ES2934811T3 - Formwork beam, formwork support device and slab formwork - Google Patents

Abstract

Formwork beam (7), comprising: - an upper chord (13), - a lower chord (14) and - a web (15) that joins the upper chord (13) with the lower chord (14), where - in the first At the end of the formwork support (7) a first connecting strap (17) with a first coupling part (18) is mounted for detachable longitudinal connection with a second coupling part (20) of another formwork support. formwork (7). (Automatic translation with Google Translate, without legal value)

Description

DESCRIPTION

Formwork beam, formwork support device and slab formwork

The invention relates to a formwork beam comprising:

- an upper wing,

- a lower flange and

- a web connecting the upper flange with the lower flange, whereby a first connecting lug with a first coupling part for releasable longitudinal connection with a second coupling part of an additional formwork beam is mounted on the first end of the web formwork beam, where the first connecting ear has a respective fixing member on opposite longitudinal sides of the web, where a second connecting ear with a second coupling piece for releasable longitudinal connection with a first coupling piece of the formwork beam The additional formwork is mounted on the second end of the formwork beam, where a first attachment ear of the additional formwork beam comprises the first coupling piece of the additional formwork beam (7).

The invention also relates to a formwork support device comprising:

- a formwork beam and

- an additional formwork beam.

Lastly, the invention refers to a slab formwork comprising:

- various formwork support devices, and

- several formwork props to support the formwork support devices.

In the prior art, slab formwork with longitudinal and transverse beams for supporting the formwork panels is known (see, for example, WO 2016/116532 A1). The longitudinal beams are mounted on the retaining heads of the formwork props. The cross beams are placed on top of the longitudinal beams, essentially transverse to them. Finally, the formwork panels are placed on the cross beams. Longitudinal beams have a certain length. Therefore, depending on the measurements of the slab formwork, several longitudinal beams are arranged per row, one behind the other. For this, the successive longitudinal beams are slightly offset laterally, so that the ends of the longitudinal beams can be arranged overlapping. Longitudinal beams are usually supported in the overlap area with a formwork prop. However, and disadvantageously, the longitudinal beams remain movable relative to each other in the longitudinal direction, which can cause instability in the slab formwork if additional measures, such as support legs, are not implemented.

Slab formworks are also known in the state of the art in which the longitudinal beams are directly hooked with their ends into the heads of the formwork uprights. However, from a static point of view, this is not a significant improvement. On the contrary, the object of the present invention is to alleviate or at least eliminate individual disadvantages of the state of the art. The invention has for its object, in particular, to provide a formwork beam that makes it possible to increase the stability of a slab formwork and to reduce the use of formwork props and the support legs necessary for it.

Beams or beam connections are known in the prior art from DE 202013 104108 U1, FR 744080 A, JP S61 102714 U, US 2106084 A, WO 2015/196264 A1 and WO 01/36761 A1.

Document US 10053875 B1 further describes formwork beams that can be connected to cross beams with the aid of connecting elements that are located on the end faces of the formwork beams and have the same design.

The document EP 1903 163 A1 further describes a formwork structure in which the beams are connected by means of male and female hooking devices at the end faces.

This object is achieved by a formwork beam having the features of claim 1, a formwork support device having the features of claim 10 and a slab formwork having the features of claim 11. In the dependent claims preferred embodiments are indicated.

According to the invention and according to claim 1, the following is provided

- the first connecting ear of the additional formwork beam is identical to the first connecting ear of the formwork beam;

- the first formwork beam coupling part is formed as a hooking member and the second formwork beam coupling part is formed as a receiving member, whereby the first and the second formwork beam coupling part they are different from each other; and

The first coupling part of the formwork girder or the additional formwork girder can be hooked from above into the second coupling part of the formwork girder or the additional formwork girder.

