ES2365483B2 - MULTIPLE COMPRESSION DEVICE AND METHOD IN ANGULAR CHANNEL - Google Patents

Abstract

In the present invention, a device and a method for multiple and simultaneous processing of materials by severe plastic deformation in the angular channel are proposed. The invention is based on the use of a spatial arrangement of matrices with angular channel configuration preferably housed in matrix holders, which are stacked against each other, and a multiple compression system that can be combined with a continuous material feeder to the compression zone , thus allowing multiple processing of high efficiency materials. In relation to other processes developed to date, the invention enables the simultaneous extrusion of several pieces, while significantly reducing the forces necessary to effect the closure of the matrices used.

Description

CHANNEL MULTIPLE COMPRESSION DEVICE AND METHOD

ANGULAR

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

5

The invention relates mainly to the metalworking sector,

specifically to the area of processing of metallic materials by

severe plastic deformation.

10

STATE OF THE PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE

In recent years there has been a growing interest in

Grain size material production techniques

submicrometric and / or nanometric, as a result of the improvement in

fifteen

the mechanical properties that can be obtained with such materials,

relative to the increase of its hardness, toughness and mechanical resistance,

among other. These techniques also allow obtaining materials

with superplastic behaviors at high temperatures, being able to

experience very large deformations without fracture

2 o

in the material.

Among the different techniques for the production of materials with

Submicrometric and / or nanometric grain size should be noted

severe plastic deformation (DPS) processes characterized by

impart very high plastic deformations to the processed materials

25

(E> 1, E being the equivalent plastic deformation value) without producing

significant modifications of their cross section.

This maintenance of the dimensions of the pieces makes it

can process several times and accumulate large deformations

plastics in the material, which lead to the appearance of a new

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microstructure that replaces the initial one. As a consequence of

it is possible to obtain materials with submicron grain size

or even nanometric.

Among the existing processes for obtaining materials

by severe plastic deformation, the process of

angular channel extrusion (in English: "Equal Channel Angular Extrusion or

5

Pressing ", ECAE / ECAP). The angular channel extrusion process

(ECAE) has been applied to a large number of materials and was proposed

initially by V.M. Segal et al. (Segal V. M., Russian Metallurgy, Vol. 1,

1981, pp. 99-105, Segal V.M., Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol.

271, 1999, pp. 322-333; Segal, Materials Science and Engineering,

10

Vo.1197, 1995, 157-164).

Through the ECAE technique, the material passes through a matrix that

it contains two channels of the same section (circular, square or polygonal),

being an input channel and an output channel, which intersect forming

a vertex or "elbow", with an angle generally of 90 °. When exercising a

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sufficient force by means of compression or "punch", and arrive

said punch at the apex of the channel, the processed material (also

referred to as "test tube") happens to be placed in the exit channel

after the elbow, where it is extracted. The material is thus deformed

by means of a shear tension mechanism, when crossing the angular channel

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in the presence of high hydrostatic pressure. Once the specimen has

has been processed, can be re-entered through the input channel and

Repeat the process, with the consequent accumulation of deformation.

Additionally, ECAE-based techniques allow processing of

specimens in different ways, depending on the type of materials used

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and of the deformations that you want to apply to them, being able to

repeat the process a certain number of times depending on the

needs It is possible, for example, to keep the orientation unchanged

of the specimen in successive repetitions; rotate the specimen 90 ° with respect

to the longitudinal axis of the specimen at each repetition; or rotate the specimen 180 °

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also with respect to the longitudinal axis of the specimen, among others

possibilities.

Although the conventional channel extrusion process

angular present in the state of the art is suitable for its

satisfactory application to a large number of materials, said

process is not exempt from some limitations and inconveniences. Between

5

these inconveniences, it should be noted that its use has low

process speeds per piece produced, assuming that speed

a reduction in the productive performance of the process, with important

economic consequences. Additionally, conventional techniques

of angular channel extrusion require the application of forces of

10

very high closing to prevent the opening of the matrices of

extrusion, in the case that these comprise several sections

divided, in order to properly machine the channel

angular.

In short, although the ECAE process has a considerable

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interest, because it makes it possible to obtain very high deformations,

its industrial application has been limited both by the speed of

process as per the small size of the specimens that is possible

manufacture. The two problems are solved by the present invention

above, since it provides a multiple compression method (MCM),

2nd

making it possible to obtain several pieces at each stage of the process and

also allowing the incorporation of a continuous feeder of

material in the extrusion zone. In addition, through configuration

space proposed by the present invention for the extrusion process,

the closing forces are significantly reduced, which is why

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possible to manufacture a number of pieces much larger than those obtained

to date, therefore having the proposed process much greater

productivity.

Some patents related to obtaining

materials by severe plastic deformation in angular channel (C. J.

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Luis, P. A. González, J. Gil, J. Alkorta, ES2224787; M. Jarret, W. Dixon,

May 1994, US Patent No. 5309748; V. Segal, R. Goforth, K. Hartwig, Mar

1995, US Patent No. 5400633; V. Segal, L. Segal, Feb 1997, US Patent No.

5600989; V. Segal, May 1996, US Patent No. 5513512; L. Semiatin, D.

Delo, May 1999, US Patent No. 5904062 and K. Hartwig, 2005, US Patent No.

