FI107543B - A method for making a copper tube - Google Patents

A method for making a copper tube Download PDF

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Publication number
FI107543B
FI107543B FI981683A FI981683A FI107543B FI 107543 B FI107543 B FI 107543B FI 981683 A FI981683 A FI 981683A FI 981683 A FI981683 A FI 981683A FI 107543 B FI107543 B FI 107543B
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Prior art keywords
tube
annealing
pipe
oxygen
hard
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FI981683A
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Finnish (fi)
Swedish (sv)
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FI981683A (en
FI981683A0 (en
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Seppo Vaelimaeki
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Outokumpu Oy
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Publication of FI981683A0 publication Critical patent/FI981683A0/en
Priority to FI981683A priority Critical patent/FI107543B/en
Priority to AT99114365T priority patent/ATE245208T1/en
Priority to DK99114365T priority patent/DK0976845T3/en
Priority to EP99114365A priority patent/EP0976845B1/en
Priority to DE69909565T priority patent/DE69909565T2/en
Priority to PT99114365T priority patent/PT976845E/en
Priority to ES99114365T priority patent/ES2202969T3/en
Priority to PL99334652A priority patent/PL189820B1/en
Priority to NO19993683A priority patent/NO312619B1/en
Publication of FI981683A publication Critical patent/FI981683A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FI107543B publication Critical patent/FI107543B/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/08Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/02Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Invention focuses on a method for producing copper tube and particularly for hard-drawn temper sanitary tube. According to the method developed, the extruded tube shell is cold formed until almost its final size, after which the tube undergoes inline annealing in oxidizing conditions in order to adjust the tube to its final size in the cold forming step with finally sand blasting to the inner surface of the tube. Through this method, the use of organic solvents is avoided and at the same time a tube with excellent corrosion resistance is achieved.

Description

s.p.

107543107543

MENETELMÄ KUPARIPUTKEN VALMISTAMISEKSIMETHOD FOR MAKING A COPPER PIPE

Tämä keksintö kohdistuu menetelmään kupariputken ja erityisesti kovassa tilassa olevan saniteettiputken valmistamiseksi. Kehitetyn menetelmän 5 mukaisesti pursotettu putkiaihio kylmämuokataan lähes loppumittaan, jonka jälkeen putkelle suoritetaan läpivetohehkutus hapettavissa olosuhteissa, kylmämuokkausvaihe putken saattamiseksi loppumittaan ja viimeiseksi putken sisäpinnan puhdistus hiekkapuhalluksella. Menetelmän avulla vältetään orgaanisen liuottimen käyttö ja samalla saadaan aikaan hyvin 10 korroosiota kestävä putki.The present invention relates to a process for the production of a copper pipe, and in particular a hardened sanitary pipe. According to the developed method 5, the extruded tube blank is cold-formed to near final length, after which the tube is subjected to permeation annealing under oxidizing conditions, the cold-forming step to finalize the tube and finally the inner surface of the tube is blast-cleaned. The process avoids the use of an organic solvent while providing a highly corrosion resistant tube.

Perinteinen kovien putkien käsittelymenetelmä on muodostunut pursotuksen jälkeisistä kymämuokkausvaiheista kuten kelavedot, oikaisu ja katkaisu, sekä näitä seuraavasta rasvanpoistovaiheesta, jolloin putkien sisäpinnoilta 15 on poistettu vetorasvat. Vetorasvajäämät poistetaan, jotta ne eivät putkien asennusvaiheessa muodosta hiilivetykerrostumia, jotka puolestaan edistävät pistekorroosion syntymistä. Käytännössä rasvanpoistovaihe on tarkoittanut putkien upottamista orgaaniseen liuottimeen kuten trikloorietyleeniin.The conventional hard tube treatment method consists of post-extrusion die-forming steps such as coil tapping, straightening and cutting, followed by a degreasing step, whereby the inner surfaces 15 of the tubes are de-greased. Tensile fat residues are removed so that they do not form hydrocarbon deposits during pipe-laying, which in turn promote pitting corrosion. In practice, the degreasing step involves immersing the tubes in an organic solvent such as trichlorethylene.