When used in slab formwork, two formwork girders according to the invention are coupled to each other in such a way by means of corresponding coupling parts at the end faces of the formwork girders that the longitudinal axes of the formwork girders are essentially arranged in line, ie collinearly, and a longitudinal displacement of the connected formwork beams relative to one another is locked. In this way, the formwork girders can be releasably connected to one another at the end faces to effect a transmission of forces along the formwork girders. Advantageously, the stability of the slab formwork can be considerably increased in this way. The continuous girder effect is particularly advantageous, which can be taken into account for the required load-bearing capacity of the roof struts. This makes it possible to reduce the number of formwork props. Likewise, it is not necessary to foresee a lateral displacement between the successive formwork beams to create an overlapping zone in the end zones. Another advantage is that it is not necessary to place the connected formwork beams under the longitudinal connection. Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the coupling area between the two formwork beams does not need a support with a formwork upright. The first connecting lug is mounted on the first end of the formwork beam, ie it is attached to the first end of the formwork beam by means of a fixing device. Advantageously, the first connecting lug is designed as an adapter, which in particular can also be attached to conventional formwork beams.

For the purpose of the present description, the location and direction indications, such as "horizontal", "vertical", "up", "down", refer to a state of horizontal use of the formwork beam. "Releasable" means that a connection can be made and released multiple times without significant loss of function, preferably without tools.

Preferably, the lower flange and the upper flange each have a width (ie a horizontal extent) of 50mm to 100mm, in particular substantially 80mm. The web preferably has a height (ie a vertical extension) between the inner sides of the upper and lower flange of 50 mm to 200 mm, in particular substantially 120 mm. In a preferred embodiment, the overall height of the formwork beam is substantially 200mm with a width of the upper and lower flange members of substantially 80mm. The upper flange, the lower flange and the web are each preferably formed predominantly from a wood material. Protective caps, especially made of plastic, can be attached to the ends of the formwork girder.

A second connecting lug with a second coupling part is mounted at the second end of the formwork beam for releasable longitudinal connection to a first coupling part of the additional formwork beam. Thus, the connecting lugs are provided at the two mutually opposite longitudinal ends of the formwork beam. The second connecting lug with the second coupling piece is designed for a longitudinal connection to the first connecting lug of the additional longitudinal beam, which is identical to the first connecting lug of the formwork beam. The first and second coupling pieces differ from each other to allow easy connection of the formwork beams. According to the invention, the first coupling part is designed as a hooking member and the second coupling part as a receiving member. The first coupling piece is hooked into the second coupling piece from above.

The first and second connecting lugs are preferably made of metal, preferably steel or aluminium, or of a plastic material.

According to a preferred embodiment, a bolt is provided as the first coupling part of the formwork beam and/or a bolt receptacle as the second coupling part. The bolt receptacle has an upwardly open cross section in order to be able to insert the bolt into the bolt receptacle from above.

According to a preferred embodiment, the second connecting ear of the formwork beam has a retaining element above the bolt housing to prevent lifting. The retaining element located above, ie at a vertical distance from the bolt housing, prevents the formwork beam from being accidentally lifted vertically from the horizontal position of use. During disassembly, the formwork beam is turned down so that the retaining element does not act in the downturned position of the formwork beam, in order to allow disassembly of the same.

With regard to a constructively simple and reliable design, it is advantageous to provide a plate part as a retaining element.

In one embodiment, the retaining element is movably arranged in the first connecting ear of the formwork beam to be transferred from an operative position to a disassembly position. In the operative position, the retaining element prevents the formwork beam from rising vertically from the horizontal position of use. In the disassembly position, the retaining element allows the formwork beam to be removed from the horizontal position of use.

In order to facilitate the connection of the formwork beam with the additional formwork beam, the second connecting lug of the formwork beam has, in a preferred embodiment, a guide element projecting upwards, in particular obliquely upwards, from the second coupling part, in particular from the bolt receptacle.

In order to transfer the loads when the formwork beam is in use it is desirable that the first and/or second connecting ear of the formwork beam have an upper bearing section that bears against the inside of the upper flange and/or a section of bottom support that bears against the inside of the bottom flange.

For retrofitting existing formwork girders, the first connecting lug has a fixing member on each of the opposite longitudinal sides of the web. Preferably, the first and second fixing members are designed as fixing plates, which are arranged essentially parallel to the web. This allows a stable fixing of the first connecting ear to the formwork beam. Preferably, the first and second fixing members do not protrude laterally from the upper and lower flange of the formwork beam. The second connecting lug preferably also has a first and a second fixing member, for which reference is made to the above explanations.

