ES2372826A1 - Improvement introduced in the systems of channels for the passage of electrical cables. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Improvements introduced in the systems of channels for the passage of electrical cables. System comprising blocks (1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f), which are configured by a rectangular prismatic body, with longitudinal walls (11) transverse walls (12a, 12b), defining holes crossings (13), and presenting on one of the longitudinal walls (11) front openings (14) of communication of the through hole (13) with the outside to enable the passage of the vertical rods (2a) of the assembly, and the placement of pipes and installations (4) that are integrated in said wall during the construction before the interior concreting, closing the wall by finishing panels (5). In the upper contour of the side walls (11, 12a, 12b) there is at least one recess (16) for the arrangement of the horizontal rods (2b) of the reinforcement and a recess (17) for passage between the through holes (13). ) and outside, of the facilities (4) horizontally. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Improvements introduced in the systems of channels for the passage of electrical cables.

The present invention refers to some improvements introduced in the systems of channels cable glands and their accessories, whose essential characteristics are described below.

Field of the Invention

Currently due to the amount of equipment electronic, electrical and voice and data that can be found in offices, it is increasingly necessary to drive a greater number of cables to solve these needs. Each of these types of installations require that cables pass through separate conduits physically to avoid interference problems electromagnetic between them.

In the trunk facilities, that is to say general distribution in a building, you can get to pass a large amount of cables in vertical position. The channels must ensure that they support the weight of the cables and release some of this weight, to prevent the connections at the upper end from being under the tension of the weight of the cables.

In most installations due to its length several sections of cable channels must be joined, which implies that the installer must join the channels and level them later. On many occasions it is observed that in the junction zone there are open spaces between the channels, and the installer must engineer systems to ensure leveling between several sections of channels

In the facilities in which they are used channels, in most cases, it is necessary to install connection points either electric or voice and data, as well as the protection elements of the electrical and voice networks and data.

In many installations it is required to put mechanisms in the channel itself or due to lack of space or simply by the aesthetics of integration of the mechanisms in the channel, but, due to the large dimensions of the openings, these need accessories to be able to be mounted directly on the channels

On many occasions, as stated, the installations contain a very high number of cables and cannot install in the same channels the necessary mechanisms for user, for which reason the installer usually chooses install the mechanisms in surface boxes located above the Same channels In most cases these same boxes are placed directly on the channel and screwed, leaving a minimum space between the channel and the box to ensure the degree of protection of the active part required in the installation.

Recently, the regulations on channels, such that connections between channels are not allowed and boxes then depending solely on the expertise of the installer to complete it.

State of the art

In existing facilities they are usually use channels or tubes to pass cables from one point to the other. In these situations commonly used cable channels are used since its main objective is to have sections that allow the passage of a high number of cables.

There are channels in the market that do not allow interior separations between different systems, others that have permanent physical separations, but in these cases you don't have flexibility since in each installation there will be a greater or lesser number of cables of one type or the other depending on the topology of the installation.

In this situation there are channels that use elements commonly called cable retainers, used in other cable tie systems that must be placed in holes made by the installer himself. But the system of retainers implies that the installer must provide for the number of retainers to use since such retainers are usually own channel accessories and are usually installed in places established by the cable manufacturer and in the case of flanges, implies that the installer must perform a drilling operation in each position you need to put a flange.

Current channel systems include circuit separation elements along the length of the channel but at the moment when the wires have to be derived outward from the main channel to a surface box or Another channel misses the circuit separation.

Sometimes there are accessories that allow to close the openings that may remain between channels but They don't solve the leveling issue.

In turn, there are also systems on the market that allow the mechanisms to be installed in the channel but not facilitate its possible uninstallation.

In facilities where channels are used cable glands mechanisms can be installed by means of racks by clipping the mechanisms directly to them or by means of adapter plates. There are, however, a series of mechanisms such as double, magnetothermal and differential electrical bases for DIN guide, which cannot be clipped directly to the frame, since that these elements have fixing systems at the bottom of the mechanism. There are some channel systems in the market where these accessories are mounted directly at the bottom of the channel, but this solution prevents the passage of cables through the compartment in question.

Object of the invention

To solve and facilitate the systems of fixing the cables in the channels in the present invention is create perforations in some protrusions in T of the channels used to install circuit breakers. These perforations begin at the base of the channel with a diameter of enough amplitude to install a cable gland and ends with a smaller diameter in the upper wall of the partition wall. The purpose of the smaller diameter is to facilitate the visibility of the location of said perforations for the flanges Once the channel is installed.