20 Orgaanisilla liuottimilla tapahtuvaan putkien pesuun kohdistuu yhä - . enemmän rajoituksia ja määräyksiä, sillä esimerkiksi trikloorietyleeniä ei pidetä ympäristöystävällisenä aineena. Pesu muilla liuottimilla ei puolestaan aina anna tyydyttävää tulosta.20 Pipe washing with organic solvents is still subject to:. more restrictions and regulations, as, for example, trichlorethylene is not considered to be environmentally friendly. Washing with other solvents, on the other hand, does not always give satisfactory results.

25 EP hakemuksesta 306 810 tunnetaan kovien saniteettiputkien käsittelymenetelmä, jossa putkiaihiosta valmistetaan putki normaalien kylmämuok-• kausvaiheiden avulla ja tämän jälkeen putkelle suoritetaan rasvan poistovaihe, jolloin ensin tehdään pesu upottamalla putket orgaaniseen liuottimeen ja tämän jälkeen putkien hiekkapuhallus.From EP application 306 810, a method for treating hard sanitary tubes is known in which the tube is made from a tube by means of normal cold forming steps, followed by a degreasing step, first by immersing the tubes in an organic solvent followed by sandblasting the tubes.

30 2 107543 EP patenttijulkaisussa 281 641 on kuvattu kovien tai puolikovien putkien käsittelymenetelmä, jossa putket muokataan kylmävetona loppumittaansa, jonka jälkeen niille suoritetaan läpivetohehkutus happirikastetussa atmosfäärissä. Hehkutuksen yhteydessä vetorasvarippeet palavat ja 5 hehkutuksen jälkeen putket hiekkapuhalletaan.EP 2 285 641 discloses a process for treating hard or semi-hard tubes, in which the tubes are cold-drawn to their final length, after which they are subjected to permeation annealing in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere. During annealing, the torsion lips burn and after 5 annealing the tubes are sandblasted.

EP hakemuksessa 647 723 on kuvattu puolikovien tai kovien putkien valmistusmenetelmä, jonka tarkoituksena on, että putkesta pääsee irtoamaan mahdollisimman pieni määrä kupari-ioneja esimerkiksi normaaliin 10 juomaveteen. Menetelmän mukaisesti putkiaihio kylmämuokataan välimittaansa, jonka jälken putken sisäpinta karhennetaan. Karhennus voidaan tehdä joko hiekkapuhaltamalla tai syövyttämällä (Beizen). Tämän jälkeen putki johdetaan hehkutuskäsittelyyn 350 - 650 °C:n lämpötilaan, jolloin putken sisälle johdetaan suojakaasun ja hapen seosta (1 - 7% 02), 15 jotta putken sisäpinnalle muodostuisi suojaava oksidikalvo. Seuraavaksi putkelle suoritetaan kovaveto määrämittaan, jolloin muokkausaste on noin 20%. Tarvittaessa voidaan putkelle tehdä kovavedon jälkeen rasvanpoisto. Viimeisen vedon jälkeen suoritetaan vielä putken terminen käsittely lämpötilassa 175 - 275 °C happitoisen kaasun (vähintään 20% 02) 20 läsnäollessa. Käsittelyn tuloksena putken sisäpinnalle muodostuu nopeasti : malakiittikerros, joka on hyvin stabiili, ja kupari-ionien liukeneminen juomaveteen estyy.EP-A-647 723 describes a process for making semi-hard or hard tubes, the purpose of which is to release as little copper ions as possible into, for example, normal drinking water. According to the method, the pipe blank is cold-formed to its intermediate diameter, after which the inner surface of the pipe is roughened. The roughening can be done either by sandblasting or by etching (Beizen). The tube is then subjected to annealing at a temperature of 350-650 ° C, whereby a mixture of shielding gas and oxygen (1-7% O2) is introduced into the tube to form a protective oxide film on the inner surface of the tube. Next, the tube is subjected to hard drawing to a certain extent, with a degree of deformation of about 20%. If necessary, the tube can be degreased after hard drawing. After the final draw, the tube is further subjected to a thermal treatment at 175-275 ° C in the presence of an oxygen gas (at least 20% O 2). As a result of the treatment, the inner surface of the tube is rapidly formed: a very stable malacite layer and the dissolution of copper ions in drinking water is prevented.