In order to equip conventional formwork beams with the first connecting lug, it is expedient for the web to have at least one through-opening at the first end, through which a fastening element, in particular a screw, of the same type, is guided. first ear of attachment. A particular advantage of this design is that many formwork beams already have such a through-opening (for example to attach a crane hanger or a side protection adapter), which can thus be used to retrofit the first connecting lug . Preferably, the screw is arranged substantially perpendicular to the main plane of the web between the upper flange and the lower flange. It is especially preferable if there are two through openings at a longitudinal distance from each other, each of which receives a fixing element, in particular a screw. The second connecting lug can be fastened to at least one other through-opening in the second end of the formwork beam by means of at least one other fastening element.

When constructing the slab formwork, two formwork beams are releasably connected to each other in the manner described above. For this, the first connecting lug of the formwork beam is coupled to the second connecting lug of the additional formwork beam, so that the formwork beam and the additional formwork beam are secured against spreading in the longitudinal direction. In the connected state of use, the longitudinal axes of the shuttering beam and the additional shuttering beam are substantially aligned in the same horizontal plane, ie collinear. Preferably, the formwork beams are supported by several formwork struts when in use.

When mounting the slab formwork, for example, the additional formwork beam can first be arranged in the substantially horizontal position of use, in which the additional formwork beam is supported by at least one formwork strut. The formwork beam is then attached to the additional formwork beam at an intermediate position at an angle to the vertical, and is then opened up to the horizontal working position and supported by another formwork prop. On the formwork girders directly supported on the formwork props, the so-called main girders, several transverse girders can then be arranged essentially transversely. The cross beams can be designed according to the formwork beams described above, but a conventional design without first and second attachment ears can also be used. Depending on the dimensions of the slab formwork, this process is repeated a corresponding number of times. Finally, several formwork panels are placed on the cross beams, so that a slab formwork is available for concreting a slab element.

Preferred form stanchions are telescopic stanchions, each with a lower stanchion section and an upper stanchion section. Thanks to the longitudinal connection between the formwork girders, at least some formwork struts, especially between the outermost areas of the slab formwork, can be free of support legs protruding from the lower section of the strut.

The invention will be explained below with reference to an illustrative embodiment shown in the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a slab formwork according to the invention with formwork props, formwork beams supported on them, crossbeams arranged transversely and formwork panels on the crossbeams.

Figures 2 to 4 show one of the formwork beams shown in Figure 1, having a first attachment ear at the first end and a second attachment ear at the second end.

Figures 5 and 6 show the longitudinal connection of two formwork beams by means of the connection lugs.

Figures 7 and 8 show the process of joining the two formwork beams, where the first joining ear is hooked to the second joining ear from above.

Figure 9 shows an exploded view of the second end of the formwork beam.

Figure 10 shows an exploded view of the first end of the formwork beam.

Figures 11 to 13 show the support of a formwork beam on a formwork prop by means of a retaining head on which a crosspiece is mounted for transverse connection with the retaining head of an adjacent formwork prop.

Figures 14 to 16 show how the crosspiece is hooked into the retaining head of the form prop.

Figures 17 to 20 show the connection of the retaining head with a head plate of the form prop.

Figures 21 to 24 show the upper end of the formwork strut with the retaining head mounted on it.

Figures 25 to 29 show the retention head independently from the rest of the formwork upright.

Figures 30 to 33 show the arrangement of the formwork beam in the retention head.

Figures 34 to 37 show the form beam in use in the form prop.

