FI114116B - Method and apparatus in connection with a power boiler - Google Patents

Description

114116

Field of the Invention

A method for determining a quantity of solid fuel fed to a power boiler.

A further object of the invention is an apparatus for determining the quantity of solid fuel supplied to a power boiler.

Background of the Invention

The production of electricity and heat from power boilers in power plants is based on the combustion of fuels in power boilers. Fuels used in power boilers include oil, gas and solid fuels. Solid fuels include coal, peat, biofuels and various municipal and sorted waste. The principle of a boiler can only be based on burning oil, gas or solid waste, but often many different fuels can be burned in the same boiler. Combustion techniques for solid fuel fired power boilers may vary. The most common combustion technologies for solid fuel boilers today are dust combustion, grate combustion or fluidized bed combustion.

The problem with solid fuel power boilers is variations in the quality or feed of solid fuel, which causes variations in fixed •. road fuel efficiency. Instead of measuring the direct value of the fuel power, the fuel power of the solid fuel can be described, for example, as the solid fuel firing power or the solid fuel calorific value obtained from the measurement of the fired power and fuel input. Fixed feed to the power boiler the amount of fuel on the road is adjusted based on the fuel efficiency of the fuel.

'· Variations in fuel efficiency make it difficult to adjust the amount of fuel supplied to the boiler to obtain the desired output from the boiler. Fluctuations in the quality of solid fuels may be due, for example, to the characteristics of the fuel sources themselves, such as variations in properties between different coal grades. Fluctuations in fuel quality are also caused by fuel humidity, '. variation. Fuel humidity can be measured in the laboratory, but it takes too long to determine the moisture content to be used effectively to control fuel supply. Fluctuations in fuel supply are usually due to malfunctions in fuel supply systems. ··, ··; Although the amount of fuel fed into the boiler can be reliably measured, the determination of the fuel efficiency of the fuel in the laboratory takes about one 2 114116 days, which is again too long for efficient control of the fuel supply.

Solid fuel firepower is calculated based on the energy balance of the power boiler or the oxygen consumption of the power boiler. However, neither method of calculating the heat output of the fuel can determine the heat output or calorific value of the solid fuel supplied to the power boiler in such a way that the fuel supply can be accurately controlled. When calculating the heat output or calorific value of a fuel based on the power balance of the boiler, the problem is the long delays caused by the water storage and heat transfer of the boiler, which requires a fair amount of filtering to prevent the process dynamics from affecting the calculation. When calculating the heat output or calorific value of a fuel based on the amount of oxygen bound to the combustion, the problem is the inaccuracy and unreliability of the final result determined.

US 4909037 discloses a method for controlling the fuel feed of a coal boiler based on the direct energy balance of the boiler. The method determines the energy output from the boiler on the basis of the vapor pressure and measures the amount of fuel fed to the boiler and determines the desired energy output from the boiler. Based on the measured boiler power output and the desired power output, an error signal is calculated to adjust the fuel feed. However, the solution presented in the publication does not take sufficient account of the problems caused by fuel quality fluctuations or supply disturbances in the operation of the power boiler.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel, and more accurate, method and apparatus for solid fuel combustion; '; to determine the amount of hoa.

The method of the invention is characterized by determining the firepower of the solid fuel supplied to the power boiler based on the power balance of the power boiler, determining the firepower of the solid fuel fed to the power boiler based on fuel combustion power and · *. · solid fuel combustion power determined from the oxygen consumption of the power boiler: ... ·.

The apparatus according to the invention is further characterized in that the apparatus comprises means for determining the power of the solid fuel supplied to the power boiler based on the energy balance of the power boiler, means for determining the heat power of the solid fuel to determine a descriptive quantity based on the solid fuel firepower determined from the power boiler energy balance and the solid fuel firepower determined from the power consumption of the boiler.