Nyt kehitetyn menetelmän mukaisesti valmistetaan yksinkertaisella tavalla 25 kovia kupariputkia, jotka soveltuvat saniteettikäyttöön. Pursotettu putkiaihio vedetään normaalilla kylmämuokkaustekniikalla lähes loppumittaan. Tämän jälkeen putkikieppiin johdetaan happea tai hapella rikastettua kaasua ja putki kuumennetaan läpivetohehkutuksella lyhytaikaisesti lämpötilassa 450 -650 °C, edullisesti 500 - 600 °C. Tällöin putken sisäpinnan voiteluainejäämät 30 palavat pois. Kuumennuksen jälkeen putkelle suoritetaan vielä viimeinen, noin 5 - 20% muokkaustyövaihe. Tämän jälkeen putki katkaistaan 3 107543 määrämittaan ja putken sisäpinta hiekkapuhalletaan. Keksinnön olennaiset tunnusmerkit käyvät esille oheisista vaatimuksista.According to the method now developed, 25 rigid copper tubes suitable for sanitary purposes are manufactured in a simple manner. The extruded tube blank is drawn to the final length using standard cold forming techniques. Thereafter, oxygen or oxygen-enriched gas is introduced into the tube coils and the tube is heated by passing through heat for a short time at 450 to 650 ° C, preferably 500 to 600 ° C. In this case, the lubricant residues 30 on the inner surface of the tube are burnt out. After heating, the tube is subjected to a final step of about 5% to 20%. The pipe is then cut to 3 107543 and the inner surface of the pipe sandblasted. The essential features of the invention will be apparent from the appended claims.

Vaikka nyt kehitetyn menetelmän mukaisesti kovalle putkelle suoritetaankin 5 hehkutuskäsittely, menetelmälle on olennaista, että putken veto hehkutusuunin läpi tapahtuu sellaisella nopeudella, 100 - 200 m/min, edullisesti 120 - 160 m/min, että rakenteen rekristallisoitumista ja pehmenemistä ei ehdi tapahtua. Hehkutuksen aikana putken sisällä on happea tai happirikastettua kaasua, jonka happirikastus on vähintään 20% 10 ja edullisesti ainakin 50%. Mikrorakenteessa on merkkejä alkavasta rekristallisaatiosta, mutta hehkutuksen jälkeen tapahtuvan kalibrointivedon aikana putki muokkaantuu siten, että sen arvot ovat täysin kovan putken alueella. Hehkutuksen jälkeisen vedon etuna on myös, että siinä putki muokataan tarkasti sille asetettuihin toleransseihin.Although the annealed treatment is carried out on the hard tube according to the method developed herein, it is essential for the tube to be drawn through the annealing furnace at a speed of 100-200 m / min, preferably 120-160 m / min, so that recrystallization and softening of the structure does not occur. During annealing, oxygen or oxygen-enriched gas with an oxygen concentration of at least 20% 10 and preferably at least 50% is present inside the tube. The microstructure shows signs of starting recrystallization, but during the calibration pull after annealing, the tube is modified so that its values lie entirely within the hard tube. The draw after annealing also has the advantage that it precisely adapts the tube to the tolerances set for it.

