ES2385574T3 - Procedure for the manufacture of concrete blocks or concrete slabs - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the production of concrete blocks or concrete slabs of varying formats and sizes, whereby concrete is filled into moulds (2) for several blocks or slabs, the surface layer of which or the facing concrete layer (3) of which has a base colour and the surfaces of which have regions of different colours, the concrete is puddled by means of vibration and/or tamping and subsequently hardened, whereby, before puddling, at least one portion of a pigmented and/or variously-pigmented and/or a colour- and/or various colour-containing finishing material is projected by means of at least one application device (4).

Description

Procedure for the manufacture of concrete blocks or concrete slabs

The invention relates to a process for manufacturing concrete blocks or concrete slabs of different formats and dimensions, in which molds for multiple blocks or slabs are filled with concrete, according to the preamble of claims 1 to 3.

It is usual to incorporate the base concrete used for concrete blocks and concrete slabs in molds, then add the concrete wall and then compact the concrete blocks or concrete slabs.

However, it is also possible to manufacture concrete blocks or concrete slabs in a single stage procedure, without using concrete.

In this case, it is known the technique of providing the surface layer in the one-step process, or the parament concrete layer, as desired, a base color that, without coloring, may correspond to the color of the concrete, or which is pigmented with different colors, to make concrete blocks or concrete slabs of different colors.

Additionally, according to EP-1,017,554 B1, it is known the technique of manufacturing the concrete mortar that forms the facing layer by means of various pigmented layers that accumulate one on top of the other in the tank and move freely towards down in the tank, they are mixed and that, directed by bollards, access the bottom to form a veined protective layer that is then compacted. In this case, it is a functional procedure, with which, however, veined parts of different colors are generated that meet only in a limited way the optical requirements of concrete blocks or concrete slabs, which should have an aspect similar to that of natural stone, since colored structures are obtained in the form of spots.

The document defining category EP-A-1,431,014, additionally known, describes a process for manufacturing modular elements according to the preambles of claims 1 to 3, in which on the concrete surface layer or on the concrete wall layer spherules are dispersed or deposited, consisting of pure glass, semi-pure glass or turned ceramic. The spherules are incorporated into the concrete surface layer or the concrete wall layer through a compaction procedure. The elements are designed to be used in road traffic, where the spherules must reflect the light of the vehicles in order to increase traffic safety. On the contrary, an embodiment in which the surfaces of the concrete blocks or the concrete slabs resemble veined or mottled natural stones is not claimed. The document does not disclose the way in which the spherules should be applied. Finally, no data are provided on the size of the spherical grain.

Document FR-A-2,239,853 discloses a procedure for manufacturing decorated concrete slabs. According to the procedure, a mixture is introduced into a mold that, after demolding, forms the surface of the plate. This mixture may contain various pigmentations and powder additives such as silica, marble and other materials, with a thickness of 3 to 5 mm being provided. This concrete layer may also contain other added substances, for example of a chemical nature. The mold is then filled with an additional mixture, after which it is compacted and dried. The addition of other refining material on the concrete facing layer, nor its inclusion in the mold before incorporating the mixture, is not foreseen.

EP-A-0.813.942 describes a process for manufacturing molded parts and a press for carrying out this procedure. In this case, a procedure and a press that generate considerably higher pressures than those produced by vibration compaction or compression pressing should be made available. With this high pressure, special surface designs or pigmented compositions must then be produced on the outer layer, and it is also possible to incorporate a layer under pressure on the molded part without adding binders. As described for the press, this process is carried out by means of additional filling carts.

The manufacture of surfaces that resemble veined or mottled natural stones is not claimed. No data are provided on the grain sizes of the material in the binder free layer.

Therefore, the invention has the mission of making available a process whereby the surfaces of concrete blocks or concrete slabs show an appearance very similar to that of veined and / or mottled natural stones. In this case, a structured surface must be formed in which reefs and / or veins and / or directed specks dominate.