According to an essential idea of the invention, the quantity of solid fuel supplied to a power boiler is determined by determining the firepower of the solid fuel fed to the power boiler based on the power balance of the solid boiler based on the solid fuel firepower determined from the oxygen consumption of the power boiler. For example, a solid fuel combustion power or a calorific value may be used as a measure of the solid fuel combustion power. According to an embodiment of the invention, the amount of solid fuel supplied to the power boiler is further adjusted based on said quantity representing the combustion power of the solid fuel supplied to the power boiler. According to another embodiment of the invention, the calorific value of the solid fuel fed to the power boiler is determined by determining the solid fuel fed to the power boiler; määrä fuel, determine the calorific value of the solid fuel fed to the boiler, based on the solid: ': fuel fire power and the amount of solid fuel fed to the boiler>; ··, determine the value of the solid fuel fed to the boiler. specified solid fuel, · ·. based on the effective heat output and the amount of solid fuel supplied to the power boiler, and determining the calorific value of the solid fuel fed to the power boiler from the energy balance of the solid fuel determined from the power boiler; ; · · * * based on the calorific value of solid fuel determined from the oxygen consumption of the boiler and the boiler. According to a third embodiment of the invention, the solid fuel supplied to the power boiler is determined from the power balance of the power boiler by determining the steam power of the power boiler and determining the power of the power boiler based on the steam power of the power boiler. According to a fourth embodiment of the invention, the effect of one or more fuels of known power input to the boiler is further modeled on the power output determined from the power balance of the boiler and offset from said modeling the effect of one or more combustion fuels on the power boiler. According to a fifth embodiment of the invention, the effect of the amount of solid fuel supplied to the power boiler on the steam power of the power boiler is modeled and based on that modeling, the calorific value of the solid fuel fed to the power boiler is determined. According to a sixth embodiment of the invention the solid fuel supplied to the power boiler is determined by determining the hot power of the boiler by determining the oxygen consumption of the boiler by determining the oxygen content of the flue gases and by determining the hot power of the boiler. According to a seventh embodiment of the invention, the effect of one or more fuel-fired fuels fed to the power boiler on the power output of the power boiler determined by oxygen consumption is further modeled, and the effect of one or more fuel-fired power blasters on the power boiler is offset. According to an eighth embodiment of the invention, the effect of the amount of solid fuel supplied to the power boiler on the power output determined from the oxygen consumption of the power boiler is modeled and the heat value of the solid fuel fed to the power boiler is determined.

An advantage of the invention is that the burning power of solid fuel fed to a power boiler can be accurately and quickly determined. In the invention, the total ·: is thus the distance between the fuel power determined by the power balance of the power boiler and the * * ·! / Benefits of combustion power as determined by the oxygen consumption of the power boiler. The solid fuel firing power determined from the energy balance is very accurate, and the oxygen fuel solid fuel firing power can be determined very quickly. By compensating for the effect of known fuels on the firing power of the boiler, the proposed solution can also be used in the case of power boilers where, for example, oil and / or gas is burned in addition to solid fuel. By modeling the effect of the amount of solid fuel supplied to the power boiler [· ') on the steam power of the power boiler, the delay and time constant associated with fuel ignition, combustion and boiler masses in the heat transfer of the boiler can be taken into account. Similarly by modeling. 114116 5 The effect of the amount of solid fuel supplied to the power boiler on the power output determined by the oxygen consumption of the power boiler may be taken into account in the ignition and combustion delay of the fuel in the calorific value of the solid fuel. Accurate and fast solid fuel combustion can further fine-tune the amount of solid fuel fed into the power boiler.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be explained in more detail in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 schematically shows a side view of a power boiler and Figure 2 schematically shows a solution for determining the calorific value of solid fuel supplied to the power boiler.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a power boiler 1 in which the solution shown for determining a solid fuel SF fuel input such as Psf [MW] or calorific value Hsf [MJ / JG] can be used. The solid fuel SF calorific value Hsf is a quantity that is not an absolute value but is proportional to the fuel feed rate, the fuel flow signal, with other typical solid fuel SF caloric values Hsf being [MJ / kg], [MJ /%] or [MJ /%] m3]. The strong- '· * space 1 shown in Fig. 1 is a fluidized bed boiler with a furnace 2 having a sand bed 3 serving as a grate for boiler' 1. Further, the power boiler 1 according to Fig. 1 includes a cylinder 4,

'[Trap 5, superheater 6 and flue gas duct 7. Solid fuel Boiler 1 SF

t 1 · is fed to the furnace 1 of the power boiler 2 above the sand bed 3 through the solid fuel feed SF 8. The fuel can be fed to the power boiler 1 using, for example, a feed screw 9 driven by an engine 10. A wide variety of different types of fuel such as coal, peat, biofuels and various municipal wastes can be used as solid fuel SF. or sorted waste. The solid fuel SF supplied to the power boiler 1 may comprise only one type of fuel, or the fuel to be supplied may comprise several different types of fuel mixed or intermixed with one another. In addition to solid fuel SF, power boiler 1 can also be used as fuel: •: * · i, for example, oil or gas.

