FI101122B - Method in agriculture and machine to be connected to a working machine for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Description

101122

Method in agriculture and machinery intended for the implementation of the method, which can be connected to a working machine Förfarande vid jordbrukning och en för förverkligande av förfarandet 5 avsedd, account en arbetsmaskin kopplingsbar maskin

The invention relates to a method in agriculture, in which the soil to be sown in the same working step and in one run using the same machine is leveled, harrowed and sown, after which the sowing is covered and post-leveled and compacted by rolling.

The invention also relates to a machine connected to the working machine 15 for carrying out the method, comprising first means for leveling the soil before harrowing, second means for harrowing and sowing, third means for leveling the ground and finishing the seed cover, compacting the roller soil and a hopper or fertilizer hopper or fertilizers. .

20 The basic needs of cereals, like all other crops, consist of heat, i. heating system, water, ie irrigation system, nutrients and air system. All of these needs, with the exception of nutrients most often, come from such. satisfied directly from nature. Fertilizers are most often found in the ground. increase. The sun is the basis of the heating system and the earth itself contains irrigation. 25 air system. Only a fraction of farmers have realized that these systems can be adjusted by plowing in such a way that the most favorable conditions can be created for the plant to ensure the supply of water, air and heat from the time of sowing itself. Today, the so-called the principles of sustainable development, which in e.g. agriculture means e.g. the fact that nature is hoped for and expected to do well and that there is an increasing desire to use it organically; cereals grown or at least as non-toxic as possible. This is: '' ': has also set ever stricter requirements for mechanical tillage. mm. so that the sown field must be treated over its entire area.

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In current cultivation operations, sowing is carried out in several different stages using different implements. First, the plowed soil is leveled with a leveling harrow, second, the soil is harrowed with a spring harrow or other similar harrow to make the soil suitable for sowing, and third, the sowing itself is carried out with a drill. After this, 5 smoothing, i.e. post-rolling, is often performed with a roller. Cultivation thus involves several separate work steps, each of which requires a lot of time and work.

Since the work steps are performed separately from each other, it is often possible that one of these steps is performed somewhat incorrectly, in which case the final result, i.e. the yield 10, can be quite poor. These erroneous ways of working include e.g. the fact that the soil is harrowed quite deeply and sowing is carried out much closer to the ground. Such a way of working decisively reduces the plant's water and air intake from the soil, especially in loamy soils. The root system does not develop strong, which means that it uses nutrients poorly, and this is often perceived by farmers as an increase in the need for additional fertilization. An unnecessary-15 man strong sowing cover in turn insulates and prevents the seed from getting enough heat. Deep tillage and several runs have prevented nature's own systems from working for the plant. This has resulted in soil erosion, the deterioration of which has been replaced by increased fertilization. This, in turn, has led to the transfer of soil and residual nutrients along the rainwater 20 to the water bodies. Despite the current densely built harrows and numerous driving times, the weed Oras is left between the spikes of the harrow, thus avoiding the need for pesticide control. This, in turn, does not fit in with the requirements currently imposed on cultivation, the most important of which is the production of cereals as clean as possible. The inputs added through the wrong ways of working have therefore been to the detriment of the environment and cultivation.

With regard to the prior art, reference is made to publications EN 787/67, GB 1220516, US 3162152, US 3220368, CH 388683 and GB 1205194, which deal with various types of harrowing and sowing methods and machines. The closest prior art to the invention is formed by: '30 However, the applicant's previous method described in Finnish Patent Publication No. 88851 and the machine implementing the method, which brings a significant improvement first. / _ relative to the publications cited. With the solution according to that publication, 3 101122 several different work steps of a cultivation operation can be carried out in one run using one and the same working machine. However, the amounts of fertilizer could be substantially reduced compared to the past, so that the sowing result was at least as good as before, despite these lower amounts of fertilizer. Also from an environmental point of view 5, this method was significantly better than previous methods. In addition to the environmental friendliness, the experiments performed with this solution resulted in a clearly better sowing result than the previously known methods. However, with the use of the mentioned solution, some problems also arose with the mentioned solution, of which it could be mentioned, for example, that during the work the throughput of earth currents in the machine was not exactly 10 for all soil types as expected. In addition, there was a desire to make land leveling and shredding better and more efficient.