The task of the invention is solved by introducing, by means of an application device, at least a portion of a pigmented and / or pigmented refinement material onto the surface layer or the concrete concrete layer, before compaction. or colored and / or of a different color. In this way, the possibility of obtaining surfaces equipped with lines, streaks or specks that show an appearance similar to the natural structure of the natural stone is generated. Through variations of the application device, the portion or portions and the refinement material can obtain or vary these surfaces. Under these circumstances, the base color of the surface layer or of the concrete facing layer also plays a role, ranging from uncolored concrete to concrete of different colors.

In the sense of the procedural technique, the term "introduce" also means "to project", "throw" or "blow" the improvement material on the surface layer or the concrete wall layer.

Advantageously, the perfecting material is a mixture of pigmented and / or pigmented concrete in a different way that, thanks to its application on the surface, provides the special optical appearance. Depending on whether the concrete mixture is initially deposited on the surface or that its compaction is carried out on it, a good bond is achieved with the surface layer or the concrete wall layer.

The refinement material may also show or contain small granules of ore, so that different surface materials can be included in the surface layer or in the concrete layer of different colors, also granulations of semiprecious stones or precious stones, or mica or metal shavings or plastic or glass particles. The improvement material can also be any mixture of minerals. The improvement material has a graded particle size with a grain diameter of 2 mm maximum.

The concrete wall or the surface concrete layer has a fine grain granulometric structure, less than or equal to the C4 sieve boundary line. C4 designates a fine grain granulometric structure, known to those skilled in the art, of grains with a diameter between 0 and 4.0 mm. For the evaluation, standardized screening tests with established sieve meshes are carried out.

A built-in portion may contain different refining materials, different pigmented concrete mixtures, including mineral grains or mixtures of mineral grains, or granules, or mineral chips or particles.

Multiple portions of the same or different refinement materials per portion may also be included in the mold, as well as multiple portions of the refinement material arranged sequentially on the surface of a mold.

According to the invention, it is proposed that the application device has at least one centrifugal disk or a bucket wheel, a projection arm or a catapult to which the refinement material or portions are fed. These and other application devices, which are described below, can be moved on the mold or at its side, and different portions can also be fed at different time intervals.

In a further configuration, it is proposed that the application device has at least one dosing tank containing refinement material, provided with a dosing element, wherein the dosing tank moves with regular or irregular speed on the mold.

In this case, vibrations or shock impacts, generated regularly and / or irregularly and / or intermittently, are preferably applied to the dosing element.

Different dosage materials and / or different portions of improvement materials can be fed to the dosing element along its length.

The dosing tank may also be arranged on the leading edge of the dosing carriage for the concrete facing.

Additionally, it is proposed to construct the application device in the form of tubulators, through which the or the portions of improvement material are projected on the surface layer or the concrete facing layer. A particularly appropriate distribution on the mold is achieved when the end of the tubing is shaped like a nozzle.

The fact that the projection is carried out by means of compressed air also contributes to a good distribution. The projection of the refinement material can also take place by means of a prestressed piston and operated by springs, whose locking device can be suddenly opened for projection.

Preferably, the application device can be moved on the mold or at its side. In this sense, it can show or reach different travel speeds, where inverse travel can also be advantageous. Depending on the dimensions of the mold and the color supply of the application device with the refinement material, multiple and also different devices can be used for a single mold, in order to obtain a uniform distribution of the projection, or a projection pattern of special characteristics of the improvement material on the layers.

Preferably, deflector plates are used in the application device, since this type of bucket wheels or projection arms, as well as the tubulators, can have a greater dispersion.

Through the application devices, multiple portions of the refinement material can be sequentially projected, in which case, as described above, they may be different refinement materials.

Additionally, it is proposed that the mixture of pigmented or colored concrete differently, or also the parament concrete or the concrete surface layer, be modified with synthetic material and / or with a mixture of silicate and concrete.