This allows the installer to use retaining accessories or cable ties that allow reduce the tension of the connections due to the weight of the channels. On some occasions, as in trunk installations, the installer you can use both systems without having to execute any operation extraordinary

To facilitate the task of joining the profiles, it has devised an accessory that allows joining profiles by facilitating precisely the leveling of these and in turn preventing them from entering profiles remain physical separations.

Said accessory is placed under pressure between two T-shaped projections of the profile, then the following profile between the two protrusions in T under pressure by the accessory, until both profiles are in contact. The shapes and accessory dimensions make installation simple and the profiles are firmly attached, without using no tool

Regarding the possibility of incorporating mechanisms in the same channel, the object of this invention has been proceeded to create an accessory that facilitates the installation of the mechanism in it, at the same time also facilitates the installation of accessory in the channel and in turn allows uninstallation for maintenance operations to be carried out in the canal.

The invention provides a frame frame, which performs the function of practical support, with access openings for facilitate the installation and uninstallation of the cable duct. Said frame frame is a unique piece for different formats of mechanisms (universal and formats other than universal). They are anticipated also some trim frames, which allow to adapt both Universal mechanisms such as plates in different formats. These beautifying frames also improve the final aesthetics of the set and get the protection of a non-specialized user avoiding that comes into contact with the active parts that might be in the inside the channel. For any of the formats it must be installed always the frame and on top of it, once inserted the mechanism, position the relevant bezel.

These accessories do not solve the clipping of those elements that are fixed by the bottom of the mechanisms, such as circuit breakers or double plug bases, being created to eliminate this problem an accessory adapter mechanisms with fixation to the bottom whose objective is to fix the mechanism and leave it flush with the frame in such a way that it can mount an adapter plate and be integrated with the rest of mechanisms

Knowing the importance of maintaining the separation between circuits throughout the entire length of the installation, has also created an accessory that allows separation in circuit shunts such as in changes of direction or well in referrals to boxes for mechanisms.

Generally the channels include separators cable lengths, these being clipped to protrusions of the bases of the T-shaped channels. This shunt allows connect it to the same protrusion in T, so that the cables that they are on one side of the shunt they pass over and those on the opposite side pass underneath. Depending on the number of cables on each side of the separator these will be placed on a projection in T or in other. The separator also includes weakening lines to It is easy to cut the cable passage tray and can adapt correctly to the different positions where you can install or to the different sizes of channels that you can install.

Following the new regulations of pipes have been devised some accessories to ensure that the junction between the box and the channel is always protected thus avoiding Access to its interior. These accessories present novelly the possibility of joining different box formats in the same way to channel.

The fitting accessory of the boxes to the channel it has been carried out on a blind cover already existing in the boxes, the which serves to make or not the entrance of the cables to the box.

With the accessory of the invention, the installer practice the hole in the channel, run the wires through it, even when will have previously attached the adapter cap to the structure of the box, and finally passes the cables through said plate. Then fit the lid and the box in the hole of the channel. Due to dimensions of the boxes, the plate and the channels, the boxes are they support themselves on the channel, allowing the installer use both hands to screw the box to the wall, ensuring In this way, a more precise installation.

In order to expose more clearly the object of the invention, some drawings are attached in which non-limiting example title are represented the improvements pointed out and which are:

Figure 1 is a perspective view exploded of the main components of the improvements introduced in a cable gland of the invention;

Figure 1A, is a view equivalent to the previous and in which some supports and mechanisms have been introduced which serve to clarify the use of the components;

Figure 2 is a similar perspective view to Figure 1, in which the main components have been duly placed on the channel of the invention;

Figure 3 responds to Figure 2, with the introduction of cables to show the application;

Figure 4, samples in truncated perspective and the cable duct exploded which is the base component of the invention;

Figure 4A is a front view of the channel of the previous figure with its lid open;

Figure 4B is equivalent to Figure 4A with its closed lid;

Figure 5 is a section of a projection or T-partition emerging from the base of the channel;

Figure 6 shows in perspective an accessory piece for joining cable glands in hi-
lera;

Figure 7 corresponds to the piece shown in Figure 6 plan view;

Figure 7A, equivalent to the previous figure front elevation view;

Figure 8, represents in perspective, a frame frame seen from the top;