6 114116

Further, the power boiler 1 includes an air duct 11 through which the combustion air BA used for fuel combustion and the blast air PA needed to fluidize the sand bed layer 3 in the boiler 1 are fed to the power boiler 1. The combustion air BA required for fuel combustion is conducted above the sand bed layer along the first branch 11a of the air duct 11 and the blowing air PA fluidizing the sand bed layer 3 is led below the sand bed layer along the second branch 11b of the air duct 11. Naturally, the blowing air PA fluidizing the sand bed layer 3 also acts as a combustion air for the power boiler. Combustion air BA and blowing air PA together supply the supply air SA to the power boiler 1, which is supplied to the power boiler 1 via a supply air SA pre-heater 12 fitted to the flue gas duct 7 which uses the thermal energy SA to supply the combustion gas SA. Further, the power boiler 1 includes a feed water line 13 for supplying the feed water SW to the cylinder 4. The feed water line 13 is led through a feed water SW preheater 14 arranged in the flue gas duct 7, where the feed water SW is heated near the saturation point. 4 cylinder SW feed water is passed in the direction of the arrow A, the power of the boiler 1 to the evaporator 5, wherein the energy resulting from the combustion of the fuel to vaporize the feed water to steam ST SW. From the evaporator 5, the steam ST returns to the cylinder 4. From the cylinder 4, the steam ST is further led through a superheater 6 arranged in the flue gas duct 7 to a turbine external to the power boiler 1, which rotates; j generator. From the turbine, steam ST is led to a condenser where it condenses; to water and from where it is usually further recycled as feed SW; · Cylinder 4. For the sake of clarity, no turbine, generator or condenser is shown in Fig. 1, nor is it possible for the power boiler 1 to be further shown. * * ·. one or more intermediate repeaters.

* ·

Figure 1 shows schematically and by way of example the construction of a power boiler 1. The design and operation of the power boiler 1 may be varied; ;;;; della in many different ways. As a power boiler 1, the fluidized bed shown in FIG.

'··· * instead of a boiler, use a circulating bed boiler, for example, where the exhaust air is PA

is fed with such a strong flow into the furnace 2 of the boiler 1 that it enters the furnace 2 with sand and fuel, whereupon the solid particles exiting the blast with blowing must be separated in a special separator and returned to the furnace. Power boiler 1 can also be used: all other solid fuel boilers. The cylinder 4 in connection with the previous boiler can be replaced by a flow-through SW of the feed water, which is a flow-through boiler. The structure and function of the various power boilers is known to the person skilled in the art and is not further explained herein.

Fig. 2 and the following example schematically show in block diagram form one solution for determining the quantity of solid fuel SF to be fed to the power boiler 1. In Figure 2 and in the example, the fuel combustion power is determined as the calorific value of the fuel Hsf. which is determined by both the calorific value of the solid fuel HEb determined from the energy balance EB of the boiler 1 and the calorific value H02 of the solid fuel determined by the oxygen consumption 02 of the boiler 1.

When determining the calorific value of solid fuel SF based on the energy balance of power boiler 1, the steam power Pst [MW] of power boiler 1 is first determined. The steam power Pst of the power boiler 1 is determined from the difference between the enthalpies of the steam water from the power boiler 1 and the enthalpies of the steam ST leaving the power boiler 1 and the flow of the steam ST. The enthalpy of the feed water SW of the power boiler 1 is calculated from the temperature Tsw [° C] of the feed water SW and the pressure psw [MPa]. The feed water SW temperature TSw [° C] and the pressure psw [MPa] are measured with known temperature and pressure sensors from the feed water line 13 before the feed water is fed to the power boiler 1, i.e. in the case of Figure 1 before the steam boiler 1 Based on Tst [° C] and pressure Pst [MPa], which are: measured by temperature and pressure sensors known per se from the steam duct 15 ^ after superheater 6. If the power boiler includes one or more intermediate superheaters:: their effect shall also be taken into account in the determination of the power ST of the steam ST.