6883359). In the US5600989 patent of V. Segal a system is proposed

5

which has a single input channel, in which two are introduced

test tubes, and two output channels of dimensions equal to half of the

input channel, not coinciding with the system proposed in the

present invention In the cited patents no one has been found

method that uses the technology proposed here

10

invention, which employs a spatial arrangement of the matrices of

extrusion that allows the process to be carried out simultaneously,

significantly reducing the forces necessary to effect the

matrix closure as the reaction forces that appear are

compensate each other as a result of spatial distributions

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of the matrices and matrix holders proposed in this patent.

This makes it possible to stack (in series, with radial symmetry, etc.) a

undefined number of matrix-matrices, limited only by

dimensions of the equipment where they are going to be coupled, since it does not increase the

necessary closing force, in relation to what needs to be done to

2nd

Extrusion with a single matrix. Also, the invention can be

combined with a continuous material feed system, which

It will enable higher production speeds.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

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An object of the present invention is a compression device

in angular channel for multiple extrusion of materials comprising

a plurality of extrusion dies, where:

-each one of said extrusion dies comprises one or more

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angular channels, through which materials are extruded,

said angular channels being provided with at least one entrance and, at

less, one way out,

-the plurality of extrusion dies is stackable in series,

-the materials that cross the angular channels belonging

to the series formed by the extrusion dies are extrudable

5

simultaneously, through the compression of said materials

by one or more compression means.

Another object of the present invention is a device for

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

where the series formed by the extrusion dies is capable, during the

10

compression of the materials processed through the channels, of

maintain its integrity by applying one or more means of

closing.

Another object of the present invention is a device for

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

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where the series formed by the extrusion dies has a

configuration such that the closing force necessary to maintain the

integrity of each individual matrix within the series is compensated with

closing forces necessary to maintain the integrity of its matrices

neighbors in that series.

2nd

Another object of the present invention is a device for

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

where extrusion matrices are housed in matrix holders.

Another object of the present invention is a device for

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

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where extrusion matrices are housed in a single matrix holder.

Another object of the present invention is a device for

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

where the extrusion dies are divided into two symmetrical parts.

Another object of the present invention is a device for

3rd

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

where one or more angular channels comprised in the matrices of

extrusion are divided in half, each half being housed in each

one of the symmetrical parts of the extrusion dies.

Another object of the present invention is a device for

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

5

where the plurality of extrusion dies, when stacked in series for the

multiple material processing, forms a set that saves a

radial symmetry with respect to a vertical or horizontal axis.

Another object of the present invention is a device for

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

10

where the angular channels of the set that form the matrices of

extrusion are angularly equally spaced.

Another object of the present invention is a device for

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

where extrusion matrices are configured by joining a

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upper part that houses an input channel and a lower part that houses

an output channel, where the angular channels through which it

process materials are formed by joining each channel of

input with each output channel, when the parts are contacted

upper and lower matrices.

2nd

Another object of the present invention is a device for

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

where the angular channels comprise one or more angles equal to

90 °

Another object of the present invention is a device for

25

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

where the angular channels have a circular cross section,

oval, square, rectangular or polygonal.

Another object of the present invention is a device for

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

30

where extrusion dies have a plurality of channels

angles of different cross sections.

Another object of the present invention is a device for

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

where the entry and exit of the angular channels have the same

cross section.

5

Another object of the present invention is a device for

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

where the input and output of the angular channels have different

cross section.

Another object of the present invention is a device for

10

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

where the entry and exit of the angular channels have the same

length.

Another object of the present invention is a device for

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

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where the input and output of the angular channels have different

length.

Another object of the present invention is a device for

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

where the agreed radios, defined as the inner and outer radii

2nd

of the curvature profiles that make up the angular channels, are

same.

Another object of the present invention is a device for

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

where the radios of agreement are different.

25

Another object of the present invention is a device for

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials that

it comprises a plurality of punches for the processing of the

materials.

Another object of the present invention is a device for

3rd

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

where the punches are included in the compression means.

Another object of the present invention is a device for

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

where the compression means and / or the closing means comprise one

or more hydraulic, mechanical, pneumatic or electromechanical systems,

5

employees said systems individually or in combination.

Another object of the present invention is a device for

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

where the feeding of the processed materials is done well of

manually, either by automatic feeding means, or

10

by a combination thereof.

Another object of the present invention is a device for

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

where extrusion dies comprise connection means for

Perform simultaneous opening or closing of extrusion dies.

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Another object of the present invention is a device for

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

where the connection means are preferably an arrangement of

sliding fasteners on bars, said fixings being installed

in the matrices, and where said bars connect each of the

2nd

matrices with their matrix or adjacent matrices.

Another object of the present invention is a device for

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials, which

additionally comprises means for temperature control,

said means being preferably heating systems or systems

25

refrigerants, used individually or in combination.

Another object of the present invention is the use of a device for

angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials

by compression.

Another object of the present invention is the use of a device for

3rd

Angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials,

where the extrudates are metals or alloys thereof.

Another object of the present invention is the use of a device for

angular channel compression for multiple extrusion of materials

where the extrudates are polymeric, ceramic or

nonmetallic compounds

5

Another object of the present invention is a compression method.

in angular channel for the multiple extrusion of materials comprising:

-the serial stacking of a plurality of extrusion dies,

said extrusion matrices comprising one or more channels

angular, through which the materials are processed.

10

-the simultaneous extrusion of materials through the channels

angles included in the series formed by the matrices, by means of

application of one or more compression forces.

