FI102469B - Adjustable transport pallet - Google Patents

Description

102469 Adjustable transport pallet

The invention relates to a piece goods transport pallet comprising a substantially rectangular and flat fixed dimensional base on which the piece goods to be transported are placed and having fastening means for locking this piece goods to the pallet during transport, and extensions rigidly attached to the pallet outside the base. if necessary. The invention also relates to the use of such a transport pallet for transporting cars and other wheeled vehicles.

As such, transport pallets have long been used in various constructions. The basic structure of the transport pallet is described in US-26164. Since obtaining good strength for the transport pallet and at the same time reducing its thickness increases the transport capacity, numerous different shapes have been proposed for the structure of the transport pallet. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,709,161 describes a honeycomb transport pallet. GB-2 182 703 and US-4 801 483 describe other types of plate structures, such as sandwich plates, which would be suitable, inter alia, for use in the manufacture of pallets, although these publications do not actually target pallets. In addition to this, the pallets have fastening members for the load to be placed on top of the pallet

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: ·: · For attachment to a pallet. Such fastening members are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,622 :: 114 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,834,000. The latter also further describes a pallet structure with rollers at one end, which can be pulled by tilting the pallet. while the pallet is moving on the rotating rollers at the end. These known pallets have the particular disadvantage that the pallet is always of a fixed length, making it completely impossible to transport products whose dimensions somewhat exceed the length or width of the pallet. This is because the transport:. During storage and storage, the pallets are always placed together to prevent them from moving, so that placing an oversized product on the pallet would prevent this, • t · *. 30 in addition, if the load is nevertheless made, they will be subject to transport • •. : * ·· forces directly on the piece goods being transported, which is very likely to cause damage either during transport or stowage or other movements - ·· *.

• · *: 35 U.S. Pat. No. 5,092,541 describes a transport pallet comprising a substantially straight angular and flat fixed base, like all other pallets. In addition, this pallet includes normal fastening means for fastening the piece goods to be placed on it. Unlike other known transport pallets, the pallet structure of this disclosure typically includes two extensions that are attached to opposite edges of the pallet and increase the pallet loading area. The extensions of this reference publication are in the shape of an inverted L-beam with a cross-section, one branch of which is inserted into the mounting holes at the edge of the pallet, whereby the other branch of the L-shape protrudes outwards from the pallet. These extensions are locked in place by tie rods or tie ropes extending from the upper L-shaped leg to the mounting holes on the other sides of the pallet. In particular, the aim of this structure has been to increase the loading efficiency in an aircraft with a round body in a cross-section, so that the loading surface divided into two different heights fits particularly well inside the lower parts of the aircraft when the extensions are transverse to the length of the aircraft. With a view to other uses, this structure has serious drawbacks. First, it is precisely the fact that the loading surface is divided into two different heights by extensions that prevents the loading of many types of piece goods, which would require that the entire loading surface is always in the same plane. For example, under no circumstances could 15 cars be loaded on an extended transport pallet with a structure according to this reference. The locking of the extensions to the pallet base in the reference publication arrangement is such that the pallets must necessarily be loaded together with the sides facing each other without extensions. This is because the extensions give up if they are pushed from their protruding arms to the center of the pallet 20 from the outside, which would cause damage to the loaded goods. Third::: the disadvantage is that the extensions are loose pieces, so they should be • .:: in every place where the load is placed on the pallet, or they should be able to be left · in such places, because not all loads require such extensions . This causes considerable organizational difficulties and additional costs. The fourth downside: 25 Lena is that the extensions are standard in size, so the only options are extensions / · '; partial pallet or fixed pallet with extensions, no intermediate shapes are possible.

t · f * · * · · '11. * The primary object of the invention is thus to provide a piece goods transport *. 30 a pallet containing extensions with which the loading area of the pallet can be • · • * ·· increased, if necessary, by keeping the loading area at least approximately and substantially in one plane. Another object of the invention is such extensions with which the pallet: loading area can be stepped up and down steplessly and which extensions. . in particular, they can withstand all forces during loading, stowage, transfer and transport. Thus, the object is to provide transport pallets that can be placed together with any edges against each other, such as an extension against the extension. Yet another object of the invention is to provide such a transport pallet in which the extensions form an integral part of the pallet structure in such a way that they always accompany the pallet and can thus be activated and deactivated anywhere without storing any accessories and the costs involved. It is a further object of the invention to provide such a transport pallet which is particularly well suited for transporting cars or other wheeled vehicles or the like, such that the pieces are always inside a rectangular triangle formed by the contours of the transport pallet and preferably just inside that edge. the loading area withstands, without deformation, as already described above, all possible loads on it. In addition, the intended transport pallet 10 must be reasonably priced and it must be easy to change the loading area.