Figure 1 shows a slab formwork 1 with telescopic formwork struts 2, which, as usual, each have a lower outer tube-shaped strut section 3 and an upper inner tube-shaped strut section 4 that can move inside the outer tube. The length of the telescopic formwork strut 2 is adjusted by means of an adjustment element 5. For exact adjustment of the length of the formwork strut 2, a nut is provided which is screwed into an external thread of the lower strut section 3. The formwork props 2 have retaining or support heads 6 at the upper ends of the upper section 4 of the prop, on which the formwork beams 7 rest. On the upper faces of the formwork beams 7, transversal beams 8 are arranged, essentially perpendicular to them, on which formwork panels 9 are in turn placed. The upper faces of the formwork panels 9 form the formwork skin on which a concrete ceiling body (or a floor body) is poured. For the sake of clarity, in Figure 1 not all of the cross beams 8 and all of the formwork panels 9 are shown. In the shown embodiment, the formwork struts 2 each have several support legs 10 in the lateral edge areas of the slab formwork 1; said legs rest on a floor surface 11. On the contrary, the formwork struts 2 inside the slab formwork 1, between the lateral edges of the slab formwork 1, are free from said support legs 10, so that the formwork struts 2 only rest on the floor surface 11 through plates 12 at the lower ends of the lower strut sections 3. This leaves more space between the formwork struts 2.

As can be seen in Figures 2 to 4, the formwork beams 7 each have an upper flange 13, a lower flange 14 and a web 15 that joins the upper flange 13 with the lower flange 14, so that the beams 7 of formwork have an I-shape in their cross section (perpendicular to the longitudinal axis). In the shown embodiment, the upper flange 13, the lower flange 14 and the core 15 are each made primarily of a wooden material. Plastic protection caps 16 are provided at the ends of the formwork beam 7 . Furthermore, at the first end of the formwork beam 7 a first connecting ear 17 with a first coupling piece 18 is mounted and at the second end of the formwork beam 7 a second connecting ear 19 with a second connecting piece is mounted. 20 coupling. The first and second connecting lugs 19 are made of metal, preferably steel or aluminum, or made of plastic.

As can be seen in Figure 5 and Figure 6, the formwork beams 7 can be connected to each other in pairs by hooking the first coupling piece 18 of one formwork beam 7 into the second coupling piece 20 of the formwork beam 7. additional formwork. Thus, the first coupling piece 18 and the second coupling piece 20 are arranged for releasable connection with each other. A bolt 21 is provided as the first coupling part 18 and a hollow-shaped bolt receptacle 22 open at the top is provided as the second coupling part 20 . The second connecting ear 19 also has a guide element 23 projecting upwards at an angle from the second coupling piece 20, in this case the bolt housing 20, to facilitate the engagement of the bolt 21 in the bolt housing 22 . At a vertical distance from the bolt receptacle 22, the second connecting lug 19 has a retaining element 24 which covers the bolt receptacle 22, so that the bolt 21 rests on the retaining element 24 during vertical lifting. Thus it is achieved that the formwork beam 7 does not rise. In the shown embodiment, a plate piece is provided as a retaining element 24, which completely covers the bolt housing 22.

As can be further seen in Figure 5 and Figure 6, the first connecting ear 17 and the second connecting ear 19 each have an upper bearing section 25 in contact with the inner side 13a (i.e. with the outer side). opposite the formwork panel 9) of the upper flange 13 and a lower support section 26 in contact with the inner side 14a (that is, with the side opposite the formwork beam 2) of the lower flange 14 of the formwork beam 7 . In this way, a favorable load transfer is achieved when the formwork beams 7 are attached.

As can be seen in particular in Figure 9 and Figure 10, the first connecting ear 17 and the second connecting ear 19 each have a fixing member 27 on the mutually opposite longitudinal sides 15a of the web 15. The Fixing members 27 are inserted into the web 15 in such a way that the first coupling element 18 is arranged in front of the first end face of the I-shaped longitudinal section of the formwork beam 7 and the second coupling element 20 it is arranged in front of the second end face of the I-shaped longitudinal section of the formwork beam 7. At the first and second end, the web 15 of the formwork beam 7 respectively has at least one through-opening 28, in this case two through-openings 28 at longitudinal distances from each other, which, in the assembled state, are aligned with the openings 29 for fixing the first connecting ear 17 and the second connecting ear 19, respectively, to allow the arrangement of fixing elements 30, in this case screws.