Figure 9, responds to the previous figure seen under;

Figure 10 responds to a side elevation of the frame of the previous figures 8 and 9;

Figure 11, is a top plan view from the framework of Figures 8 and 9 themselves;

Figure 12 is a sectional view of the frame AA according to Figure 11;

Figure 13 is another view sectioned by BB of the same Figure 11;

Figure 14 corresponds to the section by CC ' from Figure 11 itself;

Figure 15 represents a beautifying piece in perspective seen from the front;

Figure 16 shows the same piece in perspective but seen from behind;

Figure 17, consists of a plan view of the beautifying piece of the two previous figures;

Figure 17A, responds to the elevation view side of Figure 17 on its major side;

Figure 17B is equivalent to Figure 17 in which cut lines have been indicated;

Figure 17C, consists of an elevation view side sectioned by the line DD 'of the previous figure;

Figure 18 responds to a section by BB 'of Figure 17B;

Figure 18A corresponds to the section by CC ' of Figure 17B;

Figure 19 is the side elevation view corresponding to Figure 17 on its minor side;

Figure 20 shows another beautifying piece in perspective seen from the front;

Figure 21 represents the same piece in perspective but seen from behind;

Figure 22, consists of a plan view of the beautifying piece of the two previous figures;

Figure 22A responds to an elevation view side of Figure 22, on its larger side;

Figure 22B is equivalent to Figure 22 in which cut lines have been indicated;

Figure 22C, consists of an elevation view side sectioned by the line BB 'of the previous figure;

Figure 22D, is the side elevation view corresponding to Figure 22 on its minor side;

Figure 23, responds to a section by CC 'of Figure 22B;

Figure 24 corresponds to the section by DD ' of Figure 22B;

Figure 25 shows the stand in perspective seen above;

Figure 26 represents the same support of the previous figure in perspective and below;

Figure 27 is a perspective view and in explosion of components that form the invention and which consist of the support piece, a mechanism, a frame frame, a plate mechanism support and a trim plate;

Figure 28 shows in perspective and by on top of a piece derived from the cables that pass through the interior of the channel of the invention;

Figure 29 responds to the same piece of the previous figure in perspective and view below;

Figure 30, is the plan view of the piece derivative of the two previous figures;

Figure 31 is a side elevational view of the piece of Figures 28 to 30;

Figure 32 shows the same piece of Figures 28 to 31 front elevation view;

Figure 33, represents in perspective and by below, a rectangular structure adapter useful for connecting the cable gland with a flat base mechanism box;

Figure 33A shows the accessory of the figure anterior in a side elevation view on its major side;

Figure 33B is equivalent to Figure 33A with indication of a cut line BB ';

Figure 33C, is a section by BB 'of the elevation from the previous figure seen from its minor side;

Figure 33D shows the accessory in plan represented in Figures 33A to 33C;

Figure 34 represents this same accessory seen in perspective and above as drawn in Figure 33;

Figure 35, represents in perspective and by below a variant of the structure adapter accessory rectangular used for connecting the cable gland with a special mechanism box with curved base;

Figure 35A shows the accessory of the figure anterior in a side elevation view on its major side;

Figure 35B is equivalent to Figure 35A with the indication of a cut line BB ';

Figure 35C, is a section by BB 'of the elevation of the previous figure seen from its minor side;

Figure 35D shows the accessory in plan depicted in Figures 35 to 35C;

Figure 36 represents this same accessory seen the perspective and above as drawn in Figure 35;

Description of the invention

The invention comprises a channel (1) in which it has been performed by perforations (22) of two diameters different in protrusions (21) in the form of T on the part of the base (1a) of the channel itself (1). A hole is made (23) centered on the vertical wall (21a) of said projection (21) with a diameter of sufficient size for said resulting hole a cable tie flange can be passed. Perforation (22) continues in depth through the projection (21) in the form of T until reaching the horizontal surface (21b) of said projection at T (21). At this point the perforation is of smaller diameter (24) since its objective is simply to provide and indicate the location of perforations once the channel, formed by the base (1) and a suitable cover (2), is installed. Figures 4 and especially the Figure 5 clearly shows what is stated here.