The disadvantages described above can be eliminated and the objects defined above are achieved by a transport pallet according to the invention, which is characterized by what is defined in the characterizing part of claim 1. The use of the transport pallet according to the invention, on the other hand, is characterized by what is defined in the characterizing part of claim 15.

The main advantages of the invention are that in the transport pallet according to it. The loading surface 20 is always substantially in the same plane, so that any type of load::: can always be placed on it. With the transport pallet according to the invention, it is possible to: load the load very space-savingly, because the transport pallet i: according to the invention is adjustable and preferably steplessly adjustable in at least one direction. The transport pallet according to the invention also has the advantage that it withstands all possible forces in different directions, whereby the pallets can be loaded in any position or can be handled in any position without any force being applied to the load on the pallet. . According to the invention; . by appropriate sizing of the jetus pallet and shaping it with an internal structure • | / piva ends up with pallets of different thickness and different strength structures, • ti *. 30 which are suitable for a wide variety of applications in which the distance between the pallet-supporting points as well as the magnitude of the load can vary considerably.

r n «*» • · j ·, \ The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. . club.

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Figure 1 shows axonometrically a preferred embodiment of a transport pallet according to the invention. '102469 4

Fig. 2A shows a car placed on the transport pallet of Fig. 1 as a piece to be transported from the side in the same direction as direction III of Figs. 3B, 7B and 8B.

Fig. 2B shows a carriage transported as a piece of goods placed on a transport pallet representative of the second embodiment from the side in the same direction as in Fig. 2A.

Fig. 3A shows a third embodiment 10 of a transport pallet according to the invention in a side section along the plane II-II of Fig. 3B.

Fig. 3B shows the transport pallet of Fig. 3A from above in direction I.

Fig. 4 shows a detail of the locking of the extension of the transport pallet in a section along the plane V-V of Fig. 3B.

Figure 5 shows a fourth embodiment of a transport pallet of the invention from the side in the same direction as in Figures 2A, 2B and 3A.

Fig. 6A shows a detail of the structure of Fig. 5 in cross section along its plane IV-IV.

:. , Fig. 6B shows a second embodiment of the above-mentioned detail in the same! in the view than Figure 6A.

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Fig. 7A shows a fifth embodiment of a transport pallet according to the invention from the side in the direction III of Fig. 7B.

Fig. 7B shows the structure of Fig. 7A from above in the direction I.

·! 30 • · ·. ···. Fig. 8A shows a sixth embodiment of a transport pallet according to the invention from the side UI of Fig. 8B.

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Fig. 8B shows the transport pallet of Fig. 8A from above in direction I.

Fig. 9 shows a seventh embodiment of a transport pallet according to the invention in the same view as in Figs. 2A, 2B, 3A, 5, 7A and 8A.

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Figure 10 shows a top view of an eighth embodiment of a transport pallet according to the invention in the same view as in Figures 3B, 7B and 8B.

Fig. 11 shows a ninth embodiment 5 of a transport pallet according to the invention in the same view as in Fig. 10.

The figures show a piece goods transport pallet 1, which first comprises a rectangular and flat fixed dimensional base 2. The thickness T1 of this base is considerably small compared to, for example, the length L2 of the base in the longitudinal direction LL of the entire transport pallet 10. In Figs. 2A and 2B, the length of the base 2 is in a way denoted by reference A1, which actually describes the loading area of the base 2, one component of which is its length L2. In addition, the transport pallet 1 according to the invention comprises extension parts 3, with which the loading area of the transport pallet is increased. At least the base 2 has fastening means 5 for securing the piece goods K-15 placed on the transport pallet 1 to the pallet 1 during transport. These fastening members 5 can be of any type suitable for the purpose known per se, so they will not be described in detail here. If necessary, fastening members may also be present in the extensions 3,

