ES2958057A1 - MICROSCOPE TO CARRY OUT TWISTRONICS AND SPINTRONICS STUDIES (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Microscope to carry out twistronics and spintronics studies, which can be used in studies of electronic topography, electronic transport at a fixed angle or electronic transport at a variable angle, which has the particularity of being made up of a central body that supports a carriage and is attached to a front support; a carriage, at the end of which a first electrode is anchored in a fixed sample holder, and which performs a unidirectional movement forward and backward; and a front support that comprises at least one second electrode in a second sample holder, so that the second electrode faces the first electrode, and where the front support may comprise means for controlling the rotation or movement of the second electrode; and where both sample holders are connected to a circuit that allows measuring the current and the electronic and spin transport that passes through the microscope. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

MICROSCOPE TO CARRY OUT TWISTRONICS AND SPINTRONICS STUDIES

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention consists of a microscope whose structure and assembly allows twistronics and spintronics studies to be carried out, and which specifically allows the development of electronic topography studies, fixed angle electronic transport studies, and electronic transport and spin a studies. variable angle.

This invention falls within the different types of equipment, systems and methods intended for carrying out nanoelectronics studies and experiments.

STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE

As is known within this industrial sector, spintronics and twistronics are two fields of research within nanoelectronics. Spintronics is often spoken of as the science that studies both the charge of the electron and its spin; while twistronics is defined as the science that studies electronics based on the relative angle between two two-dimensional sheets. The technical problem we face is that until now it is not known that these fields have been able to be studied together.

In this sense, electronic devices used in the field of spintronics are known, devices with a high potential in the processing and storage of quantum information. These devices, known in this industrial sector as “spinswitch” (technical term that is used throughout this descriptive report), are devices capable of blocking or allowing the transport of spin-polarized electrons. To date, multiple forms of spin-switch controllable under external stimuli, such as light, magnetic field or electric field, have been studied[[Ke, G., et al. (2020). Electrical and spin switches in single-molecule junctions. InfoMat, 2(1), 92-112.]].However, there is no known spin-switch that adjusts its electrical conductance thanks to a mechanical rotation.

On the other hand, twistronics is a new field of study born recently, and although the term twistronics is not associated with a specific configuration among two-dimensional materials, all the studies reported to date follow a line of research in which they are studied systems based on overlapping sheets [[Jarillo,et al.(2020). Unconventional superconductivity in magic-angle graphene superlattices. Nature, 556(7699), 43-50]].However, this configuration does not allow performing a spin-switch.

The use of devices for STM (Scanning Tunneling Microscopy) technology is known, and they are instruments whose purpose of invention is to obtain topography images of the surface of a conductive sample, measuring the current that flows between its electrodes, when they are at a certain distance from each other. For this purpose, one of its electrodes must be an atomically sharp point, while the other must be a surface facing perpendicular to it.

In this sense, what was disclosed in document WO2017211991 is known, where the idea of facing two two-dimensional materials at their edges is discussed and theoretically describes how to measure electronic transport in a graphene nanoconstriction through the use of an STM-BJ (Scanning Tunneling Microscope in break junction approach) also known as scanning tunneling microscope in BJ configuration. However, in these cases the electrodes are fixed, that is, they do not have the ability to vary the angle.

In order to measure electronic transport in atomic or molecular nanocontacts, the use of the STM-BJ is known, whose operation is based on forming and breaking atomic or molecular contacts from the collision and separation of the electrodes of which the STM is composed. In this case, the electrodes are generally conductive materials with the same shape, arranged in such a way as to produce a collapse point that is as localized as possible. This allows the generation of an atomic nanoconstriction upon separation, through which the electronic transport of the metal used can be measured. Generally, electronic transport studies using this technique are carried out based on statistical analysis after performing thousands of these bonding and breaking cycles. Although the STM-BJ technique is known, however, the measuring instruments to generate atomic contacts are not standardized and are usually manufactured at home in laboratories [[Lee,W., & Reddy, P.(2011). Creation of stable molecular junctions with a custom-designed scanning tunneling microscope. Nanotechnology, 22(48), 485703]].

The microscope object of the present invention, compared to this known background, is an instrument that allows us to jointly study the fields of spintronics and twistronics, in addition to offering the possibility of creating a spin-switch type device from a spin. mechanical between two two-dimensional sheets facing each other at their edges.

EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention defines a microscope whose structure and assembly allows for electronic transport and spin studies at a variable angle, hereinafter referred to as the Tw-STM-BJ (Twisted Scanning Tunneling Microscopy in Break-Junction configuration) technique. In addition, it allows for studies to be carried out. electronic transport at a non-variable angle, a technique commonly known as STM-BJ (Scanning Tunneling Microscopy in Break-Junction configuration). On the other hand, it also allows the development of surface topography studies at the atomic level, using the scanning microscopy technique. tunneling effect, commonly known as STM (Scanning Tunneling Microscopy).

The objective of this invention is based on generating a microscope controlled by a mechanical rotation of the electrodes that compose it, that is, a device is proposed that is formed by two two-dimensional electrodes, such as graphene, facing each other at the edges. It is known that electronic conduction is due to the s, p, d or f conduction orbitals; where it must be understood that an orbital is the region of space within an atom in which there is a certain probability of finding an electron, and where this region can have different shapes, having been associated with a letter s,p,d or f, depending on its shape , the s being a spherical region and the rest of them with lobular geometry. In the case of graphene, electronic conduction occurs through the pz orbitals, which results in electronic transport being minimal or null when the edges are 90°, maximum when they are 0°, and having an intermediate value when the edges are 90°. of the electrodes have a relative angle between 0° and 90° (see Figure 1). Depending on the orbitals through which the electronic conduction of the system occurs, the change in conductance as a function of the angle occurs differently, having a completely different band structure. As long as the conductance is not exclusively due to an s-type orbital (with spherical symmetry), there will be a variation in the conductance when the angle changes. That is, with this relative arrangement between the electrodes, the electronic conduction of the system could be adjusted.

Introducing spin transport in this invention lies in inducing single spin conduction in the electrodes. In order to convert the electrode into a single spin conductor, spin polarized electrons must be injected. To this end, bars of ferromagnetic materials are nanolithography on the surface of the two-dimensional material, which act as spin injectors when subjected to a current. In order to detect it, metal bars that can be platinum, copper, gold or silver must be nanolithographed, from which the potential difference generated can be measured and thus spin transport can be measured. Under these conditions and by mounting the electrodes on a system that allows the rotation of one of them, spin transport can be controlled through rotation. Again, the conduction orbitals involved will cause it to vary differently. In the case of graphene, spin transport can be allowed to be complete at relative angle 0 and, conversely, can be nullified when the angle is 90 degrees (see figure 1). Any other angle will allow adjustment of the transport, in the same way as for electronic driving.

As indicated in the previous section, it is not known and/or suggested that there is any device that allows the development and study of these two technologies together. For this reason, the present invention presents a microscope with a structure and assembly that allows twistronics and spintronics studies to be carried out.

On the other hand, known devices are usually made of materials with a low coefficient of thermal expansion, since they are usually subjected to low temperatures (such as titanium). However, many molecular electronics experiments are carried out at ambient conditions, which makes it pointless to use materials such as titanium, among other things due to its price and difficult machining. In the present invention, a microscope structure is proposed that can be 3D printable for its manufacturing, which is an advantage over the non-standardized microscopes that have been discussed in the previous section of the state of the art. The use of this manufacturing method allows the development of the microscope easily and quickly, in addition to solving the problems of machining, standardization and reproducibility of this type of instruments. In particular, although it is not intended to be protected and is not intended to be limiting, Polylactic Acid (PLA) has been used as a thermoplastic manufacturing material, which makes the microscope economical and sustainable. In any case, other materials such as ABS, Nylon, metals or any type of 3D printable thermoplastic material could be used.

Going into a greater degree of detail of the microscope, the invention consists of an assembled structure, which allows modifying the working configuration by changing some parts mechanically, quickly and easily. The basic structure of the microscope includes:

a central piece or body, which allows the mechanical assembly of the rest of the pieces using threaded rods, and which provides support and fastening to a carriage,

a carriage, at the end of which a first electrode of the microscope is anchored; where the car is located on piezo batteries, which are placed on the body and allow the car to make a unidirectional movement forward and backward; and where at the bottom of the carriage it has an anchored spring, which keeps it attracted to the piezopiles,

