ES2470140T3 - Apparatus and procedure for forming a motif in a ceramic tile or tile with a predetermined thickness - Google Patents

Abstract

Procedure for forming a ceramic tile or tile with a predetermined thickness having a motif that extends throughout the entire thickness, comprising the following steps: - preparing at least two pastes of different colors; - put each paste obtained in a separate tank (100); - supplying said at least two pastes to a pattern forming unit (200); - move the pattern forming unit (200) on a training tray (300) to dispense the pastes to the tray according to a desired reason; - subjecting the forming tray (300) to a filter press to remove excess water and to form a raw ceramic tile with a motif that extends throughout the entire thickness; - Dry and cook the raw tile.

Description

Apparatus and procedure for forming a motif in a ceramic tile or tile with a predetermined thickness.

Background of the invention

In the ceramic tile industry, much effort is invested in developing technologies and procedures to produce ceramic tiles with a desired motive. The industry has moved from producing tiles with the desired motif only on the top layer or only on the surface layer to producing tiles with the desired motif that extends across the entire thickness of the tile.

One of the known methods of doing this is to load dry earth powder into a container and then discharge said content through the opening of discharge tubes of said container into a vertical compartment forming layers of different types and colors of ground dust. within that compartment. Said compartment is then rotated 90 degrees to transfer the content to a horizontal mold. The content is then pressed with itself under high pressure transforming it into a ceramic tile. Different layers of different types of ground dust and colors translate into the motif of the tile. However, the problem associated with this procedure is that there are difficulties in controlling the amount of ground dust delivered to the compartment, resulting in an inability to regulate and modify the bandwidth of the colors. Thus, the reasons that can be obtained are limited. In addition, the rotation of the compartment causes the earth grains to move, resulting in a distortion of the motif. Thus, the tiles obtained must undergo an additional surface treatment after cooking to reveal the motive.

European patent EP 1 273 408 and international publication WO 2004071733 describe a technique for making a continuous streak of motifs that extend across the entire thickness of tiles. However, there is still the possibility that surface layer materials mix with each other causing the desired motif to be distorted. Therefore, there has been a need to remove these mixed materials in the surface layer by suction before pressing in order to obtain motifs that are visible without having to polish the top surfaces of ceramic tiles after cooking.

European patent EP 1 334 811 describes a technique for making motifs in the entire mass of ceramic tiles characterized by a double pressing which first comprises a low pressure compaction. The compacted ceramic tiles are then decorated by an inkjet system to apply, according to the design, special ceramic colors that can penetrate the mass of the tile. However, due to this technique, the appearance of the motifs in the mass of the tile is somewhat blurred or partial and the level of the depth of penetration of the motif is not deep enough to provide the motif to the lower layer of The mass of the tile.

Documents CN 2054409 U, CN 100546788 C and CN 1083799 A describe procedures and apparatus for forming a motif in a raw ceramic tile.

The compositions are imperfectly mixed in such a way that they generate a motif that does not extend across the entire thickness of the body because the material is not first supplied to a pattern forming unit before being supplied to the filter press.

US Patent No. 6,361,735 describes the use of a sieve mold to which the pressurized material is supplied, the filtering action being due to the pressure of the material supplied without any external mechanical action.

All the above known methods and apparatus comprise the compaction of powder material.

Scope of the invention

The scope of the invention is to provide an apparatus and method for forming a motif in ceramic tiles with a predetermined thickness, wherein the motif extends throughout the entire thickness of the tiles. The process of forming the motif mimics the formation of natural rocks so that the motif obtained closely resembles a motif of natural rocks. The apparatus is equipped with means for controlling the position, quantity and order of different types and different colors of a paste to form predetermined or desired motifs. Another object of the invention is that, using the apparatus according to the principles described herein, the tile obtained will be of consistent thickness and size.

The scope is achieved by an apparatus and by a procedure having the characteristics mentioned in independent claims 1 and 20.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is described with the help of the attached motives, in which:

Figure 1 shows a side view and a top view of an embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention

Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the pattern forming assembly of the apparatus according to Figure 1 distributing the paste to a pattern forming tray

Figure 3 shows another embodiment of the pattern formation assembly according to Figure 2, in which the pattern formation assembly is equipped with stirring means

Figure 4 shows another embodiment of the pattern formation assembly according to Figure 2 or Figure 3, in which the pattern formation assembly is further equipped with a pattern receiving tray

Figure 5 shows another embodiment of the reason receiving tray

Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the motif formation accessories

Figure 7 shows an embodiment of the pattern formation tray

Figure 8 shows a side view and a top view of the embodiment of the apparatus according to Figure 1 using the pattern formation assembly according to Figure 3

Figure 9 shows a side view and a top view of the embodiment of the apparatus according to Figure 1 using the embodiment of the reason receiving tray according to Figure 5

Figure 10 shows the pattern forming tray moving towards the filter press unit

Figure 11 shows the filter pressing unit and its upper punch and lower punch

Figure 12 shows the filter pressing unit in different operating positions.

Detailed discussion of the preferred embodiment of the invention

The process of the invention provides for the use of a paste-shaped material instead of a powder-shaped material.

The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for forming a desired motif in ceramic tiles with a predetermined thickness from a paste-shaped material.

By using the apparatus and the method according to the invention, the desired motive is achieved by controlling the position, quantity and order of different types and colors of a paste, for which purpose a predetermined quantity and order of the paste are deposited in a position default in a reason receiving tray. The paste is then pressed into a press filter unit to form a raw ceramic tile prepared for further decoration and cooking.

For purposes of explanation, various embodiments of the apparatus and the method according to the invention will be given by way of non-limiting examples. Therefore, the apparatus and the procedure are not limited only to the specific embodiments described herein.

We will first describe the device and then the procedure.

A preferred embodiment of the apparatus for forming desired patterns in ceramic tiles with a predetermined thickness (1) comprises pulp container tanks 100, a pattern forming unit 200 connected to pulp container tanks 100 by supply tubes, a tray of pattern formation 300, pattern decoration accessories 400 and a press filter unit 500 operating operationally in a flow as shown in Figure 1, wherein the pattern formation unit dispenses a predetermined type, quantity and colors of paste in a predetermined order to the pattern forming tray to form a desired pattern, and said paste with a desired pattern is pressed with the filter press unit to form ceramic tiles or tiles with a desired pattern extending through full thickness Each component of the apparatus will now be described in detail.

