ES2569118T3 - Red interpenetrada de polímeros de intercambio de aniones, su método de fabricación y su uso - Google Patents

Red interpenetrada de polímeros de intercambio de aniones, su método de fabricación y su uso Download PDF

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ES2569118T3
ES2569118T3 ES10727091.0T ES10727091T ES2569118T3 ES 2569118 T3 ES2569118 T3 ES 2569118T3 ES 10727091 T ES10727091 T ES 10727091T ES 2569118 T3 ES2569118 T3 ES 2569118T3
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rip
radical polymerization
manufacturing
anion exchange
interpenetrated
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Philippe Stevens
Fouad Ghamouss
Odile Fichet
Christian Sarrazin
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Electricite de France SA
CY Cergy Paris Universite
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Electricite de France SA
Universite de Cergy Pontoise
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
    • C08J3/246—Intercrosslinking of at least two polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
    • H01M8/1044—Mixtures of polymers, of which at least one is ionically conductive
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
    • C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
    • C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
    • C08J5/2275—Heterogeneous membranes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides
    • C08L71/03—Polyepihalohydrins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
    • H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M8/083—Alkaline fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
    • C08J2300/20—Polymers characterized by their physical structure
    • C08J2300/208—Interpenetrating networks [IPN]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)

Abstract

Método de fabricación de un material polimérico de intercambio de aniones que tiene una estructura de tipo red interpenetrada de polímeros (RIP) o de tipo red semi-interpenetrada de polímeros (semi-RIP), comprendiendo el método las siguientes etapas sucesivas: (A) preparación de una solución reactiva homogénea que comprende, en un disolvente orgánico apropiado, (a) al menos un polímero orgánico portador de grupos halógenos reactivos, (b) al menos una diamina terciaria, (c) al menos un monómero que comprende una insaturación etilénica polimerizable mediante polimerización radicalaria, y (d) opcionalmente al menos un agente de reticulación que comprende al menos dos insaturaciones etilénicas polimerizables mediante polimerización radicalaria, y (e) al menos un iniciador de polimerización radicalaria, (B) calentamiento de la solución preparada en la etapa (A) hasta una temperatura y durante un periodo de tiempo suficientes para permitir a la vez una reacción de sustitución nucleófila entre los componentes (a) y (b) y una reacción de copolimerización radicalaria de los componentes (c) y opcionalmente (d) iniciada por el componente (e).

