ES2711166A1 - CASTLE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF FORGED (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Casetón for the construction of floors. The present solution refers to a cassette for the construction of slabs, characterized by a composition structured in layers, which allows the manufacture of cassettes of different sizes without requiring a large number of molds for their manufacture. The coffers thus obtained allow the realization of lightened slabs and easily adaptable to geometric restrictions imposed by the presence of beams, passages of pipes and others imposed by constructive elements. Characterizes the configuration of the cassette a structure in three layers, a base formed by one or more plates of protection against fire and/or noise and/or thermal insulation that allows and adequately supports the suspension of objects. A second layer formed by one or more modules of equal height and a third constituted by one or more covers. These last two layers, when made of foamed material, allow an easy cut to adapt their shape to the restrictions imposed by the presence of elements that must be drawn. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

CASETON FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF FORGED

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present solution refers to a cassette for the construction of slabs, characterized by a composition structured in layers, which allows the manufacture of cassettes of different sizes without requiring a high number of molds for its manufacture.

The cassettes thus obtained allow the realization of lightened slabs and easily adaptable to geometrical restrictions imposed by the presence of beams, steps of pipes and others imposed by constructive elements.

Characterizes the configuration of the cassette a structure in three layers, a base formed by one or more plates of protection against fire and / or noise and / or thermal insulation that allows and adequately supports the suspension of objects. This first layer that can extend beyond the second and third layers to protect and cover the ribs of the floor in the areas that are required. A second layer formed by one or more modules of equal height and a third consisting of one or more caps. These two last layers, when made in foamed material allow an easy cut to adapt their shape to the restrictions imposed by the presence of elements that must be drawn. The ease of cutting is greater when the first layer or base is made with a fiber cement plate, cement core with additives and filling material coated on their faces by a fiberglass mesh or similar.

The configuration of the cassette, according to examples of embodiment, includes easily refillable cavities with acoustic and / or thermal absorption elements that improve the performance of the floor constructed with said cassette against noise and temperature.

Similarly, the second layer formed by one or more modules, according to examples of embodiment, contains guides or housings to support both additional reinforcement elements and rib separator elements that support the reinforcing bars of the floor.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The construction of slabs for the construction of separation pianos between floors, typically floors and ceilings, has followed an evolution tending to lighten its weight while improving its insulation properties both thermal and acoustic, in addition to serving as an effective barrier against fire .

The first solutions of lightweight slabs make use of beams and joists, these second arranged parallel, leaving space to place ceramic vaults that generate hollows or cavities to lighten the resulting slab. After the collocation of these construction elements, the subsequent pouring of concrete fills the spaces between joists and vaults in solidarity with the assembly and also covers it with an upper layer that works with compression. This compression layer is usually equipped with a corrugated steel block, which improves the behavior of the concrete to dilatations and contractions, further improving the distribution of loads.

Although the ceramic vaults are an element that allows to lighten the slab by the presence of large cavities inside, the vault remains a heavy structural element and has other weak points added, such as its fragility and high absorption of water, also have to put caps on their ends so that the concrete does not enter inside.

As an alternative to the vault, it is known to use blocks of foamed material, where the foam is a closed-cell reticular foam that encapsulates a gas or a fluid inside it. This material is of a negligible weight compared to the weight of the concrete and occupies a space that is not invaded by the concrete at the time of the construction of the floor, which leads to a reduction in the weight of the floor and a lower use of steel.

The construction of a floor using blocks or cassettes of expanded polystyrene part of a flat support on which are distributed regularly in rows and / or columns such casetones. The caissons are spaced both between rows and between columns. In these intermediate spaces are inserted in orthogonal directions, corrugated steel bars spaced from the support surface between 25 mm and 40 mm that will lead, after the pouring of concrete, to the ribs of a reticular slab. Likewise, the distribution of mayazo of steel or maya of distribution, in a plane located on the casetones and the later pouring of concrete give rise to the layer of compression, that in this case results in a continuous extension of the reticular structure.

Once the slab has set, it is possible to remove the lower flat support, exposing the foam cassettes.