The object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-described and known side effects, to make cultivation an even more environmentally friendly land management, to produce as pure and non-toxicly cultivated grain as possible, and to improve yields with smaller stakes. To achieve this, the method according to the invention is mainly characterized in that the leveling, harrowing and sowing of the soil, covering of the sowing and post-leveling are carried out by the plowing method.

.V 20. . '. The machine according to the invention, in turn, is mainly characterized in that said first, second and third means are arranged in the machine in the direction of travel: in succession as plow groups, which are adapted to perform the respective working steps on the plow.

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The invention provides several significant advantages over the prior art, of which the following, for example, can be highlighted. Ground currents flow in the machine without blockage in both lateral and travel directions. The plowing and sowing depths can be set precisely. At known and used drilling depths, the tensile strength of the machine:: 30 is low. In the method according to the invention, the soil rubs against the soil into a fine and thin granule, as a result of which a thin mold ·; effectively prevents the evaporation of growth fluids rising from the ground. The number of runs 4 101122 has been substantially reduced, because in one run the entire working width is thoroughly and completely covered. By using the method according to the invention, the need for herbicide control has been almost completely eliminated or at least significantly reduced.

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In summary, according to the method of the invention, harrowing and sowing are carried out by working methods in which the soil is planed and plowed with diagonally mounted planer / plow beam groups and harrowed and that the depth adjustment of the sowing group is carried out by means of a load-bearing front planer group and support roller wheels.

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Other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention.

Next, the invention will be explained by way of example with reference to Figs. 20 of the accompanying drawing.

: * ·. Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of a machine using the method according to the invention.

Fig. 2 shows a diagrammatic bottom view of the machine according to Fig. 1 to illustrate the invention.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail of the machine according to Figs. 1 and 2, showing a plow according to the invention.

:: 30 •.,. · Fig. 4 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the plow beam of the machine according to Figs. 1 and 2: the first plow group.

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The machine shown in Figures 1 and 2 of the drawing comprises three plow groups 10,20,30 arranged in the direction of travel, namely the front group 10, the center group 20 and the rear group 30, and the roller wheel 40. The front group 10 comprises a plurality of plow beams 11 mounted obliquely to the direction of travel. these aurapal-5 kits 11 partially overlap. In the representation of Fig. 2, there are six plow beams 11 and they are mounted at an angle of about 45 ° to the direction of travel. However, the number and position of the plow beams are not limited to the representation of Fig. 2, but may vary as needed. The plow beams 11 are mounted on a transverse beam 12 fixed to the longitudinal frame beams 1 of the machine. In the illustration 10, the transverse beam 12 is fixed to said longitudinal frame beams 1 by means of suspension members 13, but the transverse beam 12 can also be directly attached to the frame beams 1.

The central group 20 comprises several plow-type harrows, the so-called miniature plows 1. 15 plowshares 21,24,27 arranged in three successive rows in the representation of Figures 1 and 2. The plowshares 21,24,27 are plowing and plowing on one side of the ground, as shown in Fig. 2 and in particular in Fig. 3 (return to the representation in Fig. 3 later), and in successive plowshares the harrows 21,24,27 are arranged so that the plow of the latter plow row ( e.g., when plowing the ground of the second plow row 4 20, the plow plow 24) always covers the plow plow 4 ·,. . (e.g. the plow harrow 21 of the first row of plows). The number of plowshares as well as • * as well as the number of plowshares in each row can vary considerably and. essentially as shown in Figures 1 and 2, which figures are merely intended to illustrate the invention. In order to improve the ground shear efficiency 25 of the plows 21,24,27, a cutter 5 may be mounted in front of said plows, as illustrated in Fig. 1 by broken lines for one plow 24. Such a mower can, of course, be mounted in front of all plowshares. Transverse beams 22,25,28 are mounted on the longitudinal frame beams 1 of the machine, on which the plowshares are fastened by means of vertical supports 23,26,29.