Another object of the present invention is a compression method.

in angular channel for the multiple extrusion of materials, where the

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series integrity formed by extrusion dies is maintained

by applying one or more closing forces, so that the

closing force necessary to maintain the integrity of each matrix

individual within the series is compensated with the closing forces

necessary to maintain the integrity of their matrices

2nd

neighbors in that series.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Figure 1 shows a three-dimensional view of a possible

25

configuration of extrusion dies and matrices according to the

invention, where the angular channels have a cross section

circular, showing both the individual realization (right) of each

matrix-matrix holder, such as stacking them for processing

multiple (left).

30

Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the matrices and

extrusion matrix holder according to the invention, where the channels

Angular employees have a square cross section.

Figure 3 shows another possible embodiment of the invention for the

spatial arrangement of the angular channel matrices with section

circular transverse, in which the matrix and the matrix holder form a

5

Single piece.

Figure 4 shows another possible embodiment of the invention for the

spatial arrangement of the angular channel matrices with section

rectangular cross section, in which the matrix and the matrix holder make up

A single piece.

10

Figure 5 shows another possible embodiment of the matrices for the

MCM-DPS process according to the invention, in which the matrices are

divided, with radial symmetry, in the middle of each channel. In Figure 5 (a)

a section is shown in which the configuration of the

stacked matrices according to radial symmetry in the initial stage, in the Figure

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5 (b) an intermediate stage of the MCM-DPS process is shown and in the

Figure 5 (c) a joint view at the initial stage of the MCM-DPS process.

Figure 5 (d) shows a joint view in which a

configuration with two channels (interior and exterior) for each matrix, in the

Figure 5 (e) a section showing detail of the channels that are

2 o

observe in Figure 5 (d) and in Figure 5 (f) a joint view in a

intermediate stage of the MCM-DPS process.

Figure 6 shows another possible construction scheme of the

matrices for the extrusion in angular channel of pieces with section

rectangular cross section, in which the series stacking distribution

25

of the matrices has been replaced by a stacking distribution with

radial symmetry that locates the centers of the cross sections of

the extrusion channels angularly equally spaced. The channels

input and output angles are configured when a part is coupled

upper with a lower part, as shown in Figure 6 (a).

30

Also, in Figure 6 (b) and in Figure 6 (c) the punches are shown

employees at the beginning and in an intermediate stage, respectively. In the

Figures 6 (d), 6 (e) and 6 (f) show another configuration scheme,

similar to the previous one, but with the difference of presenting internal channels and

external

Figure 7 shows a cross section in which the

5

disposition of the punches for the application of the MCM-DPS process

according to the invention.

Figure 8 shows a graphical representation of the value obtained,

by simulation by finite elements, of the total force (in kN) to

avoid opening the matrices on the ordinate axis in front of the

10

length of extruded specimens (in mm) on the abscissa axis, in the

MCM-DPS process according to an embodiment of the invention, considering

the construction scheme shown in Figure 1, in which the diameter O

= 10 mm, the radii of agreement Rext = Rint = 2 mm, the angle between

channels of the extrusion dies <t:> = 90 ° and the length of the specimens

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processed Linit = 80 mm, considering the processing of the AA5083 a

ambient temperature and coefficient of friction of 0.1.

Figure 9 shows a graphical representation of the value obtained,

by simulation by finite elements, of the processing force by

extruded specimen (in kN) on the ordinate axis versus the length of the

2nd

extruded specimens (in mm) on the abscissa axis, considering the

construction scheme shown in Figure 1 in which the diameter O =

10 mm, the radii of agreement Rext = Rint = 2 mm, the angle between

channels of the extrusion dies O = 90 ° And the length of the specimens

processed Linit = 80 mm, considering the processing of the AA5083 a

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ambient temperature and coefficient of friction of 0.1.

Figure 10 shows a graphical representation of the value

obtained, by simulation by finite elements, of the total force (in

kN) to avoid opening the matrices on the ordinate axis in front of

the length of the extruded specimens (in mm) on the abscissa axis,

3rd

considering the construction scheme shown in Figure 1 in which

the diameter O = 20 mm, the radii of agreement Rext = Rint = 2 mm, the angle

between the channels of the extrusion matrices O = 90 ° and the length of the

Linit processed specimens = 200 mm, considering the processing of the

AA5083 at room temperature and coefficient of friction of 0.1.

Figure 11 shows a graphical representation of the value

5

obtained, by simulation by finite elements, of the force of

processed by extruded specimen (in kN) on the ordinate axis in front of the

length of extruded specimens (in mm) on the abscissa axis,

considering the construction scheme shown in Figure 1, in which

the diameter O = 20 mm, the radii of agreement Rext = Rint = 2 mm, the angle

10

between the channels of the extrusion matrices O = 90 ° and the length of the

Linit processed specimens = 200 mm, considering the processing of the

AA5083 at room temperature and coefficient of friction of 0.1.

Figure 12 shows a graphical representation of the value

obtained, by simulation by finite elements, of the total force (in

fifteen

kN) to avoid opening the matrices on the ordinate axis in front of

the length of the extruded specimens (in mm) on the abscissa axis,

considering the construction scheme shown in Figure 1 in which

the diameter O = 20 mm, the radii of agreement Rext = Rint = 4 mm, the angle

between the channels of the extrusion matrices O = 90 ° and the length of the

2nd

Linit processed specimens = 200 mm, considering the processing of the

AA5083 at room temperature and coefficient of friction of 0.1.