: * ·, · Multiplying the enthalpy difference between the steam ST and the feed water SW by the flow rate of the steam ST. the amount [kg / s] gives the steam power PSt of the boiler 1

By dividing the steam power Pst of the boiler 1 by the burning efficiency η, the fire power Pfpeb [MW] of the boiler 1 is based on the energy balance of the boiler 1. The fire power Pfpeb of the boiler 1 is thus the energy difference between the superheated steam ST and the feed water SW divided by the combustion efficiency η. The firing power Pfpeb of the power boiler 1 thus comprises the firing power of all the fuels fed to the power boiler 1. If oil and / or gas and / or some other fuel of known combustion power, such as molasses or grinding dust, is supplied to the boiler 1 in addition to the solid fuel SF, then the proportion of these known 8 114116 power boilers 1 firing power Pfpeb to determine the solid fuel firing power Peb supplied to power boiler 1. The effect of known fuels with the firing power Pfpeb of the power boiler 1 can be compensated by a model of their combustion. For the sake of clarity, Figure 2 shows only the oil and gas effect compensation, with the model inputs being the oil and gas flow rates F0 or FG and the power output Pfbeb of power boiler 1.

The calorific value Heb of the solid fuel determined on the basis of the energy balance is obtained by dividing the above solid fuel firing power Peb by the amount of solid fuel fed to the boiler 1 Msf. The amount of solid fuel fed to the boiler 1

Because of the long delay and time constant associated with cylinder 4 and heat transfer of power boiler 1, the thermal power Pst of the fuel supplied to power boiler 1 will not be reflected in steam power Pst of the power boiler 1 until long time after. The delay is typically 30 to 150 seconds and the time constant is typically a few minutes. Therefore, the effect of delay and time constant must be taken into account, ie compensating for the calorific value of the fuel. The combined effect of delay and time constant is referred to herein as At. This effect of delay and time constant Δt can be compensated by a process model describing the operation of the power boiler 1 and fuel combustion. The process model is used to target: the measurement Ts of t-r (to) of steam ST, the measurement of the flow rate i FsT (to) and the measurement of the pressure PstOo) and of the feed water SW: \ * Tsi (to) and the measurement of psw ) to the time to-At, where::: the solid fuel producing the steam power Ps-r (to) corresponding to these measurements is fed to the power boiler 1. At thus corresponds to the time elapsed from that time to- · ·. At when a certain amount of solid fuel SF has been fed to the power boiler 1 until the steam power PsT (to) corresponding to that amount of fuel comes out of the power boiler 1. The quantity At comprises fuel supply ;;; the time it took to ignite, the burn time of the fuel, and the time until the thermal power of the fuel was converted to the steam ST at the output Pst of the boiler 1. The process model is a dynamic model that describes the dynamic behavior of a power boiler 1 operation. The process model can be used to determine the solid fuel calorific value HEb based on the energy balance EB of the boiler 1, knowing the amount of solid fuel fed to the boiler 1 Msf '* at to-At and t0 corresponding to the solid fuel firing Peb · 9 114116 based on the oxygen consumption 02 of the power boiler 1, the amount of oxygen bound to the combustion of the fuel which is strongly correlated with the thermal power of the fuel is determined.