a front support, which faces the electrode of the carriage, where at least one second electrode of the microscope is arranged, so that the second electrode faces the electrode of the carriage, and where the front support comprises rotation control means or movement of the second electrode,

two sample holders, which allow both electrodes to be anchored and connected to the microscope and a circuit, where these two electrodes are conductive materials, semiconductors or topological insulators, and are connected to the microscope circuit; and where, in this way, when both electrodes are at a tunnel distance (distance that allows current to pass through them by tunneling effect) or in atomic contact, the microscope circuit is closed and the current that can be measured can be measured. passes through the device by means of an external programmable electronic device (such as a PC), the circuit therefore being in connection with the electronic device; and wherein the circuit comprises a bias voltage or polarization voltage generated by a low electronic noise power supply; and a current-voltage amplifier known as I-V amplifiers, which are made up of an operational amplifier, preferably modulable in the amplification range of 103 to 1012.

By fixing more pieces on the carriage or on the front support, it is possible to modify the configuration so that with the same microscope the three different techniques previously indicated can be developed, that is, the standard STM technique, which can be obtained to perform topography images on surfaces. electrically conductive; the STM-BJ technique, with which electronic transport can be measured; and the Tw-STM-BJ technique, which allows studying the electronic and spintronic transport of a system whose electrodes have the capacity to rotate, and with which a spin-switch controlled by a turn can be carried out.

From here, to carry out twistronics studies using tunneling effect microscopy with control of the relative angle between electrodes (Tw-STM-BJ), a motor is integrated into the front support of the structure, a motor that allows the rotary movement of the second electrode. In this case, both three-dimensional electrodes and 2D materials can be used, positioned in such a way that they face each other on their edge. Due to the incorporation of the motor in the structure, electronic and spin transport studies can be carried out for fixed angle or with angle variability. In this configuration, it is preferable to be able to use a type of carriage with high stability, since with this break and twist connection technique atomic percussions are performed. The carriage has a cavity into which a cylindrical piece of metal with a threaded hole is inserted, which allows the anchoring of the sample holders and/or electrode. In this way, the carriage in its linear movement can move the first electrode further or further away from the front support, and the front support can manage the rotation of the second electrode with respect to the carriage, thus allowing the development of the Tw-STM technique. BJ, that is, the present microscope is the only one capable of measuring electronic and spin transport in atomic contacts under the lateral rotation of one of its electrodes.

At this point and to go into greater detail about this technology, it is understood that it is necessary to explain that according to the Landauer equation[[Landauer, R.(1957). Spatial variation of currents and fields due to localized scatterers in metallic conduction. IBM Journal of research and development, 1(3), 223-231.]],total conductance depends on the number of conduction channels involved in the junction, which is related to the number of atoms that form the bond. Thus, the greater the number of atoms, the greater the conductance of the union. Historically, conductance has been studied as a function of the relative displacement of the electrodes that are in constant indentation and retraction movement. These conductance versus displacement curves are called conductance traces and can be either breakdown or formation. As the contact geometry changes, so does the conductance, increasing or decreasing in a stepwise manner. Each jump in conductance value is due to an abrupt change in the number of atoms that form the bond, which causes an increase, or decrease, in the number of channels involved in electron transport. On the other hand, the plateaus formed between jumps are values that remain with a certain slope depending on the relative distance between the electrodes, which is known as the "plateau" of conductance.

Generally, just before complete breakdown of contact, the bond is established by a single atom, allowing us to measure the electronic conductance of a single atom. However, rupture can occur in different ways, which is why these systems are studied through statistical analysis after collecting thousands of conductance traces. These statistical analyzes are represented in the form of histograms of conductance for rupture or formation, which represent the number of times a given conductance value is obtained. This line describes the three methodologies to carry out measurements and studies of electronic transport depending on the angle:

Methodology 1: Based on the historical methodology used, the study of electronic transport as a function of angle can be carried out through the comparison of the conductance histograms obtained for each angle. That is, a complete experiment of thousands of junctions and breaks would be carried out for each angle, always using the same number of conductance traces to obtain the histograms.

Methodology 2: Once the typical conductance value of a single atomic contact between the electrodes for a given angle is known (after having characterized it with methodology 1), we can make conductance histograms based on the relative angle between the electrodes, making the union atomic for each given angle. That is, starting from the separated electrodes and with the relative angle between them selected, the contact of a single atom is sought. For each angular change, the electrodes must be separated and re-contacted as a single atom. In this methodology it is not necessary to always be in the same atomic union.