According to the invention, the extension parts 3 consist essentially of planar components 10-17, the thickness T2 of which in the direction perpendicular to the loading surface 4 of the base is at most slightly greater but preferably substantially the same or. ·. less than the thickness T1 of the substrate 2 in this same direction as in the figures; ‘·’ Visible. These extensions can be moved onto or inside the base 2 or •. ; on the surface in a manner to be described later and movable outwards to increase the loading area of the transport pallet, if necessary. In their most preferred embodiments, the extensions 3 are steplessly displaceable, whereby the fixed loading area AI delimited by the base 2 can be infinitely increased, whereby the loading area AI + A2 delimited by the base 2 and the extensions 3 is in each case: : adjustable as desired. In addition, in the substrate according to the invention, the extensions 3 are permanent components of the transport pallet 1 and their load-bearing surface 6 or 7 is located between the planes 8 and 9 defining the upper and lower surfaces of the transport pallet. the parts 3 are then in their extended position, in which case they increase the loading area of the base, or in the retracted position, in which the loading area is at a minimum. According to the invention, the distance between the upper surface 8 and the lower surface 9 of the transport pallet is at most T1 + T2, which, as described above, is generally

up to slightly greater than 2 * T1 (e.g., the embodiment of Figures 7A-7B), but in preferred embodiments substantially less than 2 * T1 (e.g., the embodiment of Figures 8A-8B) or nearly T1 (e.g., the embodiment of Figures 5 and 6A-6B)

6 102469 embodiment). In the best embodiments, the distance between the upper surface 8 and the lower surface 9 is the same as the thickness T1 of the base and the same as the thickness T2 of the extension (for example, Figs. 1, 2A-2B, 3A-3B and 9-11). In this connection, it is noted that the total loading area AI + A2 of course varies depending on the position of the extensions in the position-5, although the loading area AI of the base 2 is constant and depends on the particular construction. The increase in the loading area A2 formed by the extension consists both of the area of the extension itself and of the pull-out D1 between the extension 3 and the base 2. In Fig. 1, the areas A1 and A2 are indicated by broken lines, and in Figs. 3B and 10 and 11, portions of the contour of the loading area A2 10 formed by the extension are marked with a dashed line to clarify the matter.

Figures 1 and 2A illustrate one of the simplest transport pallets according to the invention. Here, the transport pallet thus comprises, as an extension 3, a rectangular base 2 and, at one edge thereof, i.e. at the first edge 20, a transverse part 10 parallel to and approximately the length of this edge, the loading surface of which is approximately at the level of the base loading surface 4. This transverse part 10 has bending rigid and preferably fixed rails 25 and channels extending from this first edge 20 of the base towards its central parts parallel to the loading surface 4, into which the above-mentioned rails 25 protrude and in which they can slide. Thus, the transverse part 10 can be inserted inwards in the direction D2 until the transverse part 10 engages the base 2, whereby the loading area A1 + A2 is at a minimum. The loading surfaces 4 and 6 of the base and the transverse part, respectively, are substantially in the same plane, as can be clearly seen in Fig. 2A. When the transverse part 10 is moved outwards as far as the rails 25 allow, the loading area A1 + A2 is at its maximum.

The areas A1 and A2 describing the loading area and its parts can be seen in both Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. In this case, the loading area AI + A2 can be infinitely adjusted according to the displacement of the transverse part 10. In this case, the transverse part 10 forming the extension part 3 is locked in each case in the desired position by a locking member 36, the structure of which will be described later.

: · *. 30 • ·, ···. Fig. 2A shows the use of the transport pallet according to Fig. 1 for transporting a car, which in this case has to be transported piece goods K. In this case: * 'the front and rear pairs of wheels of the car K are placed on the base 2 so that: *: the front overhang 3 8 leaves the front end of the car from a vertical 35 plane drawn from the edge 23 of the chassis to the chassis side and thus inside the loading area A1 + A2, and the rear overhang 37 of the car is provided by pulling the transverse part 10 so far back in direction D1 The drawn vertical plane 43 leaves the car at the rear of the transport pallet inside the loading area AI + A2. In such a mode of operation, the transverse part can be quite short in the longitudinal direction LL of the transport pallet, as in the figure. In this case, if the rails 25 are substantially the length L2 of the base 2, the entire length LL of the transport pallet can be changed in a ratio of 1: 2. However, the partially empty space left by the rails between the chassis and the transverse part can make the use of this structure difficult in some cases.

