FI114386B - Procedure for the treatment of household waste - Google Patents

Abstract

A method comprising the steps a) receiving (1), storing (2), unpacking (3) and screening (4) while spraying; b) washing (5) and centrifuging (6); c) drying (7), sorting (8) and removing refuse that can be recycled as it is; and d) for some kinds of refuse remaining after steps (a), (b) and (c), grinding (11) and additional drying (12) to give granulates.

Description

114386

METHOD OF DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD WASTE - FÖRFARANDE FÖR BEHANDLING AV HUSHÄLLSAVFALL

The invention relates to a process for the treatment of household waste 5 and to an industrial apparatus for carrying out said process for recycling and / or generating aggregates from waste.

Household waste and scrap products generally contain the following materials: 10 - 25% organic material: vegetables, fruits, cooking waste, etc., - 50% recyclable material: paper, cardboard, rags, leather, plastic, etc., - inert material 25 %: stone, glass, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, ceramics, etc.

A long time has been made to find a way to deal with the aforementioned waste and scrap.

Modern solutions for waste management include: 20 - landfilling of waste, which presents all well-known risks of pollution, - incineration, with or without energy recovery.

:; In the first case, broad:. 25 air pollution when smoke and vapors are not cleaned properly.

This requires a large investment, a great deal of use; labor costs and high energy consumption.

; ·; · While there is a theoretical advantage in the second case of energy recovery, a basic structure, such as urban heating, is required to distribute this Energy.

*: · This solution is only feasible in cold countries with waste that is highly flammable.

"The third solution consists of the production of compost and household waste.

t »» 2 114386 This technology is well known and gives interesting results.

However, this technology utilizes only part of the household waste.

5 Thus, waste must be handled and sorted under particularly uncomfortable working conditions, both for staff and the environment, and to produce unpleasant consequences, in particular odors.

In addition, the resulting compost is extremely moist, 10 which prevents it from being transported over long distances and, when used in agriculture, is unattractive to the user, depending on its moisture content and unpleasant consequences.

It is an object of the invention to provide a waste treatment method with a minimum amount of unpleasant and hazardous effects, odors and litter for the personnel responsible for the method, which, after sorting, provides a dry, preferably granular, readily stored, transportable and fertilizing agent.

The process for treating household waste according to the invention comprises the following consecutive steps: a) receiving, opening bags and then screening and moistening; b) drying; sorting and separating the decaying organic materials, followed by sorting, emptying the recyclable secondary raw materials, "· (c) for the decaying organic materials, after steps * 30 (a) and (b), it is transferred to milling and drying to obtain the granulate." The process of the invention includes the following: steps between steps a) and b): washing and drying by centrifugation Other advantages and features of the invention 35 will be apparent from the following description of the '···' which provides a preferred method for carrying out the process. given in the form of an example and is therefore not limiting.

In the following, the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which Figure 15 illustrates a schematic diagram of a household waste treatment device according to which the method of the invention may be practiced.

The container 1 is provided with a conventional ventilation unit and a conventional waste humidification system 10.

The container 1 may be provided with an outlet system.

The container includes a conventional feed screw type or belt conveyor for feeding the feed cone 2.

The amount of material delivered by the conveyor is adjusted as necessary.

The feed hopper 2 feeds a bag removal device 3, which preferably has a built-in humidifying system 20, which opens the bags and feeds the waste to a screw or belt conveyor passing to the screening station 4.

The bag removal station is equipped with a serrated toothpick which opens the bags roughly.

| 2 5 Screening station 4 separates small waste materials from trash.

/·.·_ This station is also equipped with a humidity system.

»· C

The screening station feeds the waste to the washing station 1 30 5.

Preferably, the washing station 5 consists of a rotating drum on a horizontal or vertical axis, wherein the washing: is carried out using continuously circulating water with grease recovery and recycling.

4 114386 The waste is then transferred (via belt or screw conveyor) to a centrifugal drying station, which expels the wash water and delivers it to the treatment station.

The centrifugal drying station 6 operates using a continuous rotary centrifuge 5.

The waste passes forward through the conveyor from station 6 to drying station 7.

The dryer, equipped with an internal conveyor, removes moisture from the product prior to Sat-10, using dried air, which is continuously circulated through a fan unit (vert.C.AIR).

The system used consists of a combination of a conventional heat pump and heat exchangers.

The preferred drying air temperature is 30 to 15 ° C to 8 ° C.

The water is recovered from the drying air.

Upon leaving the drying station 7, the products are transported to a manual sorting area. The waste material is sorted according to type on the conveyor as shown in the summary of the tea.

Selective conveyor belts are fed at the sorting station with products of the same type or group. Flammable, non-perishable products, plastics, rags, cardboard and other materials: 2 5 products are grouped and sent to compaction station 9 where the waste is compressed into bales for storage ·. ·, In stock 10. The bales are then sent to suitable finishing stations.

;; / Highly perishable organic matter, food waste and vegetable matter are transported to the mill 11.

The grinding station produces an aggregate.

The milling is carried out in any suitable manner that is compatible with the device.

The resulting aggregate is transported to a drying unit ', 35 12, where it is thoroughly dried.

The temperature of this drying unit is about 38 ° C.

5, 114386

The aggregate obtained after drying is bagged for use using conventional equipment.

Storage, Input (1-2), Sack Off-5 to 3, and Screening 4 stations are pre-wet scrubbing stations with water recovery systems that facilitate the operation of the scrubbing station 5 and the drying station 6.

This wet stage of the process is one of the important features of the invention and allows the work to be carried out with 10 waste materials from which most of the impurities and harmful effects, in particular the odor, have been removed.

The drying step includes: drying 7, sorting 8 and compaction stations 9 for inorganic material 7, 8, 9, as well as a grinding station 11 and drying station 12 for organic material. This step provides extra comfort during work and dry end products. The organic matter is removed in the form of a dry aggregate which is particularly easy to apply as a fertilizer.

The implementation of the invention enables the use of organic waste in agriculture without the application of moisture and impurities, as is the case with conventional composting methods since they have been previously removed by spraying, washing and drying.

Claims (3)

6 114386 Patent Claims ET 1. Successive steps in the treatment method for household waste: 5 a) receiving (1), opening the bags (3) and subsequently screening (4) and wetting, b) drying (7); sorting (8) and separating the decaying organic materials, followed by sorting, emptying the recyclable secondary raw materials (9 & 10), (c) for decaying organic materials, after steps (a) and (b), transferring them to milling (11) and drying ( 12) to obtain a granulate, characterized in that it comprises the following steps between steps a) and b): washing (5) and drying by centrifugation (6). Treatment method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the washing is carried out in a rotating drum having a horizontal or vertical axis using continuously recycled water having fat recovery and recycling. 3. The treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that the centrifugation is performed by means of a centrifuge which: rotates continuously. »7 114386