The mineral granules or the mixture of mineral granules or granules may be mixed with an organic or inorganic binder. Preferably, the binder is colorless and is mixed before application with mineral granules or mixtures thereof, or granules, or shavings, or particles, where it is used as an organic binder, for example, an acrylate dispersion and, as an inorganic binder , for example, a silicate.

Before, but preferably after compaction, an organic or inorganic product that is preferably colorless can be applied on the surfaces of the concrete blocks or concrete slabs, before or also after hardening. In this case, it is a process of impregnation, sealing or coating of concrete blocks or concrete slabs, through which a longer duration and protection against stains is achieved, reducing or preventing limestone efflorescences at the same time. .

The surfaces and / or edges of the surfaces of the concrete blocks or concrete slabs can be treated with brushes, after final compaction and before sealing, thereby producing structured and / or granulated and / or smoothed edges and / or without highlights.

To explain the invention in more detail, reference is made to the drawing, in which a simplified embodiment of the invention is represented in a simplified manner.

It shows:

Unique figure: perspective view of a mold board with concrete blocks and an application device.

In the single figure, a mold board is designated with the number 1, on which a mold designated with the number 2 is arranged. The mold 2 shows a large number of continuous openings (35 pieces in the figure), in which introduces concrete, on which a layer of concrete wall designated with the number 3 is applied, and which is visible. Although not seen in the figure, the concrete wall is pigmented. Additionally, an application device is generally designated with the number 4, which contains a spin disk, designated with the number 5. The plane of the spin disk is approximately parallel to the surface of the mold 2, and is oriented towards it with a certain distance The application device 4 can be moved along the face arranged in the figure, but it can also be moved along the remaining faces of the mold, so that it is possible to reach any of the layers of concrete facing 3. a funnel, designated with the number 6, is arranged above the centrifugation disc 5, which contains, although not visible, improvement material. The funnel 6 has at its end oriented towards the centrifugation disc 5 (not shown) a device for opening and closing the funnel outlet, so that different portions of the refinement material can be directed towards the centrifugation disc. Above the centrifugal disc, multiple funnels may be arranged containing different improvement materials, in order to project different improvement materials on different dosages on the surfaces of the concrete walls of parament 3. Also the spin frequency of the spin disk 5 and its height relative to the mold 2 can be selected and adjusted according to the needs, even during the spin travel, as well as the travel speed along the mold.

Additionally, with the number 7 a guiding device is designated that prevents the accidental projection of improvement material through the centrifugal disk, in particular outside the mold 2, and which orients the projection direction towards the mold 2.

List of reference numbers

one

Mold board

2

 Mold

3

Concrete facing layers

4

Application device

5

Spin disk

6

Funnel

7

Guiding device

5

Claims (26)

one.

 Procedure for manufacturing concrete blocks or concrete slabs of different formats and dimensions, in which concrete is poured into molds (2) for multiple blocks or slabs, whose parament concrete layer (3) shows a base color, the concrete it is compacted by vibration and / or compression and, subsequently, hardens, where at least a portion of a material is applied on the concrete facing layer (3) before compaction, characterized in that the material is a material of pigmented and / or pigmented improvement in a different way and / or that exhibits a color and / or different colors, which is projected by means of at least one application device (4), because the improvement material has a controlled granulometry, with a grain diameter of at least 2 mm, because the application device (4) has at least one centrifugal disk (5), a bucket wheel, a projection arm, or a catapult, at which e the refinement material is fed, and because the parament concrete has a granulated structure of fine grain, finer or similar to the limit line of screening C4, and because the surfaces of the layer (3) of concrete facing They contain dots that exhibit different colors.

2.