: 30; The machine according to the invention also functions as a seed drill, in which case for each plow harrow. · 21,24,27 is a connected pipe or pipes 3 along which the seed and fertilizer are guided behind the plow between the wing 211 and the ditch 213. Preferably, one plow goes into each plow, along which the seed and fertilizer are led to the plow (along the same pipe). There may also be two tubes 3, as shown in Figure 3, separate tubes for seed and fertilizer. Fig. 1 shows 5 completely diagrammatically and in broken lines that seed and fertilizer tanks 2 are mounted on the longitudinal frame beams 1 of the machine, to which the pipes 3 are connected and from which sowing and fertilizing are carried out e.g. pneumatically or in any other suitable way. the grooves.

The rear group 30 comprises a plurality of planer beams 31, which according to Fig. 2 are mounted on the transverse beam 32 obliquely with respect to the direction of travel. The planer beams 31 are mounted overlapping with respect to each other, as was the case with the plow beams of the front group 10. In the representation of Fig. 2, the number of planer beams 31 is four, but it is possible to deviate from the representation of that figure both in terms of the number 15 of planer beams 31 and the angle at which they are mounted with respect to the direction of travel. Figure 1 shows that the transverse beam 32 of the rear group 30 is suspended on the longitudinal frame beams 1 of the machine by means of vertical supports 33, but the transverse beam 32 can also be fastened to the frame beams directly. The function of the rear group 30 is to level and cover the trace of the plowshares 21,24,27 over the entire working width and to produce a thin soil for the sowing finish 20 and for leveling. Finally, the roller wheel 40 performs post-rolling.

1. . In the illustration of Figures 1 and 2, the roller wheel 40 is mounted on support arms 41 which are. '., Attached to the rear member planer beams 31. The attachment may also differ from the illustration, and an adjustable attachment with which the height of the roller wheel 40 relative to the machine can be adjusted can be considered as a preferred alternative.

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Figure 3 shows one plow harrow 21 in more detail. As shown in Figure 3, the plow harrow 21 comprises a vane 211, a blade 212, a groove 213 and an additional cover vane 214. As previously indicated, the plow harrow 21 is of the plowing plow type (although as will be appreciated, 'substantially smaller in size than the plowing plow) and also of the unilateral plowing type, ; 30 wherein the ditch 213 and the vane 211 are mounted at an angle to each other so that when the plow harrow 21 is mounted on the machine, the ditch 213 is substantially in the longitudinal direction of the machine, i.e. it is parallel to the direction of travel. The additional cover vane 214 is most preferably adjustably mounted on the vane 211 so that it can be adjusted upwards from the steel 212 by the sowing depth. The plow harrow 21 is rigidly attached to the vertical support 23 and the tubes 3 for seed and fertilizer are guided between the wing and the ditch 213 so that the seed and fertilizer enter the groove or 5 groove opened by the plow harrow 21. With further reference to the illustration of Figure 2, the plowshares 21, 24, 27 are mounted on the machine so that the wing 211 of the rear plow harrow and the additional cover wing 214 always cover the opening mark of the above plow harrow.

The sowing depth of the central group 20, i.e. the plow harrows 21,24,27, is adjusted by the support of the plow beams 11 and the roller wheel 40 of the front group 10 or 10. For this reason, among other things, the height adjustment of the roller wheel 40 in the machine may be advantageous, as already stated above. In addition, as shown in Fig. 4, the plow beams 11 of the front group 10 are preferably trapezoidal in cross-section, so that said plow beams 11 extend from the bottom upwards. Depending on the soil type, this provides a certain self-adjustment with respect to the sowing depths, 15 the deeper the plow beam 11 protrudes into the ground, the greater its support increases with increasing cross-sectional area. The leading edge of the plow beams 11 intersecting the ground can be set more or less intersecting if necessary and if necessary blades or teeth (not shown in the figures) can be attached to the plow beams 11. It must not be concluded from the cross-sectional view of Fig. 4 that: 20 plowshares 11 are necessarily solid; but also a box-beam structure I 1;; ' is possible and often inexpensive.