The foams usually used are either expanded polystyrene (EPS) or expanded polypropylene (EPP).

The problem with this structure is its low resistance to fire, which can be transmitted to neighboring homes. For this reason, it is used with a plaster of 15 mm, in order to comply with the provisions of the CTE ("Technical Building Code"). .

Likewise, the capacity of these caissons to serve as a basis for the suspension of objects is very limited.

Another type of problems that do not solve lightened cages and others known in the state of the art are:

- the inability to offer assistance to the installation,

- the inability to reduce the presence of nerves in floors of garages by the requirement of fire resistance,

- the inability to offer the possibility of carrying out an additional assembly in certain areas without using concrete concretes,

- the inability to offer the possibility of standardizing all separators for two nerve widths and two or three heights,

- the inability to allow the correct distribution and positioning of the spacers and not to move with the pouring of concrete on site, without resorting to welding or other spacers (aircraft type),

- the inability to place the cast marsa on the surface of the polystyrene cassette in a position close to the surface instead of leaving it at the bottom of the compression layer.

The present invention solves the problems identified by a cassette formed by modular elements and a special configuration according to various embodiments.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is a light cassette for the construction of slabs. The cassette is made up of three components:

- a base formed by one or more protective plates in front of the fire;

- one or more modules with an upper surface with a first tongue and groove and a lower surface, opposite the upper surface, joined to the base in such a way that the one or more modules cover one of the main surfaces of the base;

- one or more covers with plate configuration, with an upper surface and a lower surface, the lower surface with a second tongue and groove complementary to the first tongue and groove of the module (s) for joining the lower surface of the lid to the upper surface of the or of the modules.

When using terms such as upper or lower, these refer to the position adopted by the part referred to when the cassette is in its operative position for the construction of the floor. That is, the vertical direction that indicates that it is above or below takes as a reference the direction of the action of gravity and, the horizontal plane corresponds to a plane transverse to the direction defined as vertical.

The slabs are structures generated by pouring concrete on a horizontal plane and, following this orientation, the first component of the cassette is a base formed by one or more plates of protection against fire, and can also be a barrier of protection against noise and / or thermal insulation and is intended to be located in the lower part.

Among other advantages and according to realization examples, the base allows and adequately supports the suspension of objects and is resistant to moisture.

According to other examples of embodiment, the base extends beyond the module or modules it supports to protect and cover the ribs of the floor in its lower part so that these are not exposed.

The slab is built generating a support surface that is removed once the slab has set. On this support surface is on which the base is located and when removing the support surface will be the exposed surface on the underside of the floor. It is the surface on which a fire produced in the space below the slab tends to influence.

Suitable materials for this base are fiber cement panels, ceramic plates or glass wool plates just to put some examples of realization.

On this basis are attached to this, for example by means of adhesive, one or more modules which, according to a preferred example, are formed by prismatic blocks arranged adjacent to each other, totally or partially covering the upper area of the base. Partially in the case of wanting to protect or hide exposed nerves.

The manufacture of these modules in foamed material is simpler than the manufacture of larger elements. The use of these modules allows the manufacture of a piece of reduced size and generate a volume by repetition of this piece. The main advantage of the use of these pieces is the use of a single mold for several sizes of cassette and also a smaller size that minimizes the cost in molds and optimizes its production, by entering more figures in the injection mold and being able to locate them in positions that optimize the space in the matrix.

On the module (s) is placed the cover (s). The module (s) have a tongue and groove on their upper surface that engages with a complementary tongue and groove arranged on the lower surface of the cover (s). This tongue and groove allows access to cavities and guides or supports both of the modules or of the cover (s) that remain hidden once the cover is fitted. Examples of cavities are those which, according to the examples to be described, allow acoustic absorption elements to be accommodated. According to other examples, the cavities are empty, leaving trapped air in their interior as it is one of the best thermal insulators that exist and it also naturally improves the acoustic attenuation.

As in the modules, the lids can also be manufactured in smaller sizes and, with a single size cover a larger module surface making use of a plurality of said lids. This also optimizes the number of modules and the position they adopt in the mold.