The attachment of profiles (3) (see Figures 6 and 7) is a flat plate with a wider center shape (25) than at the ends (26), which shape facilitates insertion between the protrusions (21) in the form of T, and as it reaches the wide part (25) is joined by pressure. Seen in elevation, this attachment of profiles (3) is a flat plate that in both longitudinal edges include flanges (27) that give it greater height so that it is fixed between the base (1a) of the profile (1) and the lower part of the horizontal surface (21b) of the projection (twenty-one).

The frame frame (4) of the invention allows a U-shaped section whose interior of its vertical walls Longitudinal (28) contains tabs (29) that will be fixed to the groove (30) of the longitudinal vertical wall (31) of the formed channel by the profile (1) and the cover (2). Its fixation is completed by middle of some U-shaped pins (32) curved inwards located at the base (33) of the frame (4) that include a flange or flat tooth (34) located on the flexible part of the pin, the which allows fixing to a flange (35) of the opening (36) of the channel (1), avoiding the removal of the frame (4) outwards when exerting a traction of the same. Around the pins (32) in the base (33) is an opening (37) which aims to facilitate uninstalling the frame (4) of the channel, since it allows you to enter a tool for it and leverage on the aforementioned pins (32) so that these are deciphered. In those cited longitudinal vertical walls (28) have also been practiced openings (38) that coincide in location with tabs of clipping (39) of the trim (5) or (7). These walls (28) they are attached to the base (33) by means of a radius (40), which is greater than the corresponding radius (41) of the trim frame (5) or (7) to avoid interference. The openings (42) and (42a) made in this radius (40) only have the objective of lower the mold by eliminating slides.

At the base (33) of the frame frame (4) have practiced openings (43), preferably quadrangular, the which allow the clipping of tabs (44) and (44a) that it incorporates the trim frame (5) or (7) and that joins together both frames, allowing the trim frame (5) or (7) not to be I can extract with my hands. Said openings (43) may vary in number and position according to the size of the channel in which the frame frame (4).

Centered, both vertically and horizontally, an opening (45) appears in the frame (4) in the that the mechanisms will be inserted. Said opening (45) remains flanked by a border that delimits and that includes a series of outgoing (46) and (47) whose purpose is to exercise support and centering surface of one format plates specific (16a) and delimit the box of mechanisms Universal Rounded projections (48) have in the center of its radius a through hole (49), preferably hexagonal, used to screw a mechanism universal.

On the upper face of the base (33) bordering the projections (46) and (47) of the central opening (45) appear a intermittent perimeter wall (50) that helps plate centering specific (16a) and in turn prevents access to the active parts. Both on the perimeter wall (50) and on the edge from the opening (45) there are some recesses (51) in which bottom of the frame frame (4) the pin of fixation (51a) of the specific plate (16a). The union between the wall intermittent perimeter (51) and the edge of the opening (45) is made by means of an inclined plane (52) that allows, once the specific plate (16a) is clipped, insert a tool and be able to remove said plate easily.

On the underside of the base (33) coinciding in location with the projections (46) and (47) and the incoming (51) are some highlights (53) that allow to obtain the thickness required to be able to clip specific format plates (16a). In turn, at the bottom there are some tabs hollow projections (54) inside preferably home runs that are used to fix a support (6) that allows the fixing of elements such as double bases, magnetothermal, or others elements that do not have upper fixing tabs but that set at the bottom.

The trim frame (5) or (7) is a frame of U-shaped section which inside its walls Longitudinal verticals (55) contains tabs (39) that are will fix to the openings (38) of the longitudinal vertical wall (28) of the frame frame (4). Its fixation is completed by means of some tabs (44) and (44a) that go in groups of two by two, symmetrical with each other. Said tabs (44) and (44a) end in about rounded flanges (56) that facilitate the insertion of said tabs (44) and (44a) through the opening (43) of the frame frame (4) but avoid its extraction by hand once inserted.

The trim frames (5) and (7) as per use for universal mechanisms or plates specific format respectively, present the vertical walls longitudinal (55) and its front base (57) preferably smooth. The shape and size of openings (58) or (59) depends on that of the universal mechanisms or for specific format plates, respectively. The opening (58) includes cylindrical projections (60) in which there are centered holes (61) that correspond to the cylindrical projections (48) and their respective holes (49) of the frame frame (4) in which the installer can Screw the universal mechanism.