The determination of oxygen consumption is not affected by the boiler water storage, bed material or heat transfer, but only by the delays and time constants associated with combustion and oxygen measurement. When determining the solid fuel firing power P02 based on the oxygen consumption of the boiler 1, the total amount of supply air SA fed to the boiler 1 is measured Fsa [kg / s] and the oxygen content 02sg [%] of the flue gas SG exiting the boiler 1 is measured. 1, in the example shown in Fig. 1, prior to the supply air SA SA preheater 12. The oxygen content 02sg of the flue gas SG exiting the boiler 1 can be measured from the flue gas channel 7, for example with a ZrO2 sensor. Based on the measurements, the fire power PO2 calculated from the oxygen consumption of the power boiler 1 can be calculated in a manner known per se to a person skilled in the art from the formula P02 = (1-22g / 21) * Fsa / k, (1) where k is the typical oxygen consumption [kg / MW]. Oxygen measurement: the model can take into account the delay and time constant between the total Fsa of the feed air SA fed to the power boiler 1 and the corresponding measurement of the oxygen content of the flue gas O2sg. Typically delay and time constant •: ·; the effect is approximately 20 to 40 seconds and depends on the boiler sizing and load. ·: situation. If oil boiler 1 is used in addition to solid fuel · * ·! and / or gas and / or other fuel of known combustion efficiency, the effect of these is removed from the combustion power P02 of the power boiler 1 as described above, to obtain the calculated oxygen consumption of solid fuel SF ;;;; fire power P02 · * ·; ** The calorific value of the solid fuel H02, calculated on the basis of oxygen consumption, is obtained by dividing the solid fuel heat power P02 as defined above by the amount of solid fuel fed to the power boiler 1 Msf. Similarly to the calculation of solid fuel combustion power HEb from the boiler 1 * ·· [energy balance EB, the process model takes into account the delay and ': time constant before the fuel fed into the furnace ignites and burns 10 114116 and the flue gases from the combustion the process model, of course, differs from the model used to calculate the calorific value of solid fuel based on the energy balance EB of the boiler 1, since the oxygen consumption of the boiler 1 is not affected by the boiler cylinder, bed material or heat transfer.

The calorific value HSf of the solid fuel SF supplied to the boiler 1 is determined as a function of the solid fuel calorific value HEb determined from the energy balance EB of the boiler 1 and of the solid fuel calorific value H02 determined by the oxygen consumption 02 of the boiler 1

Hsf = f (Heb, H2O), (2) which function can be linear or nonlinear.

The solution combines the benefits of both the calorific value determined from the energy balance of the boiler and the calorific value determined from the oxygen consumption of the boiler. Based on the energy balance EB, the calorific value of the solid fuel Heb can be determined very precisely, i.e. the calorific value of the solid fuel can be determined very precisely. Oxygen consumption, on the other hand, can determine the calorific value of solid fuel very quickly and is not affected by the delays and time constants of the boiler masses. Thermal value determined on the basis of oxygen consumption | vo is not quite as accurate as the calorific value determined from the energy balance, 'vo, but it can easily be used to detect rapid changes in the power; | SF for solid fuel fed to boiler Hsf ·: Exact baseline for SF for solid fuel and. by detecting rapid changes in calorific value, it is possible to react accurately and quickly, if necessary, to changes in the amount of solid fuel SF supplied to power boiler 1 Msf · By dividing the desired heat output from power boiler 1 · ;;; that is, the thermal power setpoint HSp for the solid fuel calorific value Hsf gives the target or setpoint MSfsp for the amount of solid fuel SF fed to the boiler 1. Based on the difference between the solid fuel set point Msfsp supplied to the power boiler 1 and the measurement MsF, the control device 17 determines a control signal COsf to control, for example, the rotation speed of the engine 10 using screw 9 and thereby adjust the power * 'to the boiler. 1 is the amount of solid fuel SF fed.

11 114116

The solid fuel calorific value Hsf determined according to one embodiment is used to adjust the amount of fuel fed to the power boiler 1 so that the calorific value of the solid fuel SF determined by the energy balance EB of the boiler 1 number. On the other hand, the solid fuel calorific value Ho2 determined from the oxygen consumption 02 of the boiler 1 determines to what extent the amount of fuel fed to the boiler 1 must be changed from its setpoint Msp due to fluctuations in the calorific value of the fuel.

Based on the solution, the amount of solid fuel fed to the power boiler 1 can be adjusted very precisely, both in the case of varying fuel quality and during fuel supply failure. The solution can also be used for controlling the total amount of air SA or combustion air BA supplied to the power boiler 1, controlling the amount of feed water SW or controlling the temperature of the superheated steam. The determined solid fuel calorific value can also be used to control the fuel feed even in situations where the power of a plurality of power boilers is controlled by controlling the amount of fuel fed to one boiler. Further, the amount of combustion power determined in accordance with the solution may be used to control steam consumption or power generation.