According to examples of embodiment that will be described making use of figures, specific cases will be shown where the pieces that make up the cassette solve other problems typical of the construction of slabs, allowing the projections of the cassette lids to raise the mayazo slightly, in addition to the modules allow the addition of spacers that establish the correct positioning of the cassette in the floor during the execution of this and also the increase of the assembly using the internal guides of this is allowed.

When the material is foamed open or closed cell, this configuration allows the cut either of the cover or of the modules, or both to adapt the shape of the cassette to the geometric requirements of the place where it is located. Specific examples of realization will be described with the help of figures.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features and advantages of the invention will be more clearly apparent from the detailed description that follows of a preferred embodiment, given only by way of illustrative and non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying figures .

Figure 1 This figure shows an exploded and perspective view of the set of elements that form a cassette according to a first embodiment.

Figure 2 In this figure is shown in perspective the same embodiment of Figure 1 with the cassette mounted.

Figure 3 This figure shows a perspective of an example of realization of a ceramic element used to give rise to the base.

Figure 4A This figure shows a perspective of an example of realization of a module used to be located on the base.

Figures 4B, 4C and 4D In these figures a plan, elevation and profile respectively of the module shown in Figure 4A are shown.

Figures 4E and 4F In Figure 4E a lower floor of the module shown in Figure 4A is shown where the section plane is defined shown in Figure 4F.

Figures 5A and 5B In these figures, a plan and elevation respectively of an embodiment of the lid is shown.

Figure 6 This figure shows an example of realization of a block intended to improve the acoustic attenuation of the cassette.

Figure 7 This figure shows a second embodiment of a cassette formed by a plurality of modules and a plurality of plates. The view corresponds to an exploded view only of the pieces that form the lid.

Figure 8 In this figure the same embodiment example is shown, also with an exploded view of the pieces that form the lid, where the rebar has been added in the slots that this second embodiment includes for this purpose.

Figure 9 In this figure a plurality of cassettes according to the second embodiment shown in figures 7 and 8 are shown, where the connection between casetons through the rebar is shown.

Figure 10 In this figure a perspective of the cassette according to the second embodiment example with all assembled parts is shown.

Figures 11A, 11B and 11C In these figures the cover of the second embodiment example is shown in plan, profile and elevation respectively. In the plan view and profile the lower face of the lid is observed.

Figure 12A This figure shows an example of cassette realization where the base extends in plan with an area greater than the modules and the covers in such a way that a perimetral plate of protection of the beams of the shuttering is generated.

Figure 12B This figure shows a set of four caissons as shown in Figure 12A located adjacent and in contact to show the area of protection of the beams provided by the perimeter plates of the base plates.

Figure 13 This figure shows an example of realization of a suitable separator to be placed between casetons.

DETAILED EXHIBITION OF THE INVENTION

Figure 1 shows a first example of cassette realization where all the components are shown in exploded perspective.

In the exploded perspective three horizontal levels are shown, a first level formed by a base (1) of protection against the fire formed by three ceramic pieces configured in the form of flat plates arranged adjacent to each other.

According to other examples of embodiment, the base (1) is formed by a fiber cement plate, although it is possible to make use of other bales with structure and composition suitably selected to offer a barrier against fire, and other properties such as insulation thermal and / or acoustic, and that the material placed directly on this plate is not exposed to fire. Among the commercial products there are fiber cement panels, with filling material and coated on their faces by a fiberglass mesh or similar.

The pieces that are located above the base (1), according to this embodiment, are made of closed cell foam foam material that encapsulates a gas or a fluid inside it. In particular, expanded polystyrene (EPS) has been used, although it is also possible, according to another embodiment, to use expanded polypropylene (EPP).

Figure 2 shows the same embodiment of Figure 1 where now the pieces are all joined together, not in exploded view, configuring the cassette.

An example of realization of the ceramic piece is shown in perspective, in figure 3. The piece is configured in the form of plate, with alveoli that lighten the weight and thermally alslan, and grooves on both sides that facilitate bonding with adhesive .