 Procedure for manufacturing concrete blocks or concrete slabs of different formats and dimensions, in which concrete is poured into molds (2) for multiple blocks or slabs, whose parament concrete layer (3) shows a base color, the concrete it is compacted by vibration and / or by compression and, subsequently, hardens, where, before compaction, at least a portion of a material is projected on the concrete facing layer (3), characterized in that the material is a pigmented and / or pigmented refinement material in a different way and / or that exhibits a color and / or different colors, which is projected by means of at least one application device (4), because the refining material has a particle size controlled, with a grain diameter of at least 2 mm, because the application device (4) has at least one dosing tank containing an improvement material, equipped with a dosing strip ication, where the application device moves with regular or irregular speed over the mold, and because the concrete wall has a granulated structure of fine grain, finer or similar to the C4 screening limit line, and why surfaces of the concrete wall layer (3) contain dots that exhibit different colors.

3.

 Procedure for manufacturing concrete blocks or concrete slabs of different formats and dimensions, in which concrete is poured into molds (2) for multiple blocks or slabs, whose parament concrete layer (3) shows a base color, the concrete it is compacted by vibration and / or by compression and, subsequently, hardens, where, before compaction, at least a portion of a material is projected on the concrete facing layer (3), characterized in that the material is a pigmented and / or pigmented refinement material in a different way and / or that exhibits a color and / or different colors, which is projected by means of at least one application device (4), because the refining material has a particle size controlled, with a grain diameter of at least 2 mm, because the application device (4) has at least one tubulator to which one or several different improvement materials are fed, which they are expelled or projected on the concrete wall of paramento (3) by said tubulator, and because the concrete of paramento presents a granulated structure of fine grain, finer or similar to the limit line of screening C4, and why the surfaces of the concrete wall layer (3) contain dots that exhibit different colors.

Four.

 Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the improvement material is a mixture of pigmented concrete and / or has different colorations.

5.

 Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the concrete of the wall is modified by a synthetic material and / or has a mixture of silicate and concrete.

6.

 Process according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the improvement material is composed of, or contains mineral granules.

7.

 Process according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the improvement material is composed of, or contains a mixture of minerals.

8.

 Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mineral granules or mixtures of mineral granules or granulations are mixed with an organic or inorganic binder.

9.

 Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the improvement material is composed of, or contains granulations of semiprecious stones, precious stones, mica, or metallic shavings or particles of synthetic material.

10.

 Method according to claim 2, characterized in that vibrations or shock impacts are exerted on the dosing strip, which are carried out on a regular and / or irregular and / or intermittent basis.

eleven.

 Method according to one of claims 2 or 10, characterized in that different refining materials and / or different portions of refining material are fed to the dosing strip.

12.

 Method according to one of claims 2, 10 or 11, characterized in that the dosing tank is mounted on the front part of the dosing carriage for the concrete facing.

13.

 Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the tubing is equipped with a spring-loaded piston to form a type of projection apparatus.

14.

 Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the projection is carried out by means of compressed air.

fifteen.

 Method according to one of claims 3, 13 or 14, characterized in that the ejector end of the tubular is configured as a nozzle.

16.

 Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a portion contains different improvement materials.

17.

 Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that multiple portions are projected on the surface of a mold (2).

18.

 Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that multiple portions of improvement material are projected sequentially on the surface of a mold (2).

19.

 Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the application device

(4) moves on or to the side of the mold (2) during the application of the improvement material. 20. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the application device (4) travels above or beside the mold (2) with different travel speed and / or travel direction.

twenty-one.

 Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that multiple application devices (4) are used for a mold (2).

22

 Method according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that multiple different application devices (4) are used for a mold (2).

2. 3.

 Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the application devices (4) have guide plates or baffle plates (7).

24.

 Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concrete of the wall is modified by a synthetic material and / or has a mixture of silicate and concrete.

25.

 Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, before or after compaction and before or after hardening, an organic or inorganic agent is applied on the surfaces of the concrete blocks or concrete slabs.

26.

 Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after final compaction and before hardening or sealing, the surfaces and / or the edges of the surfaces of the concrete blocks or the concrete slabs are treated with a brush, producing this way structured and / or granulated and / or smoothed edges and / or without protrusions.