On the back of the base (57) appear a series of nerves (62) that allow to give structure to the piece. Around the central openings (58) and (59) appears made a flange (63) slightly taller than that of the ribs (62) corresponding to the same shape as the perimeter wall (50) of the frame frame (4) so that the trim frame (5) or (7) only rest on the frame (4) and thus eliminate the problems of interference

The union between the vertical walls longitudinal (55) and the front base (57) is made with a radius (41) which is smaller than the radius (40) also to avoid interference

The bezel (5) or (7) is of more dimensions long than the frame (4). The ends of the bezel (5) or (7) they remain floating above the frame (4) to allow the cut from the cover (2) of the cable gland (1) below the bezel (5) or (7) and be able to hide, in this way, the possible defects of such cutting of the cover (2) of the channel (1).

The accessory holder or support (6) with bottom fixing, is a piece formed by a base (64) approximately rectangular at whose edges are longer side walls (65) emerge symmetrical to the center of the base (64), which gives it a U-shape. These walls (65) remain interrupted in the central part of the piece leaving an opening (66), in which they are located, at the base (64), about anchor pins (67) and cylindrical pivots (68).

The base (64) of said support (6) contains about projections (69) located at the ends thereof preferably rectangular, whose function is to reinforce the piece against torsions. Of these projections (69), some stand out partitions (70) that connect the projection (69) with the side walls (65) of the support itself (6) by means of a radius (70 '), with the in order to facilitate the positioning of some possible mechanism (16) such as, for example, electrical bases.

As mentioned above, in the middle part of said base (64) are some pins of anchor (67) constituted by a vertical wall (69 ') presenting ribs (69 '') to give more rigidity to said anchor pin (67). In the upper part of the vertical wall (69 ') of said pin (67) is a flange (71) in a plane inclined towards the center of the support (6) which is the one that holds the mechanism (16) that It will be inserted. At the base of the vertical wall (69 ') is a rectangular window (72) that facilitates the realization of the mold. After the window (72) is the cylindrical pivot (68), which includes in its center a through hole (73) that allows to fix in he any mechanism (16) that needs to be screwed. In the lower face of the base (6) contained a series of nerves (74) that allow to give greater structure and consistency to the piece.

The side walls (65) on the outside they have some starters (75) that at the top end in a horizontal wall (76), in whose outermost central part includes a protrusion or inclined tooth (77) that allows fixing by clipping on the protruding tabs (54) of the frame frame (4) of the cable gland (1) of the invention.

The internal cable shunt (8) shown with greater detail in figures 28 to 32 and arranged inside the cable gland (1), is a single component formed by a front face (78) which includes fixing pins (79) and (80) to the partition in T shape (21) of the corresponding profile (1). Of the aforementioned front face (78) of the shunt (8) protrudes a horizontal tray (81) being located at a certain height that allows the cable passage (17) below, as shown in Figure 3. Said tray (81) is flanked by two walls longitudinal (82) and (83) perpendicular to said tray (81). In the central part of the tray (81) emerges a third wall longitudinal mediator (84) allowing a second separation of other cables (16) and (18) to be derived upwards or facilitating the derivation of cables that come either from the right (18) or from the left (15). The union of the front face (78) with the walls (82) and (83) flanking the tray (81) is done with them walls (82) and (83) in a radius (85) and (86) wide enough as to ensure that the minimum required radius of curvature of the Cables are fulfilled. The horizontal tray (81) includes several slots material weakening (87) that allows the installer to Easily trim the excess material depending on the type of installation to perform. The vertical walls (82) and (83) that flank the horizontal tray (81) also include other slots of weakening (88) to facilitate its cutting. At the same time said walls (82) and (83) have a thinner area of material (89) located at the upper end of said walls and of the same length than the tray (81) that allows a simple break in the if the cuts made in the cable gland (1) are not quite accurate and there would be some interference with this accessory.

Fixing or clipping pins (79) and (80) of the shunt (8), located on its front face (78) are in separate points Fixing to the partition (21) in the form of T by the side of the horizontal tray (81) is done using the pins (80) that are slightly inclined towards the direction of said tray (81). Such pins start from the intersection between the face front (78) and tray (81) and end with a flange (90) facing the opposite side. Said flange (90) is the one will be fixed by one of the horizontal surfaces (21b) of the T-shaped partition (21). The fixation to the referred partition (21) by the opposite side is made by the pins (79) that start from the lower part of the front face (78), of the shunt (8), being is the part on which it rests on the said partition (21). These pins (79) are tilted in the opposite direction to the previous ones (80) ending on an inclined flange (91) towards the direction of the tray (81), this flange (91) being, as in the previous case the one that is fixed to the other horizontal side (21b) of the partition in T shape (21).