1515

Perinteisesti kovien putkien sisäpinnan puhdistus suoritetaan pesemällä ne orgaanisella liuottimena, mutta kuten edellä tekniikan tasossakin on todettu, orgaanisista liuottimista alkaa tulla ympäristöhaitta. Hiekkapuhallus on todettu hyvin tehokkaaksi poistamaan vetorasvajäämiä ja siten estämään 20 hiilikalvojen muodostumista ja kylmän veden pistekorroosiota. Nyt kehitetty • menetelmä siis korvaa menetelmän, jossa on käytetty orgaanista liuotinta putkien sisäpinnan puhdistuksessa.Traditionally, the cleaning of the inner surface of hard tubes is accomplished by washing them with an organic solvent, but as stated above in the prior art, organic solvents are beginning to become an environmental hazard. Sandblasting has been found to be very effective in removing traction grease residues and thus preventing carbon film formation and cold water pitting corrosion. Thus, the newly developed method replaces the method using an organic solvent for cleaning the inner surface of the pipes.

Liuotinpesun yhteydessä on nykyisin tullut myös toinen ongelma: 25 saniteettiputkilie tarkoitettu standardi EN 1057 vaatii, että lämpöputkessa a . on normaalin stanssileiman lisäksi myös värileima, ja on osoittautunut, että värileima ei kestä pesua orgaanisella aineella. Värileiman teko erikseen pesun jälkeen muodostaa uuden ja siten kalliin työvaiheen lisää. Kun putken sisäpinnan puhdistusmenetelmänä on hiekkapuhallus, ei värileiman teko 30 vaadi erillistä työvaihetta.Nowadays there is another problem with solvent washing: the standard EN 1057 for sanitary pipe 25 requires that in the heat pipe a. is not only a standard stamp but also a color stamp and it has been shown that the color stamp is not resistant to organic washing. Applying a color stamp separately after washing creates a new and thus more expensive work step. When sandblasting is used as the method for cleaning the inner surface of the tube, the color stamping process does not require a separate work step.

4 1075434, 107543

Keksintöä kuvataan vielä oheisen esimerkin avulla:The invention will be further described by the following example:

EsimerkkiExample

Kupariputki valmistettiin normaalisti pudottamalla ja vetämällä vetokelojen 5 avulla, mutta viimeinen veto kelalla jätettiin loppumittaa suurempaan mittaan. Putkikieppi täytettiin happipitoisella kaasulla ja kuumennettiin lyhytaikaisesti lämpötiloissa 500 - 650 °C. Ohessa taulukon muodossa tulokset putken ominaisuuksista viimeisen vedon jälkeen (putken koko 15 x 1 mm) sekä vertailuna standardin 1057 koville putkille asettamat 10 vaatimukset. Standardin mukainen taivutus tarkoittaa sitä, että taivutuskoe tehdään standardin EN 10232 mukaisissa olosuhteissa eikä putkessa saa tällöin esiintyä paljain silmin havaittavia kuroumajälkiä. Kokeiden tuloksissa mainittu 1. luokka tarkoittaa sitä, että putki täyttää korkeatasoisesti standardin vaatimukset.The copper tube was normally made by dropping and pulling on the coils 5, but the last draw on the coil was left over the final length. The tube coil was filled with oxygen gas and heated briefly at 500-650 ° C. The table below gives the results for the properties of the tube after the last draw (tube size 15 x 1 mm) as well as the 10 standard requirements for hard tubes as a comparison. Standard bending means that the bending test is carried out under the conditions specified in EN 10232 and that no visible signs of curvature are present in the tube. The Category 1 mentioned in the test results means that the pipe meets the requirements of the standard to a high standard.

1515

TaulukkoTable

Hehkutus Kovuus Murtolu- Sisäpinnan HNOj-koe Taivutus lt. juus C-pit ____HV__N/mm2__mg/dm2___ stand, muk.Annealing Hardness Fracture- Inner Surface HNOj Test Bending lt. juus C-pit ____ HV__N / mm2__mg / dm2 ___ stand, muk.