Figure 13 shows a graphical representation of the value

obtained, by simulation by finite elements, of the force of

processed by extruded specimen (in kN) on the ordinate axis in front of the

25

length of extruded specimens (in mm) on the abscissa axis,

considering the construction scheme shown in Figure 1 in which

the diameter O = 20 mm, the radii of agreement Rext = Rint = 4 mm, the angle

between the channels of the extrusion matrices O = 90 ° and the length of the

Linit processed specimens = 200 mm, considering the processing of the

3rd

AA5083 at room temperature and coefficient of friction of 0.1.

Figure 14 shows a three-dimensional view of the

final deformation stage according to the invention, using

hydraulic drives

Figures 15 (a) and 15 (b) show, respectively, the stages

initial and final MCM-DPS process, when drives are used

5

Hydraulics for compression and closure of extrusion dies.

Figure 16 shows a possible configuration of a feeder

automatic material for the MCM-DPS process according to the invention.

Figure 17 shows the opening / closing sequence of the

matrix-holders matrix used in the MCM-DPS process according to a

10

embodiment of the invention.

Figure 18 shows the opening sequence of the matrices

(isometric view) used in the MCM-DPS process according to the invention,

when the matrix closure system is connected to the

means of closing them.

fifteen

Figure 19 shows an isometric view of a matrix set-

matrix holder according to the invention, in which the use of

heating resistors in the matrix holder of the matrices used in

the MCM-DPS process, in order to decrease the elastic limit of the

material and facilitate the plastic deformation process.

2 o

Figure 20 shows a side scheme of the MCM-DPS process

according to the invention, using heating resistors in the area of

deformation.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

25

The present invention comprises a deformation method

simultaneous in angular and / or polyangular channel that does not modify

significantly the cross section of the processed material, being

applicable to very different sections (square, rectangular, circular,

30

polygonal, etc.). To do this, as shown in Figures 1-6,

employs a simultaneous deformation device in angular channel or

polyangular comprising an arrangement of extrusion dies (1),

preferably located in matrix holders (2), said matrices being

(1) preferably divided into two symmetrical parts (3, 4),

each of them comprising one or more angular channels (5), and

5

said channels (5) comprising an input (6) and an output (7). The

extrusion dies (1) are stacked one after the

previous. Also, as shown in Figures 5-7, it is used to

compress the specimens, a set of punches (8) of equal number that

the angular channels (5) of said matrices (1), which fit in

10

they and that are used to exert the necessary compression force

for the multiple processing of materials by plastic deformation

severe The spatial arrangement of extrusion dies (1) according to the

The present invention enables the extrusion process to be carried out

Simultaneously for all matrices (1) used, reducing

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significantly the forces necessary to effect the closure of

same, as the reaction forces that tend to open the matrices

(1) And that appear during the angular channel deformation process is

compensate, being necessary only the application of a force of

closure on the set of matrices (1) used, applied

2nd

only on the first, thus avoiding the need to apply a

closing force for each die (1) taken individually. The fact of

holding the matrices (1) together during the extrusion process is

paramount importance, because if they open during it you can

cause the punches to break (8) and / or the flow of material between the

25

matrices (1) abroad. As can be seen in Figures 8, 10 and

12, which show the closing force (F) of a matrix (1), in kN,

necessary when two specimens are extruded simultaneously depending on

of the extruded length (L) in mm, and in Figures 9, 11 and 13, which

show the necessary force (F) in kN for the individual extrusion of

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each test piece depending on the length extruded (L) in mm, the force

necessary to keep the matrices closed (1) during the process of

Angular channel extrusion is of the order of four to five times the force

compression required for the extrusion of each specimen,

consequence of the hardening of the material, of the geometry of the

matrix (1) And friction with the channels (5) of the matrix (1).

5

Additionally, the increase of the necessary closing forces in each

matrix, as the number of extruded specimens in the

it would cause, in practice, the multiple processing of

materials by a single matrix with a plurality of channels (5)

It was a very demanding method regarding the closing forces

10

required, limiting, in the end, the number of specimens that can

be processed With the present invention, the closing force for a

succession of matrices (1) remains constant and independent of

number of matrices (1) stacked, so that the relationship "Closing force /

Compression force "is much less than what would be the case

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of wanting to extrude several pieces simultaneously with processes

conventional angle channel extrusion, using several presses

to extrude a piece in each of them. In addition, the productivity that

achieved by the present invention is far superior to others

existing configurations in the state of the art. Such productivity

2nd

is limited only by the dimensions of the equipment used to

carry out the process, since, as indicated, the limitation does not

it comes from the closing force that must be carried out with said equipment.

Therefore, with the present invention, problems are avoided

related to the force necessary to maintain the closure of

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matrices (1), by increasing the number of extruded specimens at each stage

of process. This means that they can be stacked, in an arranged sequence

in parallel (Figures 1-4), with a radial symmetry (Figure 5) or

by other provisions, a number of matrices-matrix holders

limited only by the dimensions of the equipment where they are going to

3rd

couple, since the necessary closing force remains unchanged, in

relationship with which it would be necessary to perform for extrusion with a single

matrix (1).