The intersection between the front face (78) and the horizontal tray (81) of the shunt (8) is formed by a radius safety (92) to prevent a living edge from damaging the cables that must pass through it.

The channel adapter accessory (9) (1) to boxes special, and represented in Figures 33 and 34, is constituted by a flat base (93) that allows to settle perfectly said box to the channel (1), and for this by its lower side (93a) includes guide tabs (94) that help to fix the mechanism box, and also in its central part includes a through hole (95) that allows the cables to pass to the inside of the mentioned box. From the upper side (93b) of said plate (93) emerges a cylindrical tubular wall (96) which is inserted in the hole (97) made in the channel itself (1) to give way to the cables (19) or (20), as seen in the Figures 1 and 1A.

The accessory adapter (10) from channel to box special mechanisms (14) is identical to the previous one with the difference that its lower base (98) includes a curved plane (99) that fully adapts to the curved shape of special boxes (14) With flat channels.

Finally, please indicate that, as it is already known, in order to give rigidity to the structure, they are planned bridge pieces (11) that join the T-partitions (21), separate pieces (12) that fit to said partitions (21) as well as end covers (13), as a box that closes the open ends of the channel cable glands (1).

They will be independent of the object of the invention, the materials, colors, shapes, dimensions and others that do not alter the principle of the invention, which is specified in the claims that follow.

Claims (8)