Figures 2B, 3A and 3B show a slightly modified solution. It has a transverse part 11 as an extension 3, the length L3 of which in the longitudinal direction LL of the pallet is substantially longer than in the previous case. In this case, for example, the front wheel pair of the car 10 can be placed on the base, as shown in Fig. 2B, and the rear pair of wheels on this pulled out transverse part D1 11. In this case too the loading surface 4 of the base and the loading surface 6 of the cross section 11 are at the same level. This transverse part Ilja of the base 2 is connected in the same way by rails 25 sliding in the counter-opposing channels 26 of the base, whereby moving the transverse part 11 outwards in the direction D1 increases the area AI + A2. The length L3 of the transverse part 10 or 11 can be increased even more than shown in the figures, for example, until the length L2 of the base and the length L3 of the transverse part are equal. Further increase of the length of the transverse part above this in principle, 20 reverses the meaning of the extension of the words and the beginning, if the substrate is always considered to be greater than these. If the length L3 of the transverse part is considerably large and the rails are fixed therein, the length L2 of the base determines the possible magnitude of the displacement D1. . den. If the mating channels 26 are traced both to the base 2 and to the transverse part 10 or: base that is transverse to the rails, it is also possible to change it in this dimensioning option. . by pulling out the loading area in a ratio of 1: 2. It is clear that in the embodiments of Figs. in the perpendicular direction is good and the weight is small. Also other types, •, ·· *. small guide structures, such as telescopic structures, can be used. With these members, the extension of the extension is easily made, but the stiffness is difficult

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• “get good enough.

The extensions 3 of the transport pallet 1 according to the invention can be traced not only as described above to one edge 20 of the base 2 but also preferably to two opposite edges 20 and 23, whereby these extensions can be identical or different from each other. Fig. 2B shows one such embodiment, in which the first edge 20 of the base 2 is followed by a larger transverse part 11 of the length L3 of the type shipped above, and a smaller transverse part 10 of the type L3 described above is arranged in the opposite second edge 23. as well as the transport pallet of Figs. 3A and 3B, the protective protrusions 5 44, the total length LL delimited by the base 2, the extensions 3 and the protective protrusions 44 together forming the loading area A2 + A1 + A2 as a whole. These protective projections 44 are in this case located on the edge 43 of the transverse part 11 facing away from the base 2. In this case, these protective projections 44 can be pivoted in the directions D3 parallel to or perpendicular to the edge 43, as shown by the broken line in Fig. 3B. The solid line shows the intermediate position of the protrusion. These protective projections do not normally carry forces perpendicular to the loading planes 4 and 6, as in at least some embodiments and applications the extensions 10-17, the straps only serve to receive forces along the loading planes 1, 6 of the transport pallet 1 during transport and other transfers. As can be seen in Figure 3B, the position of the protective projections 44 can be adjusted as required in each case. It will be appreciated that the protective projections 44 may be of a type other than that described for pivoting arms. The protective projections can be, for example, telescopic rods and provided with a beam between them, or have some other structure. In the case of Fig. 2B, the protective projections 44 make the rear edge of the transport pallet 20 outer than the rear edge of the car Kv to be transported in bulk, whereby, for example, the transport service of the car to be loaded next on the ship. :: The front edge of the counter 1 can be pushed into these protective projections without the cars touching each other.

Figures 5 and 6A-6B show a structure which, if necessary, eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantages of the gap between the base 2 and the extension part 3, such as the transverse part 10 or 11. ^ calls. These figures show a relatively thin surface plate 12 connected to the transverse part 10, 11 facing the base 2, which is located on the loading surface 6 of the transverse part and whose length L1 is typically at least equal to the length L4 of the rails 25 in that case. that the rails 25 are attached to the transverse part 10, 11. This surface i “*: the plate 12 slides along the loading surface 4 of the base when the transverse part is inserted in the direction D2 and pulled out in the direction D1, whereby the loading area“ A1 + A2 of the transport pallet remains open , since the surface plate 12 extends from the top of the transverse part onto the base and is substantially in the same plane as the loading surfaces 6 and 4 of each.