Figures 11 to 13 show in detail the support of the formwork beam 7 on the retaining head 6 of the formwork strut 7 . In the shown embodiment, the retaining head 6 has a first connecting element 31 which is arranged for releasable connection with a second connecting element 32 at the first end of a crossbar 33. In the connected state, the crossbar 33 protrudes from the retention head 6 in a horizontal plane substantially perpendicular to the formwork beam 7. A corresponding second connecting element 32 is provided at the second end of the cross member 33, which is hooked into the corresponding first connecting element 31 of the retaining head 6 of the adjacent formwork strut 2 (see FIG. 1). In the shown embodiment, the retaining head 6 has a base body 34 made of metal, where the first connecting element 31 for the crossbar 33 and two hook-shaped gripping elements 35 (which are explained in more detail in connection with the Figure 17 and following) are made in one piece.

As can be seen in Figures 11 to 16, the retaining head 6 of the shown embodiment has two first link elements 31 on opposite longitudinal sides of the retaining head 6 for releasable connection to two cross members 33, so that the strut The formwork, when used, rests on the cross members 33 in both horizontal directions perpendicular to the formwork beams 7 (see Figure 1). The crosspiece 33 has a bar element 33a, in this case, for example, of square section, and supports 33b at the opposite ends of the bar element 33a. The second connecting elements 32, here in the form of retaining bolts, are arranged on the supports 33b which, in the shown embodiment, are designed as fork elements.

As can be seen in Figures 11 to 16, on each longitudinal side of the retaining head 6 there are two first joining elements 31. The first connecting element 31 of the retaining head 6 is a housing 36 for a retaining pin 37 of the crosspiece 33.

As further shown in Figures 11 to 16, the retaining head 6 has a guide hook 38 facing upwards and adjacent to the housing 36, that is, immediately adjacent to the housing 36, of the crossbar 33. The guide hook 38 projects toward angled up from an area of the lower end of the retaining head 6 to facilitate placement of retaining bolt 37 during assembly.

Figures 17 to 20 show the connection of the retaining head 6 with a head plate 39 at the upper end of the upper section 4 of the formwork strut 2. The retaining head 6 has a horizontal base 40 with a top 40a for supporting the formwork beam 7. Protruding from the base 40 are the two gripping elements 35 which, in the assembled state of the formwork beam 7, grip around the two opposite side edges of the lower flange 14 of the formwork beam 7. For this purpose, the gripping elements 35 are designed as angle pieces L. Two security elements 41 are provided at the bottom of the base 40, here in the form of security pins, which, in the installed state of the head 6 retaining devices in the head plate 39, are inserted substantially precisely into the corresponding safety elements 42, here in the form of safety openings, of the head piece 39 of the formwork strut 2. The safety pins are arranged on opposite longitudinal sides of the base 40, each facing one of the gripping elements 35. In the shown embodiment, the safety pins are immovably connected to the base 40 of the retaining head 6.

In addition, a locking element 43 is provided, which can be slid leaving a gap towards the bottom 40b of the base 40 in order to fix the retaining head 6 to the head piece 39 of the formwork strut 2. The locking element 43 is arranged to slide substantially in the longitudinal direction of the retaining head 6. A wedge 44 is provided as locking element 43, which can be moved between a clamping position (see Figures 21 to 26) where the head piece 39 of the formwork prop is clamped and a release position (see Figures 17 to 20) where the head piece 6 of the formwork prop 2 is released. The wedge 44 has two wedge sections 45 spaced apart from each other in the transverse direction of the retaining head 6, which are connected to each other by a cross section 46. In the shown embodiment, a retaining flange 47 is bent downward from each of the opposite transverse sides of the base 40. The retaining flanges 47 each have two openings 48 for slidingly receiving the wedge sections 45 of the wedge 44. The cross section 46 protrudes laterally beyond the wedge sections 45 to such an extent that the wedge 44 is captively disposed in the retaining openings 48 of the retention head 6.

The retaining head 6 also has an anti-twist element 49 to secure the formwork beam 7 against twisting during use. The anti-torsion element 49 is provided with a spring 50 that is movable between a safety position that secures the formwork beam 7 against rotation (see Figure 34 to Figure 37) and an assembly or disassembly position that allows rotation of beam 7 formwork. In the shown embodiment, the spring 50 has a spring clip that can toggle between the locked position and the mounted or dismounted position. In the shown embodiment, the spring 50 has a depression 51 for temporarily fixing a tool (not shown) for transferring the spring 50 from the fixing position to the disassembly position.