EN 1057____min, 290 max, 0,2 ei kalvoja taiv._EN 1057____min, 290 max, 0.2 no film or film

Koe 1__500__Hl__438__0,06 -__1. luokkaTest 1__500__Hl__438__0.06 -__ 1. class

Koe 2__600__121__438__0^ __1. luokkaKoe 2__600__121__438__0 ^ __1. class

Koe 3 650 I 121 424 0,06 - 1. luokkaExperiment 3,650 I 121,424 0.06 - 1st Grade

Claims (8)

1. Förfarande för framställning av härda kopparrör för sanitärt bruk, varvid S röret framställs genom sprutning och kallbearbetning, kännetecknat av att vid den sista kalldragningen pä en haspel röret lämnas i en dimension större än den slutliga dimensionen, varefter syrehaltig gas leds in i röret och röret utsätts för kortvarig genomdragsglödgning vid en temperatur av 450 - 650 °C, röret utsätts för 5-20 %-ig bearbetning och rörets inneryta 10 sandbiästras.A method for producing cured copper tubes for sanitary use, wherein the S tube is produced by spraying and cold working, characterized in that at the last cold drawing of a reel the tube is left in a dimension larger than the final dimension, whereupon oxygen-containing gas is fed into the tube and the tube is subjected to short-term permeation annealing at a temperature of 450 - 650 ° C, the tube is subjected to 5-20% machining and the inner surface of the tube 10 is sandblasted. 2. Förfarande enligt patentkrav 1, kännetecknat av att genomdrags-glödgningen av röret utförs med en hastighet av 100 - 200 m/min. 15Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the throughput annealing of the pipe is carried out at a speed of 100 - 200 m / min. 15 3. Förfarande enligt patentkrav 1, kännetecknat av att genomdrags- glödgningen av röret utförs med en hastighet av 100 -160 m/min.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the throughput annealing of the pipe is carried out at a speed of 100-160 m / min. 4. Förfarande enligt patentkrav 1, kännetecknat av att genomdrags-glödgningen av röret utförs vid en temperatur av 500 - 600 °C. 204. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the permeation annealing of the pipe is carried out at a temperature of 500 - 600 ° C. 20 5. Förfarande enligt patentkrav 1, kännetecknat av att röret innehäller syre . under glödgningen.Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the tube contains oxygen. during annealing. 6. Förfarande enligt patentkrav 1, kännetecknat av att under glödgningen 25 röret innehäller gas med en syreanrikningsgrad av ätminstone 50 %.6. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that during annealing the pipe contains gas having an oxygen enrichment of at least 50%. 7. Förfarande enligt patentkrav 1, kännetecknat av att under glödgningen • „ röret innehäller gas med en syreanrikningsgrad av ätminstone 20 %. 30Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that during the annealing, the pipe contains gas having an oxygen enrichment of at least 20%. 30 8. Förfarande enligt patentkrav 1, kännetecknat av att den sista bearbetningen av röret är häldragning. . j ·Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the last machining of the pipe is pouring. . j ·
FI981683A 1998-07-30 1998-07-30 A method for making a copper tube FI107543B (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI981683A FI107543B (en) 1998-07-30 1998-07-30 A method for making a copper tube
DE69909565T DE69909565T2 (en) 1998-07-30 1999-07-21 Process for the production of copper pipes
DK99114365T DK0976845T3 (en) 1998-07-30 1999-07-21 Method of producing copper tubes
EP99114365A EP0976845B1 (en) 1998-07-30 1999-07-21 Method for producing copper tubes
AT99114365T ATE245208T1 (en) 1998-07-30 1999-07-21 METHOD FOR PRODUCING COPPER PIPES
PT99114365T PT976845E (en) 1998-07-30 1999-07-21 PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COPPER PIPES
ES99114365T ES2202969T3 (en) 1998-07-30 1999-07-21 PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING COPPER PIPES.
PL99334652A PL189820B1 (en) 1998-07-30 1999-07-28 Method of making copper tubes
NO19993683A NO312619B1 (en) 1998-07-30 1999-07-29 Process for producing copper tubes