Figures 6A and 6B show two different embodiments of the surface plate 12, i.e. the surface plates 12a and 12b. The surface plate 12a is a smooth plate in the area of the loading surfaces 4, 6, for example a steel plate, whereby the loading surfaces 4 and 6 are kept very precisely at the same height 8. Fig. 6B shows another type of surface plate 12b formed of a corrugated plate with a surface palletizing surface. 8 is slightly higher at this point than, for example, in the rest of the base, where it consists of its actual loading surface 4. However, this design is suitable for cases where there may be a long gap between the base 2 and the extension 3 on which larger loads come. This advantage is, of course, due to the fact that such a corrugated sheet is more rigid. In the case of Figure 6A, the edges of the surface plate 12 are bonded to grooves 52 in those edges 21 and 22 of the substrate perpendicular to the first edge 20 to form the edges of the surface plate in a trough-like manner. In the embodiment of Fig. 6B, on the other hand, the edges 10 of the surface plate 12 are turned on the lower surface 9 of the base 2 around the above-mentioned edges 21, 22 into a trough.

Figure 9 illustrates a transport pallet according to the invention, clearly different from the solutions described above, in which the extensions 3 comprise at least one edge 15 a transverse part 15 parallel to and approximately the same length as this first edge 20. This transverse part 15 is connected to the base by this first edge 20 against pairs of parallel bars 39a, 39b parallel to the edges 21 and 22 of the perpendicular base. Typically, there are two pairs of rods 39a, 39b, one preferably at one edge 21 of the base and the other at the opposite edge 22 of the base, 20 and the rods of each pair of rods are articulated 49 at one end to the transverse part: 15 and at the other end to the base 2 so that the rods 39a and 39b are interconnected. parallel to the loading surface 6 of the transverse part and the loading surface of the base 2; the surface 4 are at least substantially parallel. Articulated bars 39a, 39b:. ·. the attachments 49 to the base 2 and to the transverse part 15 are such that rotation is possible around the axial lines parallel to the first edge 20. In this case, the transverse part 15 is displaced by means of a parallel transfer mechanism formed by the rods. . extendable outwards in the direction D1 as an extension or extension of the base 2, the loading surfaces 4, 6 of the base and the cross member 15 being substantially in the same plane, as indicated by the broken lines in Fig. 9. When the transverse part 15 is moved inwards in the direction 30 D2, it can be inserted, for example, into a recess in the base 2, not shown in the figure, or on the loading surface 4 of the base, in the former case, · (= increased loading area A1) the upper surface of the transport pallet. 8 is substantially the same as the base loading surface 4 and in the latter case (= reduced '· *: loading area A1 + A2) the upper surface 8 is at most equal to the thickness T2 35 of the transverse part 15 above the base loading surface 4. However, since the thickness T2 of the transverse part is relatively small, this structure of the transport pallet 1 is also suitable for most applications, such as the transport of cars. The transverse part 15 must be locked by some mechanism in the extension position of the base 2. Such locking members 10 102469 may be supports 48 on the lower surface 9 of the pallet, locking pins parallel to the plane of the pallet between the base and the transverse part, not shown in the figures, or other similar members.

Figures 7A, 7B and 8A, 8B, respectively, illustrate two slightly different embodiments, the types of which can be shaped in several similar ways. Here, the extension parts 3 comprise at least one edge of the base 2 one or two turning plates 14 or possibly also several turning plates hinged to this first edge 20. In any case, the pivot axis line 28 of this hinge 27 is parallel to this first edge 20, whereby the position of the pivot plate in the direction D1 extending and increasing the loading area A1 + A2 consists of a pivot plate 13 or pivot plates 14 extended as an extension of the base loading surface 4, as shown in solid. Thus, 13, 14 of the second side of the rotary plate or plates forming the surface 6 forms the loading platform, which is essentially an extension of the chassis of the loading platform 4, and approximately the same height. When the turntable 13 or the turntable 14 forming the extensions 3 is brought into the position D2 in the position reducing the loading area by turning around the pivot axis line 28, the turntable 13 or plates 14 enter the loading area region A1 of the base 2 in an upside down position, opposite the turntables 13, 14 settles at approximately the same height as the loading surface 4 of the base and thus forms a crimping surface of 20 parts. The opposite loading surface V of the turning plate 13 or the turning plates 14 is made in this case to better match the loading surface 4 of the base by using the thickenings 54 shown in Fig. 8A, the area of which is ai-: ';'; somewhat smaller than the surface area of the extension and the thickenings fit into the corresponding recesses 19 in the base. Thus, the thickenings with a thickness of 25 T2 "come at a point on the base with a thickness T1" and a thinner point on the turntable,

