ES2374796T3 - MOLD TO MANUFACTURE MOLDED CONCRETE BLOCKS. - Google Patents

Abstract

For a mold (FO) for producing concrete blocks, having at least one mold core (FK) held on a core support strip (KHL), an advantageous connection of the core holder strip (KHL) to a sidewall (QWA; QWI) bounding the mold cavities (FN) of the mold, and/or to the mold core is described.

Description

Mold to manufacture molded concrete blocks.

The invention concerns a mold for manufacturing molded concrete blocks.

For the industrial manufacture of concrete molded blocks, molds are used that are held in a molding machine and seated on a support base that can be induced to perform vertical vibrations of the type of shaking. A mold of this class contains at least one and typically several molding nests open above and below that are laterally bounded by walls of said molding nests. Due to the settlement on the support base, the lower openings are closed and a mixture of concrete is loaded into the molding nests through the upper openings. Pressure plates introduced by the upper openings press on the concrete mixture, which solidifies during a shaking process producing stably molded concrete blocks that can be removed from the mold after elevating this mold through the lower openings of molding nests.

Especially in molded blocks of high-volume concrete, such as, for example, hollow bricks, blocks for slopes or macetones, molding males spaced apart from their side walls are frequently placed inside the molding nests, which determine cavities in the block finished. Such molded blocks are retained in a defined position by means of bar slats that encompass molding nests. The slats are in turn held on the side walls and inserted there in recesses.

Due to the high forces that are especially present during the shaking process, the male slats are exposed to high alternative stresses and often there are breaks of male slats as damages produced in such molds. Therefore, the slat holders can also be detachably retained in the side walls and / or in the molding males. For this purpose, for example, from DE10146344A1, plug connections between walls of molding nests and male slats are known. It is known from WO 2006/128458 A1 the resource of plugging male slats from above into recesses in the form of intermediate wall grooves and joining the slat holder and the grooves by mutually engaged projections and depressions, thus establishing a coupling of form against a vertical extraction of the slat holder. Likewise, the resource of enlarging the recesses of the side walls is known so that they move laterally away from the slatted rails and screw fastening bodies in the widened recesses that imprison the stallion holder in the recess. For the releasable connection of the slatted beams with molding males, it is envisaged in document FR 2365418 A1 the resource of snapping fastening sleeves into holes through the slats and in aligned openings of cast iron males.

The invention is based on the problem of indicating a mold with an advantageous alternative connection of a slat holder with molding taps and / or side walls of a molding nest.

The invention is described in the independent claim. The subordinate claims contain executions and advantageous improvements of the invention.

Due to the retaining element that runs transversely to the longitudinal direction of the slat holder and that crosses a separation surface and fits especially in the slat holder strip, it is advantageously possible to form a joint of the strip holder with the at least one fixing body and , through this, a reliable fastening on the side wall and / or the molding male. In particular, the retaining element may be located within the vertical extension of the slat holder in a central area next to the neutral slat fiber in front of vertical blanks. Advantageously, the retention element is removed, in a vertical direction, from the upper edge and the lower edge of the slat holder by a measure equal to at least 20% of the height of this slat holder. Preferably, the cited neutral fiber runs within the cross-sectional area of the retaining element.

Of particular importance is an embodiment in which the slat holder is retained at least within the framework of its alternate folding during the operation of rotationally shaking in relation to at least one fixing body. Advantageously, the retention element is made for this purpose as a pin, a bolt or the like with a circular cross-section and is inserted in a recess, especially a hole in the slat holder and / or the fixing body, the strip can be advantageously rotated. male holder and / or the fixing body around the axis of the pin in at least a small measure in relation to said pin. The axis of the pin runs horizontally and transversely to the longitudinal direction of the slat holder.

At the junction of the slat holder with a side wall of the molding nest the lower edge of the slat holder preferably has a small slit with respect to the bottom of the recess of the side wall of the molding nest, so that, particularly in the vertical direction, All forces between the side wall and the slat holder are transmitted in a defined manner through the retaining element. In another embodiment it may also be provided that the lower edge of the slat holder is raised on the bottom of the recess of the side wall and the forces exerted vertically upwards from the side wall on the slat holder can be transmitted through the lower edge of the said batten holder. The recess of the fixing body can also be realized here as an elongated vertical hole or in an open downward manner. The retaining element may be prestressed here for bending.