• · • · t j1 As previously stated, the machine is intended to be towed by an implement such as a tractor • · ί, ι. For this purpose, for example, according to Fig. 1, fastening points 4 are arranged on the machine, from which the machine can be fastened to a three-point lifting device of a tractor or the like. When working with the machine, the plow beams 11 of the front group 10 plow and plan the ground evenly and produce a thin seeding soil. With the plowshares of the middle group 20 • · 21,24,27 the harrow is carried out by plowing to the sowing depth, the seed and fertilizer '' are fed into the open grooves and the seed coats are formed. The sowing cover is finished with planer beams 31 of the rear group 30, which plow and plan the ground so that when the planed soil 1 ... rubs against the ground, a thin soil is formed, which effectively prevents the evaporation of growth fluids rising from the ground. Finally, the roller wheel 40 seals the seed cover.

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The machine according to the invention can thus be used for four and preferably at least three different work steps, which in the past have most often had to be performed separately with different driving times and different work machines. With the method and machine according to the invention, the driving times in the field are thus substantially reduced. Thus, the ground 5 is not compacted too much by unnecessary driving cycles. With the method according to the invention, the yield is improved, while the amounts of fertilizer can be reduced by better targeting of the fertilizer and the need for the use of toxins in the control of weeds can be eliminated or at least substantially reduced.

The invention has been described above by way of example with reference to the examples shown in the figures of the accompanying drawing. However, the invention is not limited to the examples shown in the figures, but the various embodiments of the invention may vary within the scope of the inventive idea defined in the appended claims.

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Claims (10)

1. Method in agriculture, in which process the soil to be seeded, leveled, harnessed and seeded, after which the seed is covered and post-leveled and packed by rolling in the same working stage and with a single drive using a single machine, characterized by , that the leveling of the soil, the harrow and the seed, the covering of the seed and the post-equalization are carried out by plowing process. 10 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the harrow and the seed are carried out by plowing by means of plow harrows (21,24,27) in such a way that the seed spheres are opened by plowing by the plow harrows, the seed is carried out in an open seed sphere and the seed spheres are partially covered by the eating medium. plowing in connection with the harrowing. 15 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the leveling of the soil is carried out prior to sowing by plowing by means of plow beams (11) as fines and oblique plows and planes and that overworking of the cover of the seed is carried out by plowing and planing by plow beams. (31) which decomposes the soil. 4. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by • · · • · · !!! thereof, that the tillage and seed depth is controlled by the plow beams (11) which equalize the soil prior to the tillage and by a roller (40). ·. 25 • · * 5. Machine intended for carrying out the procedure according to some of the foregoing • · · *. the claims and linkable to a working machine, comprising first means (9) for leveling the soil before the harrowing, second means (21,25,27) for harrowing and seed, third means (31) for post-leveling the soil and overworking of the seed covering, a roll (40) for soil compaction and one or more containers (2) for seed and fertilizer, characterized in that said first, second and third means (11; 21,24,27; 31) are arranged in the machine in the driving direction 101122 12 one after the other as plow groups (10; 20; 30), which are arranged to carry out the working phase in question by plowing. Machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the first means 5 (11) forming the first plow group (10) comprise plow beams (11) which are mounted in the machine obliquely in relation to the driving direction and the transverse direction and which partly overlap each other. . Machine according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the other means (21,24,27) forming the second plow group (20) comprise plow harrows (21.24.27) which have been mounted in the machine in several rows after each other, which plow harrows have been arranged in the rows next to each other in such a way that the plow harrows (21.24.27) which are in successive rows are mutually overlapping and to which plow harrows (21,24,27) have been joined pipes (3) from the container ( 2) for guiding seed and fertilizer into the paint or grooves opened by the plow harrows (21,24,27). 8. Machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the plow harrows (21.24.27) are plowing plowing means which plow on the other side and which include a plow wing (211), a plow grater (212), a plow blade (213) and a further 20 cover wing (214). Machine according to any one of claims 5-8, characterized in that the third means (31), which form the third plow folder (30) comprise plow beams • · (31), which have been mounted. in the machine obliquely in relation to the driving direction and the transverse direction, and which partly overlap. • · · • · «• · · • · · ·. 10. A machine according to any of claims 5-8, characterized in that the rake and seed depth are arranged to be controlled by means of the first plow beams (11) which abut the ground and by means of the impeller (40). 30