ES2371230T3 - Derivados de ciclohexano espirocíclicos sustituidos. - Google Patents
Derivados de ciclohexano espirocíclicos sustituidos. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2371230T3 ES2371230T3 ES09724314T ES09724314T ES2371230T3 ES 2371230 T3 ES2371230 T3 ES 2371230T3 ES 09724314 T ES09724314 T ES 09724314T ES 09724314 T ES09724314 T ES 09724314T ES 2371230 T3 ES2371230 T3 ES 2371230T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- cyclohexane
- indole
- amine
- phenyl
- dimethyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 149
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- -1 -30 OR13 Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910006069 SO3H Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Natural products OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 127
- RERZNCLIYCABFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N harmaline Chemical compound C1CN=C(C)C2=C1C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1N2 RERZNCLIYCABFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 112
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 89
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 58
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 16
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 claims description 15
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- CGLYBEYFUQIRIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3'-benzyl-n,n-dimethyl-1'-phenylspiro[2,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4'-cyclohexane]-1'-amine Chemical compound C1C(N(C)C)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCC2(C3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4N3)CCN2)C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CGLYBEYFUQIRIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- ZRVFZCWVNBOHAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3'-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-n,n-dimethyl-1'-phenylspiro[2,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4'-cyclohexane]-1'-amine Chemical compound C1C(N(C)C)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCC2(C3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4N3)CCN2)C1CC1=CC=CC(F)=C1 ZRVFZCWVNBOHAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XLEGHKKTFZALDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3'-fluoro-n,n-dimethyl-1'-phenylspiro[2,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4'-cyclohexane]-1'-amine Chemical compound C1CC2(C3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4N3)CCN2)C(F)CC1(N(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XLEGHKKTFZALDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000006284 3-fluorobenzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C(F)=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004180 3-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(F)=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003444 anaesthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- NNHQQQAFJCVHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-1'-phenyl-3'-phenylsulfanylspiro[2,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4'-cyclohexane]-1'-amine Chemical compound C1C(N(C)C)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCC2(C3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4N3)CCN2)C1SC1=CC=CC=C1 NNHQQQAFJCVHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003356 phenylsulfanyl group Chemical group [*]SC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- WYEZTUIJZFLRTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2',2'-difluoro-n,n-dimethyl-1'-phenylspiro[2,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4'-cyclohexane]-1'-amine Chemical compound C1CC2(C3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4N3)CCN2)CC(F)(F)C1(N(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 WYEZTUIJZFLRTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ILNCEOIGYRKHIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3'-fluoro-n,n-dimethyl-1'-phenylspiro[4,9-dihydro-3h-pyrano[3,4-b]indole-1,4'-cyclohexane]-1'-amine Chemical compound C1CC2(C3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4N3)CCO2)C(F)CC1(N(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ILNCEOIGYRKHIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001255 4-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1F 0.000 claims description 4
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- XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalimide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DBWJRYDBOSDJPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3',3',6-trifluoro-1'-(3-fluorophenyl)-n,n-dimethylspiro[2,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4'-cyclohexane]-1'-amine Chemical compound C1CC2(C3=C(C4=CC(F)=CC=C4N3)CCN2)C(F)(F)CC1(N(C)C)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1 DBWJRYDBOSDJPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KJRIQDNHVYBMSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3',5',6-trifluoro-1'-(3-fluorophenyl)-n,n-dimethylspiro[2,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4'-cyclohexane]-1'-amine Chemical compound C1C(F)C2(C3=C(C4=CC(F)=CC=C4N3)CCN2)C(F)CC1(N(C)C)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1 KJRIQDNHVYBMSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004176 4-fluorobenzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1F)C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002483 medication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XDUIXKLBEZFBMU-FOCLMDBBSA-N (e)-1-[1'-(dimethylamino)-2',2'-difluoro-1'-(3-fluorophenyl)spiro[4,9-dihydro-3h-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4'-cyclohexane]-2-yl]-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound C1C(F)(F)C(N(C)C)(C=2C=C(F)C=CC=2)CCC1(C1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2N1)CC1)N1C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 XDUIXKLBEZFBMU-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NWNVIDLCAYEQJL-FOCLMDBBSA-N (e)-1-[1'-(dimethylamino)-2'-fluoro-1'-(3-fluorophenyl)spiro[4,9-dihydro-3h-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4'-cyclohexane]-2-yl]-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound C1C(F)C(N(C)C)(C=2C=C(F)C=CC=2)CCC1(C1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2N1)CC1)N1C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 NWNVIDLCAYEQJL-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WKWVMYRSWNLYBP-FOCLMDBBSA-N (e)-1-[4'-(dimethylamino)-2',2'-difluoro-4'-(3-fluorophenyl)spiro[4,9-dihydro-3h-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,1'-cyclohexane]-2-yl]-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound FC1(F)CC(N(C)C)(C=2C=C(F)C=CC=2)CCC1(C1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2N1)CC1)N1C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WKWVMYRSWNLYBP-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RFTGSCXHGGPDDA-FOCLMDBBSA-N (e)-1-[4'-(dimethylamino)-2',6'-difluoro-4'-(3-fluorophenyl)spiro[4,9-dihydro-3h-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,1'-cyclohexane]-2-yl]-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound FC1CC(N(C)C)(C=2C=C(F)C=CC=2)CC(F)C1(C1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2N1)CC1)N1C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 RFTGSCXHGGPDDA-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- COWSYUCZXXZURJ-SDNWHVSQSA-N (e)-1-[4'-(dimethylamino)-2',6-difluoro-4'-(3-fluorophenyl)spiro[4,9-dihydro-3h-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,1'-cyclohexane]-2-yl]-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound FC1CC(N(C)C)(C=2C=C(F)C=CC=2)CCC1(C1=C(C2=CC(F)=CC=C2N1)CC1)N1C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 COWSYUCZXXZURJ-SDNWHVSQSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSIWIUOGISVJRD-FOCLMDBBSA-N (e)-1-[4'-(dimethylamino)-2'-fluoro-4'-(3-fluorophenyl)spiro[4,9-dihydro-3h-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,1'-cyclohexane]-2-yl]-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound FC1CC(N(C)C)(C=2C=C(F)C=CC=2)CCC1(C1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2N1)CC1)N1C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 QSIWIUOGISVJRD-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QERFEDFJCNNUNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2',2',6-trifluoro-1'-(3-fluorophenyl)-n,n-dimethylspiro[2,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4'-cyclohexane]-1'-amine Chemical compound C1CC2(C3=C(C4=CC(F)=CC=C4N3)CCN2)CC(F)(F)C1(N(C)C)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1 QERFEDFJCNNUNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PRYJGPVLQGEIHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2',6-difluoro-1'-(3-fluorophenyl)-n,n-dimethylspiro[2,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4'-cyclohexane]-1'-amine Chemical compound C1CC2(C3=C(C4=CC(F)=CC=C4N3)CCN2)CC(F)C1(N(C)C)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1 PRYJGPVLQGEIHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KRSPNUVHHWJPBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2'-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-n,n-dimethyl-1'-phenylspiro[2,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4'-cyclohexane]-1'-amine Chemical compound CN(C)CC1CC2(C3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4N3)CCN2)CCC1(N(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 KRSPNUVHHWJPBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VMWCVNRWKYXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2'-fluoro-1'-(3-fluorophenyl)-n,n-dimethylspiro[2,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4'-cyclohexane]-1'-amine Chemical compound C1CC2(C3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4N3)CCN2)CC(F)C1(N(C)C)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1 VMWCVNRWKYXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZXJVDYQRYYYOR-UHFFFAOYSA-K scandium(iii) trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Sc+3].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F HZXJVDYQRYYYOR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001412 tetrahydropyranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JPJIEXKLJOWQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluoromethanesulfonate;yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [Y+3].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F JPJIEXKLJOWQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000009935 visceral pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/12—Antidiarrhoeals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
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| DE102006033109A1 (de) * | 2006-07-18 | 2008-01-31 | Grünenthal GmbH | Substituierte Heteroaryl-Derivate |
| DE102006033114A1 (de) * | 2006-07-18 | 2008-01-24 | Grünenthal GmbH | Spirocyclische Azaindol-Derivate |
| DE102006046745A1 (de) * | 2006-09-29 | 2008-04-03 | Grünenthal GmbH | Gemischte ORL1/µ-Agonisten zur Behandlung von Schmerz |
| DE102007009235A1 (de) * | 2007-02-22 | 2008-09-18 | Grünenthal GmbH | Spirocyclische Cyclohexan-Derivate |
| DE102007009319A1 (de) | 2007-02-22 | 2008-08-28 | Grünenthal GmbH | Spirocyclische Cyclohexan-Derivate |
| AR071066A1 (es) | 2008-03-27 | 2010-05-26 | Gruenenthal Chemie | Derivados de (hetero) aril-ciclohexano |
| CA2719743A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 | 2009-10-01 | Gruenenthal Gmbh | Substituted cyclohexyldiamines |
| SI2271613T1 (sl) | 2008-03-27 | 2014-08-29 | Grunenthal Gmbh | Hidroksimetilcikloheksilamini |
| US8288430B2 (en) | 2008-03-27 | 2012-10-16 | Grunenthal Gmbh | Spiro(5.5)undecane derivatives |
| TWI450899B (zh) | 2008-03-27 | 2014-09-01 | 被取代之螺環環已烷衍生物 | |
| RU2532545C2 (ru) | 2008-03-27 | 2014-11-10 | Грюненталь Гмбх | Замещенные производные 4-аминоциклогексана |
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2009
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- 2009-03-25 PL PL09724314T patent/PL2260042T3/pl unknown
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- 2009-03-25 PT PT09724314T patent/PT2260042E/pt unknown
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- 2009-03-25 BR BRPI0910607A patent/BRPI0910607A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-03-25 ES ES09724314T patent/ES2371230T3/es active Active
- 2009-03-25 JP JP2011501144A patent/JP5597188B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2009-03-25 EP EP09724314A patent/EP2260042B1/de not_active Not-in-force
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