It is especially advantageous an embodiment in which the male bar is held on a side wall by two fixing bodies, which are arranged on sides of the male carriage side facing each other and oriented in directions opposite to the longitudinal direction, and at the less a retention element. Preferably, a retaining element, especially a pin or the like, is plugged through a hole in the slat holder, especially a hole in it, and is positioned with protruding sections on both sides in corresponding recesses, especially holes in the two bodies of fixation. The two fixing bodies can also be connected to each other, preferably below the male bar, as two partial fixing bodies and can form a stirrup with a housing for the male bar. The retaining element can extend through one of the partial fixing bodies.

The designations of horizontal and vertical direction refer to the regular operating position of the mold, in which the upper and lower openings of the molding nests are spaced vertically and the longitudinal direction of the slat holder runs horizontally.

The retention element can advantageously be snapped into the hole through the slat holder. Instead of a retaining element that passes through the slat holder, separate retaining elements can also be provided that penetrate from both sides into a hole, especially a bore of the slat holder. It may also be possible to laterally secure one or two fixing bodies against the slat holder.

The fixing body is advantageously arranged directly on the side wall that limits the molding nest and forms a partial surface of the side wall in the recess of the latter. The fixing body is advantageously connected to the side wall by at least one and preferably two screw joints, whose screw shafts run in a substantially vertical direction, for which threaded holes have been made in said side wall, advantageously at the bottom of the recess of it.

Advantageously, a corresponding retention device can be provided for the preferably detachable connection between the retaining strip and a molding male. Advantageously, two joining sites with at least one respective fixing body in the longitudinal direction of the male bar are arranged here within a molding male in positions offset from one another and are connected with the male bar by a respective retaining element .

The fixing bodies can be configured in a construction mode identical or similar to that of the fixing body to join the slat holder with a side wall, minor restrictions on the available space being presented in the molding male and, therefore, being possible also embodiments of the fixing bodies and / or their fixing in the molding male which deviate more strongly from the wall fixing. The fixing bodies spaced in the longitudinal direction are fixed to the molding male preferably individually and separately from each other.

In a preferred embodiment the molding male consists at least partially of plastic, preferably fixing means to which the fixing bodies are fixedly fixed are embedded in the plastic. The plastic can be made as a connecting element with metal parts of the molding male. Preferably, the molding male is made of plastic for the most part and especially has, as a surface facing the molding nest and is in contact with concrete in the molding nest, a plastic surface. The plastic is preferably made as a solidified plastic casting body in the molding male from a liquid phase.

In the following, the invention is still illustrated with the aid of preferred embodiments and with reference to the drawings. They show in these:

Figure 1, a mold with molding males,

Figure 2, a fragment of Figure 1,

Figure 3, a sectional view of a retention device,

Figure 4, a variant corresponding to Figure 2,

Figure 5, an arrangement of stanchion holders alone, Figure 6, a stall holder for fixing it to a series of molding males,

Figure 7, the arrangement according to Figure 6 after fixing,

Figure 8, the fixing bodies with a slat holder and male fixing structures corresponding to Figure 7,

Figure 9, a section through Figure 6,

Figure 10, a section through Figure 7 and

Figure 11, a perspective view of a mold.

Figure 1 shows in a perspective view from above a FO mold for making hollow bricks. The mold presents in two rows that run in the transverse direction and of a rectangular coordinate system also drawn respective pluralities of FN molding nests. In the molding nests two respective FK molding males are arranged which follow each other at a certain distance in the longitudinal direction x and which are retained in KHL male slats. FN molding nests are limited by longitudinal walls LW in the transverse direction and and by transverse walls QWA, QWI in the longitudinal direction x. In the sketched example, the transverse walls QWI are spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction x and the intermediate space is covered by DP cover plates. With the mold according to Figure 1, for example, hollow bricks with two cavities can be manufactured.

The KHL male slats are made so that they extend continuously in the longitudinal direction between the mutually opposite outer transverse walls QWA and are inserted into recesses of the transverse walls QWA and the transverse walls QWI from the upper side of the mold and are held in side walls. The retention devices are shown in more detail in Figure 2 and in Figure 3.

In the side walls, recesses have been produced from their upper edges that contain a wider recess area AH and a narrower but deeper AL recess area. The recess areas may also have a uniform depth. Fixing bodies BK1, BK2 are arranged in opposite positions in the transverse direction and on both sides of the KHL male carrier strip and are inserted in the recess areas AH. The fixing bodies are fixed to the side wall by means of two respective screws SB, for which, GW threaded holes running in the z direction have been made in the side wall, at the bottom of the recess areas AH.