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whose thickness T2 'comes to a thicker part of the substrate with a thickness ΤΓ, where. . the upper surface of the transport pallet comes at approximately ΤΓ + T2 '= T1 ”+ T2", whereby the distance between the upper surface 8 and the lower surface 9 of the transport pallet is only slightly larger than the base thickness T1, as previously here Thus, the second loading surface 7 of the turntable is also substantially at the same height as or less than the loading surface 4 of the base, although the difference • · · would be slightly larger corresponding to the thickness T2 of the turntable 13. as in Figure 7A,

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: "this structure is also suitable for transporting quite a variety of products, such as '·' cars. It is clear that the thicker portions 54 of the extensions 3 with a thickness T2 of 35" can be placed on the turntable 13 or turntables 14 in several different ways and the like the recesses 19 of the base 2 are shaped and positioned according to the thickenings. In this way, the distance between the upper and lower surfaces of the transport pallet is practically always sufficiently close in value to the thickness T1 of the substrate, i.e. a constant independent of the position of the extensions 11 102469. For example, ridges perpendicular to the first edge 20 may be preferred, whereby the rigidity of the pivot plate remains good and it is easy to make recesses in this direction in the base. The design and the relationship between the loading surfaces are also affected by the position of the shaft line 28 5 in the thickness direction T1 of the base. In the embodiment of the figures, the shaft line 28 is close to the loading surface 4, but it can also be arranged closer to the opposite surface 9.

Figures 10 and 11 show two different types of alternatives, in which the extensions 3-10 comprise pivot pieces 16 or 17 hinged to this first edge 20 on at least one edge of the base. The pivot axes 29a and 29b of these hinges 24a and 24b are in this case perpendicular to this first edge. 20 and more specifically also perpendicular to the loading plane 4 of the base. In the embodiment of Fig. 10, preferably the axes 15a of the hinge 24a are located near those corners 30 of the base, and in the embodiment of Fig. 11, the axes 29b of the hinge 24b are approximately halfway across the width of the pivot 17 from the corners 30 associated with the first edge 20 of the base. In this case, the pivot pieces 16 and 17 can be moved outwards in the direction D1 by pivoting them around their axis lines 20 until the pivot pieces are an extension of the base, as shown in solid lines in Figs. The pivots 16 and 17 are brought back in, by turning them in the opposite direction D2, whereby the crimping area is mini- • '·' anywhere when these pivots 16 and 17 are inside the crimping area A1 of the substrate. container, as illustrated by the dotted lines in Figures 10 and 11. As such, turning pieces 16:. 25 and 17 may be located at a thickness T1 of the substrate 2 and a measure of the thickness, in which case they must be substantially thinner than the substrate so that they fit advantageously. . between the loading surface 4 of the base and its lower surface 9 in the area of the base 2. For this purpose, inwards from the edge 20 of the base, the base may have a slot, a recess in the upper surface or a recess in the lower surface, indicated by reference numeral 51 in the figure. An embodiment in which the pivots 16 in the inlet D2 in Fig. 10 protrude into the base 2 '“: In, the advantage is that the two sides of the folded-in extensions • · · .. · the base plates or the like of the base then support the pivots against the bending caused by the force applied to them. The solution according to Fig. 10 also has the advantage that the loading area A1 + A2 is infinitely adjustable, at least to some extent, depending on how much the bodies are turned outwards in the direction D1. The real structural difference between the solutions of Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 is only that in the case of Fig. 10 the pivot piece 16 is pivoted into the retracted position D2 and back out of the position D1 across the first edge 20 associated therewith in the direction 41. Again in the case of Fig. 11 the pivot pieces 17 is turned to the inserted D2 position and back to the extended D1 position outside this opposite edge 21 and 22 outside the opposite edges 21 and 22 in the direction 40. In both Figure 10 and Figure 11 it is also conceivable that the turning area 16 and 17 can increase the loading area not only from the first edge 20 outwards, as shown in the figures, also alternatively outwards from the edges 21 and 22 perpendicular to this edge. For example, in the case of Fig. 11, this would be done by leaving the pivots 17 in a position approximately parallel to the first edge 21 and perpendicular to the edges 21 and 22, i.e. at right angles to the intact and dotted positions now shown in the figure. Similarly, in the case of Figure 10, the pivot pieces 16 can be pivoted through either of them to a position in which they are viewed from the base outside the edges 21 and 22.