A: If the fuel power of solid fuel SF is to be determined instead of the calorific value of the fuel Hsf as the fuel firing power Psf, the fuel firing power PSF may be determined from Figure 2 and the example above; as a function of the solid fuel fire power determined by the power balance of the boiler: PEb and the fixed fuel consumption P02 determined by the oxygen consumption of the boiler

»* I

PsF = f (Peb, P02) · (3) When defining the solid fuel SF power as the fuel firing power Psf: '·, · has the advantages of the solution and the usability of the solution is similar to the determination of the fixed · ·. · · *. fuel efficiency of road fuel as calorific value of fuel Hsf ·

The functions shown in the block diagram of Fig. 2 are implemented by devices belonging to a power boiler * t '·· lan 1 automation system, such as computers or other: special-purpose calculating and / or controlling and controlling devices. Thus, the functions shown in the schematic diagram of block 12 114116 of Figure 2 can be implemented centrally, for example, in the data processing device 16 schematically shown in Figure 1, to which also the functions of the control device 17 can be combined. Preferably, the functions requiring computation are executed programmatically. Each of the functions shown in Figures 1 and 2, where computing is required, can of course be implemented in its own computing units or devices, but preferably all functions requiring computing are performed in one central computing unit or device.

The drawings and the description related thereto are intended only to illustrate the idea of the invention. The details of the invention may vary within the scope of the claims. The solution thus presented can similarly be applied to other power boilers for solid fuel combustion. However, the solution presented offers significant advantages in the case of fluidized bed boilers, since fluidized bed technology is very well suited for the combustion of low quality fuels which may not be combusted by other means without the need for complicated special arrangements. Fluid combustion technology per se allows rapid and large variations in fuel quality, but the problems caused by these variations in controlling the amount of solid fuel fed into the power boiler and in the availability of the power boiler can be alleviated by the solution presented.

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Claims (28)