Methodology 3: In this methodology we start from an atomic contact already generated, and can now start the rotation during the conductance measurements. That is, we generate maps of conductance versus relative rotation angle for a specific type of contact. In our case, an example would be a single atom captured between two nanoelectrodes. With this methodology, histograms of conductances can be made based on the relative angle between the electrodes.

In order to develop the microscope object of the present invention so that it can function as a spin-switch in a Tw-STM-BJ technology, methodologies 2 or 3 described above are used. That is, starting from an atomic contact between the electrodes, one of them is rotated (with or without prior separation of the electrodes) in such a way that the spin transport that crosses the system can be adjusted thanks to the mechanical rotation. In this case, the microscope electrodes must be 2D materials, which have conduction orbitals whose overlap between sheets changes as the angle varies, from a maximum value to zero. As an example, it could be graphene or phosphorenes, which have electronic conduction through their p orbitals. Furthermore, these electrodes must be single spin conductors either by induction or by being topological insulators (Quantum Spin Hall Insulators). Those materials that require single spin induction must have terminals nanolithographed from a material that allows polarized current to be injected. Having induced a certain spin at the edge of the electrodes, when the sheets are rotated, the alignment of the orbitals changes, potentially changing the spin transport that passes through the system.

Once the electrodes and material meet the required characteristics to be able to perform a spin-switch, it must be integrated into a four-prong measurement method to be able to measure spin transport. The nanolithographed terminals that act as a detector can be made of platinum and those that act as a spin inductor can be ferromagnetic.

As for the STM-BJ technique, the configuration is the same as in the previous one, only that the second electrode is at a fixed angle, therefore, either the motor can be left stopped or the motor can be replaced with a base fixed in which the second electrode can be placed and fixed.

Regarding the performance of standard tunneling (STM) studies, the first sample holder is shaped like an atomically sharp tip, while the second is a metal surface facing perpendicular to it. In this sense, we can replace the motor with a fixed base on which the second electrode can be placed and fixed or, taking advantage of the existence of the motor, a multiple rotating sample holder driven by the motor can be incorporated into it. With this last configuration, by mechanically anchoring several samples to the sample holder and connecting them to a common bias voltage, you can change the working area or even change the measurement sample, with a simple turn of the motor. In this configuration, the microscope carriage, the piece that carries the first electrode, has a cavity in which a piezotube is inserted, which allows the movement of the first electrode in the three directions of space, and with this the scanning of the surface of the microscope. second electrode.

Taking these aspects into account, the present invention provides a solution to the problem of having an apparatus with which it is possible to carry out twistronics and spintronics studies in a combined manner, being an industrially manufactured apparatus with easy assembly, which allows obtaining a wide versatility since you can change work technique only by replacing some of its parts quickly and easily.

Another advantage that the present invention provides, as well as its methodology, is that its functionality is not altered in the presence of magnetic fields. Generally, metal microscopes present magnetic impurities which cause magneto-construction effects, thus affecting topography or electrical/spin transport measurements. Since this microscope is composed of polymeric materials, there are no such magneto-constriction effects on the instrument; and, it also allows the studies to be carried out in ambient conditions and/or at any temperature at a lower cost than known devices.

Finally, other advantageous aspects of the present invention is that the microscope helps to generate dynamic gaps, of fixed or variable angle, of tunnel proximity between facing and rotated two-dimensional electrodes. This makes this microscope capable of being used in the sequencing of DNA, RNA, proteins, sugars or biomaterials. Furthermore, the fact that it can perform and study electronic transport in twisted atomic junctions makes it potentially useful for the study of detraintronics, which is the branch of science that studies the electronic behavior of materials when they are subjected to stress or deformation. .

It must be taken into account that, throughout the description and claims, the term "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics or additional elements.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

In order to complete the description and to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of figures and drawings is presented where the following is represented, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes:

Figure 1.- Shows on the left side (1.A) an illustration of the results of two graphene electrodes facing each other at a 0 degree angle. The right side (1.B) shows an illustration of the results of two electrodes facing each other at a relative angle of 90 degrees and interconnected by a single carbon atom.

Figure 2.- Shows an isometric perspective view of an example of the microscope object of the present invention in configuration to develop Tw-STM-BJ studies.