Figure 4 illustrates in more detail a simple way of locking the extensions 3 and Figures 7A and 8A and 8B show the application of this same principle to another mechanism. The locking device 36 used in connection with the mating channels 26 and the rails 25 to lock the extensions 10, 11 in each case comprises, for example, rows of holes 35a in the rails 25 or in at least one of the rails 25, as shown in Fig. 3B. In addition to this, the base has one or more holes 35b in the counter-channels 6 at the corresponding point, through which the locking bolt or locking bolts 34 can be inserted. , into the holes 35a of the rails 25, as illustrated in Fig. 4. This prevents the transfer of the extension 3; . in both directions D1 and D2. In addition, Figure 4 shows a locking; the positioning of the spare part of the bolt 34 or its positioning during the transfer of the extension 3 with the reference number in brackets: ;;, 25. For the pivoting hinge, this locking device 31 is adapted so that the locking bolt 34 is pushed through the locking holes through the sleeve part 32 and the pin part 33 of the hinges, respectively. In this case, in the case described above, the sleeve part corresponds to the base and the pin part to the rail. Other other types of locking • · · mechanisms are also quite simple to develop.

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The internal structure *: * of one of the bases and extensions 10-17 of the pallet according to the invention can in itself be any sandwich structure suitable for the particular application, for example a sandwich structure. For example, a layer structure known per se, which appears from U.S. Pat. No. 3,622,114 but which is not covered by the present patent, or a honeycomb plate comprising a honeycomb inner part and a surface plate disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,709,161, or a another cell plate of the same type known per se. It is also possible to use a metal plate with a lightening hole, such as an aluminum plate, as shown in Figures 13A, 3B and 4 in Fig. 13 102469, the lightening holes being indicated by reference numeral 38. It is also possible to use US-4,801,483 or GB-2,182,703. emerging layer and sandwich structures or some other structures known per se. Such structures make the diaphragm relatively thin and light and yet very load-bearing. Typically, the maximum thickness T1 and T2 of both the chassis and the extensions is of the order of 30-80 mm when the pallet is used, for example, for the transport of cars and other similar general purpose goods K weighing up to 5000 kg and when the pallet is transported on roller tracks or the like. If the distance between the rollers on these zero tracks is very small, e.g. on the order of 30 cm, a considerably thinner pallet can be used, the thickness T1, T2 of which can be only 5-6 mm at its smallest. The maximum length LL of the transport pallet 1 in the extended position of the extensions 3 preferably corresponds to a container length of about 6.1 m in the above application, i.e. normally it is not necessary for the pallets to withstand, for example, bending such a load when the pallet is supported only at its ends or the like. The Mi-15 has special requirements in this respect, such as the load capacity of the containers corresponding to the load capacity of the containers 15,000 - 20,000 kg and the lifting requirement e.g. from corners, the pallet base and extension will of course be thicker according to the current strength and stiffness requirement. If, on the other hand, it is intended to transport smaller-sized piece goods and / or lighter piece goods K, the size and thickness of the base and the extension can be reduced from the above. In the case of cars in particular:: as a piece goods K, the transfer of the extensions 3 must be such that their change from the inserted position to the extended position and back changes the length LL of the transport ball by at least about 1 meter, preferably at least about 1 m. , 5 meters.