On the base (1) there is a plurality of modules (2). In this embodiment example, 3 modules are used in a parallelepiped shape, elongated according to a longitudinal direction parallel to the base (1) and covering the area of the upper surface of the base (1).

Figure 4A shows a perspective of one of the modules and figures 4B, 4C and 4D show the plan, elevation and profile respectively of the same module.

According to this embodiment, each of the modules has a parallelepiped configuration with a longitudinally centered groove located on its upper surface (2.1). The section of the module is in dovetail and gives place, on the set formed by the 3 modules, to a tongue and groove (2.1.1) or clipping formed by three parallel grooves.

Each of the modules also has a lower surface (2.2), located in opposition to the upper surface (2.1), said lower surface (2.2) attached to the base (1).

Figure 4E shows the lower floor of one of the modules according to the same embodiment. In the plant, a groove (2.2.1) is identified which facilitates the union by adhesive with the base (1) by allowing the reception of adhesive when this adhesive is distributed between the surfaces to be joined and said surfaces are brought under pressure.

In the same figure 4E a dashed line is shown defining the section plane A-A that gives rise to the sectional view represented in figure 4F.

In both figures, 4E and 4F, four cavities (2.2.2) are shown distributed along the length of the module (2) intended to house a block of acoustic absorption foam (4). The cassette assembled from its components as shown in Figure 2, therefore has within its volume a uniform distribution in an intermediate plane of acoustic absorption foam blocks (4) that improve the performance of the resulting floor slab a plurality of caissons like that of this example of embodiment.

In figure 1, a third level formed by a cover (3) of general configuration in the form of a plate is also shown in the upper part. This lid closes the whole assembly superiorly. According to other embodiments, the lid (3) can be formed by a plurality of plates that require the use of molds for minors dimensions.

The connection between the lid (3) and the lower level formed by the plurality of modules is carried out by means of a tongue and groove (3.2.1) or clipped on the lower surface (3.2) of the lid (3). The tongue and groove (3.2.1) of the lid (3) has a shape according to its section in a dovetail complementary to the shape according to its section of the grooves that give rise to the machiembrado (2.1.1) or clipado of the plurality of modules . In this example of realization the lateral walls of the dovetail show a little pronounced inclination and rounded edges favoring clipping by insertion applying force. The compression of the foamed material and the low inclination allow the union by clipping without damaging the tongue and groove (2.1.1) while offering a sufficient union between the module (2) and the lid (3).

Figure 5A shows a plan view of the lid (3) with grooves (3.1.1) that gouge in case of having to cut the lid (3) in parts, when it is necessary to cut the cassette to adapt it to the geometry of the space where you want to build the slab.

The cover (3) also has notches (3.1.2) on its perimeter edge, equidistributed on each of the sides, which allow the insertion of aircraft-type spacers, to be placed in adjacent caissons or other additional supports.

Figure 6 shows in perspective a block of acoustic absorption foam (4) with the upper and lower surfaces finished in pointed configuration to facilitate acoustic wave dampening. The side walls are sectioned according to a plane to facilitate the adjusted entry into the corresponding cavity.

Figure 7 shows a second embodiment of the invention where, unlike the cassette shown in the first embodiment, the third level is formed by three caps (3), arranged one adjacent to the other and parallel to each other. Each of the covers (3) has on its lower surface (3.2) a second tongue and groove (3.2.1) complementary to the first tongue and groove (2.1.1) located in the modules (2) of the second level.

In this embodiment, the first tongue and groove (2.1.1) has a first slot (2.1.2) in the form of a channel facing a second slot (3.2.2) also in the form of a channel located in the second tongue and groove (3.2). .one). Both slots (2.1.2, 3.2.2) they define a space that allows the passage of a reinforcing rod (V) where, when closing the lid (3) the rod (V) is trapped and held in a predetermined position.