A method for determining the amount of solid fuel (SF) fed into a power boiler (1), characterized in that 5 determines the firepower (Peb) of solid fuel (SF) fed to the power boiler (1) based on the energy balance (EB) of the power boiler (1). (1) based on the oxygen consumption (02) of the power boiler (1) and determining the amount of solid fuel 10 (SF) supplied to the power boiler (1) from the power balance (EB) of the solid fuel (EB) SF) based on the thermal power (P02) of the solid fuel (SF) determined from the oxygen consumption (02) of the power output (PEB) and the boiler (1). Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the amount (Msf) of solid fuel 15 (SF) supplied to the power boiler (1) is further adjusted based on the amount of burning power of said solid fuel (SF) fed to the power boiler (1). Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the quantity describing the solid fuel (SF) combustion power is the solid fuel (SF) combustion power, the solid fuel (SF) fire power (PSf) or the solid fuel (SF) calorific value (Hsf). ) · Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that the solid fuel (SF) fed to the power boiler (1) is determined. \ the calorific value (Hsf) by determining the solid fuel (SF) fed to the power boiler (1). . 25 amount (Msf). Determine the solid fuel (SF) supplied to the power boiler (1) '·· * calorific value (HEB) based on the power output (PEb) of the solid fuel (SF) determined from the energy balance (EB) of the power boiler (1) and the solid fuel supplied to the power boiler (1). the fuel value (SF) of the fuel (SF), 30 determines the calorific value (H02) of the solid fuel (SF) fed to the power boiler (1), the fire power (P02) of the solid fuel (SF) determined by the fuel consumption (02) of the boiler (1). ) and based on the amount of solid fuel (SF) fed into the power boiler (1), and »determine the calorific value of the solid fuel 35 (SF) fed to the power boiler (1) from the energy balance (EB) of the power boiler (1). (SF) based on the calorific value (Heb) and the calorific value (H02) of the solid fuel (SF) determined from the oxygen consumption (02) of the boiler (1). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solid fuel (SF) fired power (Peb) supplied to the power boiler (1) is determined from the energy balance (EB) of the power boiler (1) by determining the steam power (Pst) ) and determine the power (Pfbeb) of the boiler (1) on the basis of the steam-power (Pst) of the boiler (1) and the efficiency (η) of the boiler (1). Method according to Claim 5, characterized in that the effect of one or more fuels of known fuel power fed to the power boiler (1) on the firing power (Pfbeb) of the power boiler (1) is further modeled and offset by one or more combustion power units Effect of Known Fuel on the Power (Pfbeb) of the Power Boiler (1) · Method according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the calorific value (Heb) of the solid fuel (SF) fed into the power boiler (1) is determined by the amount of solid fuel (SF) fed into the power boiler (1) and fuel (SF) power (Peb): by: modeling the effect of solid fuel (SF) fed to the power boiler (1) on the steam power (Pst) of the power boiler (1) and ·: ·: 25 using this modeling to determine the power ·,: The calorific value (Heb) of the solid fuel (SF) supplied to the power boiler (1). * ·] Solid fuel (SF) firepower (Peb) · Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the firing power (P02) of the solid fuel (SF) supplied to the power boiler (1) is determined on the basis of the oxygen consumption (02) of the power boiler (1) * .. ·· ' that ·: · »* determine the oxygen consumption (02) of the boiler (1) on the basis of the flue gases ...,: (SG) oxygen content (02sg) and determine the fire power (Pfbo2) of the boiler (1) ha * * · · · *; 35 on the basis of the consumption (02). • · 114116 Method according to Claim 8, characterized in that the effect of one or more fuels of known combustion power fed to the power boiler (1) on the firing power (Pfbo2) 5 of the power boiler (1) is further modeled and based on said modeling effect of the known fuel on the power (Pfbo2) of the power boiler (1). Method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the fire power (Pfbo2) of the power boiler (1) is determined based on the oxygen consumption (02) of the power boiler (1) by determining the amount (Fsa) of total air (SA) supplied to the power boiler (1) Determine the oxygen content (02sg) of the flue gas (SG) 15 leaving the boiler (1). modeling the effect of the total amount of air (SA) supplied to the boiler (1) (Fsa) on the oxygen content (02sg) of the flue gas (SG) leaving the boiler (1) and determining the tu-20 lithium power (Pfbo2) of the boiler (1) · Method according to one of Claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the calorific value (H02) of the solid fuel (SF) fed to the power boiler (1) from the oxygen consumption (02) of the power boiler (1) to the power boiler (1) is determined. on the basis of the amount of solid fuel (SF) supplied (Msf) and the power output of the boiler, · 25 la (1) of the solid fuel (SF) supplied, thus,. ·: That. ·! modeling the effect of the amount of solid fuel (SF) supplied to the power boiler (1) on the fire power (Pfpo2) of the power boiler (1) and ... based on this modeling, the calorific value (H02) of the solid fuel (SF) fed to the boiler (1) is determined from the fire power (P02) of the solid fuel (SF) fed to the boiler (1) · ·: ··: A method according to any one of claims 5 to 11, characterized in that the fuel of known combustion power is oil, gas, molasses or abrasive dust. * · · * · '; 13. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solid fuel (SF) is coal, peat, biofuel 114116, municipal waste, sorted waste or a mixture of two or more of said solid fuels. 