Description

imagen1
imagen2
imagen3
imagen4
imagen5
imagen6
ensayos electroquímicos.
La Figura 3 muestra las curvas de polarización obtenidas por una celda de este tipo. La curva (a) corresponde a una celda con un electrodo de aire no modificado, la curva (b) a una celda con un Electrodo Compuesto B (ejemplo 4), la
5 curva (c) a una celda con un Electrodo Compuesto A (ejemplo 4) y la curva (d) a una celda con un electrodo cubierto por una membrana comercial basada en una red (no RIP) de PECH reticulada incorporada en una estructura porosa inerte de polipropileno (membrana comercializada por la sociedad ERAS LABO).
Se observa que la polarización del electrodo de aire modificado con la membrana comercial es muy elevada y supera -1 V para una densidad de corriente solamente de -10 mA.cm-2. Por lo tanto, el uso de una membrana de este tipo en las condiciones que se han descrito anteriormente, es decir, la puesta en contacto directamente con el electrodo de aire en ausencia de una solución de membrana, es imposible. Por el contrario, las polarizaciones registradas para los electrodos de aire compuestos de acuerdo con la presente invención (curvas (b) y (c)) son casi idénticas de forma ventajosa a la del electrodo de aire desnudo. La adición de estas membranas sobre el electrodo
15 no induce por lo tanto una disminución de potencia significativa en el dispositivo a estas densidades de corriente. El contacto iónico entre las membranas RIP y el electrodo de aire es satisfactorio en ausencia de cualquier solución de membrana.
Ejemplo 6
Estabilidad en medio alcalino de los electrodos de aire
Se realizan dispositivos de ensayo electroquímico con
25 (i) un electrodo de aire no modificado (desnudo)
(ii) un electrodo de aire de acuerdo con la invención modificado con un RIP (Electrodo Compuesto A del ejemplo 4)
(iii) un electrodo de aire comparativo, modificado con una membrana de PECH-DABCO al 100 %.
La membrana de PECH-DABCO al 100 % (espesor de 100 µm) se prepara por calentamiento de una solución de PECH-DABCO (100 g/l en una mezcla de etanol/butanona (80/20)) durante 12 horas a 60 ºC.
Las medidas de polarización se realizan con respecto a un electrodo de Hg/HgO con una densidad de corriente de 10 mA.cm-2. Antes del comienzo de la descarga, los electrodos modificados se equilibran durante 2 horas y la celda
35 electroquímica descrita anteriormente que contiene LiOH a 2 mol.l-1.
La Figura 4 muestra la evolución de la polarización en descarga de los electrodos de aire (i), (ii) y (iii) descritos anteriormente.
El electrodo de aire (ii) de acuerdo con la invención resiste durante más de 100 horas en descargas en hidroxilo de litio mientras que el periodo de duración de los dos electrodos comparativos (i) y (iii) no supera de 20 a 30 horas.
Con una solución saturada de hidróxido de litio se obtienen resultados similares.
45 Ejemplo 7
Síntesis de una membrana RIP de acuerdo con la invención que asocia una red de PECH reticulada y una red basada en un componente (cd)
Se disuelven 0,95 g de dimetacrilato de polietilenglicol (PEGDMA, Mn = 750 g.mol-1) y 0,047 g de AIBN en 4 ml de una solución de poliepiclorhidrina modificada con un 12 % de DABCO (100 g.l-1). La solución se desgasifica con flujo de argón y con agitación durante 30 minutos a temperatura ambiente. A continuación, la solución se coloca en un molde formado por dos placas de vidrio (5 cm x 5 cm) separadas por una junta de Teflon® de 1 mm de espesor. El mol de lleno se coloca en un horno a 60 ºC durante 16 horas. La membrana RIP obtenida después del moldeo es
55 homogénea y transparente y se puede manipular fácilmente.
La proporción ponderal de PEGDMA/PECH reticulada del material RIP es de 71/29.
Los resultados del análisis termomecánico dinámico del material RIP obtenido de este modo se representan
-
en la Figura 5 que muestra la evolución de los módulos de conservación de la membrana RIP y de las redes simples correspondientes (sintetizadas por separado), y
-
en la Figura 6 que presentan las curvas de tan δ (tan δ = módulo de pérdida/módulo de conservación) correspondientes en función de la temperatura.
65 Para la membrana RIP se observa una sola relajación mecánica. El módulo de la bandeja de goma en el RIP (1,5
8
imagen7

Claims (1)

  1. imagen1
    imagen2
ES10727091.0T 2009-05-06 2010-05-04 Red interpenetrada de polímeros de intercambio de aniones, su método de fabricación y su uso Active ES2569118T3 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0953021A FR2945292B1 (fr) 2009-05-06 2009-05-06 Reseau interpenetre de polymeres echangeur d'anions, son procede de fabrication et son utilisation
FR0953021 2009-05-06
PCT/FR2010/050846 WO2010128242A1 (fr) 2009-05-06 2010-05-04 Reseau interpenetre de polymeres echangeur d'anions, son procede de fabrication et son utilisation

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US (2) US9136550B2 (es)
EP (1) EP2427513B1 (es)
JP (1) JP5548767B2 (es)
KR (1) KR101596876B1 (es)
CN (1) CN102482432B (es)
CA (1) CA2761076C (es)
DK (1) DK2427513T3 (es)
ES (1) ES2569118T3 (es)
FR (1) FR2945292B1 (es)
SG (1) SG175878A1 (es)
WO (1) WO2010128242A1 (es)

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CN102482432A (zh) 2012-05-30
JP2012526169A (ja) 2012-10-25
KR101596876B1 (ko) 2016-02-23
FR2945292B1 (fr) 2011-05-27
DK2427513T3 (en) 2016-05-09
SG175878A1 (en) 2011-12-29
US9136550B2 (en) 2015-09-15
US20120058413A1 (en) 2012-03-08
CA2761076A1 (fr) 2010-11-11
EP2427513A1 (fr) 2012-03-14
FR2945292A1 (fr) 2010-11-12
KR20120017062A (ko) 2012-02-27
CA2761076C (fr) 2016-05-03
US20160049679A1 (en) 2016-02-18
JP5548767B2 (ja) 2014-07-16
EP2427513B1 (fr) 2016-02-10
US9911999B2 (en) 2018-03-06
CN102482432B (zh) 2014-04-02
WO2010128242A1 (fr) 2010-11-11

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