ES253662A1 - Procedimiento para la preparacion de derivados de la fenilalanina - Google Patents
Procedimiento para la preparacion de derivados de la fenilalaninaInfo
- Publication number
- ES253662A1 ES253662A1 ES0253662A ES253662A ES253662A1 ES 253662 A1 ES253662 A1 ES 253662A1 ES 0253662 A ES0253662 A ES 0253662A ES 253662 A ES253662 A ES 253662A ES 253662 A1 ES253662 A1 ES 253662A1
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- compounds
- group
- substituted
- acid esters
- esters
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229940093740 amino acid and derivative Drugs 0.000 title 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 18
- -1 imino, oximino, benzylimino Chemical group 0.000 abstract 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 5
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 abstract 4
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 4
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 3
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 abstract 3
- MLIREBYILWEBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanoacetic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC#N MLIREBYILWEBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 abstract 3
- 125000004970 halomethyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 abstract 3
- 125000000229 (C1-C4)alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- VKFDROJPHCZDTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyano-3-phenylpropanoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C(C#N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VKFDROJPHCZDTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- UGWULZWUXSCWPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one Chemical compound O=C1CNC(=S)N1 UGWULZWUXSCWPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- QIAFMBKCNZACKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-benzoylglycine Chemical compound OC(=O)CNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QIAFMBKCNZACKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000006894 reductive elimination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- XWJRDQPRIBPEMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-acetamidoacetyl) 2-acetamidoacetate Chemical compound CC(=O)NCC(=O)OC(=O)CNC(C)=O XWJRDQPRIBPEMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- CDUQMGQIHYISOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyano-3-phenylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C(C#N)=CC1=CC=CC=C1 CDUQMGQIHYISOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- RFSUEJIDSYCCLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dibenzylidenepiperazine-2,5-dione Chemical class O=C1NC(=CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)NC1=CC1=CC=CC=C1 RFSUEJIDSYCCLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- IVDCWEPTMADYRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-amino-2-benzyl-3-oxopropanoic acid Chemical class NC(=O)C(C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IVDCWEPTMADYRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- XMIIGOLPHOKFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylpropionic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 XMIIGOLPHOKFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- XYVMOLOUBJBNBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-1,3-oxazol-2-one Chemical class OC1=NC=CO1 XYVMOLOUBJBNBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- NPVAZTAYBXEZHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-benzylidene-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one Chemical class C1OC(=O)NC1=CC1=CC=CC=C1 NPVAZTAYBXEZHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- OKJIRPAQVSHGFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-acetylglycine Chemical compound CC(=O)NCC(O)=O OKJIRPAQVSHGFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006085 Schmidt reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- WDJHALXBUFZDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetoacetic acid Chemical class CC(=O)CC(O)=O WDJHALXBUFZDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000005219 aminonitrile group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000852 azido group Chemical group *N=[N+]=[N-] 0.000 abstract 1
- CLRSZXHOSMKUIB-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzenediazonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].N#[N+]C1=CC=CC=C1 CLRSZXHOSMKUIB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000440 benzylamino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C([H])([H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000005518 carboxamido group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000911 decarboxylating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006114 decarboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydantoin Chemical compound O=C1CNC(=O)N1 WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940091173 hydantoin Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001469 hydantoins Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- JUINSXZKUKVTMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen azide Chemical compound N=[N+]=[N-] JUINSXZKUKVTMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- BTNMPGBKDVTSJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N keto-phenylpyruvic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BTNMPGBKDVTSJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 abstract 1
- RGHXWDVNBYKJQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroacetic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C[N+]([O-])=O RGHXWDVNBYKJQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 abstract 1
- BXRNXXXXHLBUKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperazine-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1CNC(=O)CN1 BXRNXXXXHLBUKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/02—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/34—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton containing six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C229/36—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton containing six-membered aromatic rings with at least one amino group and one carboxyl group bound to the same carbon atom of the carbon skeleton