13 114116 Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the power boiler (1) is a fluid boiler. Apparatus for determining the amount of solid fuel (SF) fed to a power boiler (1), characterized in that the apparatus comprises means for determining the fire power (PEb) of solid fuel (SF) supplied to the power boiler (1) in the energy balance (EB). means for determining the fire power (P02) of solid fuel (SF) fed to the power boiler (1) based on oxygen consumption (02) of the boiler (1) and means for determining a large amount of combustion power of solid fuel (SF) fed to the power boiler (1) 15 based on the solid fuel (SF) firepower (Peb) determined from the energy (EB) and the solid fuel (SF) fired (P02) determined from the oxygen consumption (02) of the power boiler (1). Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the apparatus further comprises means for adjusting the amount of solid fuel (SF) supplied to the power boiler (1) to a large baseline representing the combustion power of said solid fuel (SF) fed to the power boiler (1). . Apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the quantity characterizing the solid fuel (SF) combustion power is the solid fuel (SF) combustion power, the solid fuel (SF) fire power (Psf) or the solid fuel (SF) calorific value (Hsf). Apparatus according to Claim 17, characterized in that "· * · *, for determining the calorific value (Hsf) of solid fuel (SF) fed to the power boiler (1), the apparatus comprises i. :: for determination of Msf, means for determining the calorific value (HEb) of solid fuel (SF) supplied to the power boiler (1), the firing power (PEb) of the solid fuel (SF) determined from the energy balance (EB) of the power boiler (1); based on the amount of solid fuel (SF) supplied (Msf), 114116 means for determining the calorific value (H02) of the solid fuel (SF) fed to the power boiler (1) based on the oxygen demand (02) of the solid fuel (SF) determined from P02) and on the basis of the amount of solid fuel (SF) fed into the power boiler (1) and 5 means for supplying solid fuel to the power boiler (1) to determine the calorific value of the fuel (SF) based on the solid fuel (SF) calorific value (Heb) determined from the energy balance (EB) of the power boiler (1) and the calorific value (H02) determined from the oxygen consumption (02) of the boiler (1). Apparatus according to one of Claims 15 to 18, characterized in that, for determining the firing power (PEb) of solid fuel (SF) supplied to the power boiler (1), the equipment comprises means for steam power (Pst) of the power boiler (1). and means for determining the power (Pfbeb) of the power boiler (1) based on the steam power (Pst) of the power boiler (1) and the efficiency (77) of the power boiler (1). 20. Apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the apparatus further comprises the effect of one or more fuels of known combustion power supplied to the model boiler (1) on the fire power (Pfbeb) of the boiler (1) and: basic; f: Effect of one or more fuels of known combustion power fed into the power boiler (1) on the fire power (Pfbeb) of the power boiler (1). •; · · 25 Apparatus according to claim 19 or 20. Known as. : that the equipment includes a process model to illustrate the effect of the amount of solid fuel (SF) (Msf) on the power boiler (1) on the power boiler (1), and that the equipment includes means for determining that process model 30 the calorific value of the solid fuel (SF) supplied to the power boiler (1) '; * (Heb) of the firepower (Peb) of solid fuel (SF) supplied to the power boiler (1). Apparatus according to any one of claims 15 to 21, characterized in that for determining the solid fuel (SF) input (P02) of the solid fuel (SF) supplied to the power boiler (1), the oxygen consumption (02) of the power boiler (1) is determined. based on # · »* · 35 apparatus 114116 means for determining oxygen consumption (02) of the boiler (1) based on oxygen content (02Sq) of the flue gases (SG) and means for determining the fire power (Pfbo2) of oxygen (1) based on oxygen consumption (02) of said boiler (1) . Apparatus according to claim 22, characterized in that the apparatus further comprises the effect of one or more fuels of known combustion power supplied to the power boiler (1) on the fire power (Pfbo2) of the power boiler (1) and Effect of one or more fuels of known combustion power on the fire power (Pfbo2) of the power boiler (1) · Apparatus according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the apparatus 15 comprises means for determining the total air (SA) supplied to the power boiler (1), means for determining the oxygen content (02Sg) of the flue gases (SG) leaving the power boiler (1). the effect of the total amount of air (SA) 20 supplied to the boiler (1) on the oxygen content (02Sg) of the flue gases (SG) leaving the boiler (1), and> ·: means for determining the fire power: (Pfbo2) of the boiler 1) based on oxygen consumption (02). An apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 22 to 24, ·: 25 n e 11 u that the equipment includes a process model for the power boiler (1) described in the • •. ···. the effect of the amount of solid fuel (SF) on the power (Pfpo2) of the boiler (1) and ... means for determining the calorific value (H02) of solid fuel (SF) supplied to the power boiler (1) based on said process model based on the fire power (P02) of the solid fuel (SF) supplied to the power boiler (1). Apparatus according to any one of claims 19 to 25, characterized in that the fuel of known combustion power is oil, gas, molasses or abrasive dust. * * * Apparatus according to any one of claims 15 to 26, characterized in that the solid fuel (SF) is coal, peat, biofuel, 114116 municipal waste, sorted waste or a mixture of two or more of said solid fuels. Apparatus according to one of Claims 15 to 27, characterized in that the power boiler (1) is a fluid boiler. • · • · • * t> · 1 * 1 114116