1. Improvements introduced in the systems of channels for the passage of electrical, voice and data, multimedia and other cables comprising a channel formed by a base profile (1) and a cover (2) characterized by behaving in the base (1a ) of the base profile (1) perforations (22) for the passage of cable ties and for including a frame frame (4) that allows the assembly of several types of mechanisms in the channel itself, and the placement of trim frames (5 ) or (7) and, for its lower part, the placement of a support piece (6) that allows the assembly of the mechanisms and for including internal shunts (8) for the appropriate cables that allow the change of direction of the both towards a channel and towards a box of other mechanisms which is attached to the channel system by means of adapter accessories (9) and (10) from box to channel. 2. Improvements introduced in the channel systems for the passage of electrical, voice and data, multimedia and other cables according to the preceding claim characterized in that the perforations (22) made in a base (1a) of the profile (1) include T-shaped projection (21), whose perforations (22) consist of a hole (23) centered on a vertical projection or partition (21a) that emerges from the base (1a) and whose hole has a diameter of sufficient size so that a cable tie flange can pass and because the perforation (22) continues in depth through the T-shaped projection (21) until it reaches the horizontal surface (21b) of the T-shaped projection (21), in which place The perforation is smaller in diameter (24) to indicate the location of the same once the channel, formed by the base (1) and the cover (2), is installed, providing such signaling by means of screen printing, laser or other marking systems 3. Improvements introduced in the systems of channels for the passage of electrical, voice and data, multimedia cables, according to claim 1 characterized in that the frame frame (4) has a U-shape, which inside its longitudinal interior walls Vertical (28) has tabs (29) that are fixed in the groove (30) of the longitudinal vertical wall (31) of the channel formed by the profile (1) and the cover (2), completing its fixation by means of curved pins (32) that are directed inwards in a U-shape located at the base (33) of the frame (4) and that include a flat tooth or flange (34) located in the flexible part of the pin (32), which allows fixing to a flange (35) of the opening (36) of the channel, avoiding the extraction of the frame frame (4) outwards when exerting a traction thereof, because around the curved pins (32) in the base (33), there is an opening (37) that facilitates the uninstallation d the frame (4) of the channel (1), allowing the introduction of a tool to pry on the pins (32) achieving its plucking, because in the longitudinal vertical interior walls (28) openings (38) have been made that coincide in location with clipping tabs (39) of the trims (5) or (7) because at the base (33) of the frame frame (4), openings (43), preferably quadrangular, have been made, which allow clipping of tabs (44) and (44a) that incorporates the trim frame (5) or (7) and which both frames are joined in solidarity, allowing the trim frame (5) or (7) cannot be removed with the hands, and because at the bottom there are hollow protruding tabs (54) inside, preferably quadrangular, useful for joining the support (6) that allows the fixation of devices such as double bases, magnetothermal bases, or other elements that do not have fixing tabs its perior but are fixed at the bottom. 4. Improvements introduced in the channel systems for the passage of electrical, voice and data, multimedia and other cables according to claims 1 and 3 characterized in that the trim frame (5) or (7) of U-section has inside of its longitudinal vertical walls (55) clipping tabs (39) that are fixed in the openings (38) of the longitudinal vertical interior wall (28) of the frame frame (4), completing its fixing by means of tabs (44) ) and (44a) that go in groups of two in two, symmetrical with each other, ending said pins (44) and (44a) in rounded flanges (56) facing outward that facilitate the insertion of said pins (44) and ( 44a) through the opening (43) of the frame frame (4) but preventing its removal by hand once inserted. 5. Improvements introduced in the channel systems for the passage of electrical, voice and data, multimedia and other cables, according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the support piece (6) has a base (64) of approximately rectangular shape from whose edges of greater length emerge side walls (65) symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the base (64), which give it a U-shape, and which, in turn, have a wide opening (66) each, because next to these openings and on the base (64), there are anchor pins (67) constituted by projections (69), in the form of a vertical wall (69 ') and with reinforcing ribs (69''), whose pins (67) end in a flange (71) in an inclined plane that holds the mechanism (16) that is inserted, because close to the projections (69) is a cylindrical pivot (68) which includes in its center a through hole (73) that allows to screw in it the mechanism (16) and by It is envisaged that the side walls (65) contain recesses (75) which, in their upper part, have a horizontal wall (76) in whose outermost central part includes an inclined projection or tooth (77) that allows fixing by clipping on the projecting tabs (54) of the frame (4) of the cable gland (1). 6. Improvements introduced in the channel systems for the passage of electrical, voice and data cables, multimedia according to claim 1 characterized by comprising at least one internal cable shunt (8) formed by a front face (78) which includes fixing pins (79) and (80) to a T-shaped partition or projection (21) of the profile (1), protruding from said front face (78) a horizontal tray (81) located at a certain height that allows the passage of cables (17) underneath, whose tray (81) is flanked by two longitudinal walls (82) and (83) perpendicular thereto, emerging, in turn, from the central part a third longitudinal medial wall (84 ) that allows a second separation of the cables (16) and (18) that are derived upwards or facilitate their derivation to the right (18) or to the left (15), providing that the fixing to the T-shaped partition ( 21) on the side of the horizontal tray (81) m by means of the pins (80) that are slightly inclined towards the direction of the tray (81) and that start from the intersection between the front face (78) and the tray itself (81) and end with a flange (90) oriented towards the opposite side, which is fixed by one of the horizontal surfaces (21b) of the T-shaped partition (21), which in turn is fixed on the opposite side by the pins (79) that start from the most lower of the front face (78), this being the part on which it rests on the partition, also providing that these pins (79) are inclined in the opposite direction to the previous ones (80) ending in an inclined flange (91) towards the direction of the tray (81), this flange (91) being, as in the previous case, the one that is fixed to the other side of the horizontal surface (21b) of the T-shaped partition (21). 7. Improvements introduced in the channel systems for the passage of electrical, voice and data, multimedia and other cables according to claims 1 and 6 characterized in that the union of the front face (78) with the walls (82) and ( 83) flanking the tray (78) of the inner cable shunt (8) is made with the same walls (82) and (83) in a radius (85) and (86) wide enough to ensure that the minimum radius of Cable curvature is complied with, provided that the horizontal tray (81) and walls (82) and (83) include several slots of weakening of the material (87) and (88) that allow easy cutting of the excess material depending on the type of installation to be carried out, as well as said vertical walls (82) and (83) have a thinner area of material (89) located at the upper end of said walls and of the same length as the tray (81) which also allows a simple break and because the intersection between The front face (78) and the horizontal tray (81) is formed by a safety radius (92) to prevent an edge that could damage the cables. 8. Improvements introduced in the channel systems for the passage of electrical, voice and data, multimedia and other cables according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes the accessory adapters of the channel a (9) and (10) to the mechanism boxes ( 14) each one formed by a flat base (93) that allows said box (14) to be perfectly seated to the channel (1), by means of its lower side (93a), which includes guide flanges (94) that serve as fixation to the repeated mechanism box (14), and in its central part includes a through hole (95) that allows the cables to pass into said box (14), including on the upper side said plate (93b) a cylindrical tubular wall (96) around said through hole that is inserted in the hole (97) made in the channel (1) for the passage of the cables (19) or (23).