Figure 3.- Shows an isometric perspective view of an example of the microscope object of the present invention in configuration to develop STM-BJ studies without a motor, and where an enlarged detail of the fixed sample holder with the first electrode is seen.

Figure 4.- Shows an isometric perspective view of an example of the microscope object of the present invention in configuration to develop STM studies, and where an enlarged detail of the fixed sample holder with the first electrode is seen.

Figure 5.- Shows an illustration of two two-dimensional sheets placed in the microscope sample holders and connected to the two-terminal circuit that measures their electronic transport; where this circuit is composed of a battery and a current-voltage amplifier placed in series, the circuit being in connection with an external programmable electronic device; and where in one of the sample holders you can observe the rotation capacity of one of the two-dimensional electrodes.

Figure 6.- Shows an experimental result where there is a comparison of the conductance histograms [G<0>] for the values (C) of the clean gold (Au) electrodes obtained from the Tw-STM-BJ, for different angles. between the electrodes and where said positions of the electrodes are indicated.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SOME MODES OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

As can be seen in the previous set of figures, some possible embodiments of the microscope object of the invention are detailed below.

Specifically, Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the microscope for carrying out Tw-STM-BJ studies, that is, electronic transport and spin studies at a variable angle. For this, the microscope includes:

a central piece or body (1), which allows the mechanical assembly of the rest of the pieces using threaded rods (14) and nuts (13), and which provides support and fastening;

a carriage (2), at the end of which a first electrode (3) of the microscope is anchored to a fixed sample holder (11); where the car is located on some piezo batteries (4), which are placed on the body and allow the car to make a unidirectional movement forward and backward; and where in the lower part of the carriage it has a spring (5a) anchored to the body through a fixator (5), which keeps it attracted towards the piezocells; and where the carriage comprises a longitudinal through recess where it introduces a stability and assembly tube (12) that ensures the unidirectional movement of the carriage; a front support (6), which faces the electrode of the carriage, where a second electrode (7) of the microscope is arranged, so that the second electrode faces the electrode of the carriage, and where the front support comprises means of control of rotation or movement of the second electrode, specifically it comprises a stepper motor (8) fixed to the front support by means of fastening screws (9), and where the second electrode (7) is arranged on a second sample holder (10), which is a motor-driven rotary base sample holder;

and to improve the confrontation between electrodes and the movement of the carriage (2), spacers (15) can be provided between the front support (6) and the central body (1), so that the microscope assembly allows for A spin-switch constituted by two electrodes facing each other at their edges, which can block, allow or adjust the transport of spin-polarized electrons from a mechanical rotation of at least one of its electrodes.

Fig.3 shows an embodiment of the microscope to develop conventional STM-BJ studies that comprises:

a central piece or body (1), which allows the mechanical assembly of the rest of the pieces using threaded rods (14) and nuts (13), and which provides support and fastening;

a carriage (2), at the end of which a first electrode (3) of the microscope is anchored to a fixed sample holder (11); where the car is located on some piezo batteries (4), which are placed on the body and allow the car to make a unidirectional movement forward and backward; and where in the lower part of the carriage it has a spring anchored to the body through a fixer (5) and some nuts (13), which keeps it attracted towards the piezocells; and where the carriage comprises a longitudinal through recess where it introduces a stability and assembly tube (12) that ensures the unidirectional movement of the carriage;

a front support (6), which faces the electrode of the carriage, where a second electrode (7) of the microscope is arranged, so that the second electrode faces the electrode of the carriage, and where the second electrode (7) is fixed in a second sample holder (10) which is a fixed sample holder, in this case a motor is not required; so that the microscope assembly allows studying the electronic transport of the material that constitutes the fixed angle electrodes.