The base 40 of the retaining head 6 has a slot 52, where a retaining section 53 of the spring 50 projects upwards through the slot 52 in the clamping position and lowers into the slot 52 in the mounting position or disassembly. The retaining section 53 has a vertical retaining surface 54 which, when in use, is placed on a lateral surface of the lower flange 14 of the formwork beam 7. In addition, the retaining section 53 has a horizontal pressing surface 55 (see Figure 19) which facilitates the transfer from the mounting position to the fixing position. Below the base 40, the spring 50 has a drive section 56 with depression 51 for the tool.

Claims (14)

Yo. Formwork beam (7), comprising: - an upper wing (13), - a lower flange (14) and - a web (15) connecting the upper flange (13) with the lower flange (14), where, at the first end of the formwork beam (7), a first connecting lug (17) with a first coupling part (18) is mounted for releasable longitudinal connection with a second coupling part (20) of a beam (7) of additional formwork, where the first joining ear (17) has a respective fixing member (27) on opposite longitudinal sides of the web (15), where a second joining ear (19) with a second piece (20 ) coupling for releasable longitudinal connection with a first coupling part (18) of the additional formwork beam (7) is mounted on the second end of the formwork beam (7), where a first connecting lug (17) of the additional formwork beam comprises the first coupling piece (18) of the additional formwork beam (7); characterized by - the first connecting ear (17) of the additional formwork beam (7) is identical to the first connecting ear (17) of the formwork beam (7); - The first coupling part (18) of the formwork beam (7) is designed as a hooking member and the second coupling part (20) of the formwork beam (7) is designed as a receiving member, where the first ( 18) and the second coupling piece (20) of the formwork beam (7) are different from each other; and - The first coupling part (18) of the formwork beam (7) or additional formwork beam (7) can be hooked from above into the second coupling part (20) of the formwork beam (7) or additional formwork beam (7). the additional formwork beam (7). Formwork beam (7) according to claim 1, characterized in that a bolt (21) is provided as the first coupling part (18) of the formwork beam (7). Formwork beam (7) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a bolt receptacle (22) is provided as a second coupling element (20) of the formwork beam (7). Formwork beam (7) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the second connecting lug (19) of the formwork beam (7) has a retaining element (24) above the receptacle (22). ) of bolt to prevent lifting. Formwork beam (7) according to claim 4, characterized in that a plate part is provided as retaining element (24). Formwork beam (7) according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the second connecting lug (19) of the formwork beam (7) has an upwardly projecting guide element (23), in particular obliquely upwards from the second coupling part (20) of the formwork beam (7), in particular from the bolt receptacle (22). Formwork beam (7) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the second connecting lug (19) of the formwork beam (7) has an upper support section (25) that rests on the inside the upper wing (13) and/or a lower support section (26) that rests on the inside of the lower wing (14). Formwork beam (7) according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the first connecting lug (17) of the formwork beam (7) has an upper support section (25) that rests on the inside the upper wing (13) and/or a lower support section (26) that rests on the inside of the lower wing (14). Formwork beam (7) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the web (15) has at least one through-opening (28) at the first end, through which an element (30) is guided. ) for fixing, in particular a screw, of the first connecting ear (17). 10. Formwork support device, comprising: - a formwork beam (7) according to one of claims 1 to 9, - an additional formwork beam (7) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first connecting ear (17) of the formwork beam (7) is releasably connected to the second connecting ear (19) of the additional formwork beam (7). 11. Formwork (1) of slabs, comprising: - a plurality of formwork support devices according to claim 10, - a plurality of formwork struts (2) for supporting the formwork support devices. Slab formwork (1) according to claim 11, characterized by - several cross beams (8) that are arranged on the formwork support devices substantially perpendicular to these. Slab formwork (1) according to claim 12, characterized by - several formwork panels (9) that are arranged on the cross beams (8). Slab formwork (1) according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that telescopic struts are provided as formwork struts (2), each with a lower strut section (3) and an upper strut section (4). , where at least some of the formwork struts (2) are free of support legs (10) that protrude from the lower section (3) of the strut.