to monitor at least the remaining functionalities of the main components. time. * • • • • • • • • • • • • • 16 1 1 8730