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI981683A FI107543B (en) 1998-07-30 1998-07-30 A method for making a copper tube
FI981683 1998-07-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
FI981683A0 FI981683A0 (en) 1998-07-30
FI981683A FI981683A (en) 2000-01-31
FI107543B true FI107543B (en) 2001-08-31

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ID=8552250

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FI981683A FI107543B (en) 1998-07-30 1998-07-30 A method for making a copper tube

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EP (1) EP0976845B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE245208T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69909565T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0976845T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2202969T3 (en)
FI (1) FI107543B (en)
NO (1) NO312619B1 (en)
PL (1) PL189820B1 (en)
PT (1) PT976845E (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI20001467A (en) * 2000-06-20 2001-12-21 Outokumpu Oy Process for making internally coated copper or copper alloy tubes
FI120359B (en) * 2002-12-18 2009-09-30 Cupori Group Oy Method and apparatus for treating an inner surface of a copper or copper alloy tube
CN101492798B (en) * 2009-03-13 2010-12-29 无锡隆达金属材料有限公司 Pickling free producing process for copper alloy tube
CN110605304A (en) * 2019-09-18 2019-12-24 上海海亮铜业有限公司 Production process of aluminum brass thin-wall pipe
CN111979390A (en) * 2020-07-02 2020-11-24 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 Method for removing residual carbon on inner surface of small-caliber seawater copper-nickel pipe

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LU67959A1 (en) * 1973-07-06 1975-04-11
LU81564A1 (en) * 1979-07-31 1981-03-24 Liege Usines Cuivre Zinc METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING TUBES, TUBES OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS AND THEIR USE IN CONDENSERS AND HEAT EXCHANGERS
DE3003228C2 (en) * 1980-01-30 1981-11-26 Wieland-Werke Ag, 7900 Ulm Process for improving the corrosion resistance of installation pipes made of copper
DE3018036A1 (en) * 1980-05-10 1981-11-12 Kabel- und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshütte AG, 3000 Hannover METHOD OF TREATING COPPER PIPES
US4351678A (en) * 1980-08-06 1982-09-28 Usines A Cuivre Et A Zinc De Liege Method of making corrosion resistant phosphorous copper or phosphorous copper alloy pipes
ATE45993T1 (en) 1987-03-07 1989-09-15 Wieland Werke Ag METHOD OF IMPROVING THE CORROSION RESISTANCE OF HARD SEMI-HARD COPPER INSTALLATION TUBES.
DE3730367C2 (en) 1987-09-10 1997-10-09 Km Europa Metal Ag Process for the production of pitting-resistant hard drawn tubes made of copper or copper alloys
EP0335999A1 (en) * 1988-04-08 1989-10-11 Wieland-Werke AG Method of cleaning metal tubes, in particular cupper-tubes
DE3827353A1 (en) * 1988-08-12 1990-02-22 Kabelmetal Ag INTERNAL OXIDIZED TUBES
DE4334536A1 (en) * 1993-10-09 1995-04-13 Kabelmetal Ag Process for the production of seamless drawn semi-hard / hard installation pipes

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NO312619B1 (en) 2002-06-10
PL334652A1 (en) 2000-01-31
PL189820B1 (en) 2005-09-30
EP0976845A1 (en) 2000-02-02
FI981683A (en) 2000-01-31
NO993683L (en) 2000-01-31
ES2202969T3 (en) 2004-04-01
DE69909565T2 (en) 2004-01-29
FI981683A0 (en) 1998-07-30
PT976845E (en) 2003-10-31
ATE245208T1 (en) 2003-08-15
DE69909565D1 (en) 2003-08-21
DK0976845T3 (en) 2003-10-27
NO993683D0 (en) 1999-07-29
EP0976845B1 (en) 2003-07-16

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