The angular channels (5) included in the matrices (1) by

those that the material is processed, include one or several angles of

any effective value to produce a shear stress effect at

5

material. A preferred value for said angles of the angular channels

(5) is 90 °. However, the process is also effective using

angular channels with angles of other values. Also, the radios of

agreement, defined as the inner and outer radii of the profiles of

curvature that make up the channels (5) to perform the deformation of

10

the materials are preferably the same, although they may have

different values.

Figure 1 shows a three-dimensional view of a possible

configuration of the spatial arrangement used for the matrices of

extrusion (1) in angular channel, which, as noted, are

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divided into two symmetrical parts (3, 4) each with two

angular channels (5) with circular cross-section, located in

matrix holders (2), which are stacked in series, one to

continuation of the previous one, in order to make it possible to process

simultaneously eight specimens with circular cross-section, although

2nd

said number may vary by coupling a larger or

m e n o r n u m e de con j u n t o s m a tri z-matrix holder arranged

consecutively. Through this matrix configuration (1), the

necessary closing forces are compensated two by two, having

to apply only the force necessary to keep a closed

25

matrix (1) during the extrusion process.

In Figure 2, a scheme similar to that of Figure 1 is shown,

with the difference that in the present case matrices with

square cross section.

In other embodiments of the invention (Figures 3 and 4), the matrices

3rd

(1) And the matrix holders (2) make up a single integral piece.

In another embodiment of the invention, matrix-matrix assemblies

they are stacked with radial symmetry in the form of circular sections, such and

as shown in Figure 5. A section is shown in Figure 5 (a)

in which the configuration of the matrices (1) stacked according to

radial symmetry in the initial stage of the processing, in Figure 5 (b) it

5

shows an intermediate stage and in Figure 5 (c) a joint view in the

initial stage of the process. A joint view is shown in Figure 5 (d).

in which a configuration with two channels (5) (interior and

exterior) for each matrix, in Figure 5 (e) a section with the

detail of the channels seen in Figure 5 (d), and in Figure

10

5 (f) a joint view is shown at an intermediate stage of the processing

of materials.

Another possible embodiment of the extrusion dies (1) according to the

The present invention is the one proposed in Figure 6. In this arrangement

spatial matrix (1), the horizontal stacking distribution in

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series has been replaced by a vertical stacking distribution, which

locate the centers of the cross sections of the channels (5)

angularly spaced. Also, in this configuration, the

matrices (1) are not divided symmetrically, but the input (6)

and the output (7) of the angular channels (1) are configured upon meeting

2nd

an upper part (9) of the matrix (1) on a lower part (10) of

said matrix (1) (see Figure 6 (a)). In Figure 6 (b) and in Figure 6 (c),

show the punches (8) used in an initial stage of processing

of the materials and at an intermediate stage, respectively, and in the

Figure 6 (d), Figure 6 (e) and Figure 6 (f) show another scheme of

25

configuration, similar to the previous one, but with the difference of presenting

internal (11) and external (12) channels. In these embodiments, the forces

necessary for the closing of the matrices are compensated with a

different geometry to the embodiments of Figures 1-5. However,

in all of them there is also a decrease in the necessary forces

30

for maintaining the closing of the matrices (1), being only

it is necessary to compensate for the vertical force that appears when the

material at the exit (7). In the same way as in other embodiments of

the invention, it is possible to simultaneously process several pieces, with

lower closing forces than in traditional configurations of

extrusion in angular channel, existing a diametral compensation of the

5

closing forces that occur between each pair of channels (5) present

in the extrusion die (1). In this embodiment of the invention, the

extrusion dies (1) are stackable in pairs, opposing in each pair

of matrices (1), their respective lower parts (10), and being necessary

the use of two sets of punches (8) for the compression of the

10

processed specimens, applying each set of punches (8) on

each of the upper parts (9).

To exert the compression force and the closing force

necessary to process the material in the different embodiments of the

invention, for example, hydraulic drives

fifteen

(13) as shown in Figures 14-15. It should be noted that it is

possible to use any other compression and closure system, for

mechanical, pneumatic, electromechanical example, or a combination of

the same. As can be seen in the hydraulic system shown

in the aforementioned Figures 14-15, one or more compression means (14)

2nd

exert the compression force necessary for multiextrusion of

material, said compression means (14) comprising a

plurality of punches (8), which exert the compression force on

the test tubes located in the channels (5) of the matrices (1), being able to

possessing said punches (8) different cross sections, in

25

function of the design of the extrusion dies (1) used. For other

part, one or more closing means (15) exert the compression force

necessary to keep the whole set of matrices closed (1) during

The extrusion process. Once the process is finished, the set can

return to the initial position, in order to proceed with the extraction of

3rd

deformed material

Once you have completed each stage of the MCM-DPS process

(actuation of the compression means (14) on the inlet (6) of the channels (5), deformation of the specimens in angular channel and withdrawal of said compression means (14) to the initial position) it is possible to extract the extruded material . It should be noted, however, that the present invention 5 allows the processing of multiple specimens continuously without extracting the material, since, after the processing of each specimen, it is located at the outlet (7) of the channels (5) . This allows, by processing subsequent matrices (1), that the new specimens that pass through the inlet (6) of the channels (5) push the specimens that are

loen the output (7) in each processing, so that the latter leave said channels (5) without the need for an individualized extraction.