Fig.4 shows an embodiment of the microscope to develop STM studies that comprises:

a central piece or body (1), which allows the mechanical assembly of the rest of the pieces using threaded rods (14) and nuts (13), and which provides support and fastening;

a carriage (2), at the end of which a first electrode (3) is anchored in the shape of an atomically sharp tip anchored to its fixed sample holder (11); where the car is located on some piezo batteries (4), which are placed on the body and allow the car to make a unidirectional movement forward and backward; and where at the bottom of the carriage it has a spring anchored to the body through a fixator (5), which keeps it attracted to the piezocells; and where the carriage comprises a longitudinal through-hole where it introduces a tube (12), which in this case is a piezotube, which allows the movement of the tip-shaped electrode in the 3 directions of space;

a front support (6), which faces the electrode of the carriage, where there are two second electrodes (7) of the microscope, so that the second electrodes face the electrode of the carriage, and where the front support comprises means to control the rotation or movement of the second electrode, specifically it comprises a stepper motor (8) fixed to the front support by means of fastening screws (9), and where the second electrodes (7) are arranged on a second sample holder (10). with a rotating base driven by the motor, which is a multiple sample holder, and in this case it is a double sample holder where the two second electrodes are arranged; and where there are spacers (15) between the front support (6) and the central body (1).

Figure 5 shows schematically the operating circuit of the invention, where two two-dimensional sheets placed in the sample holders of the microscope are illustrated, following the previous numerical references, the fixed sample holder (11) and the second sample holder (10), connected to a two terminal circuit. The two-dimensional sheets respectively form the first electrode (3) and the second electrode (7). Both electrodes are connected in series to an electrical power source (16), such as a battery, and an amplifier (17), both external to the microscope structure. The electronic changes that occur in the system with the movement of the electrodes are measured through the output voltage of the system (v.out) and are interpreted by a signal converter (18) (Digital Analog Converter-DAC) connected to a PC/electronic device programmed to manage/represent these readings, and where, for example, the results shown in Fig.6 can be obtained in a Tw-STM-BJ study.

Claims (13)

1. - Microscope to carry out twistronics and spintronics studies, which is characterized by the fact that it includes: a central piece or body (1), which supports and fastens a carriage (2), and is attached to a front support (6); a carriage (2), at the end of which a first electrode (3) of the microscope is anchored to a fixed sample holder (11); where the car is located on some piezo batteries (4) which are placed on the body and allow the car to make a unidirectional movement forward and backward; and where at the bottom of the carriage it has a spring (5a) that keeps it attracted to the piezopiles; a front support (6) comprising at least one second electrode (7) of the microscope arranged on a second sample holder (10), so that the second electrode faces the first electrode (3) of the carriage on its edges; and where both sample holders (10,11) are connected to a circuit that is closed when both electrodes (3,7) are at a tunnel distance or in atomic contact; and where said circuit is in connection with an external programmed device that measures the current and electronic transport that passes through the microscope circuit. 2. - Microscope to carry out twistronics and spintronics studies, according to claim 1, where a stepper motor (8) is fixed to the front support (6). 3. - Microscope to carry out twistronics and spintronics studies, according to claim 1, where the second electrode (7) is arranged on a sample holder (10) that has a rotating base. 4. - Microscope to carry out twistronics and spintronics studies, according to the previous claims, where the sample holder (10) with a rotating base is driven by the stepper motor (8). 5. - Microscope for performing twistronics and spintronics studies, according to claim 4, where the sample holder (10) is a multiple sample holder. 6. - Microscope to carry out twistronics and spintronics studies, according to claim 2, where the front support (6) and the stepper motor (8) are fixed by fixing screws (9). 7. - Microscope to carry out twistronics and spintronics studies, according to claim 1, where the central body (1) and the front support (6) are joined by means of threaded rods (14). 8. - Microscope to carry out twistronics and spintronics studies, according to claim 1, where the spring (5a) is anchored to the body through a fixator (5) and nuts (13). 9. - Microscope to carry out twistronics and spintronics studies, according to claim 1, where the carriage (2) comprises a longitudinal through recess where a tube (12) is introduced. 10. - Microscope for carrying out twistronics and spintronics studies, according to claim 1, which comprises separators (15) that are located between the front support (6) and the central body (1). 11. - Microscope to carry out twistronics and spintronics studies, according to claim 1, where the electrodes are conductive materials, semiconductors or topological insulators. 12. - Microscope for performing twistronics and spintronics studies, according to claim 1, where the circuit comprises an electrical power source (16) and an amplifier (17) that are connected in series to both electrodes (3,7), and an output signal converter (18) connected to the external programmed electronic device. 13. - Use of a microscope as defined in any of claims 1 - 12 for molecular electronics studies selected from among electronic topography studies, fixed angle electronic transport studies, and variable angle electronic transport and spin studies. .