The modules (2) also have third grooves (2.1.3) in the form of a channel that allow the passage of additional rods (V), these third grooves (2.1.3) being located on the upper surface (2.1) of the modules, oriented perpendicular to the first grooves (2.1.2) in the form of channels housed in the first tongue and groove (2.1.1) and, located at a higher height with respect to the same first grooves (2.1.2) so that in position operative, the rods (V) that are housed in the first grooves (2.1.2) in channel form and the rods (V) that are housed in the third grooves (2.1.3) in channel form have no mechanical interference .

In figures 11A, 11B and 11C the cover (3) is shown in detail according to the same example of realization in plan, profile and elevation respectively. The cover (3) shows on the lower surface (3.2) the tongue and groove (3.2.1) longitudinal with the groove (3.2.2) that defines the space for the passage of the rod (V). Since the transverse rods (V) that rest on the third grooves (2.1.3) are located at a higher height than the rods (V) that are housed in the tongue and groove (3.2.1) so as not to have any mechanical interference, transverse rods (V) coincide with the tongue and groove (3.2.1) of the cover (3). In figures 11A and 11B it is observed that the tongue and groove (3.2.1) has interruptions (3.2.3) that allow the passage of the transverse rods (V) when the lids (3) are placed on the modules (2) in operational mode.

Figure 11A also showing the lower surface (3.2) of the lid (3) allows to observe a plurality of cavities (3.2.4) that either houses air or acoustic absorption foam blocks (4) to improve the performance of the forged resulting to increase its thermal and / or acoustic insulation.

Figure 8 shows the same cassette with the rods (V) housed in their corresponding slots (2.1.2, 2.1.3, 3.2.2) and also checked as a first set of rods (V), the one located on the surface of the modules (2), is perpendicular to a second set of rods (V), the one located inside the tongue and groove joints (2.1.1, 3.2.1).

Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10 show the upper surface (3.1) of the lid (3) with sets of four support and glulate projections (3.1.3) forming a square. As shown in Figure 9, the coffers are distributed forming a Cartesian reticle, with a separation between contiguous casettes, to leave a space that allows the entrance of the concrete by configuring between support beams that mainly work with flexion.

The rods (V) described in FIG. 8 can be seen passing from cassette to cassette, leaving the rod section (V) located between open casetons. These sections of rod (V) are those that are embedded in the concrete that is poured to configure the slab.

In the same figure 9 the use of the four support and glulate projections (3.1.3) is shown, configuring a square. The separation between cassettes is ensured by a separator (S) configured in a "U" shape with the upper ends bent outwards at 90 ° C. Figure 13 shows in elevation an example of realization of the separator (S). of these ends is lodged between two pairs of projections (3.1.3) of both casetons assuring their position.The width of the "U" shape of the separator (S) establishes the separation between casetons so it is not necessary to measure the separation when the casetons are placed on the support surface before pouring the concrete. The separators (S) are also part of the ferralla that is embedded inside the concrete forming part of the beams that are configured between casetones.

Figure 10 shows a cassette according to the second embodiment example without the pieces being in exploded perspective and the cavities destined to receive the rods (V) are shown.

Figure 12A shows an example of realization of cassette where the base (1) has an extension greater than the base of the set of modules (2) that are placed on the base (1). This greater extension of the base (1) results in a perimetral plate (P) that is located, once the slab is built, below the beam formed between casetons and covering its lower surface. This shaped cassette establishes a barrier against fire for the beams built with the slab. This protection is achieved when the perimeter plate (P) determines the separation between cassettes, that is, the edges of the perimeter plate (P) remain in contact during assembly.

Figure 12B shows the arrangement of four adjacent caissons, as they are arranged before pouring the concrete, where the perimeter plates of each one of them give rise to a surface that covers the beams in the form of a grid.