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
- A61K31/198—Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/275—Nitriles; Isonitriles
- A61K31/277—Nitriles; Isonitriles having a ring, e.g. verapamil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C255/01—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C255/32—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C255/41—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring the carbon skeleton being further substituted by carboxyl groups, other than cyano groups
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US775719A US3023235A (en) | 1958-11-24 | 1958-11-24 | New amino acids and derivatives thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES253662A1 true ES253662A1 (es) | 1960-06-16 |
Family
ID=25105269
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES0253662A Expired ES253662A1 (es) | 1958-11-24 | 1959-11-23 | Procedimiento para la preparacion de derivados de la fenilalanina |
| ES0253663A Expired ES253663A1 (es) | 1958-11-24 | 1959-11-23 | Procedimiento para la preparacion de derivados de la fenilalanina |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES0253663A Expired ES253663A1 (es) | 1958-11-24 | 1959-11-23 | Procedimiento para la preparacion de derivados de la fenilalanina |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3023235A (es) |
| BE (1) | BE584914A (es) |
| ES (2) | ES253662A1 (es) |
| FR (2) | FR1309811A (es) |
| GB (1) | GB917435A (es) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3505385A (en) * | 1962-10-11 | 1970-04-07 | Merck & Co Inc | Alpha-lower alkanoylamino - alpha - hydroxy and/or methoxy substituted benzyl propionitriles |
| NL299155A (es) * | 1962-10-11 | |||
| CH441362A (de) * | 1963-12-24 | 1967-08-15 | Hoffmann La Roche | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Phenylalaninderivaten |
| US4070478A (en) * | 1977-02-17 | 1978-01-24 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Benzimidazole substituted alanines |
| US4271187A (en) * | 1978-06-05 | 1981-06-02 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Substituted phenyl alanine antihypertensive agents |
| ZA794723B (en) * | 1978-09-11 | 1980-08-27 | Univ Miami | Anti-hypertensive agents |
| US4421767A (en) * | 1981-06-01 | 1983-12-20 | Merrell Toraude Et Compagnie | Compounds and methods for treating depression |
| US5238958A (en) * | 1990-02-26 | 1993-08-24 | Warner-Lambert Company | Substituted α-amino acids having selected acidic moieties for use as excitatory amino acid antagonists in pharmaceuticals |
| GB9217331D0 (en) * | 1992-08-14 | 1992-09-30 | Xenova Ltd | Pharmaceutical compounds |
| GB9402809D0 (en) * | 1994-02-14 | 1994-04-06 | Xenova Ltd | Pharmaceutical compounds |
| US6229011B1 (en) * | 1997-08-22 | 2001-05-08 | Hoffman-La Roche Inc. | N-aroylphenylalanine derivative VCAM-1 inhibitors |
| ES2218116T3 (es) | 1999-02-18 | 2004-11-16 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Derivados de fenilalaninol. |
| SI1154993T1 (en) | 1999-02-18 | 2004-12-31 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Thioamide derivatives |
| CA2422617C (en) * | 2000-10-30 | 2011-07-12 | Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. | Tripeptidyl peptidase inhibitors |
| US7041681B2 (en) * | 2002-04-29 | 2006-05-09 | Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. | Compounds as opioid receptor modulators |
| US7022872B2 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2006-04-04 | Molecular Technologies, Inc. | Method for making fluorine labeled L-Dopa |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2833810A (en) * | 1956-03-05 | 1958-05-06 | American Cyanamid Co | O-alkyltyrosine esters |
-
0
- BE BE584914D patent/BE584914A/xx unknown
-
1958
- 1958-11-24 US US775719A patent/US3023235A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1959
- 1959-11-20 GB GB39412/59A patent/GB917435A/en not_active Expired
- 1959-11-23 ES ES0253662A patent/ES253662A1/es not_active Expired
- 1959-11-23 ES ES0253663A patent/ES253663A1/es not_active Expired
- 1959-11-23 FR FR810995A patent/FR1309811A/fr not_active Expired
-
1960
- 1960-08-31 FR FR837349A patent/FR555M/fr active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US3023235A (en) | 1962-02-27 |
| FR1309811A (fr) | 1962-11-23 |
| FR555M (es) | 1961-05-29 |
| GB917435A (en) | 1963-02-06 |
| BE584914A (es) | |
| ES253663A1 (es) | 1960-06-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| ES253663A1 (es) | Procedimiento para la preparacion de derivados de la fenilalanina | |
| GB1478364A (en) | 3-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl-pyrazoles | |
| ES341453A1 (es) | Procedimiento para la preparacion de derivados de fenilala-nina. | |
| GB1419074A (en) | Process for manufacturing substituted thiophene compounds | |
| GB1195628A (en) | Aroyl-Substituted Pyrroles | |
| ES267249A1 (es) | Procedimiento para la obtencion de pirazolo-pirimidinas nuevas | |
| US3032581A (en) | Phenylalanine derivatives | |
| GB1491863A (en) | 2,5-or 2,6-disubstituted benzoxazoles | |
| GB1511571A (en) | Lactam compounds and conjugates | |
| GB1432649A (es) | ||
| GB1067796A (en) | Improvements in or relating to the control of weeds | |
| GB1152885A (en) | Indazole-3-yl-Oxyalkanoic Acids and process for the preparation thereof | |
| ES350186A1 (es) | Procedimiento para la preparacion de derivados de furazan. | |
| ES270386A1 (es) | Procedimiento para la obtenciën de derivados de alanina | |
| GB1026509A (en) | New derivatives of n-substituted ª-amino acids and processes for their production | |
| GB1534527A (en) | Cyclopropanecarboxylates for systemic control of ectoparasites | |
| ES293930A1 (es) | Un procedimiento para la preparaciën de penicilinas | |
| GB796069A (en) | Substituted hydantoins | |
| GB1104317A (en) | Hydrazino-acids | |
| GB1095185A (en) | Phenylalanine derivatives | |
| GB1050729A (es) | ||
| GB715813A (en) | Improvements in derivatives of pyrimidine | |
| FR2189385A1 (en) | Hydroxy-2 ethylimino diacetonitrile - as detergent additive replacing phos-phates by reacting ethylene oxide with imino diacetonitrile | |
| GB1490680A (en) | Preparation of d,l-panto-lactone | |
| DE69017872D1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von symmetrischen Azodinitrildicarbonsäuren aus Ketosäuren. |