Likewise, the extrusion device according to the present invention can comprise both a manual feeding of the extruded materials 15, as well as automatic and continuous feeding means (16) of said materials (see Figure 16), providing the latter with higher production speeds. The present invention makes it possible, in addition, to reprocess the same specimen, reintroducing it through the entrance (6) of the angular channels (5) and repeating the process of 2 or extrusion the number of times desired, depending on the particular characteristics of the process performed or the materials processed. Preferably, the extrusion process is applied at least twice to each specimen, being able to apply turns on its longitudinal axis with respect to its original orientation, in each

25 processed after the first.

For the realization of the opening of the dies (1) in a more simple and efficient way, the present invention optionally comprises connection means (17) of the extrusion dies (1). As shown in Figure 17, said means (17) allow to perform, in a 3 or connected and simultaneous way, both the opening and closing of the matrices (1). Said connection means (17) are preferably a

arrangement of sliding fasteners (18) on bars (19), where said

bars (19) join each of the matrices (1) with their matrix or matrices

adjacent. This option is of interest to lubricate in a way

simultaneous and efficient input (6) and output (7) of the channels (5) of the

5

matrices (1). It is also possible, in an embodiment of the present

invention (Figure 18), coupling said connection means (17) to the

closing means (15), so that the opening or closing of the dies

(1) is performed in a single stage, combining it simultaneously with the

withdrawal or application, respectively, of said closure means (15),

10

thus optimizing the process times of extruded materials.

The method and device object of the present invention are

applicable to starting materials with very different sections, both

solid as hollow. For example: preforms with square section or

rectangular, preforms with circular or oval section, or preforms with

fifteen

polygonal section Such materials may have conformations of

heading with various sections such as bars, plates,

sheets, plates, tubes, hollow profile, etc.

The materials processable by the present invention are,

preferably, metals and alloys thereof. However,

2nd

It is also possible, by other embodiments of the invention, to employ

other type of materials, such as polymers, ceramic materials, or

Other type of non-metallic compounds. Such materials can be

submitted, before or after processing, to treatments

surface, thermal, or other types, depending on the needs of

25

said processed.

For any of the possible embodiments of the invention, the

extrusion process can be performed at room temperature or at

temperature controlled, using, in the second case, matrices (1)

that can be heated or cooled, through control means of

3rd

temperature (20). The transfer of heat through the materials

Extrudates can be performed using different heating methods

or refrigeration, depending on the processing needs. Figure 19

shows an isometric view of a matrix-matrix holder set where

temperature control means (20) are heating resistors

installed in the matrix holders (2) of the matrices (1) used in the

5

MCM-OPS process. A constructive scheme is shown in Figure 20

side of the extrusion dies (1), using said resistors

heaters in the deformation zone.

EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

10

Example 1: Simultaneous processing of 16 pieces of circular section

(80 mm in length and 10 mm in diameter) of the aluminum alloy

AA6060 using the MCM-OPS process.

fifteen

It starts from preforms of the AA6060 aluminum alloy of 80

mm long and 10 mm in diameter. Said alloy is processed by

MCM-OPS at room temperature, using eight matrices (1),

divided into two symmetrical parts (3, 4) and housed in matrix holders (2),

according to the arrangement shown by Figure 1, in which the diameter (O)

2 o

of the channels (5) of the matrix (1) is 10 mm, the radii agree

outer and inner channel (Rext and Rint) have a value of 2 mm, each

one, the angle between the channels (5) of the extrusion dies (1) (O)

It has a value of 90 ° and the length of the processed specimens is 80

mm The compression speed used is 140 mm / min and for

25

generation of the necessary pressure two hydraulic cylinders are used,

a vertical cylinder, which exerts the compression force, being able to

develop 1200 kN, and the horizontal, which prevents the opening of the matrices

(1), being able to develop a compression force of 1200 kN.

As a lubricant spray molybdenum disulfide is used. Lubricant

30

it is applied before placing the material on the matrices (1), for which

matrices (1) are used divided by their middle plane and to which they

apply a closing pressure using the hydraulic system indicated above. The matrices are at room temperature. With the proposed configuration it is possible to obtain in a single stroke of descent of the press sixteen specimens of the aluminum alloy 5 considered highly deformed and without significant modification of its cross section. Likewise, it is possible to perform the mechanical closure of the entire assembly, without applying the necessary force to keep a single matrix (1) closed, as a consequence of the spatial distribution characteristic of the MCM-OPS process. For feeding the material to the matrices (1) in angular channel an automated warehouse is used that performs the function of automatic feeding of the material and leads the specimens to the input channel of the matrices. Subsequently, the material obtained is reintroduced at the entrance

(6) of the angular channels (5), said material rotating 180 ° with respect to its longitudinal axis, and the extrusion process is repeated again.

Example 2: Simultaneous processing of 8 pieces of circular section

(200 mm in length and 20 mm in diameter) of the aluminum alloy

AA5083 using the MCM-OPS process at a temperature of 150 oC.

twenty

Be part of preforms of the aluminum alloy AA5083 of 200

mm long and 20 mm in diameter. Said alloy is processed by

MCM-OPS

to Temperature of 150 oC, using four matrices (1),

divided into two symmetrical parts (3, 4) and housed in matrix holders (2),

25

according to the arrangement shown by Figure 1. The diameter (O) of the

channels (5) of the matrix (1) is 20 mm, the outer agreement radii e

Inside the channel (Rext and Rint) have

a value of 4 mm, each, the

angle between the channels (5) of the extrusion dies (1) (O) has a

90 ° value and the length of the processed specimens is 200 mm. The

3rd

speed from compression employee is from 120 mm / min Y for the

Two hydraulic cylinders are used to generate the necessary pressure.