Paste container tank (100)

The container tank 100 is capable of containing the earth paste to be used to produce the tiles. There could be more than one container container 100 to contain different types and colors of pasta. The container tank 100 has means to reduce the precipitation of the paste to favor the flow or plasticity of the paste

towards the motive formation unit. For example, the inside of the tank may be equipped with at least one agitator 110 in order to induce the movement of the paste, or the container tank 100 may be seated on a movable base (not shown) so that the movement of the tank container 100 make the inner contents move continuously. In addition, to improve the flow of the paste, the container 100, if required, may be equipped with a heating unit (not shown) provided with means to control the temperature of the paste to a desired range in order to reduce the viscosity of the paste. The pressure is maintained within the container tank 100. The container tank 100 is connected to supply tubes 105 to supply the paste to a pattern forming unit 200.

Motive Training Unit (200)

As shown in Figure 2, the pattern forming unit 200 is connected to the paste container tank 100 by the supply tubes 105. The pattern formation unit 200 can accommodate more than one supply tube 105 in which The paste is supplied at controlled pressure (or at controlled pressure and / or controlled temperature). The supply tube 105 in the pattern formation unit 200 is equipped with a valve 205 in order to regulate the quantity and color of the paste to be dispensed to the pattern formation unit

200. The end of the supply tube 105 within the pattern forming unit 200 is equipped with a removable end piece 210 with desired configurations and extreme configurations. A different configuration of the end piece 210 and its end contribute to vary the motive that is formed or to produce predetermined motifs.

The pattern forming unit 200 has a pulp-containing portion 215 capable of containing the pulp dispensed from the supply tubes 105. Different types and colors of the pulp are allowed to be mixed in this portion to create different lines and stripes. The end of the pattern forming unit 200 is equipped with a removable dispensing element 220. The opening end of the dispensing element 220 may be of any desired known configuration to create another variation of the lines and stripes once the paste is dispensed to the pattern forming tray 300. In another embodiment, the dispensing element 220 can be equipped with a valve 225 to regulate the amount and speed of the paste being dispensed, as shown in the figure 2. In another embodiment (not shown), the pattern forming unit 200 is equipped with more than one dispensing element 220. The dispensing element 220 is capable of rotating in a circular motion according to the predetermined position. and the colors of the paste to be deposited in the pattern formation tray 300. In addition, the complete pattern formation unit 200 is also capable of moving around as the directions, such as left, right, back and forth, or in a circular motion in relation to the shape and size of the pattern formation tray 300. There could be more than one pattern formation unit 200 dispensing the paste to the same pattern formation tray 300 to deposit the desired type and color combinations in a desired position to create a desired or predetermined pattern.

The movement of the pattern forming unit 200, the speed of the movement as a whole, the movement of the dispensing element 220 and the degree of opening of the valve 205 fitted into the supply tubes and / or the valve end 225 of the dispensing element 220 are regulated by a software application developed for these purposes, in which a desired motif in the application has been precoded.

In another embodiment of the pattern forming unit 200, as shown in Figure 3, the pattern forming unit 200 is equipped with means to favor or maintain the flow of the paste. Said means are defined as at least one agitator 230 located within the pulp-containing portion 215. The agitator 230 not only favors and maintains the flow of the paste, but also aids in mixing and kneading the pasta. The configuration and speed of movement of the agitator movement 230 also help to create motifs with different characteristics, since the size and speed of the agitator will affect the size of the lines and strips of the paste that is dispensed therefrom.

Figure 4 shows a further embodiment of the pattern formation unit 200. In this embodiment, the pattern formation unit 200 is further equipped with a pattern reception tray

235. This particular embodiment is suitable for producing a ceramic tile or tile with assorted colors or motifs or a tile or tile with different shades of color. In this embodiment, the paste is dispensed from the dispensing element 220 to a pattern receiving tray 235 and is then dispensed to the pattern formation tray 300 instead of being dispensed directly to the pattern formation tray 300. When the paste is dispensed from the pattern forming tray, the desired pattern is formed.

The pasta receiving tray 235 is mobile through the pattern forming tray 300 and comprises a body 240 for holding the pasta, means for mixing the pasta and guiding the pasta towards the opening located in the lower area of the tray of receipt of reason 235; said means are defined as a helical screw 245 positioned through said opening in the lower zone. The lower part of the pattern receiving tray 235 is equipped with an opening-closing element 260 through which the paste is dispensed to the pattern forming tray 300. Preferably, the size of the pattern receiving tray 235 must

correspond to the size of the pattern formation tray 300; more preferably, the length of the body 240 should be approximately the same size as the width of the pattern formation tray 300 if the paste should be distributed longitudinally to the pattern formation tray 300.

The body 240 of the pattern receiving tray 235 can be divided into smaller compartments 250 using the zoning board 255, where each compartment 250 can contain the paste with different colors or different color combinations or color combinations with different shades or motifs of different base formed within the paste-containing portion 215. Zoning boards 255 are removably fixed to body 240 so that the size of compartment 250 can be adjusted by adding or removing the necessary number of boards of zoning 255 or moving the zoning board 255 along the body

240. The zoning of the body 240 of the reason receiving tray 235 will improve the definition of the motif, since it reduces the degree to which they are mixed with other pastes with different colors and / or motifs.

The helical screw 245, which is located in the lower area of the pattern receiving tray 235, is adjusted along the length of the body 240 of the pattern receiving tray 235. The helical screw 245 is capable of rotating on its axis. The number and size and distance of the turns can be modified to create motifs with different sizes of bands or stripes or colored lines or different variations of the motif. The movement of the helical screw 245 can be controlled by suitable electronic devices or it can be precoded in the software application. The movement of the helical screw 245 guides the paste into the opening in the lower part of the pattern receiving tray 235, for which the paste is distributed to the pattern forming tray

300. The speed of the movement of the helical screw 245 also contributes to the variation of the motif that is formed.

While the pattern forming unit 200, with or without the pattern receiving tray 235, dispenses the paste to the pattern formation tray 300, the pattern formation unit 200 will move along and / or through the pattern tray 300 to distribute the paste evenly. For the embodiment with the pattern receiving tray 235, while the pulp is being dispensed, the helical screw 245 will rotate continuously, guiding the pulp through the opening of the opening-closing element 260 (see Figure 5 ) located in the lower part of the reception tray of motif 235, which will be in its open state when the paste is being dispensed. The total weight amount of the paste that is dispensed is controlled by a weight sensor with the scale (not shown) below the pattern forming tray. That is, the pattern forming tray is positioned on a weighing device while the paste is being distributed. The weighing device is linked to the software application. Once the amount of pulp reaches the predetermined weight, the weighing device will be activated and the dispensing unit 200 will temporarily stop the dispensing and the opening-closing element 260 will move to a closed state and the forming unit of reason 200 will return to its starting location. The pattern formation unit 200 will resume dispensing when a new pattern formation tray 300 moves into position. In addition, the amount of the paste that is dispensed from the dispensing element 220 to the reason receiving tray 235 should correspond to the amount of paste that is dispensed from the reason receiving tray 235 to the reason forming tray 300 to reduce the problem of overflow or shortage of pasta.

Figure 5 shows another embodiment of the pattern receiving tray 235. This embodiment of the pattern receiving tray 235 is larger and capable of containing a larger amount of the paste to produce larger ceramic tiles. . In this embodiment, the large amount of the paste creates a higher pressure inside the tray, making it difficult to control the flow of the pasta. Therefore, in this embodiment, the pattern receiving tray 235 is further provided with an opening-closing lid 265 and a high definition pneumatic system 270. After the desired amount of the paste is transferred to the pattern receiving tray 235, the opening-closing lid 265 is then closed and the air inside the tray is removed to create a vacuum environment. The paste is then dispensed by controlling the pneumatic system in combination with the control of the opening-closing element 260 at the bottom of the pattern receiving tray 235 to open and close as necessary. The opening of the opening-closing element 260, the speed of the helical screw 245 and the pressure inside the pattern receiving tray 235 are then regulated and maintained by the software application to achieve the desired reason.

Motif Formation Tray (300)

The pattern forming tray 300 acts as a mold for the tiles, since their shape and size must correspond to the shape and size of the desired tile. The pattern formation tray 300 comprises a frame 305 and a filter sheet 310 assembled one above the other, wherein the frame 305 is transformed into an edge of the pattern formation tray 300. As shown in Figure 6, A rectangular pattern tray 300, which has an outer closed frame edge, is necessary to produce a rectangular tile. In this embodiment, the pattern forming tray 300 comprises only an outer closed frame edge. Figure 7 shows another embodiment of the pattern formation tray 300 with an empty space in the center of the tray. According to this embodiment, the forming tray also comprises at least one inner closed frame edge in a designated position that defines an empty space within the tray. This embodiment of the training tray

motif 300 is suitable for producing ready-to-use objects, such as a sink table or kitchen countertop, without having to modify the tile to suit the need. Of course, the additional empty space defined in the pattern forming tray 300 includes, but is not limited to, a square, rectangular, circular, oval shape and other desired free shapes to suit the use of the tile. .

As mentioned, the pattern forming tray 300 comprises a frame 305 and a filter sheet 310 assembled one above the other.

The frame 305 can be of any desired shapes assembled on top of the filter sheet. The frame 305 is made of a flexible material that can withstand high pressure and return to its original shape after the pressure is removed. The frame 305 can be made of the material or combination of materials selected from natural rubber, natural polymer, synthetic rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, silicone rubber, butadiene rubber, ebonite rubber, high temperature vulcanized rubber, Urethane rubber, fluorine rubber, neoprene rubber and the like or metal specifically designed to flex at high pressure. The height of the frame 305 determines the maximum amount of the paste that can be contained. Thus, the height of the frame 305 must be at least the height of the desired tile.

The filter sheet 310 that forms the bottom of the pattern forming tray 300 is a porous sheet capable of containing the paste under normal conditions, but which allows water and particles smaller than the size of the pores of the sheet of filter 310 pass through when pressure or weight is applied. It is important that the filter sheet 310 has properly sized pores to prevent too many particles from passing through it, resulting in the waste of the paste. The materials for making the filter sheet 310 can be selected from wool fiber, nylon, wire mesh, polypropylene, polyester, polybutylene and polyamide.

Preferably, the pattern trays 300 should be connected to each other forming a conveyor to support automatic or semi-automatic production. However, each pattern forming tray 300 should preferably be removable and replaceable when replacement or maintenance is necessary.

The motif decoration accessory (400)

After the predetermined amount of the paste has been distributed to the pattern formation tray 300, the integration or aggregation of the different types, colors, lines or strips of the paste will become the reason for the tile or tile. However, to achieve the desired motif or to create another variation on the motif already formed, the motif decoration accessory 400 can be used to achieve the desired motif effects. The motif decoration accessories 400 can be operated synchronously with the motif formation unit 200 or after the motif formation unit has completed its motive formation cycle. The motif decoration accessory 400 can have various profiles, shapes and configurations as long as it can work by dragging, immersion, agitation, mixing or sweeping through the formed motif or within it. Figure 6 shows an example of the embodiment of the motif decoration accessory 400. In this embodiment, the motif decoration accessory 400 has a plurality of extensions by way of teeth leaving a body. The body is connected to an electronic device (not shown) that is capable of controlling the movement of the motif decoration accessory 400. The teeth can be connected to the body by simple locking or coupling elements or an automatic fastening joint, so that the teeth can be replaced by a different configuration when necessary. The movement of the pattern decoration accessory 400 can be controlled by precoding in the software application, as is the case with the pattern formation unit 200, to achieve a predetermined pattern.

Filter Press Unit (500)

After the pattern formation by the pattern formation unit 200 and / or the pattern decoration accessory 400 is completed, the pattern formed within the pattern formation tray 300 is ready for pressing. The pattern forming tray 300 moves to the filter press unit 500.

The filter pressing unit 500, as shown in Figure 11, operates on the same principles as with a general hydraulic pressing machine applying pressure on the object. The filter press unit according to this invention is a wet press unit. The goal is to remove as much excess water from the paste as possible, leaving a raw ceramic tile with the water content commonly known in the ceramic tile industry as suitable for drying.

Accordingly, filtering is an integral element of the filter press unit 500. The filter press unit 500 comprises an upper punch 505, a lower punch 510, a shape retaining frame 515, a vacuum pump (not shown) and can also be equipped with a heating and temperature control unit and a wind generator.

The upper punch 505 is made of meta, high strength ceramic or composite materials with a face

flat. The surface of the flat face is porous, that is, it is prepared with small holes evenly distributed throughout the face. The face is equipped with a shape retention frame 515. The shape of the shape retention frame 515 should correspond to the shape of the pattern forming tray 300. For example, as shown in Figure 11, the frame The 515 shape retainer is rectangular to correspond to the rectangular pattern tray 300. The upper punch 505 is prepared with a drain (not shown). The upper punch 505 operates by hydraulics and is capable of moving towards a fixed lower punch 510 to press the paste contained in the pattern forming tray 300 positioned between them. Once the paste is pressed, excess water and paste particles smaller than the pore size of the filter sheet 310 will escape through the pores of the filter sheet 310 and through the holes prepared in the face of the upper punch 505 and will be collected in the drain for disposal.

Similarly, the lower punch 510 is made of metal with a flat face. The surface of the flat face is porous, that is, it is prepared with small holes evenly distributed throughout the face. The face is equipped with a 515 ’shape retention frame. The shape of the shape retention frame 515 'must correspond to the shape of the pattern forming tray 300. The lower punch 510 is fixed in one position and is also provided with a drain.

The shape retention frame 515 on the upper punch should be in the same position as the retention frame 515 'on the bottom punch, such that during the pressing of the face of the shape retention frame on the upper punch 505 meets or almost meets the face of the retaining frame 515 'on the lower punch 510, when a maximum pressure is applied, surrounding the pattern forming tray 300.

As mentioned, the shape of the shape retention frames 515-515 'must correspond to the shape of the pattern formation tray 300. However, the size of the shape retention frames 515-515' should be slightly larger than the pattern formation tray 300 because, during pressing, the pattern formation tray 300 is positioned within the retention frames 515-515 '. During pressing, the frame of the pattern formation tray 300, which is made of flexible materials, will be distorted under pressure, which could cause a distortion of the shape or motif of the tile. Therefore, 515-515 ’form retention racks will reduce this problem.

In addition, to allow the pattern formation tray 300 to move forward and into the pressing position and move forward after the pressing is completed, the retention racks form 515-515 'in the direction Incoming and in the outgoing direction they should be able to move up and down or forward or backward, such that they are at the level of the surface of the lower punch 510. For example, when the pattern forming tray 300 is moves towards the filter press unit 500, the retaining frames 515-515 'in the incoming direction will retract, allowing the pattern forming tray 300 to move into position. Once the pattern formation tray 300 meets the protruding side (opposite the incoming side) of the shape retention frames 515-515 ', the pattern formation tray 300 will stop moving and the incoming side of the retention frames 515-515 'will return to their position, securing the formation tray of the 300 motif inside. Once the pressing is completed, the protruding side of the shape retention frames 515-515 'will retract, allowing the pattern formation tray 300 to move forward and out of the filter press unit 500. Next, the incoming side of the shape retention frames 515-515 'will be retracted again to anticipate the entry of the next pattern formation tray 300 and the protruding side will return to its position.

In addition, in order to regulate or adjust the thickness of the tile or tile, the 515-515 shape retaining frames are prepared with means to adjust their height. The height of the shape retention, the height of the frame 305 of the pattern formation tray 300 and its ability to retract, when pressed, and the amount of the pulp content within the pattern formation tray 300 are all of them interdependent

In general, the ability to retract or reduce the height of the frame 305 when pressed at maximum pressure is a known value. The height of the retention frames 515-515 'should be adjusted equal to or slightly less than the height of the frame 305 after pressing, so that, during pressing, the face of the upper punch 505 presses against the paste contained in the pattern formation tray 300 and against the frame 305. The pressure is gradually increased to a maximum pressure. At maximum pressure, the frame will reduce its height to a maximum level that is equal to or slightly higher than the height of the shape retention frame 315 'on the bottom punch 510 and the face of the shape retention frame 315 in the upper punch 505 will be found or almost meet the face of the retaining frame so that the bottom punch 510 is removed so that as much excess water is removed from the paste as possible.

When a new batch of tiles with different thicknesses is produced, the height of the shape retention frames 515-515 'can be adjusted accordingly and the height of the frame 305 can be adjusted using a frame 305 with a different height or switching to a frame made of different materials that have different retraction values.

In addition, to increase the rate of extraction of water from the pulp, the shape retention frames 515515 'and the frame 305 can also be prepared with holes as well as the upper punch 505 and the lower punch 510 so that the water It can pass through it more quickly and shorten the time needed to extract the water out of the paste. The 515 shape retaining frame can be removed for maintenance and can be replaced when worn.

The excess water is collected in the drain of the upper punch 505 and in the drain of the lower punch 510. The water is then removed by the vacuum pump after the pressing is completed. The wind generator helps guide excess water to the drain.

During pressing, if required, the filter pressing unit 500 can be equipped with a heating unit with a temperature control device to reduce the viscosity of the pulp making it easier to extract excess water out of the pulp.

The apparatus preferably further comprises a cleaning station, in which after the pressing is completed and the raw tiles or tiles have been removed, the filter and the pattern forming tray are cleaned before re-entering the system. of production.

Using the above-described embodiment of the apparatus, a procedure for forming a desired motif in a ceramic tile or tile will now be described below, with the motif extending through the predetermined thickness. The procedure described immediately will be based on employing a specific embodiment of the apparatus according to the principle of the invention. However, it is not our intention to limit ourselves to the procedure described below.

The process of forming a desired motif in ceramic tiles according to this invention comprises the following steps:

•

Pasta Preparation

Raw materials are milled in a wet ball mill to produce ceramic tiles in order to get the paste. Pigments or ceramic flakes are added to achieve the desired colors. Additives or mixtures, as required, are added to reduce the viscosity of the paste or to improve the strength of the tiles. The paste obtained is placed in a container container that separates the paste with different colors prepared to be supplied to the pattern forming unit. If required, the paste can be kept at a controlled temperature.

•

Formation of a desired motive

The paste under control pressure is supplied to the pattern forming unit, where predetermined types, quantities, colors, kinds of colors and positions of the paste are dispensed to a pattern forming tray to form a desired pattern. The predetermined types, quantities, colors, kinds of colors and positions of the paste to be dispensed are precoded in a software application.

•

Filter pressing

The paste, in which a desired motif has now been formed, is pressed by a filter pressing unit.

Each stage will now be described in detail as follows:

Pasta Preparation

Raw materials are milled to produce ceramic tiles in a wet ball mill to get the paste. Preferably, the paste comprises dry materials ranging from 30% -70% by weight to achieve a paste with a suitable viscosity. Additives or mixtures such as deflocculants, dispersants, flocculants, defoaming agents, surfactants may or may not be added to the paste, depending on the characteristics and properties of the raw materials. The particle size of the raw material after grinding and the ratio of different types of raw materials are some of the factors to determine if an additive or mixture is necessary. The desired property of the ceramic tile can sometimes play a role in considering whether an additive is also needed. For example, if an extra-strong tile or tile is preferred, strength enhancement additives such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), methyl cellulose, ethylene acetate are added to the paste Vinyl (EVA), starch, modified starch, cellulose fiber, organic fiber, inorganic fiber, etc., preferably up to 5% by dry weight. If desired, the paste can be heated to reduce the viscosity and favor the flow of the paste, since the heat moves the particles away from each other.

Pigments or ceramic flakes can be added to the paste to achieve the desired colors. Pigment

it can be added during grinding or it can be added to the paste after grinding is complete. The latter is preferred, since the paste obtained will have consistent colors, creating higher quality products.

The paste is placed in a container 100 that separates the different colors. The pressure inside the tank is maintained. The paste is kept at room temperature and / or, if required, can be encouraged up to 70 degrees Celsius. The paste is then continuously supplied to the pattern forming unit 200 by a supply tube while maintaining the pressure. The flow of the pulp from the container 100 to the pattern forming unit 200 is regulated by the pressure inside the container 100 in combination with the regulation of the valves 205 at the end of the supply pipes 105 in the motive training unit

200. A predetermined amount of the paste is then dispensed according to the predetermined values to the pattern forming unit 200. The remaining amount of the paste is returned to the container container to maintain the quality of the paste and to reduce precipitation and the obstruction of the supply tube.

Formation of desired motives

At this stage, different types and colors of paste are supplied to the pattern forming unit 200. More than one type or color of paste can be supplied to the pattern forming unit 200 at any time. Different types or colors of the paste are allowed to be mixed within the pattern forming unit 200. The amount of the paste with different colors, kinds of colors and positions to be distributed will affect the result of the motifs. Accordingly, the values of these parameters are controlled by precoding these values in a software application, in combination with the pressure control within the supply tubes 105 and the valves 205 mounted at the end of the supply tubes 105 in the software. pattern forming unit 200. The paste is then dispensed through the dispensing element 220 mounted on the bottom of the pattern forming unit 200. The amount of the paste that is dispensed can be further controlled by regulating the valve mounted on the dispensing element 220. While the paste is dispensed, the pattern forming unit 200 will move in response to the precoded values to regulate the movement of the pattern unit 200 in order to deposit and distribute the paste in the predetermined position in the tray to get the desired reason. The pattern forming unit can move left, right, backward, forward and / or in circular motion (or on the x, y, z axes).

While the pattern forming unit 200 is dispensing the paste to the pattern forming tray 300, the differential in quantity, types, colors, lines and strips of the paste will be integrated to form a desired pattern. Consequently, it can achieve a supplementary and additional variation of the motif by modifying the quantity, types, colors, lines and stripes of the paste to be deposited in the motif forming tray 300. Figures 2, 3 and 4 show different embodiments of the motive training unit 200 to achieve different motives.

A method of forming a desired pattern involves using the pattern forming unit 200 without an agitator, as shown in Figure 2. In this procedure, different types and colors of the paste are supplied to the pattern forming unit 200. The pastes according to the precoded values are allowed to mix freely within the pulp containing portion 215 of the pattern forming unit 200. The mixed paste is then dispensed to the pattern forming tray 300 to form a desired pattern. The variation of the precoded values will result in different reasons. Another variation of the motifs can be achieved according to this procedure by changing the shapes and configurations of the end piece 210 fitted at the end of each supply tube 105 or by changing the shape and configurations of the dispensing element 220, or by doing both.

Another method of forming a desired pattern according to the principles described herein involves using a pattern forming unit 200 with means for further mixing the pulp into the container portion 215 of the pattern forming unit 200, that is, a pattern forming unit 200 with an agitator 230 as shown in Figure 3. This procedure works with the same principles and techniques as in the procedure described above. The difference is that, in this procedure, after the pastes according to the precoded values are allowed to mix freely within the pulp containing portion 215, the already mixed pulp is then expressly mixed additionally by the agitator 230. This technique will result in a paste mixed with thinner lines and stripes resulting in a finer and sharper motif. Another variation of the motifs according to this procedure can be achieved by modifying the speed of the agitator 230 or by modifying the speed of the agitator 230 in combination with the modification of the precoded values, or by changing the shape configurations of the end piece 210 and the dispensing element,

or doing both.

A further method of forming a desired pattern according to the principles described herein involves using a pattern forming unit 200 which further comprises a pattern receiving tray 235, as shown in Figure 4. In this procedure, instead If the paste is dispensed directly to the pattern forming tray 300, the paste is dispensed to the pattern receiving tray 235 and then to the pattern forming tray 300. For this procedure, the forming unit motive 200 uses the same principles and techniques as in the procedure described above, where the paste is

dispensed by the pattern forming unit 200 without the stirrer 230. The distinct character of this procedure is in the elements defined in the pattern receiving tray 235. In this procedure the paste is allowed to mix itself first in the pasta container portion 215 and then in the pattern receiving tray 235, so that additional variations and more intricate patterns can be created. In addition, this procedure is particularly suitable for forming motifs in which various colors are transformed into a desired motif, or motifs with more than a subset of motifs, or motifs with various shades or shades of color. In this procedure, the pulp is dispensed to a compartment or compartments 250 of the pattern receiving tray 235. A plurality of pattern forming units 200 may be dispensing the paste to the pattern receiving tray 235 at any time. Each compartment 250 may be filled with only a particular shade or hue or a combination of shades or a combination of a subset (base) of motifs (different mixtures of lines and stripes resulting from the mixing of the paste within the pasta-containing portion 215) . The zoning boards 255, which divide the pattern receiving tray 235 into smaller compartments 250, help reduce unwanted paste mixing, so that the pattern is achieved with a larger definition (where two coincide colors or tones or a subset of motifs). The position, quantity, combination and colors / shades of the paste dispensed to the reason receiving tray are in accordance with the precoded value in the software application. The paste in each compartment is then distributed to the pattern forming tray 300 by rotation of the helical screw 245 which supplies the paste to the opening at the bottom of the pattern receiving tray 235 to form desired motifs. During the distribution of the pulp, the pattern forming unit 200 moves synchronously with the pattern receiving tray 235 in relation to the width and length of the pattern forming tray 200. Another variation of the pattern according to this The procedure involves varying the size of the propeller, the size of the compartment, the speed of the helical screw 245 and the speed of movement of the pattern forming unit 200 and the reason receiving tray 235.

Another procedure still of forming desired motifs according to the principles described herein involves using the embodiment of the reason receiving trays as shown in Figure 5. This procedure employs techniques similar to those of the embodiment of the Pattern forming unit 200 shown in Figure 4. However, in this procedure, the pattern receiving tray is larger and is thus capable of containing a large volume of pulp. This procedure is suitable to form motifs to produce on larger tiles. In this embodiment, the pattern receiving tray 235 may or may not be equipped with the zoning boards 255. Due to the fact that a large amount of the paste is dispensed to the pattern receiving tray 235, this creates a higher pressure inside the tray, making it difficult to control the flow of the paste. Therefore, in this procedure, the distribution of the pulp implies using the reason receiving tray 235, which is also provided with an opening-closing lid 265 and a high definition pneumatic system 270. After the quantity Desired paste is transferred to the reason receiving tray 235, the opening-closing lid 265 is then closed and the air inside the tray is removed to create a vacuum environment. The paste is then dispensed by controlling the pneumatic system 270 in combination with the control of the opening-closing element 260 at the bottom of the pattern receiving tray 235 to open and close it, as necessary, to form desired motifs.

The principle of forming the desired motif according to the invention is to allow the paste according to the types and colors and / or the combination of colors or the subset of motifs to be mixed to precoded values in controlled parameters using the apparatus according to the invention. It is very important that the mixture of the paste of more than one type, color or color combination at any point during the pattern formation is not allowed to be homogeneous before dispensing the resulting paste to the pattern formation tray 300, but still maintaining the colors, lines or individual stripes to the point that the desired motif is formed from the integration of mixed colors, lines and stripes of individual colors. This is achieved by combined means of controlling the pressure of the pulp, the viscosity of the pulp, the speed of the agitator 230 within the pattern forming unit 200 and / or the helical screw 245 in the reason receiving tray 235 and the transfer time of the resulting paste mixture to the pattern receiving tray 300. In addition, the paste is dispensed to the pattern forming tray 300 simultaneously with the operation of the stirrer 230 and / or the helical screw 245, so that the pasta will not become homogeneous. An example of a method of forming a desired pattern according to the invention is that the stirrer operates at 30-100 rpm while the pattern forming unit 200 continuously dispenses the paste to the pattern formation tray 300. Accordingly, the paste remains � in the pattern forming unit 200 for only about 5-10 seconds, so that the paste will not become homogeneous. Of course, the agitator speed will be regulated and will be modified correspondingly to the precoded values according to the desired reason.

As mentioned, the paste is dispensed to a pattern forming tray 300 to form a desired pattern. The dispensed paste is contained within the frame 305 of the pattern forming tray. Accordingly, the shape and size of the frame 305 will determine the shape and size of the tile. In addition, the height of the frame 305 will determine the maximum amount of the paste that can be contained, which, in turn, will determine the maximum thickness of the tile. In operation, the pattern forming tray 300 is supplied to the manufacturing system and positioned in the weighing station or scale before the paste is being dispensed thereto. A predetermined amount of the paste is then dispensed to the pattern forming tray 300. Once it reaches the predetermined height, a weighing sensor will be activated,

causing the pattern forming unit 200 or the pattern receiving tray 235 to temporarily stop dispensing, so that each tile will have a consistent thickness and consistent quality.

The motifs formed can be further decorated or modified using the motif decoration accessory 400 previously described. The motif decoration accessory 400 works by dragging, dipping, stirring, mixing or sweeping through the formed motif or within it. The movement of the motif decoration access 400 can be controlled by a suitable electronic device or this can be done manually. In addition, the motif decoration accessory 400 can work synchronously with the motif formation unit 200 to achieve the desired motifs. After the pattern formation is completed, the pattern formation tray 300 moves to the next stage of production, which is pressing.

Filter pressing

The paste dispensed or distributed to the pattern formation tray 300, which now includes different types, lines, stripes, shades or shades, will be pressed to extract or remove water from the paste in order to form a raw ceramic tile or tile . The different types, lines, stripes, tones or nuances will be transformed into a desired motif that extends across the entire thickness of the tile.

At this stage, the pattern forming tray 300 will be positioned in the filter press unit 500, more specifically on the lower punch 510 of the filter press unit 500. Next, the filter sheet 600, which is transformed into a kind of conveyor, it will be moved to its position to cover the pattern formation tray 300 before pressing and while the pressing is in progress, as shown in figures 1, 7, 8. Next, the Paste contained within the pattern forming tray is pressed by the upper punch 505. Once the paste is pressed, excess water, including pulp particles smaller than the pore size of the filter sheet 310, will escape � through the pores of the filter sheet 310 and through the holes prepared in the face of the upper punch 505 or, in an alternate embodiment, also through the holes in the forfeiting frame ma 515. The upper punch continues to press to extract as much water as possible until it reaches predetermined values (the height of the frame 305, the height of the retaining frame 315, the ability to retract the frame 305 or the pressure value per square inch) in such a way that, during pressing at maximum pressure, the retention frame 515 on the upper punch should be in the same position as the retention frame 515 'on the lower punch, and the face of the shape retention frame in the upper punch 505 is or almost meets the face of the shape retention frame 515 'on the bottom punch 510, circling the pattern forming tray 300. During pressing, the frames Withholding shape 515-515 'will preserve the shape of the flexible frame from becoming distorted after pressure is applied, which could distort the shape and the Tivo of the tile.

After pressing, water and paste particles smaller than the pores of the filter sheet 310 will escape through such pores and through the hole prepared in the surface of the upper punch 505 and the lower punch 510 and will be collected in the drain for disposal. During pressing, care is taken to gradually increase the pressure in order to distribute the pressure evenly so that water is removed evenly, reducing the distortion of the motif and maintaining the consistency of the thickness of the raw tile. In addition, the water collected in the drain should be discarded by the vacuum pump only after the pressing is completed to reduce the clogging of the particles in the filter sheet 310, 600, since the clogging could result in difficulties in extra water extraction from pasta. In addition, if the water is unevenly removed, this can cause the separation of the paste and results in an inconsistency of the thickness of the tile. If required, during pressing, the paste can be heated and the temperature maintained at an adequate level to facilitate water withdrawal and shorten the pressing time.

The shape and configuration of the pattern formation tray 300 will also determine the shape and configuration of the final products. Accordingly, the pattern formation tray 300 can be modified, as necessary, to obtain the desired shape, configuration and size of the final products. The pattern formation tray 300 may be modified to contain an empty space in a position designated for proper use. For example, the empty space can be selected from square, rectangular, oval, circular and desired free-form configurations. The same effect can be achieved by placing a soft flexible mold (made of the same material or having the same property as that of the 305 and reusable frame) of such shapes in the pattern forming tray 300 before dispensing the paste to the forming tray pattern 300. The soft flexible mold will occupy space within the pattern forming tray 300, thus leaving a space correspondingly after pressing and removing the soft flexible mold. The tile produced according to this technique can be used as a sink table, kitchen countertop, etc., without having to cut, drill or saw certain portions as in conventional tiles.

After the pressing is completed, the pattern formation tray 300 will move out of the filter press unit 500 and the raw tile is removed for further treatment, as necessary, to achieve desired effects such as surface decoration, custom cutting, cooking and / or

polished.

After the tile is removed, the pattern tray 300 continues to move and continues to the cleaning station to be cleaned and re-enter the production line. The filter sheet 600 also moves to the cleaning station in a similar manner.

Drying and cooking

After the pressing is completed and a raw tile is obtained, they can be subjected to a

10 additional treatment to achieve desired effects. For example, they can undergo surface decoration to give dimension, as well as printing, spraying or painting, or ceramic pigments or flakes could be applied as needed. The process can be done while the raw tile still contains a high moisture content to facilitate the process and reduce damage. The products are then dried and cooked according to the standard developed to satisfy the properties of the raw tiles produced according to the

15 invention.

The ceramic motif according to the principle of the present invention is formed from the differential in quantity, types, colors, lines and strips of the paste that will be integrated to form a desired motif. The necessary precautionary measures are taken when the tile is formed from the paste of consistent quality and with the help of the elements of the apparatus and, during the process of forming the motif when forming the tile. These measurements are such as the consistency of the pore size in the filter sheet, as well as in the flat surface of the upper punch 505 and the lower punch 510 and the gradual increase of the pressure applied by the filter press unit 500 , so that water and particles will escape evenly so that the raw tile achieved has a uniform thickness and moisture content. Consequently, the tiles or

25 tiles obtained not only have the motif extended by the full thickness but the tiles or tiles also have a consistent thickness and strength.

Claims (51)

1. Procedure for forming a ceramic tile or tile with a predetermined thickness having a motif that extends throughout the entire thickness, comprising the following steps:

-

prepare at least two pastes of different colors;

-

put each paste obtained in a separate tank (100);

-

supplying said at least two pastes to a motive formation unit (200);

-

move the pattern forming unit (200) onto a training tray (300) to dispense the pasta into the tray according to a desired reason;

-

subjecting the forming tray (300) to a filter press to remove excess water and to form a raw ceramic tile with a motif that extends across the entire thickness;

-

Dry and cook the raw tile.

2.

Method according to claim 1, which comprises adding ceramic pigments or flakes to achieve the desired colors.

3.

Process according to claim 1, which comprises adding additives to reduce the viscosity of the paste or to improve the strength of the tiles.

Four.

Process according to claim 1, wherein each paste comprises dry materials in a proportion of 30 to 70% by weight.

5.

Process according to claim 3, wherein the possible additives comprise additives selected from deflocculants, dispersants, defoamers, surfactants.

6.

Process according to claim 3, wherein the possible additives comprise up to 5% of an enhancer and / or modifier of the properties of tiles selected from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), carboxymethylcellulose ( CMC), methylcellulose, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), starch, modified starch, cellulose fiber, organic fiber, inorganic fiber.

7.

Method according to claim 1, wherein the paste is maintained at a temperature between room temperature and 70 degrees Celsius.

8.

Method according to claim 1, wherein the pastes to be dispensed to form a desired motif are dispensed according to precoded values.

9.

Method according to claim 1, wherein while the desired motif is formed, the motif forming unit (200) moves forward, backward, left, right and circular motion to distribute the paste according to the precoded value in the software application at a predetermined speed.

10.

Method according to claim 1, wherein the paste is allowed to partially mix into the pattern forming unit (200) before being dispensed in the pattern forming tray (300) to form a desired pattern.

eleven.

Method according to claim 10, wherein the pastes are mixed using a stirrer (230) that operates at a predetermined speed before being dispensed in the pattern forming tray (300) to form a desired motif.

12.

Method according to claim 1, wherein the paste is dispensed in a reason receiving tray

(235) and is then dispensed in a pattern formation tray (300).

13.

Method according to claim 1, wherein the pastes are dispensed separately in separate compartments (250) of the reason receiving tray (235) according to different types, colors, color scheme and / or base motif.

14.

Method according to claim 1, wherein, during pressing, the temperature of the paste is maintained at a temperature between room temperature and 70 degrees Celsius.

fifteen.

A method according to claim 1, wherein during the filter pressing means are used to retain the shape of the tile in order to retain the shape and motif of the raw ceramic tile.

16.

Method according to claim 15, wherein, before dispensing the paste in the pattern forming tray (300), a soft closed frame (305) of desired shape is positioned in designated positions in the pattern forming tray ( 300) to produce a raw ceramic tile or tile with an empty space corresponding to the shape of the soft mold in the designated position.

17.

Method according to claims 16, wherein the soft mold is selected with shapes selected from a square, rectangular, oval, circular and free shape.

18.

Method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of modifying the motif, while it is being formed and / or after finishing the motive formation, using motif modification accessories

(400) suitable for dragging, immersion, agitation, mixing and / or scanning.

19.

Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the tile and / or the raw tile with the desired motif are subjected to drying and cooking according to the established norm.

twenty.

Apparatus for forming a ceramic tile or tile with a predetermined thickness having a motif that extends across the entire thickness, according to the procedure of claims 1 to 19, comprising:

-

means for preparing at least two pastas;

-

at least one container container of pasta (100) to contain each type of pasta;

-

at least one motive formation unit (200);

-

at least one pattern formation tray (300);

-

means for connecting said at least one reservoir to said motive formation unit; Y

-

a filter press unit (500);

in which each container tank (100) is connected to the pattern forming unit (200) at least by a supply tube (105), the end of said supply tube (105) being in said pattern forming unit ( 200) equipped with a valve (225) for controlling the supply of the paste in the pattern forming unit (200), means being provided for moving the pattern forming unit (200) with respect to the tray forming motive (300) to supply the paste to the motif formation tray (300).

twenty-one.

Apparatus according to claim 20, wherein each of the container reservoirs (100) has means for regulating the pressure inside the reservoir.

22

Apparatus according to claim 21, wherein each of the container tanks (100) has means for reducing the settling of the paste and favoring the flow of the paste, which consist of at least one agitator (230).

2. 3.

Apparatus according to claim 22, wherein means for reducing the sedimentation of the pulp and favoring the flow of the pulp are positioned by said container deposit on a mobile base.

24.

Apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the end of the supply tube (105) in said pattern forming unit (200) is equipped with a replaceable end piece (210) capable of controllable dispensing of the paste to the forming unit motive (200).

25.

Apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the pattern forming unit (200) is capable of accommodating a plurality of supply tubes (105) and the replaceable end piece (210) at each end of the supply tube

(105) in the pattern formation unit (200) has different shapes and configurations.

26.

Apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the container tank (100) is equipped with a heating unit and means for regulating the temperature of the paste contained therein.

27.

Apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the pattern forming unit (200) is movable along three orthogonal axes x, y, z.

28.

Apparatus according to claim 27, wherein the pattern forming unit (200) is equipped with a valve (225) for controlling the amount of the paste to be dispensed through the dispensing element.

29.

Apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the pattern forming unit (200) further comprises means (230) for mixing the pulp contained in said pattern forming unit.

30

Apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the pattern forming unit (200) further comprises a pattern receiving tray (235).

31. An apparatus according to claim 30, wherein the reason receiving tray (235) comprises a body (240) to contain the paste dispensed from the dispensing element of the pattern forming unit (200);

-

an opening-closing element in the bottom; Y

-

helical screw lines in the lower area of the pattern receiving tray (235), said helical screw (245) being equal and / or uneven and being able to rotate on its axis to supply the paste to the opening element- Close in order to distribute the paste in the pattern formation tray (300).

32

Apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the body (240) of the reason receiving tray (235) is divided into compartments to contain different types, colors, color combinations and / or base motifs using zoning boards n (255).

33.

Apparatus according to claim 32, wherein the zoning boards (255) are removably coupled to the body (240) of the reason receiving tray (235) and the number and / or size of the compartments can be increased or be reduced by adding or removing the zoning boards (255) and / or increasing the distance between each board (255).

3. 4.

Apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the reason receiving tray (235) further comprises an opening-closing lid and a high-definition pneumatic system for creating a vacuum environment within the reason receiving tray (235) and controllable dispensing of the paste in the pattern forming tray (300).

35

Apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the pattern forming tray (235) comprises a frame

(305) assembled on a filter sheet (310), each pattern forming tray (235) presenting the shape corresponding to the shape of the desired tile and connecting to form a loop-shaped conveyor intended to support the automatic or semi-automatic production environment. 36. An apparatus according to claim 35, wherein each pattern forming tray (235) in the loop capable of containing the paste dispensed from the pattern forming unit (200) and each pattern forming tray (235) can be disassembled for maintenance and can be replaced when worn.

37.

Apparatus according to claim 35, wherein the pattern forming tray (235) comprises only an outer closed frame edge.

38.

Apparatus according to claim 37, wherein the pattern forming tray comprises at least a second inner closed frame edge within said outer closed frame to define an empty space at a predetermined location in the tray, the shape being selected of the empty space between square, rectangular, oval, circular and free.

39.

Apparatus according to claim 35, wherein the frame is made of flexible porous materials capable of deforming when pressure is applied and recovering its original shape after the pressure is removed.

40

Apparatus according to claim 39, wherein the flexible porous frame is made from materials selected from natural rubber, natural polymer, synthetic rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, silicone rubber, butadiene rubber, rubber of ebonite, high temperature vulcanized rubber, urethane rubber, fluorine rubber and neoprene rubber.

41.

Apparatus according to claim 35, wherein the filter sheet (310) is a porous material.

42

Apparatus according to claim 41, wherein the filter sheet (310) is made from materials selected from wool fiber, nylon, metal wire mesh, polypropylene, polyester, polybutylene and polyamide.

43

Apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the filter pressing unit (500) comprises an upper punch (505) and a lower punch (510), the flat surface of the upper punch and the lower punch being porous.

44.

Apparatus according to claim 43, wherein each of the upper and lower punches is prepared with a drain to collect excess water and particles that escape the pressing of the paste.

Four. Five.

Apparatus according to claim 44, wherein at least one of the upper and lower punches comprises a shape retention frame (515) around its edge.

46.

Apparatus according to claim 45, wherein means for adjusting the height of the shape retention frame (515) are provided.

47

Apparatus according to claim 45, wherein the shape retention frame (515) on the lower punch

5 (510) in the incoming and outgoing directions of the pattern formation tray (300) is able to move up or down to allow the entry and exit of the pattern formation tray. 48. An apparatus according to claim 44, wherein the filter pressing unit (500) further comprises a vacuum pump to remove excess water and particles collected in the drain of the upper punch and the lower punch. 49. An apparatus according to claim 44, wherein the filter pressing unit (500) further comprises a wind generator for blowing excess water into the drain. Apparatus according to claim 44, wherein the filter pressing unit (500) further comprises a heating unit and means for controlling the temperature of the pulp being pressed to facilitate the removal of excess water . 51. Apparatus according to claim 20, further comprising a scale controlled by a weighing sensor for 20 controlling the amount of the paste that is dispensed in the pattern formation tray (300), causing the sensor to activate the pattern formation unit (200) to stop dispensing. 52. An apparatus according to claim 20, further comprising a cleaning station and in which, after finishing the pressing and having removed the raw tiles, the filter and the formation tray of 25 reason (300) continue to advance to the cleaning station to be cleaned and re-enter the production system.