The height of the KHL male slat in the z-direction is greater, in the sketched example, than the extension of the recesses AH and of the fixing bodies BK1, BK2 in the z-direction, and the male slat enters the recess area more deep AL. The lower edge of the KHL male slat is spaced vertically from the bottom of the recess zone AL, preferably by means of a narrow slit SP.

In the slat holder a drill BL is used that runs in a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction x. A pin or bolt BO is inserted in this hole BL protruding from it on both sides. The pin BO is preferably snapped into the hole BL.

The BL hole is spaced from the upper edge of the male bar and the lower edge of said male bar, advantageously to an extent equal to at least 20% of the height of the male bar. Preferably, the phase of the neutral slat holder with respect to vertical combustion runs in the vertical zone of the BL bore.

The fixing bodies BK1, BK2 are preferably symmetrically constructed with respect to each other and each have a hole BB that runs in the transverse direction and. The areas of the pin BO that protrude in the direction and on both sides of the strip KHL are fitted in these holes BB and join the fixing bodies BK1, BK2 in the directions x and z with the strip holder by means of a coupling of established form to through the pin BO.

The fixing bodies BK1, BK2 are detachably fixed to the side wall through the joints screwed with the screws SB in the threaded holes GW.

The pin BO advantageously makes possible a relative rotation between the strip KHL and the fixing bodies BK1, BK2 around the central axis BA of the pin. Thus, a dynamic vertical bending of the slat holder is advantageously taken into account during shaking operation. Due to the small slit SP between the lower edge of the KHL male bar and the bottom of the recess zone AL on the side wall, the male bar is retained with defined force conditions only through the fixing bodies BK1, BK2 and the union of conjunction of form with these through the pin BO.

In the example sketched KHL the slat holder protrudes beyond the upper limit plane OE of the mold to a small extent. The fixing bodies BK1, BK2 are substantially flush by their lower edges with this upper limiting plane.

Figure 4 shows a modification of the embodiment according to Figure 1 and Figure 2 as a fragment of the brick field of the mold. In the example according to Figure 4 two consecutive FN molding nests in the longitudinal direction x are separated only by an intermediate plate-shaped wall and the fixing bodies BK1, BK2 arranged in recesses of this intermediate wall ZW are beveled at their edge upper to two sides and to adjacent molding nests. The lateral surfaces of the fixing bodies that look in the x-direction run flush, as in the previous example and as in the outer side walls, with the surfaces of the intermediate wall ZW facing the molding nest.

Figure 5 shows in an isolated representation an arrangement of molding males corresponding to the example of Figure 4, with a KHL stag holder, FK molding males fixed thereto and BKA fixing bodies to outer transverse walls and BKZ a the intermediate wall ZW acting as a transverse wall located between adjacent molding nests.

Figure 6 shows in perspective view an assembly representation of two constructive groups, namely a slat holder with a plurality of fixing bodies BKA, BKB and a group of four FKS molding males. Figure 7 shows the arrangement in the assembled state, in which the FKS molding males are connected with the KHL male carrier strip through the fixing bodies BKA, BKB.

The FKS molding males are constituted in an especially advantageous embodiment by plastic casting bodies, for which purpose in a casting mold that prefers the outer shape of the FKS molding males a plastic material is introduced in liquid phase and solidifies this in the mold, especially by polymerization. In an advantageous embodiment, a plastic molding male of this class also contains mechanically stabilizing structures, preferably of metal, which are advantageously already contained in the foundry mold when the liquid plastic material is introduced into said cast mold and which are bathed at least for the most part by the plastic material and, after solidification of the plastic material, they are firmly embedded in it. Such mechanically stabilizing structures, also referred to below as reinforcements, can also serve especially as fixing means for joining with the fixing bodies, since in such preferably metallic reinforcements some fixing structures specially loaded by mechanical means are made, for example as threaded holes and / or seating surfaces.

Figure 8 shows a combination of a KHL male bar and several such mechanical reinforcement structures that are connected to the male bar through BKA, BKB fixing bodies. In this case, as in the already described embodiment of the union of the slat holder with a side wall of a molding nest, in each retention position of the longitudinal path of the slat holder, two fixing bodies are arranged in pairs facing each other. another on both sides of the slat holder.