The vertical, which exerts the compression force, is capable of developing

3000 kN And the horizontal, which prevents the opening of the matrices (1), is

capable of developing a compression force of 5000 kN. How

lubricant a synthetic oil resistant to the temperature of

5

process, before placing the material on the matrices (1) And proceeding

when heating, for which matrices (1) divided by their

middle plane and to which a closing pressure is applied by means of a

hydraulic system. The matrices (1) are at the temperature of

150 oC, using, for this purpose, heating resistors located in the

10

proximities of the deformation zone. When placing the material, the

matrices will begin to heat until the temperature of

fixed reference (150 OC) the material being located within the

matrices (1). Once the temperature has been measured by

use of thermocouples located in different points of the matrices (1) is

fifteen

Start the MCM-DPS process. With the proposed configuration it is possible

obtain in a single race of descent of the press eight test pieces of

the aluminum alloy considered highly deformed and without

significant modification of its cross section.

2 o

Example 3: Simultaneous processing of 4 pieces of square section

(100 mm long and 9 mm side) of a low-grade steel

carbon using the MCM-DPS process.

It is based on preforms of a low carbon steel

25

100 mm long and 9 mm side. Said steel is processed by

MCM-DPS at room temperature, using two matrices (1),

divided into two symmetrical parts (3, 4) and housed in matrix holders (2),

according to the arrangement shown by Figure 2, in which the channels (5)

of the matrix (1) have a cross section of 9 mm side, the radii

3 o

according to the exterior and interior of the channel (Rext and Rint) have a value of

1.25 and 2.0 mm, respectively, the angle between the channels (5) of the

Extrusion dies (1) (O) have a value of 90 ° and the length of the processed specimens is 100 mm. The compression speed used is 80 mm / min and two hydraulic cylinders are used to generate the necessary pressure. The vertical, which exerts the force of 5 compression, is capable of developing 2000 kN And the horizontal, which prevents the opening of the matrices (1), is capable of developing a compression force of 2500 kN. As a lubricant, molybdenum disulfide is used as a spray, before placing the material on the matrices (1), which are divided by their middle plane and to which a closing pressure is applied by means of a hydraulic system. The matrices (1) are at room temperature. With the proposed configuration, it is possible to obtain four highly deformed steel parts in a single press down stroke without significant modification of its cross section. For the feeding of the material to the matrices (1) 15 in angular channel an automated warehouse is used that performs the function of automatic feeding of the material and leads the specimens to the channels (5) of input of the matrices (1). Subsequently, the material obtained is reintroduced into the inlet (6) of the angular channels (5), said material rotating 180 ° with respect to its longitudinal axis,

20 and the extrusion process is repeated again.

Example 4: Simultaneous processing of four pieces of rectangular section of 100 x 20 mm x 150 mm of stainless steel A309 by MCM-DPS. at the temperature of 525 oC

25 It is based on 4 blocks of stainless steel A309, of (100 mm x20 mm x 150 mm) (length x width x height). Said steel blocks are processed by MCM-DPS at a temperature of 525 oC and using two extrusion matrices (1) in angular channel, divided into two symmetrical parts (3, 4)

30 And housed in matrix holders (2), which have an angle of 95 °, between the input and output channels, and radii of agreement between the channels of

equal input and output and 3.0 mm value. The spatial configuration of

the matrices (1) makes the geometric centers of the punches of

extrusion are in a spatial arrangement such that their centers

geometric are on the vertices of a rectangle of

5

dimensions 300 x 300 mm. The speed at which the

Simultaneous extrusions is 50 mm / min and, for the generation of the

pressure required, a hydraulic cylinder is used in a vertical press

4000 kN In order to reduce friction in the channels of

extrusion (5), a previously applied graphite lubricant is used

10

on the matrices (1) in angular channel, before placing the material

over them and start the warm up. Matrices are used (1)

divided by its midplane and to which a closing pressure is applied

through a hydraulic system capable of developing an out of closure

4000 kN The matrices (1) are at a temperature of 525 oC,

fifteen

for which heating resistors are used which, by conduction,

they bring the necessary heat to the deformation zone, in which they are

thermocouples housed to regulate the process temperature. With the

proposed configuration is possible to obtain in a single run of

press down four highly deformed steel blocks and

2nd

without significant modification of its cross section. At the end of

process is performed a stress relief heat treatment at

processed parts For both food and extraction

of the material once deformed an automated manipulator is used.

Claims (19)

1.-Angular channel compression device for the multiple extrusion of materials comprising a plurality of extrusion matrices (1), where:

-

each of said extrusion dies (1) comprises one or more angular channels (5), through which the materials are extruded, said angular channels (5) being provided with at least one inlet (6) and, at least one exit (7),