Claims (29)

1. Caseton for the construction of slabs, characterized in that it comprises: - a base (1) formed by one or more plates of protection against fire; - one or more modules (2) with an upper surface (2.1) with a first tongue and groove (2.1.1) and a lower surface (2.2), opposite the upper surface (2.1), attached to the base (1) of such so that the one or more modules (2) cover one of the main surfaces of the base (1); - one or more covers (3) with plate configuration, with an upper surface (3.1) and a lower surface (3.2), the lower surface (3.2) with a second tongue and groove (3.2.1) complementary to the first tongue and groove (2.1. 1) of the module (s) (2) for joining the lower surface (3.2) of the cover (3) with the upper surface (2.1) of the module (s) (2). 2. Caseton according to claim 1, characterized in that the base (1) is one or more ceramic pieces in the form of a plate. 3. Caseton according to claim 1, characterized in that the base (1) is one or more pieces of rock wool board. ^{4. Caseton according to re} v ^{indication 1, characterized in that the base (1) is one or more} fibre-cement board ^pieces with filling material and covered on its faces by a fiber mesh, preferably glass. Cassette according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the modules (2) are configured as longitudinal elements arranged in parallel and adjacent. Caseton according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the modules (2) are prismatic rectangular. Caseton according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that the first tongue and groove (2.1.1) of the modules (2) and the second tongue and groove (3.2.1) of the cover (3) complementary to the first tongue and groove (2.1.1) ) has a longitudinal configuration. Caseton according to the previous claim, characterized in that the first tongue and groove (2.1.1) of the modules (2) and the second tongue and groove (3.2.1) of the cover (3) has a configuration according to its dovetail section . 9. Caseton according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more modules (2) comprise at least one cavity (2.2.2) that houses either air or an acoustic absorption foam (4). 10. Caseton according to claim 8, characterized in that the at least one cavity (2.2.2) is arranged on the lower surface (2.2) of the module (2). Caseton according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper surface (3.1) of the cover (s) (3) is grooved with pre-cut grooves (3.1.1). Caseton according to the previous claim, characterized in that the grooves (3.1.1) of pre-cut grooving are configured in a cartesian lattice. Caseton according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lids (3) are designed as longitudinal plate elements arranged in parallel and adjacent. 14. Caseton according to the previous claim, characterized in that the lids (3) are rectangular in plan. Caseton according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more lids (3) comprise at least one cavity (3.2.4) that houses either air or an acoustic absorption foam (4). 16. Caseton according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the at least one cavity (3.2.4) is arranged on the lower surface (3.2) of the lid (3). Caseton according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover (3) comprises notches (3.1.2) at its perimeter edge for the insertion of spacers to be placed in adjacent cassettes. 18. Caseton according to any of the claims, characterized in that the or covers (3) comprises a group of projections (3.1.3) for the fastening of a spacer (S) of spacing between casetons in the construction of the floor. Caseton according to the previous claim, characterized in that the separator (S) is configured in a "U" shape with the upper ends bent outwards at 90 ° degrees. Caseton according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that it is of rectangular configuration. 21. Caseton according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base (1) extends over a larger area than the modules (2) that have been placed on it, giving rise to a perimeter plate (P) for protection of the formwork beams. . Caseton according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the module (s) (2) comprises on its upper surface (2.1) a groove (2.1.3) in the form of a channel for receiving rebar rods (V). Caseton according to the previous claim, characterized in that the cover (3) comprises interruptions (3.2.3) of its tongue and groove (3.2.1) to allow the passage of the rods (V) housed in the grooving (2.1.3) of the upper surface (2.1) of the modules (2) when said grooving (2.1.3) is transverse to the tongue and groove (3.2.1). Caseton according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the block (s) (2) comprises, in its first tongue and groove (2.1.1), a groove (2.1.2) in the form of a channel for receiving rebar (V) rods. 25. Caseton according to the previous claim, characterized in that the second tongue and groove (3.2.1) of the cover (3) corresponding to the first tongue and groove (2.1.1) has a groove (3.2.2) in the form of a channel facing the grooving ( 2.1.2) in the form of a channel of the first tongue and groove, to receive rods (V) of ferralla between one and another grooving (3.2.2, 2.1.2). Caseton according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plurality of modules (2), the cover (3), or both, are made of closed cell foam foam material that encapsulates a gas or a fluid inside it . Caseton according to the previous claim, characterized in that the foamed material of closed cell lattice foam is either expanded polystyrene (EPS) or expanded polypropylene (EPP). 28. Caseton according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the number of modules (2) is 3. 29. Caseton according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the number of covers (3) is 3.