As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, two pairs of BKA or BKB fixing bodies are provided for each FKS molding, which are spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction x of the slat holder within the longitudinal extension of the respective molding male. The mutual distance in longitudinal direction between the site of attachment of the fixing bodies BKA with the slat holder, on the one hand, and the site of attachment of the fastening bodies BKB with the slat holder, on the other, advantageously amounts to at least 30% and especially at least 50% of the longitudinal extension of the molding male in the x-direction in the area of the FAL housing depression of the molding male for the KHL tap. The aforementioned mutual distance of the BKA fixing bodies to the BKB fixing bodies advantageously amounts to a maximum of 90% and especially at most 80% of the aforementioned longitudinal extension of the molding male in the area of the KHL stag holder. The upper sides of the fixing bodies BKA, BKB are advantageously located in a plane with the upper side of the molding male.

The mechanical reinforcement structures shown in Figure 8 in a perspective view are constituted in the case of the sketched example by a fixing section BR in which the fixing bodies BKA or BKB are fixedly fixed, preferably screwed. The fixing section BR extends advantageously as a bridge section under the bar with an advantageously small vertical distance thereto, passing under the bar and reaching both sides of said bar, so that both bodies BKA or BKB of a pair are each connected to the same fixing section BR. In order to achieve a stable additional anchoring of the reinforcement structures in a plastic molding male, the fixing section BR has been joined with BT anchoring structures that are advantageously embedded mostly and especially completely in the plastic material of the male molding To establish a firm anchoring of the BT anchoring elements, additional structures can be provided in these, such as, for example, AD holes, which are completely bathed by the plastic material and embedded in the hardened plastic. The fixing section BR and the anchoring structures BT can be specially welded together or made in one piece with each other. It is also possible a mechanical coupling of the fixing sections BR with the anchoring structures BT through more plastic material.

The arrangement according to Figure 8 can also be used for the manufacture of the plastic males themselves, for which purpose the arrangement is joined with cast molds that determine the external configuration of the plastic mold males and inserted into cast iron molds. the males the KHL tap with the fixing bodies BKA, BKB and with the fixing sections BR and the anchoring elements BT of the mechanical reinforcement structures. So that the males can be released from the slat holder and the fixing bodies, these can be coated so that the plastic does not adhere to them or, instead of the strip holder and the fixing bodies, replacement bodies can be provided correspondingly shaped to cause the FAA, FAB recesses for the fixing bodies, obliquely recognizable from above in Figure 6, and the FAL slot for the slat holder to be originated in the FKS molding males.

Figure 9 shows a section through Figure 6 in a plane of section y-z in the longitudinal position of BKA fixing bodies. The FKS molding male has a contour that narrows downward with lateral faces slightly inclined with respect to the vertical and a lower side that ends like a cone. This form is usual.

The fixing section BR and the reinforcing element BT are embedded and firmly anchored in the plastic material of the FKS molding, the recesses AD of the anchoring element BT are also covered by the plastic. An upper edge of the fixing section BR reaches up to FAA recesses that are open towards the upper side of the molding male and serve to receive the fixing bodies BR. In the fixing section BR, threaded holes GB are provided from the FAA recesses in which FSB fixing screws can be screwed to firmly connect the BKA fixing bodies arranged in the FAA recesses with the fixing section BR. The lower sides of the fixing bodies BKA, BKB can advantageously rest here on the lower side of the fixing section BR.

The fixing section BR has a depression AB below a FAL notch for the slat holder which, in the assembled state, is spaced from the slat holder. In the plastic of the FKS molding male, an AG slot adapted to the lower edge of the slat holder is formed, and in the assembled state shown as a sectional image in figure 10, the KHL rod is placed with its lower edge within this slot and It is pressed into the groove, preferably with prestressing. This prestressing can be generated during the fixing of the fixing bodies BKA to the fixing section BR through the fixing screws FSB, which are placed inside the holes of the fixing bodies BKA and reach through them to the section of BR fixing and penetrate the threaded holes GB of this. Pressing the lower edge of the KHL stam holder strip against the plastic surface of the groove AG advantageously obtains a connection substantially free of slack, but which, however, admits the small bending of the stamped strip during the operation of elastic deformation of the plastic .

For the connection of the BKA fixing bodies with the male bar, BO bolts are again provided, which extend through holes in the KHL male bar and are retained in both fixing bodies arranged opposite each other on both sides of the male bar .