i:: This transfer allows virtually all passenger cars and most vans Γ: 25 to fit on the transport pallet. There is nothing to prevent the transfer margin from being significantly higher than this. For example, when the chassis length L2 is about half 20 feet:. of the length of the container, i.e. 3.0-3.1 m, the transfer margin can be the same, i.e. about 3 m, where at most the total length LL of the transport pallet corresponds to the length of the 20-foot container. about 6.1 m. The pallet of the invention can also be thinned locally, as shown in Figures 1 and 3A, 3B and 8A, in order to alleviate it and still obtain a sufficient structural thickness at the rails. In the case of thinning, the loading surface is: · * marked with the reference 4 "and the base thickness T1" may be 5-6 mm, ”. ; when the thickness TT at the edges may be said 30 to 80 mm.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but may vary within the limits defined by the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. Cargo pallet (1) for transporting piece goods, comprising a rectangular and flat surface (2) with solid mats, on which piece goods (K) to be transported can be placed and having fixed means (5) for reading this piece goods at the pallet during transport, as well as extension portions (3) which extend beyond the base and can be rigidly attached thereto to extend the loading surface of the pallet if necessary; the extension parts (3) consist of substantially flat permanent components (11) in the pallet (1) which can be carried out leaking (D1) from the fixed load base (AI) defined by the support (2), the thickness (T2) of the components in a the direction perpendicular to the load surface (4) of the substrate is approximately equal to or less than the thickness (T1) of the substrate (2) in the same direction; and the surface (6, 7) of these extension portions lying against the load (K) also provides in their projected and retracted positions between planes (8, 9) defining the load; :. the upper and lower surface of the pallet, whereby the support (2) and the extended extension cover:. ·, 20 lams together form the extended loading surface (A 1 + A2) of the pallet (1) substantially • <«| ''. ' the same piano; and wherein the extension members (3) at at least one edge of the support (2) comprise a cross member (11) parallel to this first edge (20) and approximately equal to the length, characterized by in addition, the cross member (11) has on its load surface '' '(6) a thin surface plate (12) attached thereto which faces the substrate, that the length (L1) of the surface plate (12) corresponds to at least the length (L4) of the extension part v .: extension means, and the surface plate (12) slides along the load surface (4) of the transverse part • · · v: is pushed in and pulled out to continuously pour the load surface (A1 + A2) of the pallet (1) in a transverse direction. all parts of the part. • · · • · · · · · • · • · *: * 30 Cargo pallet according to claim 1, characterized in that the load surface (6) of the cross-section (11) is approximately equal to the load surface (4) of the substrate, that this cross-section (11) has bending rigid rails (25) or some other guide structure and the support has abutment channels (26) extending from said first edge (20) toward the center portions parallel to the load surface of the support, in which the said rails of said cross member may slide to move the cross member inset (D2) as the support (2) or adhere to it. for a small load surface or to pull it out (D1) away from the base of the extended load surface. 102469 Cargo pallet according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said surface plate (12) extends around edges (21, 22) perpendicular to the first edge (20) to the lower surface (9) of the cargo pallet (23) as a drain to increase the stiffness of the pallet. Cargo pallet according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the extension parts (3) are provided either at the said one edge (20) of the substrate or alternatively at the two opposite edges (20 and 23) of the substrate for adjusting the cargo pallet (20). 1) load area and special length (LL) according to the load to be transported. Cargo pallet according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that, in connection with the stop channels (26) and / or the rails (25), reading devices (36) are provided for guiding the extension parts (3) in the desired position and these reading devices comprise reading bolts. (34) or the like, which can be pushed through the channels and rails (25, 26). Cargo pallet according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cargo pallet (1) base (2) and extension parts (3) consist of a lamella plate, an alveolar inner part and a cell plate consisting of a surface plate, a metal plate or the like with: and the maximum thickness of the substrate and extension parts (T1; T2) is of the order of 40-80 mm. 20 7. A pallet according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that it further | ! comprises either at the end (23) of the substrate (2) which looks away from the extension (3) and / or at the end (43) of the extension (2) from the substrate (2) protective protrusions (44) that can be pulled out or turned outwardly (D3) from the pallet (1) in the direction of movement of the extension parts (D1, D2) to protect any of the load or rear overhangs (37, 38) of the load. the load surface direction. • · · • · · · · · •. ·. Use of the pallet (1) for transport of piece goods according to any of claims 1-7 for the transport of cars and other vehicles on wheels, characterized in that • e a pair of wheels (50) in the vehicles on wheels to be transported on the substrate • · •. ·,: (2) load surface (4) and in addition the second wheel pair (51) is placed either approximately on * ♦ 1: the load surface (6) of the extension part (3) approximately at level with the load surface of the support or alternatively on the load surface of the support (4). ), wherein the extension portion for this purpose is set in its pushed-in (D2) or extended (D1) position or equivalent in any of its extended positions in accordance with the axle spacing of the respective vehicles on wheels. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that the vehicle on wheels to be transported is placed on the support (2) and / or the extension (3) at a point of respective total length (LL) of the pallet (1) formed by them. together, the exterior surfaces of the affected wheeled vehicles fall within a rectangular facet bounded by the pallet and the edges of any protective protrusions when the pallet's load surface and specific length (A1 + A2) are set at least equal to the length of respective wheeled vehicles in the direction of movement ( D1, D2) for the extension members in the distance between the opposing edges of the pallet (23 or 53 and 43) and / or the optional protrusions (44). • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •