ES2393904A1 - Formwork for prefabricated housing. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents
Formwork for prefabricated housing. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2393904A1 ES2393904A1 ES201100677A ES201100677A ES2393904A1 ES 2393904 A1 ES2393904 A1 ES 2393904A1 ES 201100677 A ES201100677 A ES 201100677A ES 201100677 A ES201100677 A ES 201100677A ES 2393904 A1 ES2393904 A1 ES 2393904A1
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- formwork
- panels
- profile
- angular
- metal panels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/22—Moulds for making units for prefabricated buildings, i.e. units each comprising an important section of at least two limiting planes of a room or space, e.g. cells; Moulds for making prefabricated stair units
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
- E04G11/06—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
- E04G11/08—Forms, which are completely dismantled after setting of the concrete and re-built for next pouring
- E04G11/082—Retractable forms for the inside face of at least three walls
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G17/00—Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings
- E04G17/001—Corner fastening or connecting means for forming or stiffening elements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La presente invención se refiere a un encofrado, destinado a la construcción de viviendas prefabricadas, concretamente a base e hormigón armado. The present invention relates to a formwork, intended for the construction of prefabricated houses, specifically based and reinforced concrete.
El objeto de la invención es conseguir un encofrado que resulte fácilmente montable y desmontable a pie de obra, y consecuentemente también fácilmente desmontable, centrándose fundamentalmente la invención en el sistema de acoplamiento/desacoplamiento entre los paneles encofrados que constituyen cada paramento del edificio. The object of the invention is to achieve a formwork that is easily mountable and detachable on site, and consequently also easily removable, the invention being fundamentally focused on the coupling / decoupling system between the formwork panels that constitute each building wall.
La industria de la construcción es una de las que menos ha evolucionado con el tiempo, de manera que en la actualidad se siguen manteniendo los sistemas de construcción tradicionales, que requieren una mano de obra cualificada, gran esfuerzo físico, tiempo de construcción largo, incertidumbre en cuanto a la calidad y costos al finalizar la obra, etc. The construction industry is one that has evolved less over time, so that traditional construction systems are still being maintained, which require a skilled workforce, great physical effort, long construction time, uncertainty in terms of quality and costs at the end of the work, etc.
No obstante ha habido intentos de alcanzar soluciones industrializadas, que pueden ser clasificadas en dos grandes grupos, por un lado aquellas en las que se prefabrican los paneles correspondientes a cada However, there have been attempts to reach industrialized solutions, which can be classified into two large groups, on the one hand those in which the panels corresponding to each
paramento, tabique o pared, de manera que estos módulos se montan wall, partition or wall, so that these modules are mounted
- posteriormente en obra, lo que requiere de uniones a través de soldadura o later on site, which requires unions through welding or
- tomillería, generando falta de estanqueidad en las uniones, resueltas en su tomillería, generating lack of tightness in the unions, resolved in their
- mayoría con el uso de elastómeros o siliconas de difícil colocación y con un most with the use of elastomers or silicones of difficult placement and with a
- 5 5
- alto mantenimiento posterior. high back maintenance
- La otra opción consiste en prefabricar módulos tridimensionales, The other option is to prefabricate three-dimensional modules,
- es is
- decir bloques prismáticos obtenidos en centros de producción, con la say prismatic blocks obtained in centers of production, with the
- problemática que supone su desplazamiento desde dichos centros hasta el problematic that involves its displacement from these centers to the
- 1 O 1 o
- lugar de la obra, requiriéndose el uso de grúas, la utilización de elementos construction site, requiring the use of cranes, the use of elements
- pesados heavy
- de difícil manejo en obra, escasa versatilidad en cuanto a las from hard driving in work, limited versatility in how much to the
- posibilidades de diseño, etc. design possibilities, etc.
- Un tercer sistema, teóricamente factible, consistiría en efectuar en A third system, theoretically feasible, would consist in carrying out
- 15 fifteen
- obra el montaje de un encofrado con el que se obtuviesen simultáneamente works the assembly of a formwork with which they were obtained simultaneously
- todos los tabiques o paramentos de la obra enlazadas entre sí con carácter all partitions or walls of the work linked together with character
- monopieza, pero este sistema car, but this system
- no ha podido ser llevado a la práctica por no has been able to be taken to practice for
- cuanto que existen graves problemas de desencofrado que hasta la fecha lo since there are serious problems of formwork that to date what
- han venido haciendo inviable con unos resultados aceptables, es decir con una they have been becoming unfeasible with acceptable results, that is to say with a
- 20 twenty
- perfecta alineación de paramentos, en ausencia de falsas escuadras y de perfect alignment of walls, in absence of false squads and of
- problemas de verticalidad, etc. verticality problems, etc.
El encofrado para viviendas prefabricadas que la invención propone resuelve de forma plenamente satisfactoria la problemática anteriormente expuesta e inherente al tercer sistema constructivo citado, y a partir del proyecto de la vivienda de que se trate en cada caso, se diseña el
The formwork for prefabricated houses that the invention proposes solves in a fully satisfactory way the problem previously exposed and inherent to the third construction system mentioned, and from the housing project in question in each case, the design is designed
- molde o encofrado mediante paneles metálicos de dimensiones coincidentes mold or formwork using metal panels of matching dimensions
- con cada uno de los paramentos participantes en la vivienda, de manera que with each of the participant walls in the house, so that
- estos paneles metálicos resultan fácilmente transportables con el concurso de these metal panels are easily transportable with the contest of
- una pequeña grúa utilizable igualmente para el montaje de dichos paneles y a small crane also usable for the assembly of said panels and
- 5 5
- de manera que no se generan juntas en la pared terminada, utilizando para la so that no joints are generated in the finished wall, using for
- unión entre paneles elementos de fijación móviles y de fácil colocación, tal connection between panels mobile fasteners and easy placement, such
- como se verá mas adelante. as will be seen later.
- Simultáneamente al acoplamiento entre paneles metálicos, de Simultaneously to the coupling between metal panels, of
- 1 O 1 o
- acuerdo con el proyecto de la vivienda, se realiza el ajuste y fijación de los according to the housing project, the adjustment and fixation of the
- mismos con la colaboración de los clásicos pasadores utilizados en placas de themselves with the collaboration of the classic pins used in plates
- encofrado, consiguiéndose un molde que se ajusta formal y dimensionalmente formwork, getting a mold that fits formally and dimensionally
- a dicha vivienda, con sus aberturas correspondientes a puertas y ventanas, y to said dwelling, with its openings corresponding to doors and windows, and
- en cuyo seno resultan fácilmente implantables las canalizaciones y caJas in which the pipes and boxes are easily implantable
- 15 fifteen
- correspondientes a instalaciones eléctricas, de fontanería, etc. corresponding to electrical installations, plumbing, etc.
- Como anteriormente se ha dicho, este sistema presentaba hasta As previously stated, this system presented up to
- ahora problemas de desmoldeo, fundamentalmente por la parte interior del now demolding problems, mainly on the inside of the
- molde. mold.
- 20 twenty
- Para resolver este problema y de acuerdo con la esencialidad de la To solve this problem and according to the essentiality of the
- invención, se ha previsto que el acoplamiento a escuadra de los paneles invention, it is provided that the square coupling of the panels
- metálicos se realice con la colaboración de un perfil angular, que establece Metallic is done with the collaboration of an angular profile, which establishes
- continuidad superficial con dichos paneles metálicos en lo que a la superficie surface continuity with said metal panels as far as the surface
- 25 25
- del encofrado se refiere, es decir que actúa como nexo de unión entre ellos formwork refers, that is, acts as a link between them
- con el concurso de los clásicos bulones o pasadores de fijación, presentando with the contest of the classic bolts or fixing pins, presenting
- este perfil angular una anchura en cada una de sus ramas variable, this angular profile a width in each of its variable branches,
- concretamente progresivamente creciente en sentido ascendente, de manera concretely progressively increasing upwards, so
- que el encuentro con los laterales se resuelve con una pendiente constante de that the encounter with the sides is resolved with a constant slope of
- 30 30
- aproximadamente el4%. approximately 4%.
Esto permite, una vez retraídos los pasadores del bloqueo entre los paneles metálicos y el perfil angular, un fácil desencofrado de dicho perfil angular, sin mas que efectuar un ligero desplazamiento ascendente del mismo. This allows, once the locking pins between the metal panels and the angular profile are retracted, an easy removal of said angular profile, without making a slight upward movement thereof.
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica del mismo, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente: To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. In an illustrative and non-limiting manner, the following has been represented:
La figura 1.-Muestra una vista en alzado lateral del perfil angular participante en un encofrado para viviendas prefabricadas, que constituye el objeto de la presente invención. Figure 1.- Shows a side elevation view of the participating angular profile in a formwork for prefabricated houses, which constitutes the object of the present invention.
La figura 2.-Muestra un detalle en sección transversal del perfil de la figura anterior, a nivel de la zona extrema superior del mismo. Figure 2.- Shows a cross-sectional detail of the profile of the previous figure, at the level of the upper end zone thereof.
La figura 3.-Muestra una representación similar a la figura 2, pero correspondiente a un nivel medio en altura del perfil. Figure 3.- Shows a representation similar to Figure 2, but corresponding to an average level in height of the profile.
La figura 4.-Muestra a su vez otra sección similar a las figuras 2 y 3, pero en este caso a nivel extremo inferior del perfil de la figura l. Figure 4.- In turn shows another section similar to Figures 2 and 3, but in this case at the lower end level of the profile of Figure 1.
La figura 5.-Muestra una vista en alzado de un panel metálico destinado a acoplarse a través de uno de sus bordes laterales al perfil angular
Figure 5.- Shows an elevation view of a metal panel intended to be coupled through one of its lateral edges to the angular profile.
de las figuras anteriores. of the previous figures.
La figura 6.-Muestra una vista parcial en perspectiva de la confluencia a escuadra entre dos paneles metálicos con interposición del perfil de la figura 1, el cual aparece en situación de desmontaje o desencofrado. Figure 6.- Shows a partial perspective view of the square confluence between two metal panels with interposition of the profile of Figure 1, which appears in a situation of disassembly or removal.
La figura 7.-Muestra un detalle en planta de la unión entre un panel metálico como el de la figura 5 y un perfil angular como el de la figura Figure 7.- Shows a plan detail of the connection between a metal panel like that of Figure 5 and an angular profile like that of Figure
l. l.
La figura 8.-Muestra, finalmente, una vista en alzado y en detalle de la figura anterior. Figure 8 shows, finally, an elevation and detailed view of the previous figure.
A la vista de las figuras reseñadas puede observarse como el encofrado que se preconiza, como en cualquier otro encofrado para la obtención de tabiques o muros de hormigón, participan una serie de paneles metálicos ( 1 ), a base de una chapa metálica convenientemente enmarcada y arriostrada, que puede incorporar un amplio orificio (2) correspondiente a una puerta o ventana, como en el caso de la figura 5, o carecer de aberturas como en el caso de la figura 6. In view of the aforementioned figures, it can be seen how the formwork that is recommended, as in any other formwork for obtaining concrete partitions or walls, involves a series of metal panels (1), based on a conveniently framed metal sheet and braced, which can incorporate a wide hole (2) corresponding to a door or window, as in the case of Figure 5, or lack openings as in the case of Figure 6.
De acuerdo ya con la invención, los paneles (1, 1 ') destinados a acoplarse a escuadra en correspondencia con uno de los ángulos de la vivienda, en lugar de fijarse directamente el uno al otro, lo hacen con la interposición de un perfil angular (3) que presenta la especial particularidad,
In accordance with the invention, the panels (1, 1 ') intended to be squarely coupled in correspondence with one of the angles of the house, instead of being fixed directly to each other, do so with the interposition of an angular profile (3) that presents the special feature,
como se observa en las figuras 1 a 4, de que su sección es variable, as seen in figures 1 to 4, that its section is variable,
- concretamente creciente en sentido ascendente, de manera que para un specifically rising upwards, so that for a
- encofrado de, por ejemplo, 2.737 mm de altura, el perfil arranca en su base formwork of, for example, 2,737 mm high, the profile starts at its base
- inferior con un desarrollo en ángulo recto de 1 00 x 1 00 mm y se remata por bottom with a right angle development of 1 00 x 1 00 mm and is topped by
- 5 5
- su parte superior con un desarrollo de 209 x 209 mm, es decir que la its upper part with a development of 209 x 209 mm, that is to say that the
- magnitud de su ala es algo mas de doble en su extremidad superior que en su magnitude of its wing is more than double in its upper limb than in its
- extremidad inferior. lower limb
- Esto permite que, como se observa en la figura 6, en el momento This allows, as seen in Figure 6, at the time
- 1 O 1 o
- de desencofrado y tras la liberación de los paneles metálicos, como se verá of formwork and after the release of the metal panels, as will be seen
- seguidamente, el perfil angular (3) resulte fácilmente extraíble por then the angular profile (3) is easily removable by
- desplazamiento vertical ascendente, tras lo que también resultan fácilmente vertical upward displacement, after which they are also easily
- desmontables los paneles metálicos (1, 1 '). Detachable metal panels (1, 1 ').
- 15 fifteen
- Complementariamente y como muestra la figura 5, el panel (1) In addition and as shown in Figure 5, the panel (1)
- destinado a acoplarse al perfil angular (3), deberá presentar un borde de intended to be coupled to the angular profile (3), it must have an edge of
- acoplamiento ( 4) con la misma inclinación que el borde correspondiente del coupling (4) with the same inclination as the corresponding edge of the
- perfil angular (3), es decir que dicho panel (1) se estrechará progresivamente angular profile (3), that is to say that said panel (1) will progressively narrow
- en sentido ascendente a expensas de uno de sus bordes laterales, en la misma upwards at the expense of one of its side edges, in the same
- 20 twenty
- proporción en la que se ensancha el perfil angular (3). proportion in which the angular profile is widened (3).
- Por lo demás y como es convencional, el perfil angular (3) estará For the rest and as is conventional, the angular profile (3) will be
- dotado de cartelas rigidizadoras transversales ( 5) adecuadamente distribuidas equipped with transverse stiffeners (5) properly distributed
- a lo largo del mismo, y los medios de fijación entre paneles y perfiles serán along it, and the means of fixing between panels and profiles will be
- 25 25
- los clásicos pasadores (6) desplazables sobre guías (7, 7'), tal como muestra the classic pins (6) movable on guides (7, 7 '), as shown
- la figura 7, provistos además de un tope (8) y de una ranura (9) que, con la Figure 7, also provided with a stop (8) and a groove (9) which, with the
- colaboración de una cuña ( 1 0), permite una sólida fijación a testa entre collaboration of a wedge (1 0), allows a solid fixation between
- piezas, como se desprende de la observación de las figuras 7 y 8. pieces, as can be seen from the observation in figures 7 and 8.
Claims (1)
- 1a.Encofrado para viviendas prefabricadas, del tipo de los que 1st formwork for prefabricated houses, of the type of which
- están compuestos mediante una pluralidad de paneles metálicos de they are composed of a plurality of metal panels of
- 5 5
- dimensiones coincidentes con cada uno de los paramentos participantes en la dimensions coinciding with each of the participant walls in the
- vivienda y destinados a fijarse entre sí con la colaboración de pasadores de housing and intended to be fixed with each other in collaboration with pins
- bloqueo, con topes y cuñas de enclavamiento, que presionan entre sí paneles locking, with stops and interlocking wedges, which press panels together
- adyacentes, caracterizado porque en correspondencia con la parte interior del adjacent, characterized in that in correspondence with the inner part of the
- molde y en correspondencia a su vez con cada esquina o confluencia entre mold and corresponding in turn with each corner or confluence between
- 1 O 1 o
- dos paneles metálicos (1, 1') perpendiculares entre sí, incorpora un perfil two metal panels (1, 1 ') perpendicular to each other, incorporates a profile
- angular (3 ), cuyas ramas laterales están destinadas a adaptarse a los citados y angular (3), whose lateral branches are intended to adapt to the aforementioned and
- respectivos paneles metálicos ( 1, 1 '), pero con la particularidad de que dicho respective metal panels (1, 1 '), but with the particularity that said
- perfil es de sección variable a lo largo del mismo, concretamente de sección profile is of variable section along it, specifically section
- progresivamente creciente, mientras que cada uno de los paneles ( 1, 1') que progressively increasing, while each of the panels (1, 1 ') that
- 15 fifteen
- confluyen sobre dicho perfil angular (3), presenta su borde ( 4) converge on said angular profile (3), presents its edge (4)
- correspondiente afectado por una inclinación coincidente por la determinada corresponding affected by a coincident inclination by the determined
- por la sección variable del perfil angular (3), todo ello de forma que dicho by the variable section of the angular profile (3), all so that said
- perfil angular (3) es extraíble, en fase de desencofrado o desmontaje, angular profile (3) is removable, in phase of decoupling or disassembly,
- mediante desplazamiento vertical ascendente del mismo. by vertical upward displacement thereof.
- 20 twenty
- 2a.-Encofrado para viviendas prefabricadas, según reivindicación 2nd-Formwork for prefabricated houses, according to claim
- 1, caracterizado porque el encuentro de cada uno de los paneles metálicos ( 1, 1, characterized in that the encounter of each of the metal panels (1,
- 1') con el perfil angular intermedio (3), se resuelve con una pendiente 1 ') with the intermediate angular profile (3), is solved with a slope
- constante del orden del4%. constant of the order of 4%.
- 25 25
- Encofrado para viviendas prefabricadas, según Formwork for prefabricated houses, according to
- reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque para una altura de los previous claims, characterized in that for a height of
- paramentos, es decir de dos paneles metálicos estándar del orden de 2, 70 m, walls, that is to say two standard metal panels of the order of 2, 70 m,
- el perfil angular (3) presenta una anchura en cada una de sus alas the angular profile (3) has a width in each of its wings
- 30 30
- constitutivas del ángulo recto una amplitud del orden de 100 mm en su constituting the right angle an amplitude of the order of 100 mm in its
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES201100677A ES2393904B1 (en) | 2011-06-14 | 2011-06-14 | FORMWORK FOR PREFABRICATED HOUSES. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES201100677A ES2393904B1 (en) | 2011-06-14 | 2011-06-14 | FORMWORK FOR PREFABRICATED HOUSES. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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ES2393904A1 true ES2393904A1 (en) | 2012-12-28 |
ES2393904B1 ES2393904B1 (en) | 2013-11-06 |
Family
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ES201100677A Active ES2393904B1 (en) | 2011-06-14 | 2011-06-14 | FORMWORK FOR PREFABRICATED HOUSES. |
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Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1396953A (en) * | 1971-05-26 | 1975-06-11 | Housing Systems Inc | Building construction system |
US4300746A (en) * | 1977-09-14 | 1981-11-17 | Schoen Investments, Inc. | Apparatus and method for manufacturing concrete structural modules |
FR2525952A1 (en) * | 1982-04-28 | 1983-11-04 | Royer Fernand | Open top precast concrete box mould - uses four wall pans and floor pan in internal mould with vertical tapered inserts forming corners |
US5251868A (en) * | 1992-04-20 | 1993-10-12 | Precise Forms, Inc. | Connector pin assembly for concrete form panel units |
US5524861A (en) * | 1994-04-22 | 1996-06-11 | Modal Systems, Inc. | Reusable mold for constructing housing units and method of use thereof |
US6626414B1 (en) * | 1999-06-25 | 2003-09-30 | Gds Group Limited | Concrete casting sliding corner system |
US20050005575A1 (en) * | 2003-07-09 | 2005-01-13 | Durand Forms Incorporated | Concrete forming system |
-
2011
- 2011-06-14 ES ES201100677A patent/ES2393904B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1396953A (en) * | 1971-05-26 | 1975-06-11 | Housing Systems Inc | Building construction system |
US4300746A (en) * | 1977-09-14 | 1981-11-17 | Schoen Investments, Inc. | Apparatus and method for manufacturing concrete structural modules |
FR2525952A1 (en) * | 1982-04-28 | 1983-11-04 | Royer Fernand | Open top precast concrete box mould - uses four wall pans and floor pan in internal mould with vertical tapered inserts forming corners |
US5251868A (en) * | 1992-04-20 | 1993-10-12 | Precise Forms, Inc. | Connector pin assembly for concrete form panel units |
US5524861A (en) * | 1994-04-22 | 1996-06-11 | Modal Systems, Inc. | Reusable mold for constructing housing units and method of use thereof |
US6626414B1 (en) * | 1999-06-25 | 2003-09-30 | Gds Group Limited | Concrete casting sliding corner system |
US20050005575A1 (en) * | 2003-07-09 | 2005-01-13 | Durand Forms Incorporated | Concrete forming system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2393904B1 (en) | 2013-11-06 |
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