10 -the plurality of extrusion matrices (1) is stackable in series, -the materials that cross the angular channels (5) belonging to the series formed by the matrices (1) are extrudable simultaneously, through the compression of said materials by one or more compression means (14). 2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the series formed by the extrusion matrices (1) is capable, during compression of the materials processed through the channels (5), to maintain their integrity by applying one or more closing means (15). 3. Device according to any of claims 1-2, wherein the series formed by the extrusion matrices (1) has a configuration such that the closing force necessary to maintain the integrity of each individual matrix (1) within the series is compensated with the forces of 25 necessary closure to maintain the integrity of its matrices (1) neighboring in said series. 4. Device according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the extrusion matrices (1) are housed in matrix holders (2). 5. Device according to any of claims 1-4, wherein The extrusion dies (1) are housed in a single matrix holder (2). 6. Device according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the extrusion dies (1) are divided into two symmetrical parts (3, 4). 7. Device according to claim 6, wherein one or more angular channels (5) comprised in the extrusion dies (1) are divided in half, each half being housed in each of the symmetrical parts (3, 4) of the extrusion dies (1). 8. Device according to any of claims 1-7, wherein the plurality of extrusion matrices (1), when stacked in series for multiple material processing, forms a set that keeps a radial symmetry with respect to a vertical or horizontal axis . 9. Device according to claim 8, wherein the angular channels (5) of the assembly forming the extrusion matrices (1) are angularly spaced apart. 10. Device according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the extrusion dies (1) are configured by joining a top part

(9)

which houses an input channel (6) and a lower part (10) that houses an output channel (7), where the angular channels (5) through which the materials are processed are formed by joining each channel input (6) with each output channel (7), by contacting the upper (9) and lower parts

(10)

of the matrices (1).

11. Device according to any of claims 1-10, wherein the angular channels (5) comprise one or more angles equal to 90 °. 12. Device according to any of claims 1-11, wherein the angular channels (5) have a circular, oval, square, rectangular or polygonal cross-section. 13. Device according to any of claims 1-12, wherein the extrusion dies (1) have a plurality of angular channels (5) of different cross sections. 14. Device according to any of claims 1-13, 10 wherein the input (6) and the output (7) of the angular channels (5) have the same cross-section. 15. Device according to any of claims 1-13, wherein the input (6) and the output (7) of the angular channels (5) have a different cross-section. 16. Device according to any of claims 1-15, wherein the input (6) and the output (7) of the angular channels (5) have the same length. 17. Device according to any of claims 1-15, wherein the input (6) and the output (7) of the angular channels (5) have different lengths. 18. Device according to any of claims 1-17, wherein the radii of interior and exterior agreement of the angular channels (5) are the same. 19. Device according to any of claims 1-17, 30 wherein the radii of interior and exterior agreement of the angular channels (5) They are different.

20. Device according to any of claims 1-19 comprising a plurality of punches (8) for the processing of the materials.

5

21. Device according to claim 20, wherein the punches (8) are comprised in the compression means (14).

10

22. Device according to any of claims 1-21, wherein the compression means (14) and / or the closing means (15) comprise one or more hydraulic, mechanical, pneumatic or electromechanical systems, said systems used individually or in combination .

fifteen

23. Device according to any of claims 1-22, wherein the feeding of the processed materials is carried out either manually, either by means of automatic feeding (16), or by a combination thereof.

2nd

24. Device according to any of claims 1-23, wherein the extrusion dies (1) comprise connection means (17) for simultaneously opening or closing said extrusion dies (1).

25

25. Device according to claim 24, wherein the connection means (17) are preferably an arrangement of sliding fasteners (18) on bars (19), said fasteners (18) being installed in the dies (1), and where said bars (19) connect each of the matrices (1) with their matrix or adjacent matrices.

3rd

26.-Device according to any of claims 1-25, further comprising means for temperature control (20),

said means being preferably heating systems or cooling systems, used individually or in combination. 27. Use of a device according to any of claims 5 1-26 for the multiple extrusion of materials by compression. 28. Use according to claim 27, wherein the extrudates are metals or alloys thereof. 10. Use according to claim 27, wherein the extrudates are polymeric, ceramic or non-metallic composite materials. 30. An angular channel compression method for multiple extrusion of materials comprising: 15 - the series stacking of a plurality of extrusion dies (1), said extrusion dies (1) comprising one or more angular channels (5), through which the materials are processed.

-

the simultaneous extrusion of the materials through the angular channels (5) included in the series formed by the matrices (1), 20 by applying one or more compression forces.

31. Method according to claim 30, wherein the integrity of the series formed by the extrusion dies (1) is maintained by applying one or more closing forces, so that the closing force 25 necessary to maintain the integrity of each individual matrix (1) within the series is compensated with the individual closing forces necessary to maintain the integrity of its neighboring matrices (1) in said series.

-

31

4 6 Fig. 1 2. 3 5 7 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 1 2 Fig. 5

-

3. 4

1 ~  b) e)  1 ~ 12 9- and) d) F) Fig. 6

-

35

8 L ::: ~ '~' '' '' t ~ ¡~ 'F ~' t ::]  I ~; t == ¡'] t) I fifteen Fig. 7 ~ D ~ ------------------------------------ ~ SW Fig. 9  4 ~ T¡¡ ') ------------ 1 or.. 4 {) ü ~ ------------------------- 'l {) fifty L Fig. 11 4500, · ------------------ j 4 {iü {J ~ 25ü {J ~ U-r 200 (~

-

f5DO

lt10 (~ ú l. Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14

-

39

 1 15 "1 Fig. 15 16 Fig. 16 cold "'" ~ C ') C \ J or ~ ~ o O ' C \ J <D  or ... C \ J ., ....., .... ...... r -.... T "" T "" one"- "'f" "" or ~ in AC LL ...... T "" r -.... T ""

-

41

Fig. 18 Fig. 19 one 5 Fig. 20