For the connection of the BKA fixing bodies with the KHL stapler through the BO bolts, Figure 9 and Figure 10 have shown another particularly advantageous embodiment in which the BO bolts are not inserted in holes of the fixing bodies that produce immobilization on all sides radially with respect to the axis of the bolts, but in which the open grooves BKA have been milled from its lower side down open grooves in which they are placed the bolts BO. The BKA fixing bodies immobilize the BO bolts only against an upward movement and against displacements in the longitudinal direction x and in the transverse direction and of the arrangement. A downward movement of the slat holder with the bolts in relation to the fixing bodies is blocked by the application of the lower edge of the slat holder KHL to the plastic in the groove AG.

The strip KHL can be also advantageously retained in the x direction under prestressed so that it is trapped in the FAL groove of the plastic male, for which it is used during the manufacture of the plastic body, for example, a replacement body for the slat holder that has a small lower measure with respect to the slat holder. Correspondingly, the fixing bodies BKA, BKB can also be represented by reinforcing bodies during the manufacture of the plastic core.

Figure 11 shows an arrangement in which an arrangement of molding males with several males is inserted into mold nests of a mold and retained through a slat holder, in this example the slat holder is attached in the manner described, to through BK fixing bodies, both with the FKS molding males and with the QWA, QWI side walls of the mold, and the BK fixing bodies being able to be the different side walls of the fixing bodies to the molding males.

Claims (13)

one.

Mold for manufacturing molded concrete blocks, comprising at least one molding nest (FN) limited by side walls (QWI, QWA, ZW) and at least one molding male (FK, FKS) disposed within the molding nest (FN ) and retained in a slat holder (KHL) covering the molding nest, the stall holder (KHL) being placed within at least one recess (AL, FAL) of a side wall (QWI, QWA, ZW) and / or of a molding male (FK, FKS) and being held in the side wall (QWI, QWA, ZW) and / or in the molding male (FK, FKS) by a retention device, characterized in that the retention device has at least one fixing body (BK1, BK2, BKA, BKB) arranged laterally next to the slat holder (KHL), detachably fixed to the respective side wall (QWI; QWA, ZW) or to the molding male (FK; FKS ) and provided with a retaining element (BO) that crosses, transversely to the longitudinal direction (x) of the slat holder (KHL), a substantially vertical separation surface between the fixing body (BK1, BK2, BKA, BKB) and a side surface of the male bar (KHL) and joining the male bar (KHL) with the fixing body (BK1, BK2, BKA, BKB) by means of a coupling of form with these.

2.

 Mold according to claim 1, characterized in that the retention element is spaced from the upper edge and the lower edge of the slat holder (KHL) to a measure equal to at least 20% of the height of the slat holder (KHL).

3.

 Mold according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the retaining element (BO) is located in the zone of the fiber of the slat holder (KHL) neutral with respect to a vertical bending.

Four.

 Mold according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the retaining element (BO) is made in the form of a pin and fits into a recess (BL, BB, AA) of the slat holder (KHL) and / or the fixing body (BK1, BK2, BK4, BK3).

5.

 Mold according to claim 4, characterized in that the retaining element (BO) is snapped into a recess (BL, BB, AA) of the slat holder (KHL) or of the fixing body (BK1, BK2, BKA, BKB).

6.

 Mold according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the fixing body (BK1, BK2, BKA, BKB) is screwed with the side wall (QWA, QWI, ZW) and / or with the molding male (FK, FKS ).

7.

 Mold according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that two fixing bodies (BK1, BK2, BKA, BKB) are arranged opposite each other on both sides of the slat holder (KHL).

8.

 Mold according to claim 7, characterized in that the retaining element (BO) is made in a single piece between both fixing bodies (BK1, BK2, BKA, BKB) and crossing the slat holder (KHL) located between them.

9.

 Mold according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the side wall (QWA, QWI, ZW) is formed by a plate.

10.

 Mold according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the side wall is an intermediate wall (ZW) between two molding nests (FN).

eleven.

 Mold according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that two fixing bodies (BKA, BKB) are fixed to a molding male (FKS) and are then arranged so that they are offset from each other in the longitudinal direction (x ) of the slat holder (KHL).

12.

 Mold according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the molding male (FKS) is constituted at least partially by plastic and because fixing means (BR, BT) to which the body of the body is fixed are embedded in the plastic fixation (BKA) in releasable form.

13.

 Mold according to claim 12, characterized in that the plastic forms the outer surface of the molding male (FKS) turned towards the molding nest.